Academic literature on the topic 'Public policy processes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public policy processes"
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Toliboeva, Nodira Odiljonovna. "PROCESSES OF PUBLIC POLICY TRANSFORMATION FOR WOMEN." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 07 (2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-07.
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The article analyzes the changes in the state policy towards women in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its main stages, the creation of the necessary legal and social guarantees for women, as well as state measures to solve social problems among women. It also highlights the responsibilities of the Mahalla and Family Support Ministry towards women.
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McIntyre, Lynn. "Policy processes and Public Health." Canadian Journal of Public Health 105, no. 5 (2014): e320-e323. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/cjph.105.4840.
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Dzvimbo, Munyaradzi A., Funnycall Zimondi, and Freddy Magijani. "The Dynamics of Local Public Policy Processes." International Educational Research 1, no. 2 (2018): p74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ier.v1n2p74.
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This paper unpacks various educational policies that have been put forward with some having been able to make long lasting impact on the Zimbabwean education sector. The past three decades, has witnessed the educational system encountering innumerable challenges whose implications on service delivery are wide and deep rooted. Consequently, the education is premised upon a centralised system. Conversely, there have been calls and the need to transform policies which had been marred by colonial connotations hence the need to introduce modern policies which are in tandem with the contemporary world. The study is qualitative in nature as it used in-depth interviews and descriptive analysis. More so, document review of existing literature, reports and research papers were analysed. Educational policies among other issues are failing to effectively respond to the social and economic needs as well as political conscientization of the heterogeneous citizenry. The study recommends that the there is need to embrace the bottom-up approach as it encourages capacity building and participation. As mutual understanding and harmonisation of schools and the head office is imperative in line with the provisions of the new Zimbabwean curriculum of 2015. Moreover, a comprehensive and judicious approach to inclusive, participatory and policy process system is paramount towards the revamping of the education sector towards improved service provision and economic development anchored on innovativeness, science, technology and engineering.
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Tsohou, Aggeliki, Habin Lee, Karim Al-Yafi, et al. "Supporting Public Policy Making Processes with Workflow Technology." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 8, no. 3 (2012): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2012070104.
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Workflow technology has been proven as an enabler for numerous benefits for private and public organizations. Including: cost reduction, efficiency savings in terms of time and cost, increased capability, faster processing, reductions in errors, and work iterations, service quality and customer satisfaction. Public sector has endorsed these benefits by adopting workflow management systems to support administrative processes, such as human resources management or claims processing. This technology is yet to be utilized to support the formulation of policy making processes to facilitate the participation of citizens in the policy making processes and increase their awareness on political issues. This paper Investigates the feasibility of adopting workflow tools for the support of decision making processes that lead to development of public policies, despite the variant institutional settings. To do so, public policy making processes from four countries were examined and analyzed. The results are explored further in the article.
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Alford, John, and Sophie Yates. "Mapping public value processes." International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, no. 4 (2014): 334–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-04-2013-0054.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to add to the analytic toolkit of public sector practitioners by outlining a framework called Public Value Process Mapping (PVPM). This approach is designed to be more comprehensive than extant frameworks in either the private or public sectors, encapsulating multiple dimensions of productive processes. Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores the public administration and management literature to identify the major frameworks for visualising complex systems or processes, and a series of dimensions against which they can be compared. It then puts forward a more comprehensive framework – PVPM – and demonstrates its possible use with the example of Indigenous child nutrition in remote Australia. The benefits and limitations of the technique are then considered. Findings – First, extant process mapping frameworks each have some but not all of the features necessary to encompass certain dimensions of generic or public sector processes, such as: service-dominant logic; external as well internal providers; public and private value; and state coercive power. Second, PVPM can encompass the various dimensions more comprehensively, enabling visualisation of both the big picture and the fine detail of public value-creating processes. Third, PVPM has benefits – such as helping unearth opportunities or culprits affecting processes – as well as limitations – such as demonstrating causation and delineating the boundaries of maps. Practical implications – PVPM has a number of uses for policy analysts and public managers: it keeps the focus on outcomes; it can unearth a variety of processes and actors, some of them not immediately obvious; it can help to identify key processes and actors; it can help to identify the “real” culprits behind negative outcomes; and it highlights situations where multiple causes are at work. Originality/value – This approach, which draws on a number of precursors but constitutes a novel technique in the public sector context, enables the identification and to some extent the comprehension of a broader range of causal factors and actors. This heightens the possibility of imagining innovative solutions to difficult public policy issues, and alternative ways of delivering public services.
