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Journal articles on the topic 'Public health code'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lee, Lisa M., Celia B. Fisher, and Bruce Jennings. "Revising the American Public Health Association’s Public Health Code of Ethics." American Journal of Public Health 106, no. 7 (2016): 1198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303208.

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Ida Nurmawati, Sulandari Sulandari, Ervina Rachmawati, Dony Setiawan, Kurniawan Erman Wicaksono, and Ikha Nurjihan. "Inaccuracy Analysis of Diagnosis Code of Disease in Medical Records with SIMPUS at Purwoharjo Public Health Center." Proceeding of The International Conference of Inovation, Science, Technology, Education, Children, and Health 4, no. 1 (2024): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.62951/icistech.v4i1.73.

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The inaccuracy of the disease diagnosis code is one of the problem affecting the quality of health services. Based on the preliminary result, 89 outpatient diagnosis codes in a medical record found 30 inaccuracies data from SIMPUS result of general poly at Purwoharjo Health Center. The impact of this inaccuracy has been influenced by the accuracy of disease data that resulted from making report data. The purpose of this study was to analyze the inaccuracy of disease diagnosis codes for outpatient medical records with SIMPUS at Purwoharjo Public Health Center. It was a descriptive study with ob

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Thomas, James C., Michael Sage, Jack Dillenberg, and V. James Guillory. "A Code of Ethics for Public Health." American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 7 (2002): 1057–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.7.1057.

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Vander Kelen, Patrick, Joseph P. Laco, Shannon McClenahan, Christopher Fletcher, and Brian Hubbard. "Assessing state partner use of the Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC): A cross comparison of five states with varying degrees of self-reported adoption status." PLOS Water 3, no. 8 (2024): e0000276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000276.

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Despite the development of the Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC), U.S. public health departments and aquatics agencies face obstacles in incorporating this guidance into their pool codes. A cross comparison of five state pool codes with the MAHC was conducted to quantify MAHC incorporation into these state codes. The proportion of MAHC code agreement with state codes in this study had a range of 14%–86%. Only 2% of all the MAHC codes available were present in all five state codes, conversely, 12% of the MAHC codes were not found in any state. These differences in code agreement highlight the ch

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Thomas, James C., Debra E. Irwin, Erin Shaugnessy Zuiker, and Robert C. Millikan. "Genomics and the Public Health Code of Ethics." American Journal of Public Health 95, no. 12 (2005): 2139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2005.066878.

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Brady, Eoghan S., Jonathon P. Leider, Beth A. Resnick, Y. Natalia Alfonso, and David Bishai. "Machine-Learning Algorithms to Code Public Health Spending Accounts." Public Health Reports 132, no. 3 (2017): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917700356.

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Objectives: Government public health expenditure data sets require time- and labor-intensive manipulation to summarize results that public health policy makers can use. Our objective was to compare the performances of machine-learning algorithms with manual classification of public health expenditures to determine if machines could provide a faster, cheaper alternative to manual classification. Methods: We used machine-learning algorithms to replicate the process of manually classifying state public health expenditures, using the standardized public health spending categories from the Foundati

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Draugelis, Sarah, Jessica Hunnewell, Sam Bishop, et al. "Leveraging Electronic Health Records in International Humanitarian Clinics for Population Health Research: Cross-Sectional Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 11 (April 17, 2025): e66223-e66223. https://doi.org/10.2196/66223.

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Abstract Background As more humanitarian relief organizations are beginning to use electronic medical records in their operations, data from clinical encounters can be leveraged for public health planning. Currently, medical data from humanitarian medical workers are infrequently available in a format that can be analyzed, interpreted, and used for public health. Objectives This study aims to develop and test a methodology by which diagnosis and procedure codes can be derived from free-text medical encounters by medical relief practitioners for the purposes of data analysis. Methods We conduct

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Ossei-Owusu, Shaun. "Code Red." American Journal of Law & Medicine 43, no. 4 (2017): 344–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858817753404.

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The United States' health care system is mired in uncertainty. Public opinion on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) is undeniably mixed and politicized. The individual mandate, tax subsidies, and Medicaid expansion dominate the discussion. This Article argues that the ACA and reform discourse have given short shrift to a more static problem: the law of emergency care. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986 (“EMTALA”) requires most hospitals to screen patients for emergency medical conditions and provide stabilizing treatment regardless of patients' ins

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Thomas, James C., and Nabarun Dasgupta. "Ethical Pandemic Control Through the Public Health Code of Ethics." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 8 (2020): 1171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305785.

