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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Public land policy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Public land policy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Public land policy"

1

Frederic, Paul B. "Public policy and land development." Land Use Policy 8, no. 1 (January 1991): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(91)90053-l.

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O'Riordan, Timothy. "Energy, land and public policy." Land Use Policy 9, no. 2 (April 1992): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(92)90025-r.

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GAFFNEY, MASON. "LAND RENT, TAXATION, AND PUBLIC POLICY." Papers in Regional Science 23, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1969.tb01406.x.

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Rabinovitch, Jonas. "Innovative land use and public transport policy." Land Use Policy 13, no. 1 (January 1996): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(95)00023-2.

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Parker, Dominic P., and Walter N. Thurman. "Private Land Conservation and Public Policy: Land Trusts, Land Owners, and Conservation Easements." Annual Review of Resource Economics 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100518-094121.

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We highlight the extraordinary growth in private conservation via land trusts and conservation easements and describe the problems arising from the interplay of public finance and private decisions. We offer a framework for understanding the popularity of easements and land trusts and for evaluating policy reforms aimed at improving their performance. The framework, grounded in institutional and organizational economics in the tradition of Ronald Coase, Oliver Williamson, and Yoram Barzel, focuses on the measurement and monitoring costs faced by public and private stakeholders under current and prospective policy arrangements. We illustrate how the framework can be applied to contemporary debates about the appropriate tax treatment of donated easements, requirements that they be held in perpetuity, and the extent to which government should regulate private land trusts.

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Teklu, Tesfaye. "Rural Land, Emerging Rental Land Markets and Public Policy in Ethiopia." African Development Review 16, no. 1 (April 2004): 169–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2004.00088.x.

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Pyle, Lizbeth A., and Rutherford H. Platt. "Land Use Control: Geography, Law, and Public Policy." Geographical Review 83, no. 1 (January 1993): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215385.

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Lam, Soi Hoi, and Trinh Dinh Toan. "Land Transport Policy and Public Transport in Singapore." Transportation 33, no. 2 (March 2006): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-005-3049-z.

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Lim, Gill-Chin. "Land markets and public policy: A conceptual framework." Habitat International 11, no. 1 (January 1987): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(87)90031-2.

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Jackson, Richard H. "Land use control: Geography, law and public policy." Land Use Policy 9, no. 4 (October 1992): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(92)90010-t.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public land policy"

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Bashaasha, Bernard. "Public Policy and Rural Land Use in Uganda." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1216922017.

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Okafor, Uzochukwu Godsway Ojo. "Computer-assisted analysis of Namibian land reform policy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2982.

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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
The focus of this research is on the analysis of Namibian land reform policy. The primary objective is to identify the prevailing values behind the land reform, formulate precise objectives that reflect the inherent values, and analyse the existing options with a view to identifying the delivery mechanism(s) most appropriate to meeting the land reform objectives and to delivering the desired outcomes in a sustainable way. Namibia inherited skewed land ownership. The land reform debate focuses mainly on the redistribution of commercial farms, which are mostly owned by whites, and the tenure reform in the communal areas. The Namibian land reform rests on a tripartite scheme: Resettlement, Affirmative Action Loan Scheme (AALS) and the Development of Communal Areas (DCA). These approaches are governed by a number of policies and laws. Land reform is a very complex and emotion-laden phenomenon with multiple dimensions, which include moral, historical, social, economic, environmental and technical aspects. The land question in Namibia is a race question. While politicians argue publicly that land reform is important to boost the economy and reduce poverty, in reality the focus is on having more black Namibians own more of Namibia’s commercial farmland. This discrepancy between public pronouncements and actual motive may be responsible for the lack of clear objectives for the land reform policy. The analysis of Namibian land reform policy will require formulation of precise objectives. Because Namibia is the driest country south of the Sahara, sustainable management of land is imperative. Finding ways of achieving a politically acceptable racial balance of commercial land ownership and sustainable utilisation of redistributed land within an optimum time span is a challenge. The formulation of Namibian land reform policy was not preceded by any attempt at prior policy analysis. An ad hoc and crisis-management approach prevailed. A policy issue analysis approach has been used in this study. It is based primarily on a literature review augmented with questionnaires and interviews with selected key stakeholders. A stratified sampling technique was applied in the selection of the key stakeholders. The three groups identified were the policy-formulation and implementation group, the commercial farmers and the emerging farmers. VISA, a multi-criteria decision analysis package, was used to analyse and compare the three land reform approaches, while PolicyMaker software was used to analyse political actors and suggest strategies that can enhance the policy’s feasibility. The literature review and questionnaires revealed that the objectives of the land reform policy include correcting the skewed ownership of commercial farmland to reflect the demography of Namibia, alleviating poverty and achieving social and economic equity for all citizens. The programme should be sociologically, economically and environmentally sustainable. Combining all these objectives as criteria for evaluation, VISA demonstrates that the affirmative action loan scheme has the greatest potential for meeting the objectives followed by resettlement and development of communal areas respectively. Using the PolicyMaker software, stakeholders were categorised into supporters, opponents and non-mobilised; opportunities and obstacles were identified and strategies devised to harness opportunities and diffuse opposition.
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Syme, Robert Anthony. "Public policy and unemployment in France, 1920-1938." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104945/.

