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DiPietro Mager, Natalie. "Expanding Pharmacy Services to Support Public Health." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 12, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v12i4.4370.
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Pharmacists have had long-standing roles in public health, and the COVID-19 pandemic has broadened and accentuated their efforts in this area. Many pharmacists may be interested to expand pharmacy services to further support public health. While not intending to be exhaustive, this paper suggests potential areas for increased engagement and provides ideas for pharmacists who want develop and implement new initiatives to optimize the health of their patients and communities. The core functions of public health and the natural history of disease are presented as models to identify opportunities for pharmacists’ interventions. A three-step framework with practical strategies and helpful resources is proposed to identify and operationalize new services. Finally, the pharmacist’s role in clinical-community linkages is presented. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate additional ideas and actions in the pharmacy community to support public health.
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DiPietro Mager, Natalie, David Bright, and Allie Jo Shipman. "Beyond Contraception: Pharmacist Roles to Support Maternal Health." Pharmacy 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10060163.
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While contraception prescribing by pharmacists has seen rapid growth in recent years, pharmacist-provided services that can impact maternal health encompass more than just contraception. Each phase of maternal health—preconception, pregnancy, and post-pregnancy—has unique needs, and pharmacists are well equipped to provide services to meet those needs and are more accessible than other healthcare providers. While pharmacist-provided maternal health services may lead to significant savings to the healthcare system, additional research to more fully capture the value of pharmacist-provided maternal health services is needed. Robust implementation of a pharmacist-provided maternal health services program will require partnerships between providers, payers, and pharmacists. Infant and maternal mortality, preterm birth, and unintended pregnancies are significant public health issues, and pharmacists should be seen as a capable workforce who can provide needed maternal health care and serve as a gateway into the healthcare system for those capable of pregnancy.
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Regmi, Pramod R., Amudha Poobalan, Padam Simkhada, and Edwin Van Teijlingen. "PhD supervision in Public Health." Health Prospect 20, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v20i1.32735.
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Roles of PhD supervisors are diverse, ranging from providing in-depth discipline-specific Public Health knowledge and technical (e.g., methodological) support to the students, encouraging them towards publications or conference presentations, offering pastoral support for student wellbeing, and finally preparing them to defend their thesis by conducting a mock viva. Effective supervision plays a vital role in a PhD journey reflecting on the quality of the PhD work, positive PhD experience, and supervisor-student relationship. While some student-supervisors team may encounter conflicting and challenging relationships, many relationships between PhD supervisor(s) and students progress into mentorship through joint publications and grant applications, career advice, and support establishing wider collaborative networks. Drawing from the wider experiences of the authors, this article highlights the responsibilities, opportunities, and sometimes the challenging nature of being a PhD supervisor. This reflection will inform good practices for PhD supervisors in countries including Nepal, where the numbers of PhD students in the field of Public Health is steadily increasing.
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Lawes-Wickwar, Sadie, and Suhana Begum. "Working in public health as a health psychologist: Challenges, solutions and opportunities." Health Psychology Update 29, no. 1 (2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpu.2020.29.1.5.
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Local government public health offers an environment rich with opportunities for applying the principles of health psychology to local health challenges, conducting impactful research, and training others in the use of behavioural techniques to support behaviour change among local populations. Indeed, the authors were inspired to begin their own health psychology journeys from their work in local authorities and have worked in public health roles as qualified health psychologists since. The shift towards applying principles from behavioural and social sciences across public health practice supports the need for more health psychologists to work within public health settings. The authors reflect on some of the challenges arising from working in such multidisciplinary settings and offer some ideas going forward.
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Lee, Lauren E., Kathryn Greene, Maria K. Venetis, Allyson C. Bontempo, Danielle Catona, Alexandre Buckley de Meritens, and Katie A. Devine. "Aligned and Divergent Perceptions of Support Persons’ Role in Triadic Gynecologic Cancer Communication." Qualitative Health Research 32, no. 4 (January 8, 2022): 710–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211066868.
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Health care providers routinely advise cancer patients to involve support persons in oncology care to fulfill critical support roles. This qualitative descriptive study explored alignment of triadic perceptions of support person involvement in oncology treatment visits and cancer-related care from the perspectives of patients with gynecologic cancer ( n = 18), regular visit-attending support people ( n = 16), and health care providers ( n = 10), including oncologists, nurses, and medical assistants. Semi-structured interviews ( N = 44) captured perceptions of facilitation and interference of support persons' roles within and outside appointments with oncology providers. Thematic analyses revealed alignment and divergence regarding support persons' instrumental, informational, and emotional support behaviors. Perspectives aligned regarding what support functions companions provide. However, patients and support persons emphasized the significance of instrumental followed by informational and emotional support, whereas oncology providers highlighted informational, followed by emotional and instrumental support. Discussion provides insight into each role’s perspective in the triad.
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Tanigawa, Koichi, Jacques Lochard, May Abdel-Wahab, and Malcolm J. Crick. "Roles and Activities of International Organizations After the Fukushima Accident." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 2_suppl (November 15, 2016): 90S—98S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539516675699.
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After the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, overseas experts and representatives of international organizations visited Japan to provide advice, technical support, and resources. Several international meetings on radiological protection and health issues have since been held in Fukushima to provide further advice. The content discussed has changed alongside local developments in health-related issues from radiation health effects and radiological protection to risk communication and psychological, public health, and social issues. The support of international organizations and experts has been valuable in implementing public health and support programs in Fukushima. The Fukushima accident showed that after a nuclear accident, authorities need to balance the risks of radiation with other health effects and develop programs to mitigate the overall effects on health (whole-health management), but there was little evidence of the importance of this at the time. Future research should examine international collaboration to assess this.
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Kuijken, N. M. J., K. Vlot-van Anrooij, H. M. J. van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, G. Leusink, J. Naaldenberg, and M. W. Nijhuis-van der Sanden. "Stakeholder expectations, roles and responsibilities in Dutch health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities." Health Promotion International 34, no. 5 (September 7, 2018): e59-e70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day059.
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Summary This two-phase, qualitative study aims to obtain an overview of stakeholders in the network of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and their perceived facilitating and hindering factors, expectations, and perceived roles and responsibilities with regard to health promotion. In phase 1, four workshops were conducted to provide insight into involved stakeholders. In phase 2, 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders regarding their views on health promotion. Data were analysed using stakeholder matrices and a combination of domain and thematic analysis. Daily caregivers were identified as the most important and influential stakeholders. Interviewed stakeholders perceived barriers to a healthy lifestyle as relating mainly to the person with ID and, although they stated that people with ID need support to be able to live healthily, there was ambiguity about roles and responsibilities for providing this support. Daily caregivers are not properly facilitated to support a healthy lifestyle. Stakeholders expressed the need for a culture change towards a greater health promotion ethos in care for people with ID. A facilitating context is needed in which the social network supports autonomy and offers opportunities to adapt to physical, social and emotional challenges. Stakeholders see the importance of, and are willing to support, healthy behaviour. They are hindered by a lack of a shared vision and united system in which all stakeholders know their roles and responsibilities. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle should be part of every service provider employee’s job and propagated throughout the organization as part of its mission and vision.