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Jia, Shuangyue, Ying Wang, Qingyu Li, and Yan Zhang. "Discussion and Countermeasures on the Application of Health Code in the Routine Prevention and Control of COVID-19." International Journal of Social Sciences and Public Administration 3, no. 1 (2024): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijsspa.v3n1.20.

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From the previous SARS to the current novel coronavirus, major public health emergencies have occurred in China one after another. With the development of The Times and the progress of society and science and technology, people are more and more aware of the importance of effective prevention and control of such incidents, and what means to adopt effective prevention and control has gradually attracted global attention. In the context of the new coronavirus epidemic, the health code, an innovative young measure, can be said to have opened up a precedent and played an irreplaceable role in Chin

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Moore, Elaine. "Code Blue." Family & Community Health 28, no. 2 (2005): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003727-200504000-00013.

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12

Halma, Matthew T. J., and Joshua Guetzkow. "Public Health Needs the Public Trust: A Pandemic Retrospective." BioMed 3, no. 2 (2023): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomed3020023.

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The COVID crisis of the past three years has greatly impacted stakeholder relationships between scientists, health providers, policy makers, pharmaceutical industry employees, and the public. Lockdowns and restrictions of civil liberties strained an already fraught relationship between the public and policy makers, with scientists also seen as complicit in providing the justification for the abrogation of civil liberties. This was compounded by the suppression of open debate over contentious topics of public interest and a violation of core bioethical principles embodied in the Nuremberg Code.

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Sing, Fiona, Sally Mackay, Angela Culpin, Sally Hughes, and Boyd Swinburn. "Food Advertising to Children in New Zealand: A Critical Review of the Performance of a Self-Regulatory Complaints System Using a Public Health Law Framework." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (2020): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051278.

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New Zealand has the second highest overweight and obese child population in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This paper evaluates whether New Zealand’s self-regulatory controls on the advertising of unhealthy food and beverages to children and young people adequately protects children from the exposure to, and power of, such marketing in order to limit its impact on children’s food and beverage preferences. First, an analysis of the relevant New Zealand Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) Codes was conducted, including the ASA Complaints Board and Appeals Bo

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Gorovitz, Eric. "Public Health and Politics: Using the Tax Code to Expand Advocacy." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 45, S1 (2017): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110517703313.

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Protecting the public's health has always been an inherently political endeavor. The field of public health, however, is conspicuously and persistently absent from sustained, sophisticated engagement in political processes, particularly elections, that determine policy outcomes. This results, in large part, from widespread misunderstanding of rules governing how, and how much, public advocates working in tax-exempt organizations can participate in public policy development.This article briefly summarizes the rules governing public policy engagement by exempt organizations. It then describes di

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Houngbo, Pamphile Thierry, Maikel Kishna, Marjolein Zweekhorst, Daton Medenou, and Joske G. F. Bunder-Aelen. "The impact of Benin’s first public procurement code and its amendment on healthcare equipment acquisition prices." Journal of Public Procurement 18, no. 4 (2018): 306–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-11-2018-018.

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PurposeTo satisfy donors and reduce public procurement acquisition prices, Benin has implemented and amended its first public procurement code guided by top-down principles of good governance.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to measure the impact of the code and its amendment on public procurement acquisition prices of health-care equipment from 1995 to 2010.FindingsA segmented linear regression analysis was performed using interrupted time-series data. The analysis shows that the code and its amendment did not reduce acquisition prices, indicating the limited impact of the code. The

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Bernheim, Ruth Gaare. "Public Health Ethics: The Voices of Practitioners." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, S4 (2003): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00768.x.

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Public health ethics is emerging as a new field of inquiry, distinct not only from public health law, but also from traditional medical ethics and research ethics. Public health professional and scholarly attention is focusing on ways that ethical analysis and a new public health code of ethics can be a resource for health professionals working in the field. This article provides a preliminary exploration of the ethical issues faced by public health professionals in day-to-day practice and of the type of ethics education and support they believe may be helpful.

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Kerr, Patrick L., and Gavin Bryant. "Use of ICD-10 Codes for Human Trafficking: Analysis of Data From a Large, Multisite Clinical Database in the United States." Public Health Reports 137, no. 1_suppl (2022): 83S—90S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549221095631.