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This study is an attempt to highlight the relative importance of unemployment in France in the 1930s, despite the very low rate of aggregate unemployment. It has been shown that even if one accepts the official unemployment figures, they disguised a very large structural imbalance within the unemployed group. There was great variation in the incidence of unemployment among the sub-groups of the population and the economy, and the duration of unemployment for those affected was very high, even by international standards. This preponderance of long-term unemployment necessitated government action, of which three policies are studied in this Thesis: the public works programmes of 1932- 1936, the repatriation of foreign workers and the 40-hour week. Using both archival and quantitative analysis, examination of the effectiveness of the policies concerned in reducing unemployment has been undertaken. The results show that the government’s anti-unemployment policies did reduce unemployment, but their effectiveness was compromised by the hostility of employers to the legislation regarding foreign workers and hours of work and by the government’s own policy of remaining on the gold standard. The battles over the implementation of these measures are as important as the measures themselves, and raise questions about the ability of governments to affect the workings of the labour market when it does not directly implement the policies itself.

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Chavez, Andrea B. "Public policy and spatial variation in land use and land cover in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024388.

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Briggs, Rebecca S. "Oregon's agricultural lands preservation policy : an analysis of effectiveness in the Willamette Valley /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9129.

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Andam, Kwaw Senyi. "Essays on the evaluation of land use policy the effects of regulatory protection on land use and social welfare /." Diss., unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092008-151604/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Paul J. Ferraro, committee chair ; Alexander Pfaff, Gary T. Henry, Gregory B. Lewis, Douglas S. Noonan, committee members. Electronic text (99 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-98).

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Mees, Paul. "Public transport policy and land use in Melbourne and Toronto, 1950 to 1990 /." Connect to thesis, 1997. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000155.

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Andam, Kwaw Senyi. "Essays on the Evaluation of Land Use Policy: The Effects of Regulatory Protection on Land Use and Social Welfare." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/20.

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Societies frequently implement land use policies to regulate resource extraction or to regulate development. However, two important policy questions remain unresolved. First, how effective are land use regulations? Second, how do land use regulations affect socioeconomic conditions? Three issues complicate the evaluation of land use policies: (1) overt bias may lead to incorrect estimates of policy effects if implementation is nonrandom; (2) the policy may affect outcomes in neighboring unregulated lands; and (3) unobservable differences between regulated and unregulated lands may lead to biased assessments. Previous evaluations of land use policies fail to address these sources of bias simultaneously. In this dissertation, I develop an approach, using matching methods, which jointly accounts for these complications. I apply the approach to evaluate the effects of Costa Rica s protected areas on land use and socioeconomic outcomes between 1960 and 2000. I find that: (1) protection prevented the deforestation of only 10 percent or less of protected forests; (2) protection resulted in reforestation of only 20 percent of non-forest areas that were protected; (3) protection had little effect on land use outside protected areas, most likely because, as noted above, protected areas had only small effects on land use inside protected areas; and (4) there is little evidence that protected areas had harmful impacts on the livelihoods of local communities: on the contrary, I find that protection had small positive effects on socioeconomic outcomes. Furthermore, the methods traditionally used to conduct such evaluations are biased. In contrast to the findings above, those conventional methods overestimated the amount of avoided deforestation and erroneously implied that protection had negative impacts on the livelihoods of local communities. This dissertation contributes to policymaking by providing empirical measures of protected area effectiveness. Although annual global expenditures on protected areas are about $6.5 billion, little is known to date about the returns on these investments. This study also indicates that policymakers should give careful consideration to current proposals to compensate communities living in or around protected areas: contrary to widely held assumptions, the findings suggest that protection may not have harmful effects on socioeconomic outcomes.

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Callihoo, Christine. "Participation equality in the public policy process, the Clayoquot Land Use Decision." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62467.pdf.

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Ball, Susan. "Interest representation in land use planning policy processes : a case study." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290419.

