Academic literature on the topic 'Public health – Belize'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public health – Belize"
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Jaramillo, M. Elizabeth. "Global Speech-Language Health: Belize." Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders 5, no. 2 (2015): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/gics5.2.45.
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This independent field experience in global health explores the application of health promotion and service delivery models from the field of public health to speech-language services through descriptive research of the case in southern Belize. This project explores first steps in global speech-language health outreach for children living in very limited resource settings. Global speech-language health outreach includes community-wide interventions, fostering collaboration in the community and internationally, health education, building on local resources to expand health services, and special education program development. This project makes the assumption that a rich language environment may be a determinant of speech-language health. Speech-language interventions that enrich the linguistic environment may be a strong starting point for regions with very limited access to speech-language services. Therefore, this project looks at targeting social and environmental factors that influence language and literacy skills. The aim is to raise awareness of pediatric speech-language disability in southern Belize, with the ultimate goal of increasing school and community participation of children with speech-language disabilities. The purpose of this project is to explore points of entry for population-wide, environment-enriching, and culturally relevant intervention targeting communication and academic growth, in a limited resource setting. Furthermore, this project describes barriers to speech-language services and interventions in southern Belize.
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Neibart, Shane S., Tiffany A. Smith, Jennifer H. Fang, et al. "Assessment of Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Infrastructure in Belize." JCO Global Oncology, no. 7 (August 2021): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.21.00138.
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PURPOSE Belize has one of the highest cervical cancer burdens among Latin American and Caribbean countries, despite the implementation of national policies to increase access to prevention and treatment services. This study evaluates the policies, infrastructure, and workforce of the cervical cancer management system in Belize to inform capacity building efforts. METHODS In 2018, health facility assessments were conducted across all six districts of Belize at the national pathology facility and 12 public facilities identified as critical to cervical cancer control. Human and infrastructure resource availability and existing policies related to cervical cancer screening and treatment services were assessed through a structured instrument. RESULTS The public cervical cancer screening workforce in Belize consists of 75 primary care nurses and physicians—one per 1,076 screening-eligible women, with 44% conducting rural outreach. All districts have at least one screening facility, but 50% perform screening services only once per week. Colposcopy and loop electrical excision procedures are available in three and four districts, respectively; radical hysterectomy and chemotherapy are available in two districts; and radiation therapy is unavailable. Of essential pathology equipment, 38.5% were present and functional, 23% were present but nonfunctional, and 38.5% were unavailable. Additionally, 35% of supplies were unavailable at the time of assessment, and 75% were unavailable at least once in the 12 months before assessment. CONCLUSION Public-sector cervical cancer management services differ among districts of Belize, with tertiary service availability concentrated in the largest district. Screening, outreach, and pathology are limited mostly by resource availability. This study characterizes the current capacity of services in Belize and pinpoints health system components for future investment and capacity-building efforts.
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Chandler, Cristian J., Leigh A. Bukowski, Jordan M. Sang, et al. "Barriers and facilitators to past six-month HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Belize." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 13 (2020): 1300–1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420947574.
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Prevalence of HIV in Belize is high, and men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. HIV testing is critical in curbing the epidemic; however, little is known about factors associated with testing among MSM in Belize. Working with a non-governmental organization in a large, urban city within Belize, snowball sampling was applied to recruit Belizean MSM to complete a self-administered survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to understand associations with HIV screening behavior. Access to healthcare, HIV knowledge, and reporting having heard of Section 53 of the Criminal Code of Belize (once outlawing same-sex sexual behavior), but not experiencing any negative impact from Section 53 were significantly positively associated with having received an HIV test in the past six months. Healthcare maltreatment (lifetime), depression symptomology, and shame were significantly negatively associated with having received a HIV test in the past six months. Findings suggest that multiple factors associated with stigma and discrimination negatively affect testing strategies among MSM in Belize.
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Stupp, Paul W., Beth A. Macke, Richard Monteith, and Sandra Paredez. "Ethnicity and the use of health services in Belize." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 2 (1994): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021209.
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SummaryData from the 1991 Belize Family Health Survey show differentials in the use of maternal and child health services between ethnic groups (Creole, Mestizo, Maya/Ketchi and Garifuna). Multivariate analysis is used to explore whether such differentials can truly be attributed to ethnicity or to other characteristics that distinguish the ethnic groups. Health services considered are: family planning, place of delivery (hospital/other), postpartum and newborn check-ups after a birth, and immunisations for children. The language usually spoken in the household is found to be important for interpreting ethnic differentials. Mayan-speaking Maya/Ketchis are significantly less likely to use family planning services or to give birth in a hospital. Spanish-speakers (Mestizos and Maya/Ketchis) are less likely to use newborn and postpartum check-ups, after controlling for other characteristics. There are no ethnic differentials for immunisations. Programmatic implications of these results are discussed.
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Everard, C. O. R., F. Cawich, P. G. Gamble, and J. D. Everard. "Prevalence of leptospirosis in Belize." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, no. 3 (1988): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(88)90175-7.
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Charalambous, Andreas, Katie Demoliou, Marco Mendez, Robert Coye, Giovanni Solorzano, and Elena Papanastasiou. "Screening for lead exposure in children in Belize." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 25, no. 1 (2009): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892009000100007.
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Baxter, Sally L., Richard P. Wormald, Joan M. Musa, and Daksha Patel. "Blindness Registers as Epidemiological Tools for Public Health Planning: A Case Study in Belize." Epidemiology Research International 2014 (December 3, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/659717.