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Objectives: People experiencing trafficking often seek health care but are not identified. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention added new International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes specific to human trafficking (hereinafter, HT ICD-10-CM codes) that could systematize the identification and documentation of human trafficking in US health care settings, the extent of their use is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the frequency of HT ICD-10-CM code use in US health care organizations (HCOs) and (2

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Menosi Gualandro, Sandra Fatima, Marco Aurélio Salvino, Lucas Bassolli de Oliveira Alves, and Thainá Jehá. "Characteristics of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients in Brazil: A retrospective administrative claims database analysis of PNH patients in Brazilian public healthcare system." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0288708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288708.

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Introduction Few studies have reported the profile of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and their care in the Brazilian health system. Objective To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with PNH in the Brazilian public health system including procedures performed, associated comorbidities and visits to health care professionals. Methods In a real-world observational, retrospective, population-based cohort study, anonymized secondary data provided by the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) were analyzed. Pa

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Lee, Lisa M., Selena E. Ortiz, Greg Pavela, and Bruce Jennings. "Public Health Code of Ethics: Deliberative Decision-Making and Reflective Practice." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 4 (2020): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305568.

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Stefanak, Matthew, Larry Frisch, and Gabriel Palmer-Fernandez. "An Organizational Code of Public Health Ethics: Practical Applications and Benefits." Public Health Reports 122, no. 4 (2007): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490712200417.

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Fan, Yuxi. "The Effect and Public Perception of Health Code and Quarantine Measures on the COVID-19 Pandemic in China." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 123 (December 24, 2024): 66–70. https://doi.org/10.54097/3d12rw37.

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Measures for preventing the spread of COVID-19 are crucial for public health, specifically when the specific cure is not available temporarily. As the pandemic's epicentre, China responded to the outbreak by promoting certain strategies against the virus, including health code, and quarantine measures. Health code identifies and highlights individuals potentially at risk of exposure to the virus, thus preventing them from entering public spaces to further transmit it. The system's strength is obvious, the integrated system allows easy access, real-time monitor the health status, and quick veri

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Benoit, Cecilia, and David Gratzer. "Code Blue: Reviving Canada's Health Care System." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 27, no. 1 (2001): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3552378.

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Joseph, Soja Reuben, and Juyoul Kim. "Radiological Dose Assessment to Members of the Public Using Consumer Products Containing Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147337.

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Various products containing a small number of added radionuclides are commonly available for use worldwide. However, frequent use of such products puts the public at risk of radiation exposure. In this study, dose assessments to members of the public using consumer products containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) were conducted for various usage scenarios to evaluate the external and internal exposure dose. Data for this study were obtained from previous literature and were statistically analyzed using Boxplot to determine the input data for assessment. A normalized value

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Trimble, Deana G., Kevin Welding, Katherine Clegg Smith, and Joanna E. Cohen. "Smoke and Scan: A Content Analysis of QR Code-Directed Websites Found on Cigarette Packs in China." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 10 (2020): 1912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa091.

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Abstract Introduction Quick Response codes, or “QR” codes, are used widely in China—for mobile payment, marketing, public transportation, and various other applications. In this study, we examined the content of websites linked from QR codes on cigarette packs collected in China. Aims and Methods In February 2017, 738 unique cigarette packs were collected from five Chinese cities (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Kunming, and Chengdu) using a systematic protocol. Cigarette packs were coded for presence of QR codes on packaging. Packs containing QR codes were then scanned using the WeChat app. Web

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Rahmawati, Eva, Tuti Herawati, and Fardhoni. "The Accuracy of Disease Code in The Medical Record in Plumbon Public Health Center." Jurnal Kesehatan Mahardika 8, no. 1 (2021): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54867/jkm.v8i1.16.

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The implementation of coding done in the medical record should be done very thoroughly, precisely and accurately according to the diagnostic code that exists in ICD-10. If there is an error in coding, it will have a bad impact on the patient, puskesmas or hospital. But in the fact found in the field there are still problems in the implementation of the accuracy of the encoding of disease diagnosis based on ICD-10. The purpose of this research is to describe the accuracy of disease code in the medical record in Puskesmas Plumbon. The population in this study was the entire quarterly medical rec

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McDonald, Clement J., Stanley M. Huff, Jeffrey G. Suico, et al. "LOINC, a Universal Standard for Identifying Laboratory Observations: A 5-Year Update." Clinical Chemistry 49, no. 4 (2003): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/49.4.624.