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Stute, Michelle, Andrea Hurwood, Julie Hulcombe, and Pim Kuipers. "Defining the role and scope of practice of allied health assistants within Queensland public health services." Australian Health Review 37, no. 5 (2013): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13042.
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Background The uptake and utilisation of allied health assistants as professional support staff has been variable across disciplines and jurisdictions. Although they are potentially very important in the current health workforce context, there is little agreement on their roles or the most suitable methods to define these roles. Method Based on a review of literature, existing role descriptions and focus groups, a Delphi survey process was undertaken. This process comprising three rounds of discussion and clarification via email, with between 107 and 188 participants, was undertaken to define and establish consensus on allied health assistant roles at three levels. Results Three cycles of editing, qualitative feedback and rating of agreement with statements resulted in substantial clarification of roles and a meaningful degree of consensus regarding the role and scope of such positions. High levels of agreement were not reached for more high-level or contested clinical tasks. Conclusions The Delphi process resulted in key tasks and roles being defined and contentious aspects clearly identified. The process facilitated engagement with workforce members most closely affected by these questions. It was a useful means of drawing together the opinions of the workforce and informing implementation trials to follow. What is known about the topic? Allied health assistants are important members of health teams. Current developments in health services necessitate considerable growth in these positions. The role and scope of practice of allied health assistants is poorly defined and varies between disciplines, settings and facilities, which threatens the establishment of these positions. What does this paper add? This study describes a methodology used to define the role and scope of practice of allied health support staff, which resulted in high levels of consensus and documentation of concerns regarding these positions. Tasks and roles have been defined at different allied health assistant position levels. What are the implications for practitioners? The definition of roles and establishment of scope of practice of emerging positions can be substantially advanced by well researched and widely consultative methods. For more advanced allied health assistant positions to be effectively implemented, tasks relating to treatment, leadership, documentation, assessment and team participation must be clearly elucidated and agreed.
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Bellamy, Claire, and Aileen Watson. "Reversing the roles." Groupwork 23, no. 3 (November 15, 2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v23i3.768.
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<p><i>Groupwork in a criminal justice setting has traditionally taken the form of a group of offenders undertaking a programme of structured work facilitated by (usually two) professionals. Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA) represent a departure from this traditional model. The COSA model uses a group of volunteers to form a ‘Circle’ around an offender who is viewed as being very much part of the group. The approach is currently being used in the UK as part of the risk management process for convicted sex offenders who are experiencing social isolation, a factor that has been linked to the risk of re-offending. The goal of our research was to understand the COSA group process and this article presents a study of a relatively new and different approach to groupwork within criminal justice. We looked at the expectations and opinions of both core group members and volunteers to make some assessment of how this non- traditional form of groupwork operates. The research presented an almost entirely positive picture of COSA from the perspective of both the volunteers and the core group members. All Core members (and we acknowledge that the research focus is a small group of male offenders) felt that the group experience offered them support and a sense of belonging that had previously been missing in their lives.</i></p>
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Tobin, Margaret, Luxin Chen, and Julie L. Edwards. "Improving the utilisation of bilingual counsellors within a public sector mentalhealth service." Australian Health Review 23, no. 2 (2000): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000190.
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An urban, public sector Area Mental Health Program reviewed its own bilingual counsellor programas part of an Area-wide quality improvement project, and found that the counsellors' roles needed tobe better defined; that mainstream staff needed to have more access to their expertise as culturalconsultants; and that their function as an Area team, rather than as service based staff, needed to beencouraged. The bilingual counsellors decided to take up this challenge, and with the support of theArea Director of Mental Health, worked together to redefine their roles.
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Castelli, Darla M., and Latrice Sales Mitchell. "Chapter 7: Selective Integration: Roles for Public Health, Kinesiology, and Physical Education." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 40, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2020-0245.
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The authors explore the priorities for American physical education in the 21st century and reconsider the role of physical education teacher education. Purpose: This chapter will discuss the potential intersection of kinesiology, physical education, and public health with the assumption that their selective integration has the potential to stimulate the development of innovative pedagogical practices and new program designs. Method: A narrative summary of published works was used to support the rationale for reciprocal selective integration to increase the impact of physical education, kinesiology, and public health efforts to enhance health and well-being. Results: The practices and programs should be specialized and pedagogically focused to advance integrative, community-based approaches designed to achieve the national physical education standards and improve health and well-being. These new approaches are timely and essential in schools and communities, especially those where children and families experience adversity. Discussion/Conclusion: There are many ways in which selective integration can transpire. A redesign of physical education teacher education is warranted and timely.
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Cox, Marilyn, Deborah Norris, Heidi Cramm, Rachel Richmond, and Gregory S. Anderson. "Public Safety Personnel Family Resilience: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095224.
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The families of public safety personnel (PSP) face demands that are unique to these occupations. Nonstandard work, trauma exposure, and dangerous work environments affect both workers and the families who support them. This narrative review aims to identify the stressors that PSP families experience and the support and resources needed to enhance family resilience. Due to a lack of research on PSP families, this review is a necessary first step to summarizing and interpreting a diverse body of research. The studies included addressed structural and emotional work-family conflict with reference to PSP sectors. A framework from the military family resiliency literature interprets the findings. Factors influencing family functioning and the availability and accessibility of resources provide clues about the type of skills and supports that PSP families rely on. Meaning-making, collaboration, a sense of coherence, and communication were identified as themes associated with intrafamilial processes. Extrafamilial themes included public perceptions, a lack of recognition for the roles families fulfill, and the need for information and education. The results suggest that the vulnerability of PSP families is variable and extrafamilial resources in the form of formal and informal supports are necessary to enhance family resiliency.
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Cox, Marilyn, Deborah Norris, Heidi Cramm, Rachel Richmond, and Gregory S. Anderson. "Public Safety Personnel Family Resilience: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095224.
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The families of public safety personnel (PSP) face demands that are unique to these occupations. Nonstandard work, trauma exposure, and dangerous work environments affect both workers and the families who support them. This narrative review aims to identify the stressors that PSP families experience and the support and resources needed to enhance family resilience. Due to a lack of research on PSP families, this review is a necessary first step to summarizing and interpreting a diverse body of research. The studies included addressed structural and emotional work-family conflict with reference to PSP sectors. A framework from the military family resiliency literature interprets the findings. Factors influencing family functioning and the availability and accessibility of resources provide clues about the type of skills and supports that PSP families rely on. Meaning-making, collaboration, a sense of coherence, and communication were identified as themes associated with intrafamilial processes. Extrafamilial themes included public perceptions, a lack of recognition for the roles families fulfill, and the need for information and education. The results suggest that the vulnerability of PSP families is variable and extrafamilial resources in the form of formal and informal supports are necessary to enhance family resiliency.