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For public eye health programs, blindness registers can be an important tool for informing service planning. This study examines how the Belize Council for the Visually Impaired (BCVI) used its blindness register data to drive several public health interventions. Cross-sectional analysis was performed for all active registrants (n=1194) to determine the distribution of causes of registration according to age, sex, and geographical district. Cataract was the leading cause of registration (39.6%), followed by glaucoma (20.8%), diabetic retinopathy (10.2%), and childhood blindness (9.4%). The distribution of the causes of registration was fairly similar between men and women and across the various districts. However, in Stann Creek, whose population is largely of African descent, glaucoma exceeded cataract. For most causes, the majority of registrants were registered at age 50 or older. Follow-up was conducted four years later. Several interventions had been initiated, most notably bolstering cataract surgical services and creating screening programs for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The register itself was also improved to maximize its utility for future use. While standardized surveys may be the most appropriate method of estimating population-based measures such as prevalence or incidence, the blindness register is still a valuable source of data for public health planning.
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Bailey, Mark S. "Cutaneous leishmaniasis in British troops following jungle training in Belize." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, no. 5 (2011): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.07.001.
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Bowser, Diana M., Ramon Figueroa, Laila Natiq, and Adeyemi Okunogbe. "A preliminary assessment of financial stability, efficiency, health systems and health outcomes using performance-based contracts in Belize." Global Public Health 8, no. 9 (2013): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2013.829511.
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Lainson, R. "Further comments on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Belize, Central America." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81, no. 4 (1987): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(87)90467-6.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Public health – Belize"
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Denton, Kacie Hoyle, and Claire Gleadhill. "Social Determinants of Health in Belize Free Clinic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/205.
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Abstract: Social Determinants of Health in Belize Free Clinic
Introduction: To determine the most appropriate ways to serve patients in rural Belize through medical mission work, it is important to assess social determinants of health (SDOH). It has long been agreed that a variety of factors affect health, including environment, community and social context, access to healthcare, stress, income, mental health, education, and transportation. Many people in Roaring Creek, Belize, a village with a population of approximately 2,000, use Body and Soul Ministries, a nonprofit that invites medical teams from all over to deliver medical care, as their primary source of healthcare. During one of these trips, a medical team from East Tennessee State University (ETSU) provided medical care and employed the TeamCare survey, already used in several clinics in east Tennessee to assess the SDOH needs of the patient population in Roaring Creek. The purpose of this study was to use a survey that assesses several SDOH to determine better ways to address health needs in the community of Roaring Creek as well as connect patients with resources to meet those needs.
Methods: A team of ETSU medical students, a resident, and five physicians served in a free clinic in Roaring Creek, Belize in October 2017. The team saw approximately 500 patients. Some patients were randomly selected to take the TeamCare survey to assess for six SDOH, including literacy, financial needs, drug use, abuse, transportation, and mental health. Based on the results of the survey, patients were connected with their local community health worker to assist in locating resources for patients. Using SPSS, results from the survey were arranged for frequencies and measures of central tendency.
Results: Overall, a total of 106 patients responded to the TeamCare survey. Based on the survey results, 83.2% of patients responded “yes” to at least one question regarding needs related to SDOH. In fact, 7.9% of patients answered “yes” to five questions. Of note, 53.5% of patients responded positively for financial need, 46.5% positive for mental health needs, 37.6% positive for environmental alcohol or drug abuse, and 32.7% positive for transportation needs. More women stated positively for physical or verbal abuse compared to men (-1.48, p=0.001).
Discussion and Conclusion:
Roaring Creek, Belize is a rural community that illustrates how SDOH can impact health outcomes. There has been a recent effort for clinicians to address SDOH, especially in rural areas, but perhaps not enough globally. One way this can be done is by surveying for SDOH at clinic visits and then linking patients with relevant community resources. However, resources are not always readily available in Roaring Creek, Belize. Many patients are positive for SDOH, but with an overall lack of resources, it is important to do more research to determine how global health efforts can best serve these populations. Perhaps the best way for SDOH needs to be addressed is for Body and Soul to collaborate with community health workers and mission teams to establish ongoing programs and longstanding resources for the community.
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Reeser, Douglas Carl. "Medical Pluralism in a Neoliberal State: Health and Deservingness in Southern Belize." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5295.
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This ethnography explores the varied contours of a national health care system and how it is used in conjunction with traditional forms of health care in Toledo District, Belize, focused on the largest town of Punta Gorda (P.G.), In a medically plural environment, a variety of health care options are used based on a wide range of social, economic, and structural factors that shape people's choices and decisions. The convenience of and experience with low-cost home- and self-care options make these the most common first choice during an illness event in P.G., however a deeper exploration of health behavior reveals that people will exhaust all options in their quest for health. In an era when neoliberal trends have a direct effect on people's lives, including a negative impact on health and well-being, Belize stands out as an interesting case. The small Central American/Caribbean nation has taken actions that appear to be contradictory to broader neoliberal policies that encourage privatization of government services, by implementing a national health care system that provides low-cost and free health services to its citizens. While new health facilities have been opened, and health services have become more widely available throughout Belize, an analysis of how and why the health care system functions shows that such programs may actually function as mechanisms of control and surveillance, thus aligning with neoliberal aims such as decentralization and privatization of services. As it has been implemented in southern Belize, the national health care system also replicates and extends an historic trend of marginalization and neglect to the region, showing that from the perspective of the State, and by extension, the powerful and elite of the nation, the citizens of P.G. are seen as less deserving of the quality of health care services that are necessary to lead healthy and productive lives.
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Baines, Kristina Linda. "Good Men Grow Corn: Embodied Ecological Heritage and Health in a Belizean Mopan Community." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4285.
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Recent developments in land rights and land use in the Toledo district, Belize has generated anthropological and activist interest surrounding traditional ecological knowledge and practice, and the role of heritage in communities. This study explores the connection between ecological knowledge and practices, and the concurrent construction of heritage, and community health and wellness, broadly defined. Developing and using the concept of "embodied ecological heritage," this dissertation takes a phenomenological approach to understanding the convergence of ecological heritage and health in multiple realms of everyday life, arguing that lived experience of participating in "traditional" practices is fundamentally connected to wellness in the Mopan community of Santa Cruz.
