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Journal articles on the topic 'Public housing – South Africa'
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1
Phago, Kedibone. "INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS AND HOUSING POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTH AFRICA." Politeia 33, no. 2 (October 20, 2016): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/1778.
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Housing policy in South Africa requires that government departments at different spheres coordinate their activities to facilitate the provision of housing. This coordination is imperative because without such, effective housing provision remains compromised. The question that this paper raises is: whither intergovernmental relations (IGR) for housing policy implementation in South Africa? From this question it is clear that the nature of this discussion is conceptual as it seeks to engage on the institutional IGR model of public housing delivery. This question is raised in this paper because a system that ties activities of different spheres of government is necessary to realise housing policy implementation outcomes. However, in responding to this question several issues receive attention: Firstly, a broader view on a social contract as well as establishing public institutions to facilitate public service delivery.Secondly, intergovernmental relations and housing which consider the nature of IGR system in place, while arguing that this system is not viable for housing delivery. Thirdly, while the municipal accreditation system has been introduced, it remains complex and costly in addressing housing delivery challenges. In the final analysis, this paper argues for a constitutional amendment which would allow housing to become a functional competency of municipalities similar to other human settlements components such as roads constructions, electricity, sanitation and clean drinking water.
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Ssekibuule, Henry J. "Assessing the Implementation Process of Consulting Citizen Participation in Policy and Housing Delivery in South Africa." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v1i3.38.
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This article aims to assess the implementation process of consulting citizen participation and conflicts involved in housing delivery against the environment of the South Africanhousing need and housing policy. In this way the study wants to clarify the relationship between housing policy and housing practice. The article is based on the legislations and policies designed to foster and promote public participation in South Africa. These include legislation at both the national and local government levels and a survey of planning departments measuring the types of public participation strategies used by local governments. The article’s findings indicate that South African Municipalities need adopt a broader range of public participation techniques related to: voluntarism and public engagement, neighbourhood and strategic planning, and e-government. In contrast, the article’s findings indicate that South African Municipalities are more likely to crumple if they do not promote public participation through mechanisms such as annual community meetings and referendums on public issues. The conclusion of the article offers recommendations for expanding the scope of public participation and developing strategies that maximize citizen input in community development activities in both the Provincial and local spheres of government. The survey was conducted to identify the scope of public participation techniques used by local governments and the Department of Housing in Tyutyu housing project located in the Buffalo city metropolitan municipality. It is an initiative which was started in the year 2000 with the aim of alleviating housing shortage in the area. Formerly, the area was made up of mud houses that were constructed by the former Ciskei government. Later on, shacks were added in the area. Originally, <br />these structures were meant to form agricultural rural village settlements. One limitation of this methodology is that it does not gauge the effectiveness of the participation techniques used by local governments and the department of housing or the intensity of public engagement. However, the results from this study provide future researchers with a mechanism for focusing future analysis. The findings can assist in identifying new directions for enhancing public participation in South Africa and globally.
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Parnell, S. "Shaping a Racially Divided Society: State Housing Policy in South Africa, 1920–50." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 3 (September 1989): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070261.
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Public housing assistance for poor whites in South Africa was introduced to ensure social and geographical isolation for the voting minority. The policy of relative advantage of housing needs of whites over those of the rest of the working class remained unchallenged until the consummation of residential segregation was achieved under the Group Areas Act of 1950. Although endorsed as an instrument for social and residential cleavage, efforts by the state to give residential assistance to working-class whites prior to the imposition of separate group areas are shown to have been restricted by wider political and economic considerations. Efforts to upgrade and separate the housing of working-class whites from the black urban community met with limited success in the interwar years. After World War 2, fiscal restrictions and the politics that surrounded the rapid urbanisation of Africans challenged the practice, if not the policy, of housing advantage for whites.
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Mathee, Angela, Jocelyn Moyes, Thulisa Mkhencele, Jackie Kleynhans, Brigitte Language, Stuart Piketh, Elias Moroe, et al. "Housing Quality in a Rural and an Urban Settlement in South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052240.
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During 2016 to 2018, a prospective household cohort study of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus community burden and transmission dynamics (the PHIRST study) was undertaken to examine the factors associated with influenza and other respiratory pathogen transmissions in South Africa. We collected information on housing conditions in the PHIRST study sites: Rural villages near Agincourt, Bushbuckridge Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, and urban Jouberton Township in North West Province. Survey data were collected from 159 and 167 study households in Agincourt and Jouberton, respectively. Multiple housing-related health hazards were identified in both sites, but particularly in Agincourt. In Agincourt, 75% (119/159) of households reported daily or weekly interruptions in water supply and 98% (154/159) stored drinking water in miscellaneous containers, compared to 1% (1/167) and 69% (115/167) of households in Jouberton. Fuels other than electricity (such as wood) were mainly used for cooking by 44% (70/159) and 7% (11/167) of Agincourt and Jouberton households, respectively; and 67% (106/159) of homes in Agincourt versus 47% (79/167) in Jouberton were located on unpaved roads, which is associated with the generation of dust and particulate matter. This study has highlighted housing conditions in Agincourt and Jouberton that are detrimental to health, and which may impact disease severity or transmission in South African communities.
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de Wet, Thea, Sophie Plagerson, Trudy Harpham, and Angela Mathee. "Poor housing, good health: a comparison of formal and informal housing in Johannesburg, South Africa." International Journal of Public Health 56, no. 6 (June 21, 2011): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0269-1.
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Okpechi, Ikechi G., Brian L. Rayner, and Charles R. Swanepoel. "Peritoneal Dialysis in Cape Town, South Africa." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 32, no. 3 (May 2012): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2011.00100.
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BackgroundChronic kidney disease is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which encompasses 70% of the least-developed countries in the world. Most people in SSA have no access to any form of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Given its ease of performance and patient independence, peritoneal dialysis (PD) should be an ideal form of RRT in SSA, but several complex and interdependent factors make PD a difficult option in SSA. The present review describes the practice of PD in SSA, with emphasis on Cape Town, South Africa.Methods and ResultsAfter a review of the recent PubMed literature on RRT in SSA and an appraisal of nephrology practice in South Africa, factors that make the provision of RRT (especially PD) a challenge in SSA include the low number of qualified health care workers, socio-demographic issues (poor housing, electricity, and water supplies), and the cost of PD fluids in the region. Although South Africa has the largest PD population in all of SSA, the growth of PD in South Africa is specifically impeded by the system of RRT rationing, which favors HD; the methods of funding for dialysis and for remuneration of doctors in private practice; and many other socio-economic factors. The peritonitis rate remains relatively high, and it is a significant contributor to morbidity in PD patients in Cape Town.ConclusionsIn many parts of SSA, PD could be the main dialysis modality. However, African governments must start taking responsibility for their people by providing adequate funds for renal replacement programs. Attempts to produce PD fluids locally and to train and educate health care workers will greatly improve the use of PD as a RRT option in SSA.