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Núñez-Baila, María de los Ángeles, Anjhara Gómez-Aragón, and José Rafael González-López. "Social Support and Peer Group Integration of Adolescents with Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042064.
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The aim of this study was to examine, through the roles of peers with regards to diabetes, the relationship between the support perceived by adolescents with diabetes and their peer-group affiliation. This is a descriptive, phenomenological and retrospective study based on a qualitative methodology. In-depth interviews with 15 people aged 18–35 with type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed in their childhood or adolescence were carried out. Data was analyzed through the interpretation of general discourses. Peers have considerable influence on adolescents and provide them social support from different roles. The protective role basically offers emotional support and sends reminders of different aspects of the treatment, while the indifferent role does not meddle in any aspect related to the diabetes. Both roles can foster social integration of adolescents with diabetes into the peer group. The offender role creates social conflicts through discrimination and stigma of adolescents with diabetes. These roles appear during the process of socialization of adolescents with diabetes, where commensality and situations of self-monitoring or administering insulin, key aspect of diabetes treatment, are crucial. Peer groups, depending on the role adopted, may offer support or bring a specific conflict regarding diabetes to their adolescent peer. The combination of roles that friends and peer group play with regards to diabetes will determine the degree of socialization and integration of adolescents with diabetes.
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Rokicki-Parashar, Jesse, Anuradha Phadke, Cati Brown-Johnson, Olivia Jee, Amelia Sattler, Elise Torres, and Malathi Srinivasan. "Transforming Interprofessional Roles During Virtual Health Care: The Evolving Role of the Medical Assistant, in Relationship to National Health Profession Competency Standards." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272110042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211004285.
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Introduction: Medical assistants (MAs) were once limited to obtaining vital signs and office work. Now, MAs are foundational to team-based care, interacting with patients, systems, and teams in many ways. The transition to Virtual Health during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a further rapid and unique shift of MA roles and responsibilities. We sought to understand the impact of this shift and to place their new roles in the context of national professional competency standards. Methods: In this qualitative, grounded theory study we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 MAs at 10 primary care sites at a major academic medical center on their experiences during the shift from in-person to virtual care. MAs were selected by convenience sample. Coding was done in Dedoose version 8.335. Consensus-based inductive and deductive approaches were used for interview analysis. Identified MA roles were compared to national MA, Institute of Medicine, physician, and nursing professional competency domains. Results: Three main themes emerged: Role Apprehension, Role Expansion, and Adaptability/Professionalism. Nine key roles emerged in the context of virtual visits: direct patient care (pre-visit and physical care), panel management, health systems ambassador, care coordination, patient flow coordination, scribing, quality improvement, and technology support. While some prior MA roles were limited by the virtual care shift, the majority translated directly or expanded in virtual care. Identified roles aligned better with Institute of Medicine, physician, and nursing professional competencies, than current national MA curricula. Conclusions: The transition to Virtual Health decreased MA’s direct clinical work and expanded other roles within interprofessional care, notably quality improvement and technology support. Comparison of the current MA roles with national training program competencies identified new leadership and teamwork competencies which could be expanded during MA training to better support MA roles on inter-professional teams.
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Gray-Burrows, Kara A., Thomas A. Willis, Robbie Foy, Martin Rathfelder, Pauline Bland, Allison Chin, Susan Hodgson, et al. "Role of patient and public involvement in implementation research: a consensus study." BMJ Quality & Safety 27, no. 10 (April 17, 2018): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006954.
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BackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is often an essential requirement for research funding. Distinctions can be drawn between clinical research, which generally focuses on patients, and implementation research, which generally focuses on health professional behaviour. There is uncertainty about the role of PPI in this latter field. We explored and defined the roles of PPI in implementation research to inform relevant good practice guidance.MethodsWe used a structured consensus process using a convenience sample panel of nine experienced PPI and two researcher members. We drew on available literature to identify 21 PPI research roles. The panel rated their agreement with roles independently online in relation to both implementation and clinical research. Disagreements were discussed at a face-to-face meeting prior to a second online rating of all roles. Median scores were calculated and a final meeting held to review findings and consider recommendations.ResultsTen panellists completed the consensus process. For clinical research, there was strong support and consensus for the role of PPI throughout most of the research process. For implementation research, there were eight roles with consensus and strong support, seven roles with consensus but weaker support and six roles with no consensus. There were more disagreements relating to PPI roles in implementation research compared with clinical research. PPI was rated as contributing less to the design and management of implementation research than for clinical research.ConclusionsThe roles of PPI need to be tailored according to the nature of research to ensure authentic and appropriate involvement. We provide a framework to guide the planning, conduct and reporting of PPI in implementation research, and encourage further research to evaluate its use.
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Trout, Kate E., Virginia Chaidez, and Angela L. Palmer-Wackerly. "Rural-Urban Differences in Roles and Support for Community Health Workers in the Midwest." Family & Community Health 43, no. 2 (2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000255.
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Ashiru-Oredope, D., T. Harrison, E. Wright, R. Osman, C. Narh, U. Okereke, E. Harvey, et al. "Barriers and facilitators to pharmacy professionals’ specialist public health roles: a mixed methods UK-wide pharmaceutical public health evidence review." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii2—ii3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.001.
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Abstract Introduction Pharmaceutical Public Health (PPH) is defined as “the application of pharmaceutical knowledge, skills and resources to the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting, protecting and improving health for all through organised efforts of society”.1 In the UK (and globally) pharmacy professionals (PPs) contribute to the delivery of local and national public/population health (PH) interventions.2,3 However, little is known to what extent PPs have specialist/advanced roles within PH practice. Aim The mixed methods review, commissioned by the UK Chief Pharmaceutical Officers in 2020, aimed to explore PPs’ specialist PH contributions including barriers and opportunities. Methods Databases available through PubMed were searched to retrieve articles published in English (2011- 2021) on seven topics including: emergency preparedness resilience and response (EPRR); integrating pharmacy to better support public health protection and improvement goals; public health skills and mitigating health inequalities. Two independent electronic surveys were developed, piloted and deployed for pharmacy and public health specialists via email cascade and social media. The surveys explored the extent to which PPs are involved in PH roles including the barriers and opportunities. Descriptive statistics summarised the data, and open-ended responses were themed. The NHS Health Research Authority tool identified this project did not require ethical approval as the surveys were service evaluation. Results Rapid Evidence reviews: Following assessment of 2,542 articles, 448 evidence statements were extracted from 135 relevant articles. They were predominantly from USA (39%) and UK (29%), with fewer high-quality reviews (17) or guidance (12), than moderate/low-quality reviews (42), single studies (33), or quantitative research (33). Common themes of PPs’ contributions included: surveillance and intelligence gathering; advocacy for their communities; signposting; delivery of health improvement and protection services; supporting people with long-term-conditions; and EPRR. Barriers identified included: limited public and professional awareness of pharmacy’s contribution to public health and under-resourced PH training. Pharmacy and PH professionals Surveys: There were UK-wide responses from 128 PPs and 37 PH specialists. Opportunities identified by PPs included: PH areas they directly contribute to (45%); qualifications, knowledge and skills (27%); strategic position in the community (19%), recent changing health landscape (4%). Barriers included lack of defined career pathway (20%); poor professional recognition (18%); limited resources (16%); lack of training and support (15%) and organisational and structural barriers (10%). PH specialists identified at least 12 areas from the Faculty of PH’s functions and standards, they believed additional benefits would be realised by PPs working directly within PH teams. Although only 40% PH specialists had PPs working within their teams, 83% stated that it would be beneficial or very beneficial to have PPs specialising in PH. Discussion/Conclusion Dedicated PPH training and system-wide leadership are required to fully realise population-level benefits. Low responses to the surveys present a study limitation, however, there was consensus from the themes emerging from both surveys and rapid evidence reviews findings. Pharmacy professionals make specialist contributions to PH despite barriers. Further investigation is required to identify how best to deploy advanced PPH resources. Future qualitative studies should be considered. References 1. Walker, R. Pharmaceutical public health: the end of pharmaceutical care? The Pharmaceutical Journal 2000;264:340–1. 2. PHE (2017). Pharmacy: A Way Forward for Public Health https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/community-pharmacy-public-health-interventions (accessed 31 July 2021) 3. Thomson K, Hillier-Brown F, Walton N, Bilaj M, Bambra C, Todd A. The effects of community pharmacy-delivered public health interventions on population health and health inequalities: A review of reviews. Prev Med. 2019 Jul;124:98-109.