Using the results of ethnographic research using multiple methodologies across 76 households over a period of 11 months, this dissertation presents a detailed account of how Mopan Maya participants view ecological skill and knowledge as critical to being and living well, arguing that social factors, such as work and food choices, have an effect on wellness. The research contributes to a growing number of studies linking changes in the body and overall health status to everyday practices within communities. Outlining how certain knowledge and particular practices, such as exchanging labor and making baskets, become prioritized as heritage through both their conceptualization and deployment, the analysis centers on individual bodies as the foci of skill, sensory experience and change. The timely nature of making these connections explicit is discussed in light of ongoing "development" in Maya communities and beyond, with an illumination of how changing land use patterns have far-reaching effects on wellness from multiple perspectives; individual, social, ecological and political, and concluding that a consideration of wellness can benefit from looking at the processes involved in heritage construction as it relates to ecological practice.
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Fernandez, Valerie L. "Quantitative Analysis of Obese Hypertensive Women and the Health Belief Model." Thesis, Capella University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10973076.
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<p> This study utilized secondary data to understand weight-loss behaviors in obese adult women with hypertension. There are multifactorial reasons for obesity. This study attempted to clarify why people cannot lose weight and why many often regain weight. The gap in the literature relates to why the concepts such as perception of risk, benefits, and obstacles to action have not been found to cause individuals to achieve weight loss or to maintain weight loss. Secondary data were used from the NHANES dataset, a weighted dataset representative of the U.S. population. The sample used in this study included 411 obese hypertensive women over the age of 18. In all, six years of data from 2009–2014 were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Perception about the obstacles an individual confronts can be a barrier to successful weight loss. If an individual thinks success cannot be attained, efforts to lose weight will fail. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the variables. The results indicated that only perception of weight acted as a cue to action for losing weight. That is, the perception of weight was the only statistically significant finding of reasons obese hypertensive women initiate weight loss efforts. Recommendations for future research include an investigation of the perception of weight status and body habitus, and to assess what triggers a poor perception of weight and body habitus as a cue to action to lose weight. </p><p>
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Robinson, Tanya Danita. "Hypertension Beliefs and Behaviors of African Americans in Seleceted Cleveland Public Housing." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1352827584.
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Brown, Melissa. "Assessing Knowledge and Behavior Regarding Influenza Vaccines." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281715985.
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Williams-Johnson, Lori Michelle. "Preventive Health Education Media and Older Worker Health Literacy." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2388.
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The United States has experienced an increase in older workers as individuals born between 1946 and 1964 have remained in the labor force. Preventive health screening education, such as an immunization flyer, is necessary to avert preventable illness among older workers. Based on previous research, there is a gap regarding age-specific methods for educating the older worker about preventive health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between various media providing preventive health screening information and the assessed health literacy of the older worker. Based on the health belief model, a quantitative, cross-sectional method was used. A population of older workers (n = 159), starting at age 45, of diverse racial groups and job types, was surveyed to determine their health literacy, preventive health screening knowledge, and frequency of exposure to diverse types of media that facilitate preventive health education. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the relationship between the various media providing preventive health screening used by the older worker and the health literacy of the older worker. According to the study, the 45-54 age group had the lowest health literacy scores, and all age groups possessed comparable knowledge of preventive health screening education. Finally, 2 types of media 'television and radio' were effective in improving health literacy by exposure, and 4 types of media 'television, radio, newspaper, and Internet' were perceived effective in providing preventive health education. Implications for positive social change included age-specific methods for educating the older worker about preventive health, which could, in turn, reduce morbidity and mortality caused by preventable diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
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Noggle, Richard Brendan. "Adolescent Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs toward Vaccination." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/31.
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Vaccination, one of public health’s greatest disease prevention tools, is broadening to focus on adolescents. Now that there are more vaccines targeted specifically for adolescents, it is time to give more focus to vaccine delivery in this population. This research will increase the knowledge base to support informed changes in adolescent vaccine delivery by identifying knowledge and attitudes of adolescents toward vaccination within the context of barriers and solutions. Perceived susceptibility to disease, benefits and barriers to vaccination and other constructs were collected through a survey to 1368 high school students. In this population, a scheduled adolescent healthcare visit is feasible, vaccine education can diminishes health misconceptions, and vaccination mandates are ways to reach some students.
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Kim, Hannah B. "Socio-demographic variables that correlate with the percentages of personal belief exemption among kindergartens in Orange County, California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10076447.
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<p> A personal belief exemption (PBE) has allowed parents to exempt their children from immunization when they are opposed to it based on their personal beliefs. As the number of PBE increased over the past few years, there was an increase in incidence of vaccine preventable diseases such as measles and pertussis among kindergartens. The current study examined the association between the percentages of PBEs filed by parents of kindergarten and three socio-demographic variables of schools including ethnicity, income level, and religious affiliation. The statistical findings showed that the percentages of PBE were lower among Asian Americans and Hispanics than Caucasians, higher among the religiously affiliated schools than religiously affiliated schools, and higher among south Orange County (OC) schools than north OC schools. The findings can help public health field detect which risk factors correlate the percentage of PBE and develop interventions more effectively and can help limit future outbreaks.</p>
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Obot, Stella S. "Health Care Disparities and Chronic Disease Burden: Policy Implications for NGOs." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/88.