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Books on the topic "Public land policy"

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Council, Kampala (Uganda) City. Land management policy. [Kampala]: The Council, 1990.

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Casper, Dale E. Public lands and public policy: Law and legislation, 1983-1988. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1989.

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H, Bull Gregory, Kieve Jeffrey L, and Balchin Paul N, eds. Urban land economics and public policy. 5th ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1995.

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Balchin, Paul N., Gregory H. Bull, and Jeffrey L. Kieve. Urban Land Economics and Public Policy. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13652-0.

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Balchin, Paul N. Urban land economics and public policy. 4th ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education, 1988.

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Balchin, Paul N., Jeffrey L. Kieve, and Gregory H. Bull. Urban Land Economics and Public Policy. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19444-5.

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United States Bureau of Land Management. Protecting public land resources. Washington, D.C.?: Bureau of Land Management, 1986.

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Colin, Jones. Office markets & public policy. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013.

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9

Land use control: Geography, law, and public policy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1991.

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Arrandale, Tom. Public land policy: Are sweeping management changes necessary? Washington, D.C: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public land policy"

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Afolabi, Olugbemiga Samuel. "Land Governance in Africa." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4007-1.

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Huitema, Dave. "Siting Unwanted Land Uses: Does Interactive Decision Making Help?" In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 171–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3457-8_9.

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Phang, Sock-Yong. "Land Acquisition for “Any Public Purpose”." In Policy Innovations for Affordable Housing In Singapore, 13–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75349-2_2.

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Moyo, Sam. "The Politics of Land Distribution and Race Relations in Southern Africa." In Racism and Public Policy, 242–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554986_10.

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Balchin, Paul N., Jeffrey L. Kieve, and Gregory H. Bull. "Welfare Economics, Land and the Environment." In Urban Land Economics and Public Policy, 136–70. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19444-5_6.

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Balchin, Paul N., Gregory H. Bull, and Jeffrey L. Kieve. "Welfare Economics, Land and the Environment." In Urban Land Economics and Public Policy, 165–210. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13652-0_6.

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Balchin, Paul N., Jeffrey L. Kieve, and Gregory H. Bull. "Land Values, Proprietary Interests and Town Planning." In Urban Land Economics and Public Policy, 272–96. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19444-5_9.

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Balchin, Paul N., Jeffrey L. Kieve, and Gregory H. Bull. "Introduction." In Urban Land Economics and Public Policy, 1–12. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19444-5_1.

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Balchin, Paul N., Jeffrey L. Kieve, and Gregory H. Bull. "The Construction Industry in the United Kingdom." In Urban Land Economics and Public Policy, 297–331. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19444-5_10.

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Balchin, Paul N., Jeffrey L. Kieve, and Gregory H. Bull. "The Market and the Location of Urban Land Uses." In Urban Land Economics and Public Policy, 13–54. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19444-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Public land policy"

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Arifin, M. Zainal, and Bintoro Wardiyanto. "Conflict of Land and Spatial Transfer Policy in Surabaya City:." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Business and Public Administration (AICoBPA 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201116.020.

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Hanida, Rozidateno Putri, Fachrur Rozi, and Bimbi Irawan. "Policy Advocacy Strategy for Protecting the Existence of Communal Land Ownership in Investment Activities." In International Conference on Public Administration, Policy and Governance (ICPAPG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.214.

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Naldo, Rony Andre Christian, and Ningrum Natasya Sirait. "Implementation of Corporate Absolute Responsibility for Land Fires Causing Air Pollution." In International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development 2017 (ICOPOSDev 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoposdev-17.2018.12.

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Kurniati, Poni Sukaesih. "Implementation of Tax Policy on Acquisition of Land And Building Rights in Bandung City." In International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development 2017 (ICOPOSDev 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoposdev-17.2018.22.

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Candradewini, Ms. "The Policy Implementation of Land and Building Tax after Fiscal Decentralization in Cimahi City." In International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development 2017 (ICOPOSDev 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoposdev-17.2018.27.

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Suhadi, Suhadi, and Sudijono Sastroatmodjo. "Temporary Compensation Policy For Village Land Taken Over By The Government For Public Interest." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2020, July 1st 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-7-2020.2303663.

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Mohler, Richard. "Bottom-Up, Top-Down, and the Messy Reality of the In-Between." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.19.9.