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Butcher, Siân. "Creating a gap that can be filled: Constructing and territorializing the affordable housing submarket in Gauteng, South Africa." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19885391.
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As the housing bubble burst in overheated property markets around the world, South Africa’s so-called ‘affordable housing market’ appeared to be bucking the trend. From 2010, affordable housing prices were rising and selling quickly, especially in Gauteng, Johannesburg’s city-region, chronically short of actually affordable housing and with a growing black middle class. Touted as ‘SA’s best-kept investment secret’, the affordable housing market offered a lifeline to the property industry and the potential to democratize segregated property markets. Yet, in practice, the tapping of South Africa’s lower-income housing market by capital has been a limited one, narrowly catering to particular subjects and spaces. Drawing on heterodox approaches to ‘actually existing markets’ and qualitative fieldwork conducted in Johannesburg between 2012 and 2013, this paper traces how the boundaries of the affordable housing and mortgage submarket are produced and shift through the investments of multiple communities with their own theories of housing markets and different interests in ‘making the market work’. Despite these investments and contestations, the submarket is narrowly territorialized within developer-driven housing largely in Gauteng for public-sector workers, to optimize the market within mortgage capital’s frameworks of risk, return, race and space. The South African mortgaged affordable housing submarket is not so much in need of market information or constitutive of a new frontier of global finance, as a territorial fix for domestic capital vis-à-vis development imperatives. To investigate struggles over this submarket, I draw together socio-institutional approaches to markets with critical political economy of housing markets and put them into conversation with critical development studies scholarship on markets. This combination allows us to make space for multiple projects of ‘improvement’ and profit in our analyses of market-making, as well as how these are shaped by, and shape, space and conjuncture. I seek to contribute to a growing literature on the geographies of markets from a Global South context where housing is framed as both a market good and constitutional right by examining a case of apparent ‘market failure’.
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Badenhorst, Marthinus S. "South Africa (2009) – Salient Contemporary Features in Facts and Figures." European Spatial Research and Policy 17, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10105-010-0007-3.
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South Africa is a demographically diverse country where many divisions (still) tend to coincide with racial boundaries, beset by a wide range of socio-economic problems typical of developing countries and otherwise stemming from its colonial past and a discriminatory past policy of apartheid. The paper describes the country's salient features in facts and figures in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of society in terms of demography, education, employment, public health care, poverty, housing, crime and the economy. The picture presented tends to be on the dark side, but also hopeful for the future thanks to inter alia a strong globalised economy.
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Scheba, Andreas, and Ivan Turok. "Informal rental housing in the South: dynamic but neglected." Environment and Urbanization 32, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247819895958.
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Informal rental housing is growing rapidly in cities of the global South. Changing needs and circumstances of diverse urban populations produce new forms of rental accommodation and landlord–tenant relations. Focusing on the case of backyard renting in South Africa, this paper illustrates how informal rental is undergoing a dynamic process of expansion and upgrading that both reflects and contributes to improved socioeconomic conditions. Commercialization is transforming the material quality and social dynamics of informal rental housing. While there are signs of formalization and professionalization, the government’s neglect of this sector has contributed to the strong persistence of informality, with its associated risks. This paper argues that the informal rental sector deserves more government attention to augment the public benefits and mitigate the costs. The paper ends with suggestions of how a developmental approach by the government could help to convert the negative externalities into a positive dynamic with more equitable and sustainable outcomes.
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Miles, Malcolm. "PARTICIPATION: HOUSING AND URBAN VIABILITY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2013): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.832483.
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In the global North, housing tends to be seen as a sub-sector of the construction industry. In the global South, in contrast, it might be considered more as a verb – housing as the activity of meeting basic needs for shelter. As such, this process is frequently undertaken by users themselves, in the informal settlements which surround most cities. While these settlements were once regarded as a threat to the urban order (or urbanization), today there is increasing recognition that self-build and self-managed housing meets the needs of urban development in ways which are usually more sustainable as well as lower-cost than standard housing schemes (whether in the public or the private sector). This paper begins from the question as to how far the lessons of informal settlements in the South can be applied in the North. It looks at the status of informal settlements in the new South Africa, and at two schemes in the UK: the Coin Street development in London, managed by tenants; and Ashley Vale self-build housing in Bristol, in southwest England. These are not seen as exemplary but simply two cases which can be compared and contrasted in the terrain of new approaches to building cities for the future.
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Wellington, Thwala D., and Aigbavboa O. Clinton. "Faktorijalna važnost predvidivih efekata potreba rezidenata i očekivanja u južnoafričkom javnom stanovanju." Socioeconomica 3, no. 6 (December 31, 2014): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12803/sjseco.369214.
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Home, Robert. "Colonial Township Laws and Urban Governance in Kenya." Journal of African Law 56, no. 2 (August 15, 2012): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855312000083.
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AbstractRapid population and urban growth in Africa pose severe challenges to development planning and management. This article argues that weak urban governance in Kenya results from the colonial legal order's shaping of urban form. Kenya's colonial laws, drawing from those in other British colonies (especially South Africa) and British statute law on local government, public health, housing and town planning, controlled African labour and movement, and Africans' relation to towns. These laws included ordinances on registration, “master and servant” and vagrancy, while detailed township rules enforced racial segregation and exclusion; the Feetham Commission (1926) led to a hierarchy of local authorities, with no African representation until the 1950s. The dual mandate ideology resulted in different land tenure in the white-settled areas and trust lands; the late introduction of individual land ownership in the trust lands created problems of peri-urban, unplanned development outside the old township boundaries.
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Aghimien, Douglas, Clinton Aigbavboa, Lerato Aghimien, Wellington Thwala, and Lebu Ndlovu. "3D PRINTING FOR SUSTAINABLE LOW-INCOME HOUSING IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CASE FOR THE URBAN POOR." Journal of Green Building 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.2.129.