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The purpose of this capstone is to develop a program to address health literacy among African American adults. The social cognitive theory and the health belief model was used to create a model of an age appropriate, culturally sensitive program with a pre and post test to improve the health literacy in this population. The Community Health Literacy Improvement Program (CHIP) is a pilot program that will consist of a four week didactic intervention focused on combating prose, document, and quantitative health illiteracy. This program will be implemented through a community based nonprofit organization. Participants who complete the CHIP program will be able to identify risk factors for chronic diseases, assess their ability to avoid chronic diseases, and be able to locate community health resources. This proposed intervention will show that community based nonprofit organizations have an important role to play in building community buy in and establishing the agency necessary for community based, culturally sensitive programs such as CHIP to succeed.
Books on the topic "Public health – Belize"
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Ricci, Edmund M., Ernesto A. Pretto, Jr., and Knut Ole Sundnes. Disaster Evaluation Research. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796862.001.0001.
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The ultimate hope and great challenge undertaken by the authors of this volume is to improve disaster preparedness and response efforts globally by providing a standardized way to conduct rigorous and comprehensive scientific evaluative studies of the medical and public health response to these horrific events. It is our strongly held belief that the framework for the conduct of evaluative studies, as developed by specialists in scientific evaluation, offers the most appropriate and comprehensive structure for such studies. Our ‘eight-step approach’ is based upon a conceptual framework that is now widely used by health organizations globally as a basis for the evaluation of community-based medical and public health programs. We contend that many more disaster-related injuries and deaths can be prevented if the concepts and methods of evaluation science are applied to disaster events. In Part 1 of this book we describe the basic concepts and scientific methods used by program evaluation scientists to assess the structure, process, and outcomes of medical and public health interventions. In addition, a detailed description of a comprehensive medical and public health response system is described. In Part 2 we present an eight-step model for conducting an evaluative study of the response, again with a focus on the medical and public health components. Ethical issues that come into play in the conduct of disaster evaluative disaster research, and how these should be addressed, are the focus of Chapter 13. The final chapter offers a look to the future as new technology for data collection becomes available. We are not so naïve as to believe that disaster preparedness and response will change as a direct result of the availability of scientifically conducted assessments. Change requires a double pronged commitment—leaders from both the ranks of government and of the health professions must carefully consider, fund, and adopt policy positions and programs that are based upon the findings and recommendations that emerge from scientific evaluation studies. That is the most certain pathway to a better future.
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Fairchild, Amy L., and Ron Bayer. Public Health with a Punch: Fear, Stigma, and Hard-Hitting Media Campaigns. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.25.
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The conventional perspective that fear is a bad motivator for behavioral change, so critical to public health, is both an empirical observation and a moral judgment. This chapter challenges the belief that fear cannot work and is, indeed, counterproductive. The chapter then turns to the ethical debate, which for years was shaped by bioethics. The chapter concludes by arguing that the perspective of bioethics, so centrally concerned with the individual, provides an inadequate moral frame for thinking about fear-based campaigns. Instead, the chapter proposes the notion of public health ethics, which has as its grounding principle the enhancement of population well-being. Fear-based campaigns may be morally legitimate once the population benefits are clearly articulated and the potential social costs carefully evaluated in a process that is open, transparent, and engages the populations toward whom fear-based campaigns will be directed.
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Lloyd, Robert, Melissa Haussman, and Patrick James. Religion and Health Care in East Africa. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447337874.001.0001.
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What is the impact of religious and non-religious beliefs on health care? Health care, an essential aspect of an individual’s physical, emotional, and psychological well-being, is an important way to assess this question. This book studies the relationship of the physical and spiritual domains by investigating how religious belief affects the provision and consumption of public health in three Africa countries: Uganda, Mozambique, and Ethiopia. Results all confirm the impact of religious beliefs on health perceptions, procurement, and provision. Securing good health is a key and universal aspiration. Furthermore, modern medicine is commonly understood as a means to that end. No matter the religious belief, all showed awareness of the importance and efficacy of medical treatment. On the health care provision side, faith-based entities are important, even essential, in health care for the three countries studied. A review of health outcomes, centered around the Millennium Development Goals, reveals general progress across the board. The progress towards the MDG’s has also been made by international ngo’s, including those focused specifically on women’s health. Health seeking behaviour is affected by a holistic mindset in which physical and mental health are intertwined. This world view, observed among adherents of Christianity, Islam, and African Traditional Religion, shapes Africans’ understanding of the world of sickness and health and how best to respond to its complexity. Africans thus pursue health care in a rational way, given their world view, with an openness to, and even preference, for faith-based provision where government efforts may fall short of basic needs.
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Gonaver, Wendy. The Peculiar Institution and the Making of Modern Psychiatry, 1840-1880. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648446.001.0001.
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Though the origins of asylums can be traced to Europe, the systematic segregation of the mentally ill into specialized institutions occurred in the United States only after 1800, just as the struggle to end slavery took hold. This book examines the relationship between these two historical developments, showing how slavery and ideas about race shaped early mental health treatment in the United States, especially in the South. These connections are illuminated through the histories of two asylums in Virginia: the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, the first in the nation; and the Central Lunatic Asylum in Petersburg, the first created specifically for African Americans. Eastern Lunatic Asylum was the only institution to accept both slaves and free blacks as patients and to employ slaves as attendants. Drawing from these institutions' untapped archives, this book reveals how slavery influenced ideas about patients’ rights, about the proper relationship between caregiver and patient, about what constituted healthy religious belief and unhealthy fanaticism, and about gender. This early form of psychiatric care acted as a precursor to public health policy for generations.
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Singh, Harbir, Ananth Padmanabhan, and Ezekiel J. Emanuel, eds. India as a Pioneer of Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.001.0001.