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Cohen, Nevin. "Roles of Cities in Creating Healthful Food Systems." Annual Review of Public Health 43, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052220-021059.
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Over the past several decades, cities worldwide have attempted to reconfigure their food systems to improve public health, advance social justice, and promote environmental resilience using diverse municipal policies, often with the support of stakeholder-led governance mechanisms such as food policy councils. This article reviews the roles that cities have played in creating healthful urban food systems and the effects of those policies on public health. It explains that despite wide-ranging policy initiatives, disparities in food insecurity and malnourishment persist. It concludes by describing several promising pathways for urban food policy: engaging in food-focused urban planning to create equitable food environments; treating policies to address inequality and social justice as upstream food policies; considering the effects of new business models such as online food retail in urban food policy making; and using food procurement as a lever to influence regional, national, and global food systems.
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Layton, Natasha, Jackie O’Connor, Amy Fitzpatrick, and Sharon Carey. "Towards Co-Design in Delivering Assistive Technology Interventions: Reconsidering Roles for Consumers, Allied Health Practitioners, and the Support Workforce." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 14408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114408.
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A complexity of factors, from health and technology innovations to policy redesign to achieve consumer-directed care, are impacting traditional roles for Australian allied health practitioners (AHPs). This pilot study considers roles for AHPs in relation to assistive technology (AT) interventions. Articulating ‘who does what’ may serve a number of purposes including de-professionalization of the discourse; better utilization of support networks and workforces; and alignment with contemporary policy. Yet, a suitable framework to assist with collaborative AT implementation between relevant stakeholders was not identified within the existing literature. This research aimed to develop and pilot an AT collaboration tool which enables AHPs, consumers, their support networks and the support workforce, to navigate policy redesign toward ethical consumer-directed implementation of AT interventions. An AT collaboration tool was developed based upon practice-based knowledge, relevant regulatory and practice evidence and identifies relevant stakeholders, AT service steps and roles, and quality indicators to support competent practice. The tool was piloted in four separate and diverse practice analyses of AT interventions (custom prosthetics, home enteral nutrition, communication devices, and vehicle modifications) considering four allied health professions (prosthetics and orthotics, dietetics, speech pathology, occupational therapy). Pilot testing of the tool supports the feasibility of re-framing AT provision using competency-based and risk-informed approaches and enabling more inclusive roles for consumers and the support workforce. Further testing of the tool is indicated, followed by strategic actions for uptake by individuals, professions and policymakers. The AT collaboration tool has potential to enable AHPs to fulfil ethical obligations for consumer-centered practice, and to facilitate consumer choice, both in Australia and internationally.
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Chen, Xin, Mengge Li, Huoliang Gong, Zekun Zhang, and Wei Wang. "Factors Influencing Adolescent Anxiety: The Roles of Mothers, Teachers and Peers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 13234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413234.
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Grounded in social–ecological system theory, the present study tested the mediating effects of maternal psychological flexibility and mother–adolescent attachment on the relationship between maternal adult attachment and adolescent anxiety as well as the moderating effects of teacher support and peer support on the relationship between mother–adolescent attachment and adolescent anxiety. In total, 1139 Chinese mothers and adolescents completed a set of questionnaires, including the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results revealed that maternal adult attachment had a positive impact on adolescent anxiety. The relationship between maternal adult attachment and adolescent anxiety was chain mediated by maternal psychological flexibility and mother–adolescent attachment. In addition, teacher support and peer support had moderating effects on the relationship between mother–adolescent attachment and adolescent anxiety. These findings support the systematic social ecosystem perspective and highlight the differences in the effects of different maternal adult attachment styles, teacher support, and peer support on adolescent anxiety.
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Sampat, Bhaven N. "The Government and Pharmaceutical Innovation: Looking Back and Looking Ahead." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 49, no. 1 (2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2021.3.
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AbstractCurrent debates about the roles of the public and private sectors in pharmaceutical innovation have a long history. The extent to which, and ways in which, the public sector supports drug innovation has implications for assessments of the returns to public research funding, taxpayer rights in drugs, the argument the high prices are needed to support drug innovation, and the desirability of patenting publicly funded research.
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Cernasev, Alina, Meghana Aruru, Suzanne Clark, Komal Patel, Natalie DiPietro Mager, Vaiyapuri Subramaniam, and Hoai-An Truong. "Empowering Public Health Pharmacy Practice—Moving from Collaborative Practice Agreements to Provider Status in the U.S." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010057.
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This article describes the history and evolution of pharmacist-physician collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) in the United States with future directions to support pharmacists’ provider status as the profession continues to evolve from product-oriented to patient-centered care and population health. The pharmacy profession has a long history of dispensing and compounding, with the addition of clinical roles in the late 20th century. These clinical roles have continued to expand into diverse arenas such as communicable and non-communicable diseases, antimicrobial stewardship, emergency preparedness and response, public health education and health promotion, and critical and emergency care. Pharmacists continue to serve as integral members of interprofessional and interdisciplinary healthcare teams. In this context, CPAs allow pharmacists to expand their roles in patient care and may be considered as a step towards securing provider status. Moving beyond CPAs to a provider status would enable pharmacists to be reimbursed for cognitive services and promote integrated public health delivery models.
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Wegener, Jessica, and Marilyne Petitclerc. "Opportunities and Challenges for Practical Training in Public Health: Insights from Practicum Coordinators in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 79, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2018-014.