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ABSTRACT This paper presents the findings of an assessment of the possible measures needed for the adoption of three-dimensional (3D) printing for sustainable low-income houses that can be beneficial to the urban poor. The study adopted a quantitative approach and answers were sought from construction professionals actively involved in a construction project in the country. The study revealed through factor analysis that 3D printing for sustainable low-income housing delivery in South Africa could be encouraged through effective promotion and training, government support, improvement of 3D printing technology, and affordability of the technology. The study contributes significantly to the body of knowledge as it reveals the possible measures for improving the adoption of 3D printing in housing delivery in South Africa—an aspect that has not gained significant attention in the fourth industrial revolution and housing delivery discourse in the country.
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Van Wyk, Jeannie. "Can SPLUMA Play a Role in Transforming Spatial Injustice to Spatial Justice in Housing in South Africa?" Southern African Public Law 30, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3526.
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Our spatial environment is one of the most important determinants of our well-being and life chances. It relates to schools, opportunities, businesses, recreation and access to public services. Spatial injustice results where discrimination determines that spatial environment. Since Apartheid in South Africa epitomised the notion of spatial injustice, tools and instruments are required to transform spatial injustice into spatial justice. One of these is the employment of principles of spatial justice. While the National Development Plan (NDP) recognised that all spatial development should conform to certain normative principles and should explicitly indicate how the requirements of these should be met, the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) contains a more concrete principle of spatial justice. It echoes aspects of both the South African land reform programme and global principles of spatial justice. Essentially section 7(a) of SPLUMA entails three components: (1) redressing past spatial imbalances and exclusions; (2) including people and areas previously excluded and (3) upgrading informal areas and settlements. SPLUMA directs municipalities to apply the principle in its spatial development frameworks, land use schemes and, most importantly, in decision-making on development applications. The aim of this article is to determine whether the application of this principle in practice can move beyond the confines of spatial planning and land use management to address the housing issue in South Africa. Central to housing is section 26 of the Constitution, that has received the extensive attention of the Constitutional Court. The court has not hesitated to criticize the continuing existence of spatial injustice, thus contributing to the transformation of spatial injustice to spatial justice. Since planning, housing and land reform are all intertwined not only the role of SPLUMA, but also the NDP and the myriad other policies, programmes and legislation that are attempting to address the situation are examined and tested against the components of the principle of spatial justice in SPLUMA.
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Fabb, Linda. "Community Health and the Environment." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 3 (1996): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96045.
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Case Study One: The Lead Project: Public Health On The Ground: Doutta Galla Community Health Service (DGCHS) is located in Victoria, in Melbourne's inner West. It aims to provide health care services, and health education and promotion to a culturally diverse and changing community. It currently services two local council areas and a population of 146,000 people, with a further 249,000 coming into the area daily for work, study or shopping. It covers four of Melbourne's largest public housing estates and large groups of people from Non-English Speaking Background including South America, the Horn of Africa, Turkey, Vietnam and China.
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Govender, Thashlin, Jo M. Barnes, and Clarissa H. Pieper. "Contribution of Water Pollution From Inadequate Sanitation and Housing Quality to Diarrheal Disease in Low-Cost Housing Settlements of Cape Town, South Africa." American Journal of Public Health 101, no. 7 (July 2011): e4-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2010.300107.
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Pilusa, KKL, and ML Shipalana. "Navigation of Innovative Management in the Local Spheres of Government in South Africa – An Issue for Consideration." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (September 5, 2020): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug195.
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It is a global concern that most local spheres of government are usually faced with a major challenge of meeting the basic needs of citizens, particularly in the developing countries such as South Africa, where majority of people depending entirely on public services. It is observed that the local spheres of government are unable to carry out their constitutional mandate to provide public goods and services such as education, housing health, water and sanitation. This situation, among others, is mainly exacerbated by ineffective innovative management practices. This article sought to navigate innovative management practices in the local spheres of government in South Africa and suggests strategies that can be applied for service delivery improvement. The article used conceptual framework to analyse innovative management practices in the context of the local spheres of government. In the process, literature has revealed that most of local spheres of government are mainly characterised with ineffective innovative management practices. These management practices include, strategic planning, operational plans and performance management systems. It is evident that the current state of affairs, drastically affects service delivery improvement. This article suggests collaborative approach as mechanism to enhance service delivery in the local spheres of government.
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Swanepoel, Magdaleen. "Human Rights That Influence The Mentally Ill Patient In South African Medical Law: A Discussion of Sections 9; 27; 30 and 31 of the Constitution." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 14, no. 7 (June 9, 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2011/v14i7a2619.
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The personalised nature of mental illness obscures from general view the intolerable burden of private and public distress that people with serious mental illness carry. Invariably the mentally ill person encounters rejection and humiliation that are in some way tantamount to a "second illness." The combination either disrupts or puts beyond reach the usual personal and social life stages of marriage, family life, raising children, sexual relationships, the choice of treatment, affordable housing, transportation, education and gainful employment. As a result of their lack of financial and social support and their experience of rejection from society, persons with mental illness tend to neglect themselves and their diet, and frequently delay seeking treatment. Against this background, this contribution critically focuses on the human rights that influence the mentally ill patient in South African medical law. Specific attention is paid to the relevance and meaning of sections 9 (the equality clause), 27 (access to health care services), 30 and 31 (language, culture and religion) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.
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Mabuto, T., S. Holzman, G. Kubeka, and C. J. Hoffmann. "Mobile HIV testing in South Africa: maximizing yield through data-guided site selection." Public Health Action 11, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.21.0016.
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BACKGROUND: Mobile community HIV testing can effectively reach undiagnosed people living with HIV in southern Africa. Variable yield in HIV test positivity has been a challenge with high- and low-yield sites often being closely situated. We sought to test whether easy-to-identify, site-level characteristics were associated with HIV positivity yield in a routine mobile HIV testing program.METHODS: We used routine testing program test data augmented with site-level characterization, either of the community or shopping site at which HIV testing was offered. Specifically, we described the local environment and interviewed key informants to gain additional information regarding the availability of HIV and other services in the locale.RESULTS: We included 122 residential and 26 shopping sites with median HIV-positive test yields of 7.6% and 6.9%, respectively. The range for community sites was from 2 to 55% with high and low yields at geographically proximal sites. Factors related to lower income and marginalization, including informal housing and the absence of name-brand stores in shopping venues, were associated with higher HIV-positive testing yield.CONCLUSIONS: Characterization of sites, particularly identifying factors related to marginalization, lack of services, and poverty, can aid in identifying sites with higher HIV-positive yield.
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Bakare, B. F., S. Mtsweni, and S. Rathilal. "A pilot study into public attitudes and perceptions towards greywater reuse in a low cost housing development in Durban, South Africa." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 6, no. 2 (October 21, 2015): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.076.