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"This paper reflects my recent five-year experience as a practicing architect, educator and advocate embedded in the contentious fray of public discourse regarding housing and land use policy in Seattle. During this period I testified before city council regarding proposed housing-focused land use legislation, presented my analysis of that policy in professional and community forums, published opinion pieces in the Seattle Times, coordinated the housing advocacy efforts of AIA Seattle, conducted graduate-level design studios focused on the topic at the University of Washington, and presented the student work (often with students) in venues throughout the city. I ended this period of local advocacy in 2018, when I was appointed to the Seattle Planning Commission, although I continue to help coordinate AIA Seattle’s advocacy efforts as co-chair of its Public Policy Board."

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OGRYZEK, Marek, and Krzysztof RZĄSA. "THE SOCIAL ASPECTS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.153.

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The rural development policy of the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury in Poland (APS) is conducted by The Agricultural Property Agency – APA (since 1.09.2017 – The National Centre for Agriculture Support). The property managed by the APA includes agricultural land, forests, farm buildings, residential buildings as well as equipment and devices that are part of the social, technical, production, commercial and service infrastructure. The aim of research was to proof the influence of the gratuitous transfer of land from the APS to local government units, to engage them in social activities. The main methods used for it were: the analyse of legal acts in Poland, the analyse of reports and statistic data from APA and method of cartographic presentation – quantitative, cartogram. This article focuses on the social aspects of the APA’s operations, based on an analysis of the data supplied by the Regional Branch of the Agricultural Property Agency in Olsztyn. The results of the analyses were presented in table format. The rural development policy concerning the performance of public purposes in rural areas was analysed. The obtained information and materials were analysed to identify social investments carried out on agricultural land donated to local authorities from Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury. The results were used to analyse and describe the social aspects of the APA’s operations in rural area in Poland. Rural areas require various types of social assistance services. The Agricultural Property Agency has successfully fostered social development in rural areas, and it has the required resources and experience to continue that mission.

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Jesuale, Nancy, and Bernard C. Eydt. "A Policy Proposal to Enable Cognitive Radio for Public Safety and Industry in the Land Mobile Radio Bands." In 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2007.16.

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Takahashi, Koji, Yasuo Kasugai, and Takeo Kondo. "Smooth Redemption Policy of Port Facilities in Case of Ocean Space Utilization." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41026.

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The ports of the world are operated by port authorities. The systems for establishing port facilities are roughly classified into two types depending on their sources of revenue. In the first type of system (used mainly for channels, breakwaters, berths, etc.), the national/local government and the port authority share the cost of construction. In the second type of system (used for cargo handling facilities, reclaimed lands, etc.), the port authority alone raises funds through a port-related bond-financed project and issues bonds. One characteristic of such bond-financed projects is that the costs of operating the facility and redeeming the bonds are funded through usage fees for the ground and profit from the sale of reclaimed land. Port authorities now require a smooth redemption policy for bonds issued in the past. However, port authorities have found it difficult to choose between having to raise usage fees and land prices high enough to enable smooth redemption in bond-financed projects on the one hand and having to reduce usage fees and land prices to reinforce international competitiveness in port logistics on the other. Unless a solution to this problem is found quickly, the finances of port authorities may become even more constrained, given the rising trend in port construction costs due to the risks of disasters such as earthquakes and due to growing interest rates. This is because prior investments are required for the construction of port facilities that takes a long time (between 5 and 10 years) and usage fees and profits from the sale of land must be suppressed to low levels because of political pressure. This will lead to larger bond issues and therefore a greater necessity for a smooth redemption policy of port facilities in the case of ocean space utilization. The authors first describe the structure of port management in the world, and analyze the financial situation of port authorities. Next, the authors point out that as the capital, maintenance, and management costs of port facilities grow in response to large-scale natural disasters, which exceed existing assumptions, and other factors, port authorities are being forced to take measures to address this. Lastly, the authors argue that public incentive assistance to shipping companies and logistics companies can effectively address the conflicting demands of reinforcing international competitiveness, strengthening disaster restoration capabilities, and enabling the smooth redemption of bonds in bond-financed projects.

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Reports on the topic "Public land policy"

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Kremer, Michael, and Jack Willis. Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Private Expectations and Public Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21915.

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Lee, Chanyoung. Assessing the Impact of Proposed Transit Investments and Public Policy Choices on Land Use Patterns (A Simulation Approach with UrbanSim). Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2011-08.

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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.

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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.

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Quinn, Tom. Public lands and private recreation enterprise: policy issues from a historical perspective. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-556.

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Niles, John, and J. M. Pogodzinski. TOD and Park-and-Ride: Which is Appropriate Where? Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1820.