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Dietetic educators and practicum coordinators (PC) play critical roles in preparing students for practice. Dietitians have made significant progress in the development of educational curricula, competencies, and other resources to support knowledge and skill attainment in public health. There are identified gaps in the literature concerning practical training in sustainable food systems and public health, creating barriers in knowledge exchange and improvements in practicum programs in Canada. This paper discusses the potential opportunities and challenges associated with the number of placements for practical training in public health based on interviews with PCs in Ontario. The findings are limited to the perspectives of 7 PCs with experience in practical training and are a starting point for ongoing evaluation. Identified opportunities within traditional and “emerging settings” for practical training in public health included: the uniqueness of the experience, the potential for students to learn outside their comfort zones, and greater possibilities for dietitians in new roles and settings. Challenges included the need for significant PC engagement with nondietetic preceptors and a narrow view of dietetic practice among some dietitians. Interprofessional teams, emerging settings, and flexible learning approaches may create and support practical training opportunities in food systems and public health going forward.
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Hawley, Suzanne R. "Using adaptive leadership principles to support Public Health 3.0 in multidisciplinary undergraduate education." Leadership in Health Services 34, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-07-2020-0051.
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Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered public health vulnerabilities worldwide, particularly in the hard-hit USA. US public health professionals, regardless of role, may need to exercise leadership in both planned and unexpected situations. This model of practice outside of traditional roles, known as Public Health 3.0, requires adaptive leadership – a systems approach to making progress on complex challenges. Educational programs should improve students’ adaptive leadership competency to prepare them for the public health workforce. This paper aims to provide an educational framework for implementing adaptive leadership instruction for undergraduate students. Design/methodology/approach This paper used experiential and traditional instructional strategies and adaptive leadership competencies to develop a semester-length leadership course for undergraduate students in health, nursing, social science, business and education. Adaptive leadership principles were learned and practiced, preparing students for systemic challenges through the lens of Public Health 3.0. Competencies were assessed pre- and post-semester. Findings Of 248 students, 72% were health professions majors. Students reported pre-post scores on 29 measures of competency, interest, learning and behavioral change. Quantitative evaluations identified statistically significant improvement in all domains. Additional quantitative feedback indicated improvement on the three Kirkpatrick levels of evaluation assessed (reaction, learning and behavior). Originality/value Tiered evaluation methods indicated that this leadership course enhanced participants’ self-reported adaptive leadership learning and competency, as well as intention and ability to translate learning into practice. A broad spectrum of competency development is needed for students entering practice in the Public Health 3.0 era, particularly related to pandemic response.
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Klages, Debra, Leah East, Kim Usher, and Debra Jackson. "Health Professionals as Mothers of Adult Children With Schizophrenia." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 12 (July 10, 2020): 1807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320936990.
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In this qualitative narrative study, we critically reflected upon mothering experiences of health professionals with adult children with schizophrenia. Thirteen participants from Australia, Canada, Scotland, and the United States were interviewed. The thematic analysis of the interviews resulted in one overarching theme—mothering in the context of uncertainty: unbalancing and rebalancing as mothers, and three major themes: disrupted mothering, reconfigured mothering, and resolute mothering. The findings suggested participants experienced difficulties in separating their professional role from their maternal responsibilities. The mothers gained expertise by using their dual knowledge to advocate for and support their children’s mental health. The mothers’ dual roles had a positive impact on their relatedness to others within their professional practice. Health care organizations might benefit from the expertise of health professionals with dual roles in the development of support, care, treatment, and delivery of services for people and their family members who live with schizophrenia.
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Dwyer, John J. M., Denise Vavaroutsos, Ann Lutterman, Michelle Hier, May Hughes, and Mary-Jo Makarchuk. "Empowerment Evaluation in Redesigning A Public Health Unit Nutrition Program." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 67, no. 1 (March 2006): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/67.1.2006.36.
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This article illustrates how empowerment evaluation was used in Toronto Public Health’s (TPH) nutrition programming redesign to consult with staff about how roles, responsibilities, and organisational structure could be changed to improve how nutrition programs are delivered. One of three moderators facilitated the ten two-hour focus group sessions in TPH. TPH staff, namely 71 front-line staff and 13 managers who were responsible for providing community nutrition services, participated in the study. Focus group participants included Public Health Dietitians, Public Health Nutritionists, Public Health Nurses (PHNs), and paraprofessionals (i.e., community nutrition assistants). Participants’ preferred roles, responsibilities, and organisational structure in TPH, which they believe would improve nutrition service delivery in the community, were examined. A constant comparison approach was used to develop themes inductively. It was found that participants wanted Dietitians and Nutritionists to provide current nutrition-related information to them. They felt that nutrition programs should be promoted better and made more accessible to the public. They suggested that Dietitians and Nutritionists and other staff should share information with each other better. They suggested that Dietitians and Nutritionists should provide nutrition services directly to the public and provide support to other staff, mainly PHNs, who deliver nutrition programs. In conclusion, this empowerment evaluation produced results that were used to assist in decision making about nutrition programming.
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Engelund, Gitte, Ulla Møller Hansen, and Ingrid Willaing. "“The Health Education Juggler”." Health Education 114, no. 5 (July 29, 2014): 398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-09-2013-0052.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore educator competencies and roles needed to perform participatory patient education, and develop a comprehensive model describing this. Design/methodology/approach – Data collection in the qualitative study proceeded through two phases. In the first phase, 28 educators were involved in exploring educator competencies needed to perform participatory, group-based patient education. The paper used qualitative methods: dialogue workshops, interviews and observations. In the second phase, 310 educators were involved in saturating and validating the insights from phase one using workshop techniques such as brainstorming, reflection exercises and the story-dialogue method. A grounded theory approach was used to analyse data. Findings – A model called “The Health Education Juggler” was developed comprising four educator roles necessary to perform participatory patient education: the Embracer, the Facilitator, the Translator and the Initiator. The validity of the model was confirmed in phase two by educators and showed fit, grab, relevance, workability and modifiability. Practical implications – The model provides a tool that can be used to support the focus on “juggling” skills in educators: the switching between different educator roles when performing participatory, group-based patient education. The model is useful as an analytical tool for reflection and supervision, as well as for observation and evaluation of participatory, group-based patient education. Originality/value – The study proposes a comprehensive model consisting of four equally important roles for educators performing participatory, group-based patient education.
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Bovopoulos, Nataly, Anthony D. LaMontagne, Angela Martin, and Anthony Jorm. "Exploring the role of mental health first aid officers in workplaces." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 11, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 366–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-06-2018-0082.
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Purpose An emerging trend in Australian workplaces is to appoint staff trained in mental health first aid as mental health first aid officers (MHFAOs), similar to physical first aid officers (PFAOs) focused on physical health emergencies. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the nature of MHFAO roles in workplaces and develop recommendations for other workplaces. Design/methodology/approach A case study methodology was used, with semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with multiple individuals within five diverse organisations. Findings The results indicated that organisations tended to differ in their approach to implementation, based on their level of experience. There was a strong agreement across organisations on the benefits and challenges they have experienced with the role. Practical implications Organisational representatives highlighted some important differences between PFAO and MHFAO roles. Respondents across all organisations agreed that MHFA training should ideally be offered to all staff if feasible, not only MHFAOs. The greatest challenge experienced by respondents was inadequate support to, and internal resourcing for, MHFAO roles. Respondents suggested that workplaces provide more support and training to MHFAOs. Originality/value This is the first study to explore and describe the experiences of workplaces with MHFAOs. Recommendations are made to assist interested organisations in these efforts.