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The benefits of greywater reuse have been identified to include the protection of water resources, recovery of nutrients for agriculture, savings in fresh water usage, reduction in volumes of wastewater discharged into wastewater treatment works, groundwater recharge and sustainable water resource management. An understanding of public attitude and perceptions towards the reuse of greywater will help to facilitate a positive reaction to the promotion of such concepts. The study involved administering of structured questionnaires to residents within the community through field visits. The questionnaire addressed issues related to attitudes towards the reuse of greywater, perceived advantages related to the reuse of greywater and concerns related to public health issues regarding the reuse of greywater. A total number of 346 questionnaires were administered and respondents were aged from less than 19 to over 60 years. Of the respondents, 55% were female and 45% male. The findings revealed a complex and shifting relationship between attitudes towards and perception of the reuse of greywater. This paper thus presents the findings and assesses certain aspects of greywater reuse.
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Govender, Thashlin, Jo M. Barnes, and Clarissa H. Pieper. "Living in Low-Cost Housing Settlements in Cape Town, South Africa—The Epidemiological Characteristics Associated with Increased Health Vulnerability." Journal of Urban Health 87, no. 6 (November 25, 2010): 899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9502-0.
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Vincent, Louise. "Polls Apart: South African Women and the 1999 General Election." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 27, no. 2 (1999): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700506155.
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More than one million more women than men registered to vote in South Africa’s second democratic election in 1999. The election saw 29.8 percent of seats in the national legislature (or 119 out of 400) going to women (up from 27 percent in the previous Parliament and in stark contrast to the less than 3 percent of women parliamentarians prior to 1994). Eight ministers and eight deputy ministers in South Africa’s new Parliament are women. The new cabinet has women in charge of nontraditional portfolios, such as foreign affairs, public service, mineral and energy affairs, communications and land affairs, in addition to health and housing. This doubles the number of female members compared to the previous executive.
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Swartz, Alison, Susan Levine, Hanna-Andrea Rother, and Fritha Langerman. "Toxic layering through three disciplinary lenses: childhood poisoning and street pesticide use in Cape Town, South Africa." Medical Humanities 44, no. 4 (October 20, 2018): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011488.
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This article focuses on the devastating hidden perils of agricultural pesticides repurposed by informal sellers in urban South African townships to kill rats and other unwanted pests. Drawing on collaborative research techniques, we investigate the causal relationship between child poisoning episodes and the household use of illegal street pesticides. Such pesticides are used to safeguard homes from pests in an attempt to protect children from the harmful consequences of rodent bites and vectorborne diseases. Here, we consider the social injustice and economic inequality of episodes of child pesticide poisoning in the Western Cape from three disciplinary perspectives: public health, medical anthropology and fine art. We ultimately seek to demonstrate the complex relationship between the political economy of sanitation, waste removal and insecure housing, and the proliferation of rodents and other pests in urban townships. As a contribution to the medical humanities, the paper leans into different disciplines to highlight the toxic layering at play in a child pesticide poisoning event. The public health perspective focuses on the circulation of illegal street pesticides, the anthropologists focus on the experiences of the children and caregivers who are victims of poisoning, and the fine artist centres the rat within a broader environmental context. While non-toxic methods to eliminate rats and household pests are critical, longer term structural changes, through environmental and human rights activism, are necessary to ameliorate the suffering caused by poisoning. The medical and health humanities is well poised to highlight creative ways to draw public attention to these challenges, as well as to bridge the divide between science and the humanities through collaborative research efforts. With this paper we set the stage for discussing and balancing perspectives when addressing pest control in poor urban communities.
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Pretorius, Dian, Melissa Lauren Crouch, and Heinz Erasmus Jacobs. "Diurnal water use patterns for low-cost houses with indigent water allocation: a South African case study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 3 (April 4, 2019): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.165.
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Abstract The diurnal water use patterns are of interest to hydraulic modellers, as these patterns are required for the design of water distribution systems. An extensive body of literature is available with regard to daily, weekly and seasonal diurnal water use patterns of typical suburban houses. However, the characteristics of South African low-cost houses, the socio-economic status of the consumers and the level of water service to such houses differs from typical western suburban houses reported on elsewhere. Notable differences include the limited access to heated water and negligible garden irrigation at the low-cost houses. Knowledge of water use in low-cost houses, which are prevalent in South Africa, is limited. To reduce this lack of knowledge, approximately 2.5 million flow records were collected over a period of 3 years from a sample of 14 low-cost houses as part of this empirical case study. Subsequently, a diurnal water use pattern was constructed for the selected low-cost houses at 15-minute and 1-hour resolution. The diurnal pattern is useful for hydraulic modellers when data that represent extended period time simulation of water networks in low-cost housing developments is required.
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Mumbauer, Alexandra, Michael Strauss, Gavin George, Phuti Ngwepe, Charl Bezuidenhout, Lindsey de Vos, and Andrew Medina-Marino. "Employment preferences of healthcare workers in South Africa: Findings from a discrete choice experiment." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0250652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250652.
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There is a maldistribution of human resources for health globally, with many Lower- and Middle-Income Countries experiencing significant shortages. We examined healthcare workers’ job preferences in South Africa to identify factors which potentially influence employment decisions. A discrete choice experiment was conducted among 855 South African healthcare workers critical to its national HIV testing and treatment programs. Job characteristics included workload, workplace culture, availability of equipment, training opportunities, sector and facility type, location, salary and benefits. Main effects analysis was conducted using fixed effects logistic regression. Interaction effects identified divergence in preferences. Heavy workload (OR = 0.78; 95% C.I. 0.74–0.83), poor workplace culture (odds ratio 0.66; 95% C.I. 0.62–0.69), insufficient availability of equipment (OR = 0.67; 95% C.I. 0.63–0.70) and infrequent training opportunities (OR = 0.75; 95% C.I. 0.71–0.80) had large, significant effects on worker preferences. An increase in salary of 20% (OR = 1.29; 95% C.I. 1.16–1.44) had a positive effect on preferences, while a salary decrease of 20% (OR = 0.55; 95% C.I. 0.49–0.60) had a strong negative effect. Benefits packages had large positive effects on preferences: respondents were twice as likely to choose a job that included medical aid, pension and housing contributions worth 40% of salary (OR = 2.06; 95% C.I. 1.87–2.26), holding all else constant. Although salary was important across all cadres, benefits packages had larger effects on job preferences than equivalent salary increases. Improving working conditions is critical to attracting and retaining appropriate health cadres responsible for the country’s HIV services, especially in the public sector and underserved, often rural, communities. Crucially, our evidence suggests that factors amenable to improvement such as workplace conditions and remuneration packages have a greater influence on healthcare workers employment decisions than employment sector or location.