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Abstract The Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC®) database provides a universal code system for reporting laboratory and other clinical observations. Its purpose is to identify observations in electronic messages such as Health Level Seven (HL7) observation messages, so that when hospitals, health maintenance organizations, pharmaceutical manufacturers, researchers, and public health departments receive such messages from multiple sources, they can automatically file the results in the right slots of their medical records, research, and/or public health systems. For each obs

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Sarkar, Sameer P., and Gwen Adshead. "Protecting altruism: A call for a code of ethics in British psychiatry." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 2 (2003): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.2.95.

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Codes of ethics have existed for medicine since the time of Hippocrates. However, a written code of ethics (like a written constitution) has so far eluded British psychiatry. In this editorial we discuss the arguments for and against a code of ethics as an essential aspect of our identity as medical professionals. Our professional identity as psychiatrists is coming under scrutiny from the General Medical Council, the emergence of the user movement and the proposals in the draft Mental Health Bill. At a time when psychiatry is seen increasingly as a guardian of public safety, there has never b

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Monoshree, Sarma1* Mrinmoyee Sarma1 and Asinapuram Sindhura2. "Bovine Tuberculosis: A public health concern." Science World a monthly e magazine 3, no. 8 (2023): 1960–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8239689.

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Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial zoonotic infection caused by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </em>complex, primarily by <em>Mycobacterium bovis. </em>It is listed in the WHAO Terrestrial Animal Health Code. The disease is contagious in nature and can be transmitted by direct contact with the infected animal or by indirect contact with the contaminated materials. Bovine milk is the main source of infection for man. The disease progress slowly and takes months/ years to become fatal. Infected animal sheds the organism before the appearance of the clinical signs. The disease takes a mor

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Krasna, Heather, Malvika Venkataraman, Moriah Robins, Isabella Patino, and Jonathon P. Leider. "Standard Occupational Classification Codes: Gaps in Federal Data on the Public Health Workforce." American Journal of Public Health 114, no. 1 (2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2023.307463.

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Objectives. To determine whether US Department of Labor standard occupational classification (SOC) codes can be used for public health workforce research. Methods. We reviewed past attempts at SOC matching for public health occupations and then used the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) to match the actual job titles for 26 516 respondents to the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) with SOC codes, grouped by respondents’ choice of job category in PH WINS. We assessed the accuracy of th

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Thieren, Michel. "Nuremberg code turns 60." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 8 (2007): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.045443.

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Liu, Xinghua, Qian Ye, Ye Li, Jing Fan, and Yue Tao. "Examining Public Concerns and Attitudes toward Unfair Events Involving Elderly Travelers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Weibo Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (2021): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041756.

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The Chinese government has launched a digital health code system to detect people potentially exposed to the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease and to curb its spread. Citizens are required to show the health code on their smartphones when using public transport. However, many seniors are not allowed to use public transport due to their difficulties in obtaining health codes, leading to widespread debates about these unfair events. Traditionally, public perceptions and attitudes toward such unfair events are investigated using analytical methods based on interviews or questionnaires. This stu

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López Pontigo, Lydia, and Rosa N. Villegas-Delgadillo. "Bioethics applied in a public health research." Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA 2, no. 3 (2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v2i3.5881.

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This article highlights the importance of bioethics when a research in the field of public health is being carried out. Research in health care allows us to obtain advances such as: preventing diseases, diagnose them and treat them. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) states that Bioethics is the discipline that looks to explain ethical problems that emerge in relation to health by doing research on human beings, designing and implementing a health policy, and providing medical attention. Bioethics is not a code of precepts but an activity of analysis based on ethical principles and cr

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Gray, Hope G., and Sue S. Feldman. "288 Self-Reported Symptoms for COVID-19 Public Health Surveillance: A Window to Social Determinants of Health." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (2022): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.158.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: HelpBeatCOVID19.org, a novel self-reporting symptom tracking surveillance system, is based at the University of Alabama, Birmingham. Helpbeatcovid19.org captures social determinants of health (SDOH) data. This presentation will report research in progress to understand the utility of self-reported data with communicable disease outbreaks. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Individuals voluntarily completed an online questionnaire at HelpBeatCOVID19.org which captured SDOH data and other disease surveillance variables including zip code, gender, age group, race, ethnicity, symptoms, un

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Beck, Ben, Christina L. Ekegren, Peter Cameron, et al. "Comparing ICD-10 external cause codes for pedal cyclists with self-reported crash details." Injury Prevention 24, no. 2 (2017): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042206.