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Omar, Farehan, and Aizzat Mohd Nasurdin. "Nurses Support in Reducing Working Stress Among Medical Doctors in Public Hospitals: Conceptualizing Job Demands-Resources Model." ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v5i3.9994.
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The last two decades of research in social and health psychology have established the cohesive of nurses support to promote good mental health and physical health among medical doctors. Although it is commonly assumed that nurses support positively predicts the good health status of medical doctors, the literature are still lacking in focusing the roles of nurses towards medical doctors in hospitals. This conceptual paper suggests how nurses support are associated with reducing prolonged stress among medical doctors in public hospitals which include to determine their health status due to lack of access to supportive workplace. The Job Demands-Resources Model and Conservation of Resource (COR) Theory serve as the foundation in developing the proposed research model. Job burnout is proposed as a mediator in the above-mentioned relationship.
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Molina, Yamile, India J. Ornelas, Sarah L. Doty, Sonia Bishop, Shirley A. A. Beresford, and Gloria D. Coronado. "Family/friend recommendations and mammography intentions: the roles of perceived mammography norms and support." Health Education Research 30, no. 5 (August 31, 2015): 797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyv040.
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Rose, Jeff. "Cleansing public nature: landscapes of homelessness, health, and displacement." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20779.
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Abstract This article engages directly with a group of individuals who reside in and among the margins of an urban municipal park, through a 16-month critical ethnography. Facing abject poverty, threats from law enforcement, and trials of living outdoors, these 'Hillside residents' cite the local health department as a primary source of potential displacement from the place they call home. 'Health', in this context, references three interconnected features of contemporary urban homelessness: the material interactions associated with living outdoors, the litter that occasionally accumulates in the area, and human solid waste. Health also has specific discursive constructions on the Hillside, where the individuals living there are presented as unclean, particularly vis-à-vis the 'natural' unbuilt world in which they live. A logic of sanitizing the unclean means that 'cleaning' moves beyond the material imposition of humans on nature, or nature on humans. Instead, cleaning speaks to a societal problem: a need to cleanse society of unwanted social detritus, to create a healthy society. 'Cleanliness' creates an optimum, healthy urban experience to facilitate the transactions of contemporary consumer and financial capitalism, providing a new and central facet of global neoliberal restructuring, having particularly devastating effects for the lowest classes. Political ecology is leveraged to consider the roles of material and discursive cleanliness as an agent of health in the social reproduction of capitalism, creating natures and subjects that further support it. Key words: urban homelessness, cleanliness, political ecology of health
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Cruz, PhD, Miguel Angel, Luis O. Rivera-González, PhD, Elizabeth Irvin-Barnwell, PhD, Jessica Cabrera-Marquez, PhD, Esther Ellis, PhD, Brett Ellis, PhD, Benjamin Qi, PhD, et al. "Public health branch incident management and support as part of the Federal Government response during the emergency phase of Hurricanes Irma and Maria in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands." Journal of Emergency Management 19, no. 8 (September 1, 2021): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0631.
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On September 6 and 20, 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria made landfall as major hurricanes in the US Caribbean Territories of the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico with devastating effects. As part of the initial response, a public health team (PHT) was initially deployed as part of the US Department of Health and Human Services Incident Response Coordination Team. As a result of increased demands for additional expertise and resources, a public health branch (PHB) was established for coordinating a broad spectrum of public health response activities in support of the affected territories. This paper describes the conceptual framework for organizing these activities; summarizes some key public health activities and roles; outlines partner support and coordination with key agencies; and defines best practices and areas for improvement in disaster future operations.
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Marthammuthu, Thaneswaran, Farizah Mohd Hairi, Wan Yuen Choo, Nur Afiqah Mohd Salleh, and Noran Naqiah Hairi. "A Qualitative Investigation on the Roles of Social Support on Physical Activity Behaviour among the Rural-Dwelling Older Women in Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189609.
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Despite many health benefits of physical activities, both physically and mentally, the majority of the older women in the rural areas of Malaysia are showing a low prevalence of physical activities. Understanding the roles of social support to improve physical activities is imperative to promote active and healthy ageing among the rural-dwelling older women in Malaysia. Hence, this qualitative study adopted an inductive design using 17 in-depth interviews to understand the role of social support on physical activity behaviour among the rural community-dwelling older woman in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia from December 2019 to January 2020. Three categories of themes were identified in this study. Firstly, adaptive social support in terms of informational, companionship and emotional supports reported enhancing physical activity levels among older women. Secondly, the absence of help and assistance from the social network asserts independence and triggers the older women to perform the activities by themselves, thus engage in physically active lifestyles. Thirdly, lacking social support demotivate older women to be engaged in physical activities. In particular, loss of companionship support, poor acceptance or appraisal support, logistic issues to attend exercise programmes and neighbourhood safety and security issues were among the main barriers of physical activities reported by the older women. The main findings of this study shed some light on the exigency of strengthening social support from the social network to engage the older women in physical activities. The roles of social media, effective patient-doctor communication and interventions targeting the spouses and family members must be strengthened to create a supportive atmosphere to enhance physical activity levels among older women.
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Bibeau, Daniel L., Kay A. Lovelace, and Jennifer Stephenson. "Privatization of Local Health Department Services: Effects on the Practice of Health Education." Health Education & Behavior 28, no. 2 (April 2001): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800207.
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Local health departments (LHDs) are changing service delivery mechanisms to accommodate changes in health care financing and decreased public support for governmental services. This study examined the extent to which North Carolina LHDs privatized and contracted out services and the effects on the time spent on core functions of public health and activities of health educators. Questionnaires were mailed to the senior health educators in all LHDs. Sixty-nine responded, and 68% of LHDs had not privatized any services other than laboratory and home health. Clinical services were more commonly privatized than nonclinical services. Respondents perceived that privatization produces more time for LHDs to address the core public health functions and for health educators to engage in appropriate professional activities. Health educators in LHDs that had not privatized were more likely to be concerned about potential negative effects. This study suggests that privatization has generally had a positive effect on the roles of health educators in North Carolina LHDs.
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Timotin, Alina. "Instruments of Developing Social Marketing in Public Health." Marketing – from Information to Decision Journal 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/midj-2019-0005.