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McNabb, K. C., A. Bergman, and J. E. Farley. "Risk factors for poor engagement in drug-resistant TB care in South Africa: a systematic review." Public Health Action 11, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.21.0007.
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BACKGROUND: Metrics of poor patient engagement, including missed appointments, treatment interruption, sub-optimal medication adherence, and loss to follow-up, have been linked to poor clinical multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) outcomes. Understanding the risk factors for poor patient engagement is necessary to improve outcomes and control TB. This review synthesizes the risk factors for poor patient engagement in MDR-TB treatment across South Africa.DESIGN: A systematic review of five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science) was conducted, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. Articles were included if they provided information about risk factors associated with poor engagement among adults (15 years) in treatment for MDR-TB in South Africa. Reviews, editorials, abstracts, and case studies were excluded.RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Male sex and younger age were the most consistently identified risk factors for poor engagement; however, there was a lack of consistency in the choice of covariates, measurement of the variables, analytic methods, and significant factors associated with poor engagement between studies. Alcohol use, substance use, living with HIV, pulmonary TB site, and ethnicity were all identified as risk factors in at least one included study, while formal housing and steady employment were found to be protective.CONCLUSION: The available literature offers little cohesive data to address poor patient engagement in this population. Further research needs to focus on identifying and addressing risk factors for poor patient engagement. This is particularly salient within the context of newer all-oral and short-course MDR-TB treatment regimens.
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Odiase, Osamuede, Suzanne Wilkinson, and Andreas Neef. "South African community in Auckland." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-02-2019-0052.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the resilience of the South African community in Auckland to a potential hazard event. Design/methodology/approach The research collected data from both primary and secondary sources. The research used parametric and non-parametric analytical procedures for quantitative data and a general inductive approach to qualitative data analysis and a three-step coding cycle for interviews. A content analytical process of theme formation was used to analyse secondary materials. The research discussed findings in line with related studies on community resilience. Findings The aggregate community resilience index was above average on the scale of 1–5. The highest and lowest contributions to the resilience of the South African community came from communication and information and physical capacities of the community. Although the highest contribution came from the communication domain, there is a need to sensitise the community on the importance of real-time information for resilience. Community ability to respond as a first responder and to access diverse sources was low because of a lack of interest in disaster risk reduction activities and membership of associations. Intervention in the economic domain and affordable housing is needed to assist low-income earners in coping with a potential disaster and enhance future resilience. Research limitations/implications The practical resilience of the community is limited to the time of this research. The state of resilience might change in longitudinal research due to changes in resources and ecosystem. The research did not consider institutional and natural domains because its focus was to predict resilience at the individual level. Practical implications At-risk societies could enhance their resilience through a periodic audit into its resources, identify indicators of low resilience and carry out interventions to address potential vulnerabilities. Besides the importance of resource in resilience, the research illuminates the need to address the question of who is resilient and resources distribution in the community. The issues are imperative in community resilience as they underpinned the personal ability to preparedness, response and recover from a disaster. Originality/value Although the research provides insight into the resilience of the South African community, it constitutes preliminary research towards a further understanding of the resilience of the South African community in Auckland.
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Grier, Karissa, Jennie L. Hill, Felicia Reese, Constance Covington, Franchennette Bennette, Lorien MacAuley, and Jamie Zoellner. "Feasibility of an experiential community garden and nutrition programme for youth living in public housing." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 15 (February 23, 2015): 2759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015000087.
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AbstractObjectiveFew published community garden studies have focused on low socio-economic youth living in public housing or used a community-based participatory research approach in conjunction with youth-focused community garden programmes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility (i.e. demand, acceptability, implementation and limited-effectiveness testing) of a 10-week experiential theory-based gardening and nutrition education programme targeting youth living in public housing.DesignIn this mixed-methods feasibility study, demand and acceptability were measured using a combination of pre- and post-programme surveys and interviews. Implementation was measured via field notes and attendance. Limited-effectiveness was measured quantitatively using a pre–post design and repeated-measures ANOVA tests.SettingTwo public housing sites in the Dan River Region of south central Virginia, USA.SubjectsForty-three youth (primarily African American), twenty-five parents and two site leaders.ResultsThe positive demand and acceptability findings indicate the high potential of the programme to be used and be suitable for the youth, parents and site leaders. Field notes revealed numerous implementation facilitators and barriers. Youth weekly attendance averaged 4·6 of 10 sessions. Significant improvements (P<0·05) were found for some (e.g. fruit and vegetable asking self-efficacy, overall gardening knowledge, knowledge of MyPlate recommendations), but not all limited-effectiveness measures (e.g. willingness to try fruits and vegetables, fruit and vegetable eating self-efficacy).ConclusionsThis community-based participatory research study demonstrates numerous factors that supported and threatened the feasibility of a gardening and nutrition programme targeting youth in public housing. Lessons learned are being used to adapt and strengthen the programme for future efforts targeting fruit and vegetable behaviours.
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Mokoena, B. T., and J. P. Sebola. "A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION URBAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LAND EXPROPRIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A STRATEGIC APPROACH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 25, 2020): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-399-2020.
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Abstract. The land question in South Africa has been a long-standing issue for more than 360 years. Consequent to unjust legislation such as The Natives Land Act No.27 of 1913 to this day, there is a racial imbalance in the distribution of land ownership in South Africa. Coupled with the socio-economic and spatial segregative mandates of the apartheid-government to enrich the white minority, such unjust legislation fostered mass-land dispossessions and displacements of black people relocating them to peripheral areas known as ‘Bantu stands’ where they were further ethnically grouped in remote from socio-economic opportunities. The preceding has resulted in the impoverishment of the black people as they no longer had land – their primary source of livelihood. The limited access to land by black people remains true in post-apartheid South Africa.Since the dawn of democracy, limited access to urban land has coursed challenges for housing development. Spatial transformation towards socio-economic integration has also become problematic as large areas of strategically located land remain locked in the hands of the minorities. Thus, to realise the mandates of South Africa’s democratic government – equal access to land and opportunities, this land needs to be acquired, particularly for the previously disadvantaged, poor, and landless.As cities move towards being smart, this research will demonstrate the use of Evidence Based Planning (EBP) in order to assist Local Government to foster scientific decision making methods. The use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a method to develop a Strategic Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) as a Planning Support System (PSS) that will be used to investigate the best suitable land for possible expropriation. Various criteria such as proximity to road connectivity, proximity to current and future economic activity, proximity to public transport routes, dolomitic land, priority areas and proximity to city centres are some of the criteria selected for the research. The Strategic Spatial Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) enabled us to stream line significant criteria and processes that where specific to strategic urban development in the Benoni town situated in the City of Ekurhuleni using critical spatial policy and strategic objectives of the city.