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Despite the sharp drop in transit ridership throughout the USA that began in March 2020, two different uses of land near transit stations continue to be implemented in the United States to promote ridership. Since 2010, transit agencies have given priority to multi-family residential construction referred to as transit oriented development (TOD), with an emphasis on housing affordability. In second place for urban planners but popular with suburban commuters is free or inexpensive parking near rail or bus transit centers, known as park-and-ride (PnR). Sometimes, TOD and PnR are combined in the same development. Public policy seeks to gain high community value from both of these land uses, and there is public interest in understanding the circumstances and locations where one of these two uses should be emphasized over the other. Multiple justifications for each are offered in the professional literature and reviewed in this report. Fundamental to the strategic decision making necessary to allocate public resources toward one use or the other is a determination of the degree to which each approach generates transit ridership. In the research reported here, econometric analysis of GIS data for transit stops, PnR locations, and residential density was employed to measure their influence on transit boardings for samples of transit stops at the main transit agencies in Seattle, Los Angeles, and San José. Results from all three cities indicate that adding 100 parking spaces close to a transit stop has a larger marginal impact than adding 100 housing units. Previous academic research estimating the higher ridership generation per floor area of PnR compared to multi-family TOD housing makes this show of strength for parking an expected finding. At the same time, this report reviews several common public policy justifications for TOD as a preferred land development emphasis near transit stations, such as revenue generation for the transit agency and providing a location for below-market affordable housing where occupants do not need to have a car. If increasing ridership is important for a transit agency, then parking for customers who want to drive to a station is an important option. There may also be additional benefits for park-and-ride in responding to the ongoing pandemic.

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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, Marcia Macedo, Žiga Malek, Peter H. Verburg, Sean Goodwin, Renato Vargas, et al. An Amazon Tipping Point: The Economic and Environmental Fallout. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003385.

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The Amazon biome, despite its resilience, is being pushed by unsustainable economic drivers towards an ecological tipping point where restoration to its previous state may no longer possible. This is the result of self-reinforcing interactions between deforestation, climate change and fire. In this paper, we develop scenarios that represent movement towards an Amazon tipping point and strategies to avert one. We assess the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of these scenarios using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform linked with high resolution spatial land use land cover change and ecosystem services modeling (IEEMESM). This papers main contributions are developing: (i) a framework for evaluating strategies to avert an Amazon tipping point based on their relative costs, benefits and trade-offs, and; (ii) a first approximation of the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of movement towards an Amazon tipping point, and evidence to build the economic case for strategies to avert it. We find that a conservative estimate of the cumulative regional cost through 2050 of an Amazon tipping point would be US$256.6 billion in Gross Domestic Product. Policies that would contribute to averting a tipping point, including strongly reducing deforestation, investing in climate-adapted agriculture, and improving fire management, would generate approximately US$339.3 billion in additional wealth. From a public investment perspective, the returns to implementing strategies for averting a tipping point would be US$29.5 billion. Quantifying the costs, benefits and trade-offs of policies to avert a tipping point in a transparent and replicable manner can pave the way for evidence-based approaches to support policy action focusing on the design of regional strategies for the Amazon biome and catalyze global cooperation and financing to enable their implementation.

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Bolton, Laura. Criminal Activity and Deforestation in Latin America. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.003.

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This review examines evidence on criminal deforestation activity in Latin America (particularly, but not exclusively the Amazon) and draws from the literature on the lessons learned in combatting criminal deforestation activity. This review focuses on Brazil as representative of the overwhelming majority of literature on criminal activity in relation to deforestation in the Amazon. The literature notes that Illegal deforestation occurs largely through criminal networks as they have the capacity for coordination, processing, selling, and the deployment of armed men to protect operations. Bribery, corruption, and fraud are deeply ingrained in deforestation. Networks may bribe geoprocessing experts, police, and public officials. Members of the criminal groups may become council members, mayors, and state representatives. Land titles are fabricated and trading documentation fraudulent. The literature also notes some interventions to combat this criminal deforestation activity: monitoring and law enforcement; national systems for registry and monitoring; legal enforcement for compliance of environmental law; International agreements and action; and Involving indigenous communities in combatting deforestation.

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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.

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The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: The Ecosystem Services Modeling Data Packet: Overview and Guidelines for Use. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003076.

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This Technical Note describes the ecosystem service model data packets which were developed through the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform project to facilitate the application of ecosystem services modeling to support evidence-based public policy and investment decision making. The data packets provide the spatial data and lookup tables needed to run the InVEST carbon storage, annual water yield, sediment delivery ratio, and nutrient delivery ratio models for 21 countries (and counting) in the Latin American and the Caribbean region. This Technical Note describes the content and structure of the data packets, model specific considerations, the alignment of land cover data for use in InVEST lookup tables, the customization of model parameters, and best practices in the application of the data packets.

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