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Abstract This paper examines the way in which social marketing can be developed in public health and provides a set of practical instruments in this regard. Social marketing is an important tool in generating behavioural change and its usefulness in public health was proved by previous studies. However, it is still overlooked by many public health specialists, mainly because they lack basic instruments in this regard, especially knowledge and technical support. This study provides an opportunity to advance the implementation of social marketing and it priorly addresses to: national authorities in developing public health policies and strategies, medical curriculum developers, teachers, project managers and team members of health promotion programs. The research is interdisciplinary, applicative, descriptive, with a qualitative approach, based on logical-deductive reasoning. The novelty of the paper is expressed by the proposed total framework of implementing social marketing in public health, that comprises three dimensions: political, training and collaborative. The political dimension implies a unified application of the concept at the national level through specific strategies and encouraging program developers to use marketing techniques in influencing health behaviour. The training dimension implies courses provided at different levels and stages of training: students, master students, specialists. The collaborative dimension requires the creation of joint teams and clear distribution of roles for each member, of which at least one should be a specialist in social marketing. According to these three dimensions, the study describes three instruments (a guide, a curriculum and a sketch of the team) that were created for developing social marketing in public health in countries like the Republic of Moldova, where the concept is still not widely known and accepted. This study tends to give support for researchers in promoting social marketing techniques.
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O'Donnell, Carol. "Community management structures to promote health." Australian Health Review 26, no. 1 (2003): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah030165.
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This article describes key requirements of effective health service management that emerge from a review of Australian developments in the respective roles of government and the market. From a public interest perspective, community and industry ownership and management of funds appear superior to market-driven health management approaches. The clear separation of public interest-based policy and administrative functions is vital for effective fund management. Greater transparency, more community input to broadly planned service delivery, casemix funding systems and better outcome data are required to tap the potential benefits of this policy-led model. A pooled funding approach to service provision may assist regional communities achieve their health aims, and the service breadth and flexibility which appear to be necessary to support health and related regional goals.
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Mercer, Fiona, Joanna Astrid Miler, Bernie Pauly, Hannah Carver, Kristina Hnízdilová, Rebecca Foster, and Tessa Parkes. "Peer Support and Overdose Prevention Responses: A Systematic ‘State-of-the-Art’ Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 12073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212073.
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Overdose prevention for people who use illicit drugs is essential during the current overdose crisis. Peer support is a process whereby individuals with lived or living experience of a particular phenomenon provide support to others by explicitly drawing on these experiences. This review provides a systematic search and evidence synthesis of peer support within overdose prevention interventions for people who use illicit drugs. A systematic search of six databases (CINAHL, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) was conducted in November 2020 for papers published in English between 2000 and 2020. Following screening and full-text review, 46 papers met criteria and were included in this review. A thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize themes. Important findings include: the value of peers in creating trusted services; the diversity of peers’ roles; the implications of barriers on peer-involved overdose prevention interventions; and the stress and trauma experienced by peers. Peers play a pivotal role in overdose prevention interventions for people who use illicit drugs and are essential to the acceptability and feasibility of such services. However, peers face considerable challenges within their roles, including trauma and burnout. Future interventions must consider how to support and strengthen peer roles in overdose settings.
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Frost, Nick. "Providing support and therapy for victims and survivors of child sexual exploitation." Journal of Public Mental Health 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-07-2018-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the public mental health challenges arising in the field of child sexual exploitation (CSE) from the perspective of frontline professionals. Design/methodology/approach The methods included semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews (n=6) and focus groups (two groups with a total of eight participants = 8), all participants work with CSE-experienced young people. Findings Professionals report how they offer support and therapy to CSE-experienced young people. Findings are outlined in relation to support, therapeutic interventions, multi-agency working, what works and the challenges and issues faced in their professional roles. Research limitations/implications The paper reports briefly on a substantial amount of data. A further limitation is that there is a need to gather data directly from the perspective of young people. Practical implications The high quality of work undertaken and the need to further develop therapeutic work with the CSE-experienced young people emerges from the findings. Social implications CSE is a high-profile public health issue which attracts considerable public and political attention. Originality/value The data gathered reflect the contemporary views of frontline professionals in a challenging and complex field of practice.
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Sheppard, Mary E., and Nancy Vitalone-Raccaro. "How physicians support children with disabilities and their families: Roles, responsibilities and collaborative partnerships." Disability and Health Journal 9, no. 4 (October 2016): 692–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.05.007.
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Setiawati, Ni Made, Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri, and Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana. "Family support and quality of life of schizophrenia patients." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20915.
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Schizophrenia remains a global issue. More than half of those living with schizophrenia have yet to receive appropriate treatment that led to the impeded of their recovery and the low quality of life. This study aimed to understand the relationship between familial supports with the quality of life (QOL) of persons with schizophrenia. The cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 161 outpatients at 13 community health centers (puskesmas). Family support and quality of life data were collected by interviewing the respondents with the Friedman’s family support questionnaire and WHO quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Subsequently, data was analyzed using logistic regression. The respondents have a mean age of 45 years, mostly males, have completed high school, mostly unemployed and unmarried. Instrumental (AOR=3.177; 95%CI 1.01-9.91) and appraisal support (AOR=7.620; 95%CI 2.83-20.4) were significantly associated with QOL. Conversely, no significant relationship was found between emotional (AOR=1.345; 95%CI 0.46-3.88) and informational (AOR=2.515; 95%CI 0.85-7.42) support toward QOL. Employment, being married and not experiencing relapse were significantly related to QOL. Instrumental support and appraisal support are important factors in determining the quality of life of persons with schizophrenia. Hence, the government needs to expand the roles of family and community to support these roles.
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Tong, Esther, and Tom Kosatsky. "PHIs in the investigation of environmental drivers of elevated blood lead." Environmental Health Review 63, no. 3 (November 2020): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2020-021.
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As more provinces and territories consider requiring the reporting to public health of clinical blood lead analyses, it is clear that public health inspectors (PHIs) have an important role to play in investigating higher-level results. The familiarity of PHIs with interviewing, inspections, and environmental sampling allows for the extension of their skills and knowledge to support effective investigations and public health interventions on behavioural and environmental sources of lead exposure. Here we review the steps involved in investigating higher-level blood lead reports and the roles and limits of PHI involvement in those investigations.
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Naccarella, Lucio, Theonie Tacticos, Jane Sims, and Maria Potiriadis. "Capacity building initiatives within the Divisions of General Practice setting in Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 11, no. 2 (2005): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py05031.
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The General Practice Education, Support and Community Linkages Program (the Program) supported uptake of the Enhanced Primary Care (EPC) Medicare Benefits Schedule items. A goal underpinning the Program was to build the capacity of Divisions of General Practice to support GPs' EPC item usage. Capacity building was operationalised as: workforce development, organisational development, and resource allocation. This paper reports on the extent to which the Program built the Divisions' capacity to support GPs' EPC item usage. Telephone interviews were conducted with participating Division Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), EPC Coordinators and GP Trainers. Division CEOs, EPC Coordinators and GP trainers corroborated that the Program contributed to Divisions' capacity to support GPs' EPC item usage. Responses reflected interviewees' respective roles and position in Divisions. Given CEOs' strategic roles, they were more positive about the Program, EPC Coordinators and GP Trainers were less positive, given their pragmatic roles. It appeared that respondents had not explicitly considered the Program as a capacity building exercise. We infer that they may have been too close to implementation to see the Program's overarching policy and strategy. The evaluation highlighted the importance of implementing and evaluating capacity building initiatives explicitly using capacity building frameworks. To assist program sustainability, future schemes in the general practice setting would benefit from an explicit reference to capacity building in their stated objectives.