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Kua, Kok Pim, and Shaun Wen Huey Lee. "Randomized trials of housing interventions to prevent malaria and Aedes-transmitted diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e0244284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244284.
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Background Mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant public health problem in tropical regions. Housing improvements such as screening of doors and windows may be effective in reducing disease transmission, but the impact remains unclear. Objectives To examine whether housing interventions were effective in reducing mosquito densities in homes and the impact on the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 16 online databases, including NIH PubMed, CINAHL Complete, LILACS, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized trials published from database inception to June 30, 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of any mosquito-borne diseases. Secondary outcomes encompassed entomological indicators of the disease transmission. I2 values were used to explore heterogeneity between studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the primary and secondary outcomes, with sub-group analyses for type of interventions on home environment, study settings (rural, urban, or mixed), and overall house type (traditional or modern housing), Results The literature search yielded 4,869 articles. After screening, 18 studies were included in the qualitative review, of which nine were included in the meta-analysis. The studies enrolled 7,200 households in Africa and South America, reporting on malaria or dengue only. The type of home environmental interventions included modification to ceilings and ribbons to close eaves, screening doors and windows with nets, insecticide-treated wall linings in homes, nettings over gables and eaves openings, mosquito trapping systems, metal-roofed houses with mosquito screening, gable windows and closed eaves, and prototype houses using southeast Asian designs. Pooled analysis depicted a lower risk of mosquito-borne diseases in the housing intervention group (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.95; P = 0.03). Subgroup analysis depicted housing intervention reduced the risk of malaria in all settings (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.01; P = 0.05). In urban environment, housing intervention was found to decrease the risk of both malaria and dengue infections (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.99; P = 0.05).Meta-analysis of pooled odds ratio showed a significant benefit of improved housing in reducing indoor vector densities of both Aedes and Anopheles (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.54; P<0.001). Conclusions Housing intervention could reduce transmission of malaria and dengue among people living in the homes. Future research should evaluate the protective effect of specific house features and housing improvements associated with urban development.
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Kua, Kok Pim, and Shaun Wen Huey Lee. "Randomized trials of housing interventions to prevent malaria and Aedes-transmitted diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e0244284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244284.
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Background Mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant public health problem in tropical regions. Housing improvements such as screening of doors and windows may be effective in reducing disease transmission, but the impact remains unclear. Objectives To examine whether housing interventions were effective in reducing mosquito densities in homes and the impact on the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 16 online databases, including NIH PubMed, CINAHL Complete, LILACS, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized trials published from database inception to June 30, 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of any mosquito-borne diseases. Secondary outcomes encompassed entomological indicators of the disease transmission. I2 values were used to explore heterogeneity between studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the primary and secondary outcomes, with sub-group analyses for type of interventions on home environment, study settings (rural, urban, or mixed), and overall house type (traditional or modern housing), Results The literature search yielded 4,869 articles. After screening, 18 studies were included in the qualitative review, of which nine were included in the meta-analysis. The studies enrolled 7,200 households in Africa and South America, reporting on malaria or dengue only. The type of home environmental interventions included modification to ceilings and ribbons to close eaves, screening doors and windows with nets, insecticide-treated wall linings in homes, nettings over gables and eaves openings, mosquito trapping systems, metal-roofed houses with mosquito screening, gable windows and closed eaves, and prototype houses using southeast Asian designs. Pooled analysis depicted a lower risk of mosquito-borne diseases in the housing intervention group (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.95; P = 0.03). Subgroup analysis depicted housing intervention reduced the risk of malaria in all settings (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.01; P = 0.05). In urban environment, housing intervention was found to decrease the risk of both malaria and dengue infections (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.99; P = 0.05).Meta-analysis of pooled odds ratio showed a significant benefit of improved housing in reducing indoor vector densities of both Aedes and Anopheles (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.54; P<0.001). Conclusions Housing intervention could reduce transmission of malaria and dengue among people living in the homes. Future research should evaluate the protective effect of specific house features and housing improvements associated with urban development.
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Odunitan-Wayas, Feyisayo A., Mieke Faber, Amy E. Mendham, Julia H. Goedecke, Lisa K. Micklesfield, Naomi E. Brooks, Dirk L. Christensen, et al. "Food Security, Dietary Intake, and Foodways of Urban Low-Income Older South African Women: An Exploratory Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083973.
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This cross-sectional study explored the differences in sociodemographics, dietary intake, and household foodways (cultural, socioeconomic practices that affect food purchase, consumption, and preferences) of food secure and food insecure older women living in a low-income urban setting in South Africa. Women (n = 122) aged 60–85 years old were recruited, a sociodemographic questionnaire was completed, and food security categories were determined. The categories were dichotomised into food secure (food secure and mild food insecurity) and food insecure (moderate and severe). A one-week quantified food frequency questionnaire was administered. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). Most participants (>90%) were overweight/obese, unmarried/widowed, and breadwinners with a low monthly household income. Food insecure participants (36.9%) more frequently borrowed money for food (57.8% vs. 39.0%, p = 0.04), ate less so that their children could have more to eat (64.4%. vs. 27.3%, p = 0.001), and had higher housing density (1.2 vs. 1.0, p = 0.03), compared to their food-secure counterparts. Overall, <30% of participants met the WHO (Geneva, Switzerland) recommended daily servings of healthy foods (fruits, vegetables, and dairy products), but >60% perceived that they consumed an adequate amount of healthy foods. The overall low-quality diet of our cohort was associated with poor nutritional perceptions and choices, coupled with financial constraints.
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Onyango, Peggy Achieng, Daniel Ter Goon, and Ntombana Mc’ Deline Rala. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Health-seeking behaviour among Patients with Tuberculosis: A Cross-sectional Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010739.