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Glaser, Jack, Katherine Spencer, and Amanda Charbonneau. "Racial Bias and Public Policy." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (2014): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214550403.
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This article explores psychological science on race bias and its implications in several domains of public policy, with special attention paid to biased policing as an illustrative example. Race bias arises from normal mental processes, many outside our conscious awareness and control. This research directly applies to public policy, especially where concerned with regulating behavior and managing uncertainty. Research links both implicit and explicit racial bias to behavior, and uncertainty exacerbates the influence of bias in decision-making. Sample policy domains—where psychological research, race bias, and public policy intersect—include education, employment, immigration, health care, politics/representation, and criminal justice. Psychological research informs policy by documenting causes and processes, by expert testimony in court, and by generating and evaluating interventions to reduce race bias.
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Crespo, Pedro Flores, and Salvador Ruiz de Chávez. "Globalization, Governance and Public Policy Transference." education policy analysis archives 10 (October 4, 2002): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v10n41.2002.
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Globalization and governance pave the way for the ocurrence of policy transfer processes. This article shows that higher education policy in Mexico has been historically influenced by foreign educational models. By using the Policy Transfer Framework, this article also makes three claims: (1) the academic debate has been generally focused on the role of specific international organizations, so a limited perspective about the policy transfer approach emerges; (2) the process of identifying what objects are being transferred to Mexican educational agenda is blurred, and thus, (3) as a consequence of methodological weaknesses, it is difficult to validate whether or not policy transfer processes are taking place in this Latin American country. Therefore, further research needs to be done in order to broaden the understanding of the policy transfer processes in Mexico.
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Bua, Adrian, and Oliver Escobar. "Participatory-deliberative processes and public policy agendas: lessons for policy and practice." Policy Design and Practice 1, no. 2 (2018): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2018.1469242.
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Stewart, Jenny. "Public policy as information." Prometheus 31, no. 1 (2013): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109028.2013.763630.
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de Cunha, A. "Urban poverty in Switzerland : exclusion processes and public policy." Geographica Helvetica 54, no. 1 (1999): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-37-1999.
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Abstract. Poverty is lodged in the heart of abundance itself. The weakening of the social fabric is particularly apparent in cities: the deskilling of labor, the decline in social and symbolic Status, isolation, and the loss of social protection due to the crisis of the welfare State constitute different aspects of exclusion. Urban poverty also appears as a denial of citizenship. This article applies a pluralistic approach in studying urban poverty. It also suggests organizing principles as a basis for transforming and "territorializing" of public social policy instruments in the city.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public policy processes"
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Aberdeen, Douglas Alexander, and doug aberdeen@anu edu au. "Policy-Gradient Algorithms for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes." The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030410.111006.
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Partially observable Markov decision processes are interesting because
of their ability to model most conceivable real-world learning
problems, for example, robot navigation, driving a car, speech
recognition, stock trading, and playing games. The downside of this
generality is that exact algorithms are computationally
intractable. Such computational complexity motivates approximate
approaches. One such class of algorithms are the so-called
policy-gradient methods from reinforcement learning. They seek to
adjust the parameters of an agent in the direction that maximises the
long-term average of a reward signal. Policy-gradient methods are
attractive as a \emph{scalable} approach for controlling partially
observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs).