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Oldenburger, David, Silvia Helena De Bortoli Cassiani, Denise Bryant-Lukosius, Ruta Kristina Valaitis, Andrea Baumann, Joyce Pulcini, and Ruth Martin-Misener. "Implementation strategy for advanced practice nursing in primary health care in Latin America and the Caribbean." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (April 14, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.40.
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Advanced practice nursing (APN) is a term used to describe a variety of possible nursing roles operating at an advanced level of practice. Historically, APN roles haves evolved informally, out of the need to improve access to health care services for at-risk and disadvantaged populations and for those living in underserved rural and remote communities. To address health needs, especially ones related to primary health care, nurses acquired additional skills through practice experience, and over time they developed an expanded scope of practice. More recently, APN roles have been developed more formally through the establishment of graduate education programs to meet agreed-upon competencies and standards for practice. The introduction of APN roles is expected to advance primary health care throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, where few such roles exist. The purpose of the paper is to outline an implementation strategy to guide and support the introduction of primary health care APN roles in Latin America and the Caribbean. The strategy includes the adaptation of an existing framework, utilization of recent research evidence, and application of knowledge from experts on APN and primary health care. The strategy consists of nine steps. Each step includes a national perspective that focuses on direct country involvement in health workforce planning and development and on implementation. In addition, each step incorporates an international perspective on encouraging countries that have established APN programs and positions to collaborate in health workforce development with nations without advanced practice nursing.
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Lurie, S. G. "Global Health Equity and Advocacy: The roles of international Non-Governmental Organizations." Health, Culture and Society 2, no. 1 (April 18, 2012): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2012.41.
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International health equity and community empowerment are promoted through local and global collaborations with non-governmental organizations (NGO’s). Civil society organizations and inter-agency partnerships assume central roles in addressing global health inequity, within the context of national health and social systems, local realities and priorities. Community health promotion through public-private collaboration by NGO’s on health needs assessments and fund-raising is designed to increase support for local programs in the United States. This paper compares health promotion and advocacy roles of an international non-governmental organization in global and local arenas, based on community case studies by the author in rural Hungary and North Texas from 2009 to 2011, using ethnographic and qualitative research methods. Findings confirm the need for systematic evaluation of the effects of complex socioeconomic, political and multi-ethnic contexts, and the impacts of prevention programs and healthcare on health equity.
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Lazuras, Lambros, Angelos Rodafinos, and J. Richard Eiser. "Adolescents' Support for Smoke-Free Public Settings: The Roles of Social Norms and Beliefs About Exposure to Secondhand Smoke." Journal of Adolescent Health 49, no. 1 (July 2011): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.10.013.
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Deveau, Roy. "Commentary on “Can active support improve job satisfaction?”." Tizard Learning Disability Review 21, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-11-2015-0045.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on Rhodes and Toogood’s article on the possible relationship between Active Support training and staff job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Rhodes and Toogood unusually and importantly include outcomes for both frontline staff and service users following an Active Support intervention. This commentary builds upon this approach by drawing on ideas recently raised by Deveau and McGill (2015). Findings – A number of important themes are identified including the mutuality of direct support staff (DSS) and service user experience, the significance of considering both the formal and informal aspects of organisational culture and the value of employing a complexity theory perspective. Originality/value – Effective public services require an understanding of the factors influencing the behaviour of public service staff. In intellectual disability services, positive outcomes can only be obtained through a broader appreciation of the drivers of DSS behaviour, especially the roles played by culture and leadership.
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Supprasert, Warunsicha, David Hughes, and Piyatida Khajornchaikul. "Roles and capacities of Thai family development centres." Journal of Children's Services 13, no. 3/4 (December 17, 2018): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-11-2017-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine Family Development Centre (FDC) staff’s[1] perspectives on their roles and capacity to promote early childhood language learning through good parenting. Design/methodology/approach This research employed in-depth interviews with 30 FDC coordinators and volunteer staff, supported by limited field observations. Findings Identifying risk, surveillance of at-risk families, building community solidarity and activities to support parenting and children, emerged as key components of FDC work. Volunteers softened their surveillance role by emphasising their social support function and personal links to local communities. Most activities aimed to strengthen family bonding and relationships, with fewer specifically addressing early childhood language deficits. Volunteers found the latter challenging, and generally sought to work in cooperation with education, public health and child care staff where projects involved language development. Practical implications Most volunteers said they lacked the capacities to promote early language development effectively and required additional training in such areas as partnerships and collaboration, family and parenting support, and project management. The authors argue that the importance given to partnerships reflects volunteers’ recognition that they need to draw on outside expertise to address children’s language problems. Given resource constraints, volunteers will remain central to family support work for the immediate future. Even with training lay volunteers will not become language experts, and future policy should centre on building a framework of professional support for the community teams. Originality/value This study fills a gap in knowledge about FDC volunteer roles and suggests a need for training that focuses on teamwork rather than specialist language expertise.
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Cuesta-Briand, Beatriz, Dawn Bessarab, Shaouli Shahid, and Sandra C. Thompson. "‘Connecting tracks’: exploring the roles of an Aboriginal women's cancer support network." Health & Social Care in the Community 24, no. 6 (June 22, 2015): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12261.
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Herrera, Carolina-Nicole, Annelise Brochier, Michelle Pellicer, Arvin Garg, and Mari-Lynn Drainoni. "Implementing Social Determinants of Health Screening at Community Health Centers: Clinician and Staff Perspectives." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 10 (January 2019): 215013271988726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132719887260.
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Purpose: Screening for social determinants of health (SDOH) during primary care office visits is recommended by pediatric and internal medicine professional guidelines. Less is known about how SDOH screening and service referral can be successfully integrated into clinical practice. Methods: Key informant interviews with 11 community health center (CHC) clinicians and staff members (medical assistants and case managers) were analyzed to identify themes related to integrating a SDOH screening and referral process (augmented WE CARE model) into their workflow. Results: CHC clinicians and staff believed the augmented WE CARE model benefited their patients and the CHC’s mission. Most clinicians found the model was easy to implement. Some staff members had difficulty prioritizing the nonclinical intervention and were confused about their roles and the role of the patient navigator. The eligibility requirements and time needed to access local SDOH resources frustrated clinicians. Discussion: SDOH screening and referral care models can help support the mission of CHCs by identifying unmet material needs. However, CHCs have organizational and administrative challenges that successful interventions must address. CHCs need clinical champions for SDOH models because the screening and follow-up processes involve clinical staff. Additional support for SDOH models might include piloting the SDOH screening model workflow and formalizing the workflow before implementation, including the specific roles for clinicians, staff, and patient navigators.