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Accurate coding of injury event information is critical in developing targeted injury prevention strategies. However, little is known about the validity of the most universally used coding system, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), in characterising crash counterparts in pedal cycling events. This study aimed to determine the agreement between hospital-coded ICD-10-AM (Australian modification) external cause codes with self-reported crash characteristics in a sample of pedal cyclists admitted to hospital following bicycle crashes. Interview responses from 141 injured cyclis

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Raphael, Eva, R. Gaynes, and Rita Hamad. "Cross-sectional analysis of place-based and racial disparities in hospitalisation rates by disease category in California in 2001 and 2011." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (2019): e031556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031556.

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ObjectivesTo study the association of place-based socioeconomic factors with disease distribution by comparing hospitalisation rates in California in 2001 and 2011 by zip code median household income.DesignSerial cross-sectional study testing the association between hospitalisation rates and zip code-level median income, with subgroup analyses by zip code income and race.Participants/settingOur study included all hospitalised adults over 18 years old living in California in 2001 and 2011 who were not pregnant or incarcerated. This included all acute-care hospitalisations in California includin

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Sonawane,, Yash. "Medicine Traceability Using QR Code." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 02 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem41872.

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Counterfeit medicines pose a significant threat to public health, resulting in estimated annual losses of billions of dollars worldwide. Ensuring the authenticity and traceability of medicines throughout the supply chain is crucial to prevent counterfeiting. This research proposes a medicine traceability system using Quick Response (QR) codes. Our system utilizes QR codes to store and retrieve information about medicines, enabling real-time tracking and verification. We evaluate the effectiveness of our system in a pilot study involving pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers.

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Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A., Björn E. Rosengren, and Martin Englund. "Fall-related mortality in southern Sweden: a multiple cause of death analysis, 1998–2014." Injury Prevention 25, no. 2 (2017): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042425.

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ObjectivesTo investigate temporal trend in fall mortality among adults (aged ≥20 years) in southern Sweden using multiple cause of death data.MethodsWe examined all death certificates (DCs, n=2 01 488) in adults recorded in the Skåne region during 1998–2014. We identified all fall deaths using International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes (W00-W19) and calculated the mortality rates by age and sex. Temporal trends were evaluated using joinpoint regression and associated causes were identified by age-adjusted and sex-adjusted observed/expected ratios.ResultsFalls were ment

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Maryati, Warsi, Novita Yuliani, Anton Susanto, Aris Octavian Wannay, and Ani Ismayani Justika. "Reduced hospital revenue due to error code diagnosis in the implementation of INA-CBGs." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 10, no. 2 (2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20690.

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In the case-mix system, diagnostic codes are used as the basis for classifying health service rates. The difference in tariffs between hospitals and the accuracy of the diagnosis code causes a gap where there are hospitals that benefit and are disadvantaged by the Indonesian case-based groups (INA-CBGs) tariff policy. This study assesses the gap factor between hospital rates and INA-CBGs rates, which include hospital characteristics and the accuracy of the diagnosis code. Samples were taken of 100 medical record documents of inpatients at two hospitals in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia in

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Warsi, Maryati, Yuliani Novita, Susanto Anton, Octavian Wannay Aris, and Ismayani Justika Ani. "Reduced hospital revenue due to error code diagnosis in the implementation of INA-CBGs." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 10, no. 2 (2021): 354~360. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20690.

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In the case-mix system, diagnostic codes are used as the basis for classifying health service rates. The difference in tariffs between hospitals and the accuracy of the diagnosis code causes a gap where there are hospitals that benefit and are disadvantaged by the Indonesian case-based groups (INA-CBGs) tariff policy. This study assesses the gap factor between hospital rates and INA-CBGs rates, which include hospital characteristics and the accuracy of the diagnosis code. Samples were taken of 100 medical record documents of inpatients at two hospitals in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia in

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Benjamin, Georges C. "Health Equity and the Public Health Code of Ethics: Rebuilding Trust from the COVID-19 Pandemic." American Journal of Bioethics 21, no. 3 (2021): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.1880156.

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Lim, Dong Woo, Jung Yun Ahn, Ga Ram Yu, Jai Eun Kim, and Won Hwan Park. "Study on the distribution in major disease category and frequency of clinical usage of national health insurance herbal prescription based on analysis on KCD8 disease code of indications." Journal of Korean Medicine 44, no. 1 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13048/jkm.23001.