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Background: South Africa is hugely overburdened with the cases of Tuberculosis (TB); individual’s lack of knowledge, attitude towards the disease and delays in health-seeking behaviour, are indirectly associated with death. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and treatment of TB, and further examined the health-seeking behaviour of TB patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 327 conveniently selected participants with TB from three community health centres in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, Eastern Cape, South Africa. A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect demographic details, knowledge, attitude and health-seeking behaviour variables. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was considered at alpha <0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The majority of these TB patients indicated that cold air (76.5%), a dusty environment (85.9%), TB bacteria in the air (88.4%), and smoking (84.7%) had caused the disease. About 87.2% of the respondents indicated that TB treatment duration took six months or longer. Participants thought that follow-up sputum tests are an important part of TB treatment (70.6%); non-adherence to TB treatment might lead to drug-resistant TB or death (80%); TB disease could turn into HIV if not properly treated (77.4%) and that individuals with TB disease have HIV (59.9%). About 56.9% participants felt that TB treatment is difficult, takes a long time, is unpleasant, interferes with work or marriage, and people who drink and smoke are to blame for its spread (60.6%). The majority of the participants (74.0%) disagreed with TB being an African disease and 53.5% did not associate TB with poverty. The majority of the participants (92%) indicated that follow-ups at clinics were avoided because of stigmatisation. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the informal housing scheme was a statistically significant (p<0.05) factor determining the correct knowledge of TB (AOR=0.556; 95% CI: 0.316-0.977). There was a statistically significant association among TB knowledge, attitude and health-seeking behaviour. Conclusion: The participants generally had good knowledge about TB; however, there were misconceptions regarding its spread by cold air and dusty environments. The majority of participants did not attend follow-up TB treatment because of fear of stigmatisation. Formal settlements are associated with the correct knowledge of TB. Measures aimed at addressing the misconceptions about TB and its treatment are needed.
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Gebrekristos, Hirut T., Stephen C. Resch, Khangelani Zuma, and Mark N. Lurie. "Estimating the Impact of Establishing Family Housing on the Annual Risk of HIV Infection in South African Mining Communities." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 32, no. 6 (June 2005): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000154496.61014.10.
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Massyn, Mark William, Robert McGaffin, Francois Viruly, and Nicole Hopkins. "The challenge of developing higher density, affordable housing in the inner city of Cape Town." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 8, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-11-2014-0049.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the economics of providing well-located housing in the inner city of Cape Town. The paper emphasises the need to maintain an appropriate balance between the viability and affordability of the product offered to the market and overcoming the value versus cost challenges. While developers have limited influence over value, they do have influence over cost structures through the development approach that is chosen. Moreover, local authorities influence the viability of projects through standards and regulations. The conclusion drawn from the research has considerable implications for the formulation of market-driven housing policy interventions. Design/methodology/approach – In addition to the review of urban economics theory and the literature on the drivers and costs of inner-city, higher-density residential development, a series of interviews with inner-city residential developers was conducted to access current property development cost data and to identify the parameters that determine the viability of inner-city, high-density residential development. Findings – Cape Town, like other South African cities, suffers from being inefficient and inequitable largely due to its low density and sprawling nature. As a result, most planning- and housing-related policy interventions advocate the provision the higher-density, more affordable residential housing in well-located areas such as the inner city. However, to date, these policies have, on the whole, been unsuccessful in achieving these outcomes. This paper argues that this is because these policies largely do not take urban economics into account and fail to address the value versus cost tension that needs to be overcome to allow for the provision of such accommodation. Based on the viability calculations provided, the research illustrates the main cost drivers associated with higher-density, inner-city residential development and makes certain recommendations as to how these cost barriers can be reduced. Research limitations/implications – Financing arrangements and taxation implications have not been accounted for as these are often specific to the developer and thus cannot be generalised. Practical implications – The solutions put forward by the paper offer lower-income households the ability to successfully compete with higher-income households and other land uses for well-located space in Cape Town’s inner city. Social implications – The findings of this research illustrate the type of interventions that the public and private sectors can consider to improve the viability and affordability of affordable housing units in city centres located in emerging countries. Originality/value – While traditional urban economic concepts are drawn upon, the paper contributes to addressing the challenge of providing higher-density, more affordable accommodation in South African inner cities. It does this by applying these well-known concepts to the inner city of Cape Town and draws on current data and developer views to accurately diagnose the problem and, in turn, to offer pragmatic solutions.
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Fox, Branson, Anne Trolard, Mason Simmons, Jessica E. Meyers, and Matt Vogel. "Assessing the Differential Impact of Vacancy on Criminal Violence in the City of St. Louis, MO." Criminal Justice Review 46, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016821996795.
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This study employs risk terrain modeling to identify the spatial correlates of aggravated assault and homicide in St. Louis, MO. We build upon the empirical literature by (1) replicating recent research examining the role of vacancy in the concentration of criminal violence and (2) examining whether the environmental correlates of violence vary between north and south St. Louis, a boundary that has long divided the city along racial and socioeconomic lines. Our results indicate that vacancy presents a strong, consistent risk for both homicide and aggravated assault and that this pattern emerges most clearly in the northern part of the city which is majority African American and has suffered chronic disinvestment. The concentration of criminal violence in South City is driven primarily by public hubs including housing, transportation, and schools. Our results underscore the importance of vacancy as a driver of the spatial concentration of violent crime and point to potential heterogeneity in risk terrain modeling results when applied to large metropolitan areas. Situational crime prevention strategies would be well served to consider such spatial contingencies as the risk factors driving violent crime are neither uniformly distributed across space nor uniform in their impact on criminal violence.
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Rautenbach, Christa. "Editorial." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 18, no. 4 (February 12, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2015/v18i4a602.