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What does innovation mean to and in India? What are the predominant areas of innovation for India, and under what situations do they succeed or fail? This book addresses these all-important questions arising within diverse Indian contexts: informal economy, low-cost settings, large business groups, entertainment and copyright-based industries, an evolving pharma sector, a poorly organized and appallingly underfunded public health system, social enterprises for the urban poor, and innovations for the millions. It explores the issues that promote and those that hinder the country’s rise as an innovation leader. The book’s balanced perspective on India’s promises and failings makes it a valuable addition for those who believe that India’s future banks heavily on its ability to leapfrog using innovation, as well as those sceptical of the Indian state’s belief in the potential of private enterprise and innovation. It also provides critical insights on innovation in general, the most important of which being the highly context-specific, context-driven character of the innovation project.
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Jones, Stephen H., Tom Kaden, and Rebecca Catto, eds. Science, Belief and Society. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206944.001.0001.
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The relationship between science and belief has been a prominent subject of public debate for many years, one that has relevance to everything from science communication, health and education to immigration and national values. Yet, sociological analysis of these subjects remains surprisingly scarce. This wide-ranging book critically reviews the ways in which religious and nonreligious belief systems interact with scientific theories and practices. Contributors explore how, for some secularists, ‘science’ forms an important part of social identity. Others examine how many contemporary religious movements justify their beliefs by making a claim upon science. Moving beyond the traditional focus on the United States, the book shows how debates about science and belief are firmly embedded in political conflict, class, community and culture.
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Basu, Sanjay. Good Modeling Practices. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0011.
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Throughout this book, the author has focused on the practices of constructing models or using standard modeling templates and strategies to solve common public health and healthcare system problems. But inherent to the task of using models is the challenge of being a good consumer of models. Often, the planner is faced with the task of reading and interpreting models produced by others and determining whether they “believe” the model results and can make use of the model implementation to help make decisions. In this chapter, the author addresses the issue of how we might become better consumers of modeling studies.
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Grob, Charles S. Hallucinogens: Spiritual and Therapeutic Use, Overuse, and Complications. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0011.
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A fascinating class of psychoactive substances possessing a long and mysterious history of human use are the classic hallucinogens. Forming a vital component of prehistorical and aboriginal culture and belief systems, hallucinogens were ultimately condemned and repressed by evolving civilizations, only to the “rediscovered” in the 20th century. Of compelling interest to anthropologists, ethnobotanists, pharmacologists, medical scientists, and mental health clinicians, their use was diverted to the general culture, particularly among youth during the politically tumultuous 1960s: it was determined to be the cause of a period of cultural upheaval associated with a perceived public health crisis. After decades of quiescence, however, the careful examination of hallucinogens under rigorous and approved research conditions has resumed. This chapter will explore the historical background, neuropharmacology, cultural use, risks of adverse events/addiction, recent renaissance of controlled research, and models for optimal use and implications for the future.
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Darrigol, Olivier. Theories of Heat: Some Background. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816171.003.0002.
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This is a condensed history of thermodynamics and kinetic-molecular theory in Boltzmann’s times and earlier. In the second half of the nineteenth century, there was a widely shared belief in the kinetic-molecular nature of heat. This belief extended to the generally educated public, thanks to popular accounts such as John Tyndall’s Heat considered as a mode of motion (1863). There still was no consensus on the precise form of this motion. For instance, many French physicists persisted in favoring Ampère’s old vibrational picture. Also, there was no consensus on the fruitfulness of the kinetic-molecular theories. Most physicists did not need more than macroscopic thermodynamics, and there were voices, toward the end of the century, to denounce the disproportion between the difficulty of the kinetic-molecular theories and the amount of usable results. Boltzmann had to face such criticism although he was not alone in his quest for a comprehensive kinetic-molecular view of nature.
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Focquaert, Farah, Andrea L. Glenn, and Adrian Raine. Free Will Skepticism, Freedom, and Criminal Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190460723.003.0013.
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In Chapter 13, the authors address the issue of free will skepticism and criminal behavior, asking how we should, as a society, deal with criminal behavior in the current era of neuroexistentialism and if our belief in free will is essential to adequately addressing it, or if neurocriminology offer a new way of addressing crime without resorting to backward-looking notions of moral responsibility and guilt. They argue for a neurocriminological approach to “moral answerability” and forward-looking claims of responsibility that focus on the moral betterment or moral enhancement of individuals prone to criminal behavior and on reparative measures toward victims, placed within a broader public health perspective of human behavior. Within this framework, neurocriminology approaches to criminal behavior may provide specific guidance within a broader moral enhancement framework. Rather than undermining current criminal justice practices, the free will skeptics’ approach can draw on neurocriminological findings to reduce immoral behavior.
Book chapters on the topic "Public health – Belize"
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Taylor, Linnet. "There Is an App for That: Technological Solutionism as COVID-19 Policy in the Global North." In The New Common. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65355-2_30.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic took high-income countries entirely by surprise. Despite funding pandemic preparedness programs in Asia for more than 20 years, donor countries had not experienced an uncontrolled pandemic since HIV in the 1980s. When Ebola, Zika, SARS, and MERS threatened, countries outside the immediate geographic neighborhood or income level of those diseases’ places of origin were left largely untouched. In contrast to the swift, comprehensive response of South-East Asian countries, authorities in Europe and the United States assumed this coronavirus would behave like its predecessors SARS and MERS.What happened next around the world was both harrowing and illuminating. Lacking protective material resources, the human capacity for contact tracing or understanding of the disease, policymakers in higher-income countries turned to technology for a miracle. The technology sector responded with history’s most extensive hackathon, illuminating the mutual shaping of technology and public health policy. The most striking feature of the technological response to the pandemic has been the degree of what Morozov has called solutionism driving it—the belief that complex problems can be solved by technological intervention alone.
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Hess, Daniel Baldwin, and Alex Bitterman. "Who Are the People in Your Gayborhood? Understanding Population Change and Cultural Shifts in LGBTQ+ Neighborhoods." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_1.