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Objectives: National health insurance herbal prescription of Korean medicine has been serving important role in public healthcare in spite of continuous demand on revision of system. However, the categories of insurance herbal prescriptions are not equally distributed throughout the KCD-based major disease categories. We analyzed statistical database of claimed national health insurance classified as major disease categories by years. We classified all 56 herbal prescriptions as per their total medical indications into 22 major disease categories to analyze their distribution. Significant incr

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Bennett, Amanda C., Crystal Gibson, Angela M. Rohan, Julia F. Howland, and Kristin M. Rankin. "Mental Health and Substance Use–Related Hospitalizations Among Women of Reproductive Age in Illinois and Wisconsin." Public Health Reports 134, no. 1 (2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918812807.

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Introduction: Mental health and substance use are growing public health concerns, but established surveillance methods do not measure the burden of these conditions among women of reproductive age. We developed a standardized indicator from administrative data to identify inpatient hospitalizations related to mental health or substance use (MHSU) among women of reproductive age, as well as co-occurrence of mental health and substance use conditions among those hospitalizations. Materials and Methods: We used inpatient hospital discharge data from 2012-2014 for women aged 15-44 residing in Illi

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Penchaszadeh, Victor B., Daniel J. Kevles, and Leroy Hood. "The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project." Journal of Public Health Policy 14, no. 2 (1993): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3342970.

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Xu, Kai, and Guangdong Tian. "Codification and Prospect of China’s Codification of Environmental Law from the Perspective of Global Environmental Governance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (2022): 9978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169978.

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Global environmental governance is the fundamental way to solve the human environmental crisis. With China as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the development of China’s environmental law is a key component of global environmental governance. In order to better realize the construction of an ecological civilization, the compilation of China’s Environmental Code has been officially put on the work schedule of the legislature. The compilation of the code is a sincere action, showing that China has taken the initiative to assume its own responsibility for environmental governance.

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Karatekin, Canan, Brandon Almy, Susan Marshall Mason, Iris Borowsky, and Andrew Barnes. "Documentation of Child Maltreatment in Electronic Health Records." Clinical Pediatrics 57, no. 9 (2017): 1041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922817743571.

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International Classification of Diseases codes for child maltreatment can aid surveillance and research, but the extent to which they are used is not well established. We documented prevalence of the use of maltreatment-related codes, examined demographic characteristics of youth assigned these codes, and compared results with previous studies. Data were extracted from electronic health records of 0- to 21-year-olds assigned 1 of 15 maltreatment-related International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes who had encounters in a large medical system over a 4-year period. Only 0.02%

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Devisch, Ignaas. "An open future? The principle of autonomy within medical ‘codes of conduct’ versus the heteronomy effects of predictive medicine." Open Medicine 3, no. 2 (2008): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-008-0023-0.

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AbstractTraditionally, the average code of conduct within Western health care starts from the autonomy of the patient. In addition, medicine today is ‘evidence based’ and the patient is an ‘informed consent’. Yet, the individual autonomy of the patient in health care is not simply enhancing today. Quite a few fundamental changes have and are currently at work within health care, which I will summarize here with the paradigm of predictive medicine. One of the characteristics of this paradigm is the increase of medical consults which are not autonomously chosen by an individual. For reasons of p

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Ghedamu, Tsion Berhane, and Benjamin Mason Meier. "Assessing National Public Health Law to Prevent Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Immunization Law as a Basis for Global Health Security." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, no. 3 (2019): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519876174.

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Immunization plays a crucial role in global health security, preventing public health emergencies of international concern and protecting individuals from infectious disease outbreaks, yet these critical public health benefits are dependent on immunization law. Where public health law has become central to preventing, detecting, and responding to infectious disease, public health law reform is seen as necessary to implement the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA). This article examines national immunization laws as a basis to implement the GHSA and promote the public's health, analyzing the s

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Hennink, Monique M., Bonnie N. Kaiser, and Vincent C. Marconi. "Code Saturation Versus Meaning Saturation." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 4 (2016): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732316665344.

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Saturation is a core guiding principle to determine sample sizes in qualitative research, yet little methodological research exists on parameters that influence saturation. Our study compared two approaches to assessing saturation: code saturation and meaning saturation. We examined sample sizes needed to reach saturation in each approach, what saturation meant, and how to assess saturation. Examining 25 in-depth interviews, we found that code saturation was reached at nine interviews, whereby the range of thematic issues was identified. However, 16 to 24 interviews were needed to reach meanin

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Teichman, Ronald F. "ACOEM Code of Ethical Conduct." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 39, no. 7 (1997): 614–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199707000-00005.

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Plante, Timothy B., Insu Koh, and Andrew D. Wilcock. "Concordance of Rural Identity and ZIP Code‐Linked Rural‐Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Code." Journal of Rural Health 36, no. 2 (2020): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12427.

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