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This edition of PER consists of one oratio, 13 articles and one book review dealing with a variety of themes.The first contribution is an oratio delivered by Lourens du Plessis at a colloquium hosted by the Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, on 2 October 2015 to celebrate his life and work, in which he aptly refers to himself as a "learned jackal for justice".The first of the 13 articles is by Lonias Ndlovu, who uses the 2013 Supreme Court of India case of Novartis AG v Union of India to argue for legislative reform by SADC members in the granting of patents for new versions of old medicines. Secondly, Lunga Siyo and John Mubangizi consider whether the existing constitutional and legislative mechanisms provide sufficient judicial independence to South African judges, which is fundamental to democracy.Leah Ndimurwimo and Melvin Mbao trace the root causes of Burundi's systemic armed violence and argue that despite several UN Security Council Resolutions and peace agreements aimed at national reconciliation and reconstruction, mass killings and other heinous crimes remain unaddressed. In the fourth place, Marelize Marais and Jan Pretorius present a detailed contextual analysis of the categorical prohibition of hate speech in terms of section 10(1) of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 (the Equality Act). Phillipa King and Christine Reddell discuss the pivotal role of the public in water use rights, especially in the context of theNational Water Act 36 of 1998 in the fifth article. The difficulties surrounding the tripartite scheme of statutory, constitutional and living law in a pluralistic system such as South Africa are the focus of the article by Rita Ozoemena. She uses the case of Mayelane v Ngwenyama 2013 4 SA 415 (CC) as an example to illustrate the difficulties experienced in trying to balance this scheme. Angela van der Berg critically discusses and describes from a legal perspective the potential and function of public-private partnerships (PPPs) between local government (municipalities) and the private sector in fulfilling the legally entrenched disaster management mandate of municipalities. André van der Walt and Sue-Mari Viljoen argue that there are sound theoretical and systemic reasons why it is necessary to keep in mind the differences between property, land rights and housing rights when analysing, interpreting and applying any of these rights in a specific constitutional text. The special procedural measures which must be considered in terms of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 in order to decide if a contract is procedurally fair are analysed by Philip Stoop in his article. Liz Lewis also scrutinises the judicial development of customary law in the case of Mayelane v Ngwenyama 2013 4 SA 415 (CC). She pleads for a judicial approach which take cognisance of the norms and values with reference to their particular context and audience instead of those embedded in international and western law. Water security, which is dealt with by Ed Couzens, remains a highly topical theme in a country such as South Africa. He explores ways to circumvent the effects of the Constitutional Court in Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg 2010 4 SA 1 (CC) with regard to the allocation of water to the poor. Izelle du Plessis discusses some of the existing opinions regarding the incorporation of double taxation agreements into the domestic law of South Africa. Last, but not least, Koos Malan deliberates on the rule of law and constitutional supremacy and comes to the conclusion that they are, from the perspective of the factual dimension of the law, more susceptible to the volatility of unpredictable changes and instability than the doctrine of the rule of law and constitutional supremacy purport them to be.In the last contribution to this edition, Robbie Robinson reviews the book "International Law and Child Soldiers" written by Gus Waschefort and published by Hart Publishing (Oxford) in 2015. He is of the opinion that the book is asine qua non for studies of children in international law.
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Mills, Glen. "Housing in South Africa." Urban Forum 4, no. 2 (June 1993): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036554.
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Wilkinson, Peter. "Housing policy in South Africa." Habitat International 22, no. 3 (September 1998): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(98)00001-0.
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Goodlad, Robina. "The Housing Challenge in South Africa." Urban Studies 33, no. 9 (November 1996): 1629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098966538.
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Huchzermeyer, Marie. "Housing for the poor? Negotiated housing policy in South Africa." Habitat International 25, no. 3 (September 2001): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(00)00037-0.
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Ganiyu, Bashir Olanrewaju, Julius Ayodeji Fapohunda, and Rainer Haldenwang. "Sustainable housing financing model to reduce South Africa housing deficit." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-07-2016-0051.
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Purpose This study aims to identify and establish effective housing financing concepts to be adopted by government in achieving its mandate of providing sustainable affordable housing for the poor to decrease the building of shacks, as well as proposing solutions to the housing deficit in South Africa. A rise in demand and shortage in supply of housing calls for the need to address issues of affordable housing in South Africa, and developing countries in general, to ensure a stable and promising future for poor families. Design/methodology/approach Literature has revealed that the South African government, at all levels, accorded high priority to the provision of low-cost housing. Thus, government has adopted subsidy payment as a method of financing affordable housing to ensure that houses are allocated free to the beneficiaries. This also addresses the historically race-based inequalities of the past, but unfortunately, this has not been fully realised. This study uses a sequential mixed method approach, where private housing developers and general building contractors were the research participants. The qualitative data were analysed using a case-by-case analysis, and quantitative data were analysed using a descriptive statistical technique on SPSS. Findings The results of the qualitative analysis reveal a gross abuse of the housing subsidies system by the beneficiaries of government-funded housing in South Africa. This is evident from illegal sale of the houses below market value. This has led to a continual building of shacks and an increased number of people on the housing waiting list instead of a decrease in the housing deficit. The results from quantitative analysis affirm the use of “Mortgage Payment Subsidies, Mortgage Payment Deductions, Down-Payment Grant and Mortgage Interest Deductions” as viable alternatives to subsidy payment currently in use to finance affordable housing projects by the South African Government. Practical implications At the moment, the focus of the South African National Government is continual provision of free housing to the historically disadvantage citizens, but the housing financing method being used encourages unapproved transfer of ownership in the affordable housing sector. This study thus recommends the use of an all-inclusive housing financing method that requires a monetary contribution from the beneficiaries to enable them take control of the process. Originality/value The relational interface model proposed in this study will reduce pressure on government budgetary provision for housing and guarantee quick return of private developers’ investment in housing. Government must, as a matter of urgency, launch a continuous awareness programme to educate the low-income population on the value and the long-term benefits of the housing.
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Pillay, A. "South Africa: Access to land and housing." International Journal of Constitutional Law 5, no. 3 (June 13, 2007): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mom019.
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Abrahams, Gemey, David Gardner, and Hillary Monare. "Housing strategy in a transitional South Africa." Urban Forum 4, no. 1 (March 1993): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036585.
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Aye, Goodness C., Mehmet Balcilar, Adél Bosch, and Rangan Gupta. "Housing and the business cycle in South Africa." Journal of Policy Modeling 36, no. 3 (May 2014): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2014.03.001.
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Mills, Sophie. "The Kuyasa Fund: housing microcredit in South Africa." Environment and Urbanization 19, no. 2 (October 2007): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247807082825.
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Tomlinson, Richard. "Land for low-income housing in South Africa." Urban Forum 1, no. 2 (June 1990): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036575.
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Schaller, Brian G. A. "Solar benefits for mass housing in South Africa." Renewable Energy 8, no. 1-4 (May 1996): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(96)88862-8.
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Hermanson, Judith. "Equalising Housing Opportunities in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Open House International 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2005-b0014.
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Faced with a dearth of affordable housing opportunities, even after the end of Apartheid, residents from Motherwell, South Africa, turned to CHF International for help. CHF provided residents with the technical assistance, organisational support and bridging finance they needed to build their own high-quality homes, through a method that allowed the use of relatively unskilled labour. After helping residents form the Sakhezethu NgoManyano Housing Association and establishing the Assisted Self-Help Model, community members built a total of 395 safe and affordable houses to which they have full title. This model has been transferred throughout South Africa, with thousands of houses built using the concepts for the development of housing and community that it established.
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Chenwi, Lilian. "Housing for persons with disabilities in South Africa." International Journal of Housing Policy 21, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19491247.2020.1805145.
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