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AbstractGay neighborhoods, like all neighborhoods, are in a state of continual change. The relevance of gay neighborhoods—originally formed to promote segregation of individuals who identify as sexual minorities—is lately challenged by advances in technology, experiences with pandemics, shifts in generational opinion and social values, increasing acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals, and (in certain places) increased rights and protections for LGBTQ+ individuals. This confluence of change has created for many people anxiety related to the belief that gay neighborhoods may be dissolving or even disappearing altogether. Seeking to address these concerns, this opening chapter of the book The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods: Renaissance and Resurgence presents eight important takeaway messages distilled from the chapters in this volume that, taken together, provide an in-depth overview of the formation, maturation, current challenges, and future prospects of LGBTQ+ spaces in urban environments. Findings suggest that shifts in patterns of residence, socialization, and entertainment for LGBTQ+ residents and visitors across metropolitan space have resulted in certain gay neighborhoods becoming less gay while other neighborhoods become more gay. In this time of social change, economic inequities, public health crises, and technological evolution, gay neighborhoods provide a culturally and historically significant template for communities in confronting adversity, fear, and discrimination. At this point in their maturity, gay neighborhoods have reached a plateau in their evolution; from here we pause to consider the current state of gay neighborhoods—and trajectories that might describe their future form—as we contemplate the importance of gay neighborhoods in the ongoing advancement of LGBTQ+ people everywhere. We conclude by observing that while gayborhoods have experienced a certain level of de-gaying, the trend toward viewing gayborhoods as inclusive and gay-friendly places de-emphasizes the self-segregation aspects of gayborhoods that were important to their initial formation; consequently, while gay neighborhoods may become less gay, other neighborhoods may also become more gay.
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"Health Belief." In Encyclopedia of Public Health. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5614-7_1361.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Violence Is a Public Health Issue." In Pained. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0037.
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This chapter looks at how violence is a public health issue. Even as rates of violence from several causes have declined, the persistent prevalence of violence in people’s daily lives, both domestically and globally, should give people pause. In theory, violence is eminently preventable. Decreasing violence should therefore be a top priority in the broader pursuit of preventing disease and poor health. Yet violence continues to injure and kill worldwide. At the heart of this failure to prevent violence is the belief that violence is not a health issue. Overwhelmingly, people think of violence as a criminal justice problem, or a sociopolitical concern. This has resulted in the heavy-handed approach to incarceration, which has exacerbated racial divides in the United States and done little to prevent violence. Yet violence is a public health problem, with consequences both individual and collective. Some individuals who experience violence die; those who do not will go on to bear a physical or mental health burden that can last a lifetime. As such, solutions to violence must be rooted in a public health perspective. This means understanding how the context that shapes people’s health each day can raise the likelihood of violence.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Can We Promote Public Health and Generate Return on Our Investment?" In Pained. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0029.
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This chapter looks at how the country’s health investment remains resolutely focused on curative care. Perhaps people spend more on cure than they do on prevention because they believe keeping people healthy is too expensive. But is this true? An analysis set out to assess the return on investment for high-income countries that adopt efforts to improve health. The authors found that the median return on investment for public health interventions was 14 to 1—that is, for every dollar invested, it yields the same dollar back and another 14. They also found that the more these interventions were established at the wider, national level, the higher the return, rising up to about 40 to 1 for the best investments. These interventions include vaccination programs, taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, building better cities to reduce falls, and early youth interventions to limit teenage pregnancy and delinquency. In other words, these are classic efforts to promote the public’s health by shaping the conditions in which people live.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Prevention and oral health education in dental practice settings." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0016.
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Prevention is a core element of the practice of dentistry in the 21st century. Of course the provision of evidence based dental treatment and surgical intervention are the main clinical roles for dentists, but, as health professionals, prevention is also a key responsibility (Department of Health 2012 ; Petersen 2009 ; Steele et al. 2009). Adopting a preventive orientation is relevant to all aspects of clinical care, from diagnosis and treatment planning to referral and monitoring procedures. Dentists and their team members have an important role in helping their patients prevent, control, and manage their oral health. Prevention is important for all patients, but support needs to be tailored to the needs and circumstances of each individual. It is also essential that any preventive advice and support is informed by scientific evidence to ensure maximum benefit is gained. Effectiveness reviews of preventive interventions have shown that many are ineffective and may increase oral health inequalities unless they are supported by broader health promotion interventions (Watt and Marinho 2005; Yehavloa and Satur 2009). Prevention in clinical settings therefore needs to be part of a more comprehensive oral health promotion strategy that addresses the underlying causes of dental disease through public health action, as well as helping patients and their families prevent oral diseases and maintain good oral health through self-care practices. Health education is defined as any educational activity that aims to achieve a health-related goal (WHO 1984). Activity can be directed at individuals, groups, or even populations. There are three main domains of learning (see also Chapter 9 ): . . . ● Cognitive: understanding factual knowledge (for example, knowledge that eating sugary snacks is linked to the development of dental decay). . . . . . . ● Affective: emotions, feelings, and beliefs associated with health (for example, belief that baby teeth are not important). . . . . . . ● Behavioural: skills development (for example, skills required to effectively floss teeth). . . . How do knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours relate to each other? For most people, in most instances, the relationship is complex, dynamic, and very personal; very rarely is it linear.
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Patashnik, Eric M., Alan S. Gerber, and Conor M. Dowling. "Doctor Knows Best." In Unhealthy Politics. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691203225.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the results of national public opinion surveys that illuminate how ordinary citizens think about the medical evidence problem. The surveys demonstrate that doctors possess the influence, prestige, and standing to play a leadership role in educating the public about the inefficiencies and waste of the U.S. health care system. Because most Americans believe “doctor knows best,” they tend to have confidence in the advice of doctors, not only about individual medical problems, but also about broader health care reform issues. The surveys also reveal that Americans are naturally wary of health care reform proposals they fear could constrain physician discretion, such as requiring doctors to follow evidence-based clinical guidelines. The public's anxieties about proposals to make medicine more evidence based, however, can be overcome. Physician endorsements of such reforms significantly alleviate public fears. The survey results suggest that if doctors were to become forceful advocates for reform, their reputations as trusted, well-motivated experts position them to shape the views of ordinary citizens.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "The Microbiome and the Public’s Health." In Pained. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0017.
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This chapter examines the possible role of the microbiome in public health. Every person is a living ecosystem with trillions of microorganisms living on and in their bodies—their microbiome. Microbiome research is a relatively new scientific field where everything seems to influence it; the microbiome’s composition is altered by sleep, stress, and exercise. Microbiome scientists believe it would indeed be meaningful if, someday, by controlling one’s behaviors, one might know how to control one's personal microbial community and thus one’s health. Yet a “personalized” microbiome remains a distant and unlikely dream. Microbiome scientists agree that the environment, from the personal to the atmospheric, matters. And that people’s social networks, with whom and how they interact, matter too. As such, it is important to prioritize attention to the known drivers of longevity and quality of life for today’s population—such as poverty, insurance gaps, homelessness, and the broad distribution of preventive services. These are hard problems that people can change, and which would benefit from strategic health planning.
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Boudiaf, Abdelghani, and Mustapha Zahir. "Quality Management System and Risk Analysis." In Advances in Human Services and Public Health. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8202-2.ch009.
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Many business leaders believe that a comprehensive risk management system provides an essential foundation for maintaining competitive advantages. Moreover, the company is today in the need to set up this device since its environment is unstable and it is constantly changing. In the current circumstances of the virulent pandemic COVID-19, risk management is gaining importance. The majority of Moroccan companies, especially SMEs, are still in an embryonic stage with regard to the practice of risk management. It should be noted that certain SMEs have set up, in particular in the food industry, a food risk management system since this is of a regulatory nature. The results of empirical research have shown that the implementation of a quality management system or an integrated quality and food safety system in the companies promotes risk management. The risk approach is a transversal approach that allows companies to improve their operation and be resilient.
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Chowdhury, Debasish Roy, and John Keane. "Health of a Democracy." In To Kill A Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848608.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses India’s health system. The Indian Constitution upholds the right of its citizens to enjoy human dignity. The country’s Supreme Court has ruled that this means the right to health is integral to the right to life and the government has a constitutional obligation to provide health facilities. But healthcare is not a fundamental right in India. There is no universal healthcare system. Instead, it has a three-tiered health system, in which the poorest go to the notionally free and suitably ramshackle public hospitals; the rich and upper middle classes access super-specialty private hospitals with hotel-like lobbies and air-conditioned suites, respectful doctors, and state-of the-art equipment; and the rest resort to low-to-middle-end private nursing homes that are a scaled-down version of the five-star corporate hospitals. The Covid-19 outbreak laid bare the denial of decent medical attention to the poor by this long-tolerated caste system of public healthcare. The chapter then looks at the relationship between democracy and healthcare. The commonplace belief that representative democracy forces competition for popular support that in turn makes contenders for power more responsive to citizens’ healthcare needs is shown not to apply to India. India’s pathetic public healthcare system and its mercenary private healthcare sector present a troubling anomaly to statistical conclusions that democracy is the nurse of good health. The murderous inequity of its healthcare system speaks of a democracy that celebrates the equality of its people and their votes, even while treating their bodies as unequal.
Conference papers on the topic "Public health – Belize"
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Indriani, Frida, Pawito Pawito, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "Factors Affecting Healthy Behavior among Primary School Children: Application of Health Belief Model." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.63.
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Background: Schools can be an effective institution for developing healthy practices in children. Children in primary schooling age can learn and get used to specific healthy behaviors, such as washing hands, brushing teeth, eating vegetables, etc. This study aimed to determine factors affecting healthy behavior among primary school children using Helth Belief Model. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 25 primary schools in Nganjuk, East Java, from August to December 2019. A sample of 200 primary school students aged 6-12 years was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was healthy behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression run on Stata 13. Results: Healthy behavior in primary school students was improved by high perceived susceptibility (b= 1.11; 95% CI= 0.36 to 1.85; p= 0.004), high perceived seriousness (b= 0.66; 95% CI= -0.06 to 1.38; p= 0.075), strong perceived benefit (b= 0.64; 95% CI= -0.86 to 1.36; p= 0.084), cues to action (b= 0.98; 95% CI= 0.26 to 1.71; p= 0.008), and strong self-efficacy (b= 1.4; 95% CI= 0.74 to 2.20; p<0.001). Conclusion: Healthy behavior in primary school students is improved by high perceived susceptibility, high perceived seriousness, strong perceived benefit, cues to action, and strong self-efficacy. Keywords: clean and healthy behavior, health belief model Correspondence: Frida Indriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nersfrida15@gmail.com. Mobile: 082226327646 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.63
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Pranita, Liliana Dwi, Argyo Demartoto, and Bhisma Murti. "HEALTH BELIEF MODEL ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ISSUES AMONG PRISONERS AT PRISON IN PEKALONGAN, CENTRAL JAVA." In International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2017.068.
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Nahak, Maria Paula Marla, Argyo Demartoto, and Bhisma Murti. "HEALTH BELIEF MODEL ON PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING HIV/AIDS PREVENTION BEHAVIOR ON LESBIAN COMMUNITY IN SURAKARTA." In International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2017.028.
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Puspita, Rumeyda Chitra, Didik Tamtomo, and Dono Indarto. "HEALTH BELIEF MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING HYPERTENSION PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SURAKART." In International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2017.057.
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Prasetyo, Yoyok Bekti, Nur Lailatul Masruroh, Ririn Harin, and Sri Wahyu Handayani. "PERCEIVED BENEFIT CHANGE TO SELF-SCREENING BREAST CANCER DISEASES AMONG YOUNG MOTHER WITH HEALTH BELIEF MODEL APPROACH." In International Conference on Public Health. The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/icoph.2017.3113.
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Katmini, Bhisma Murti, Tedjo Danudjo Oepomo, and Sapja Anantanyu. "HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AND PRECEDE PROCEED ON THE USE OF ANTENATAL CARE AND THE RISK OF PREECLAMPSIA IN KEDIRI, EAST JAVA." In International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2017.064.
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Nurul Maulida, Siti, and Yessy Nur Endah Sary. "Association between Cultural Belief and Implant Contraceptive Use in Bondowoso, East Java." In Mid International Conference on Public Health 2018. Masters Programme in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/mid.icph.2018.03.47.
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Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini, and Rita Benya Adriani. "Effect of Perceived Benefit on Pap Smear Examination Uptake in Women of Reproductive Age: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.133.
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ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women. Pap smear examination can detect early and prevent late diagnosis of cervical cancer. Perception of benefits is one of the constructs of the Health Belief Model that can predict women’s intention in having a Pap smear. This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived benefit on Pap smear uptake using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta analysis was conducted by searching articles from PubMed, Springer Link, Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “Health Belief Model” OR “HBM” OR “Perceived Benefit” AND “Pap smear” OR “Pap Test”. The inclusion criteria were full text, articles published from 2014 to 2019, and using cross sectional study design. The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Results: There were 6 articles that met the criteria. This study reported that strong perceived benefit increased Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age (aOR= 1.15; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.24; p<0.001) with I2 = 88%. Conclusion: Strong perceived benefit increases Pap smear uptake in women of reproductive age. Keywords: perceived benefit, pap smear, cervical cancer, health belief model Correspondence: Maranata. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: maranataima@gmail.com. Mobile: 085867548771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.133
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Kusumawardhani, Fahma Widya, Harsono Salimo, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "Application of Health Belief Model to Explain Dental and Oral Preventive Health Behavior among Primary School Children in Ponorogo, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.67.
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Background: Prevalence of decayed, missing, and filling teeth in children are high. Studies have indicated that health belief model in oral health education for increasing the likelihood of taking preventive oral health behaviors is applicable. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with dental and oral preventive health behavior among primary school children using Health Belief Model. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 25 elementary schools in Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia, from January to February 2020. Schools were selected by multistage proportional stratified random sampling. A sample of 200 students was selected randomly. The dependent variable was dental and oral health behavior. The independent variables were knowledge, teacher role, attitude, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, cues to action, self-efficacy, and perceived barrier. Results: Dental and oral preventive health behavior in elementary school students increased with high knowledge (OR= 7.27; 95% CI= 2.20 to 24.08; p= 0.001), strong teacher role (OR= 3.88; 95% CI= 1.22 to 12.36; p= 0.022), positive attitude (OR= 5.57; 95% CI= 1.72 to 18.01; p= 0.004), high perceived susceptibility (OR= 6.63; 95% CI= 2.13 to 20.65; p= 0.001), high perceived seriousness (OR= 6.28; 95% CI= 2.03 to 19.41; p= 0.001), high perceived benefit (OR= 6.69; 95% CI= 1.84 to 24.38; p= 0.004), strong cues to action (OR= 3.81; 95% CI= 1.20 to 12.14; p= 0.024), and strong self-efficacy (OR= 4.29; 95% CI= 1.39 to 13.21; p= 0.011). Dental and oral preventive health behavior decreased with high perceived barrier (OR= 0.21; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.71; p= 0.011). Conclusion: Dental and oral preventive health behavior in elementary school students increases with high knowledge, strong teacher role, positive attitude, high perceived susceptibility, high perceived seriousness, high perceived benefit, strong cues to action, and strong self-efficacy. Dental and oral preventive health behavior decreases with high perceived barrier. Keywords: dental and oral preventive health behavior, health belief model Correspondence: Fahma Widya Kusumawardhani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir.Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: fahmawidya05@gmail.com. Mobile: +628573530220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.67
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Ayu Cahyaningtyas, Niena, Aris Sudiyanto, and RB Soemanto. "Religious Belief and its Influence on Healthy Ageing among the Elderly in Blora, Central Java." In The 4th International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2018.01.67.
Full textReports on the topic "Public health – Belize"
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Arcia, Gustavo. Efficiency of Public Expenditures in Education and Health in Belize, 2003 - 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000292.
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Squiers, Linda, Mariam Siddiqui, Ishu Kataria, et al. Perceived, Experienced, and Internalized Cancer Stigma: Perspectives of Cancer Patients and Caregivers in India. RTI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0044.2104.
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Cancer stigma may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This exploratory, pilot study was conducted in India to explore the degree to which cancer stigma is perceived, experienced, and internalized among adults living with cancer and their primary caregivers. We conducted a survey of cancer patients and their caregivers in two Indian cities. The survey assessed perceived, experienced, and internalized stigma; demographic characteristics; patient cancer history; mental health; and social support. A purposive sample of 20 cancer survivor and caregiver dyads was drawn from an ongoing population-based cohort study. Overall, 85 percent of patients and 75 percent of caregivers reported experiencing some level (i.e., yes response to at least one of the items) of perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Both patients (85 percent) and caregivers (65 percent) perceived that community members hold at least one stigmatizing belief or attitude toward people with cancer. About 60 percent of patients reported experiencing stigma, and over one-third of patients and caregivers had internalized stigma. The findings indicate that fatalistic beliefs about cancer are prevalent, and basic education about cancer for the general public, patients, and caregivers is required. Cancer-related stigma in India should continue to be studied to determine and address its prevalence, root causes, and influence on achieving physical and mental health-related outcomes.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.