¶
In the most general case POMDP policies require some form of internal
state, or memory, in order to act optimally. Policy-gradient methods
have shown promise for problems admitting memory-less policies but have
been less successful when memory is required. This thesis develops
several improved algorithms for learning policies with memory in an
infinite-horizon setting. Directly, when the dynamics of the world
are known, and via Monte-Carlo methods otherwise.
The algorithms simultaneously learn how to act and what to remember.
¶
Monte-Carlo policy-gradient approaches tend to produce gradient
estimates with high variance. Two novel methods for reducing variance
are introduced. The first uses high-order filters to replace the
eligibility trace of the gradient estimator. The second uses a
low-variance value-function method to learn a subset of the parameters
and a policy-gradient method to learn the remainder.
¶
The algorithms are applied to large domains including a simulated
robot navigation scenario, a multi-agent scenario with 21,000 states,
and the complex real-world task of large vocabulary continuous speech
recognition. To the best of the author's knowledge, no other policy-gradient
algorithms have performed well at such tasks.
¶
The high variance of Monte-Carlo methods requires lengthy simulation
and hence a super-computer to train agents within a reasonable time. The ANU
``Bunyip'' Linux cluster was built with such tasks in mind. It was
used for several of the experimental results presented here. One
chapter of this thesis describes an application written for the Bunyip
cluster that won the international Gordon-Bell prize for
price/performance in 2001.
2
Aberdeen, Douglas Alexander. "Policy-gradient algorithms for partially observable Markov decision processes /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20030410.111006/index.html.
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Greensmith, Evan. "Policy gradient methods : variance reduction and stochastic convergence /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060106.193712/index.html.
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Croker, Keith L., and n/a. "Factors affecting public policy processes : the experience of the industries assistance commission." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1986. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060630.174015.
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Public policies are, at once, the means for articulation of political
philosophies and processes, the conduits for conversion of political
and bureaucratic decisions into actions and the means by which the
electorate can assess government performance. Public policy
processes offer a means of achieving social and economic change and
they are a primary justification for the existence of governmental
systems. On these counts, identification of the elements of policy
processes and the ways they interact with each other is essential to
an understanding of the relationships between public policy decisions,
systems of democratic government and their connections with wider
society.
This thesis goes behind the facade of public policy outcomes and
analyses the processes involved in arriving at policy decisions.
Linkages are traced between political theories, the processes of
public policy decisions and final policy outcomes. This involves,
first, an examination and critique of liberal-democratic theories.
Second, there is detailed examination of pluralist democratic practice,
which is the prevailing political paradigm of modern western
liberal-democratic societies. The analysis finds substantial evidence
of gross distortions in the process relative to normative theories.
Plain causes are the institutionalisation of special interests to the
exclusion of wider public interests and inadequate accountability of
governments and bureaucracies for their actions.
Policy processes in pluralist systems are examined and it is concluded
that the social environment, institutional influences and factors which
affect the behaviour of institutions are key elements explaining public
policy decisions.
The capacity for pluralism to significantly influence policy outcomes
depends largely on the degree and nature of access to the public policy
process at various points.
In examining the role of government institutions in public policy
processes, it is argued that a clear distinction between the elected
legislature and the administrative bureaucracy is artificial and
misleading. Further, there is evidence that public service bureaucrats
can become captives of their particular client groups and, thus, less
accessible to the full range of relevant interests. These problems are
exacerbated by the two-party Westminster model of representative
democracy which tends to concentrate power in cabinet government,
resulting in a decline in the importance of parliament as a deliberative
and scrutinising bodies.
This dissertation develops the view that there are significant causal
links between institutional philosophies and values and the dominant
disciplines within institutions. It is also argued that growing
professionalism in bureaucracies and a tendency for functional divisions
of public policy to be in broad symmetry with the divisions of the
professions, tends to intensify the influence of particular professional
disciplines on related areas of public policy.
The critique of liberal-democratic theories and the related discussion
of factors affecting policy processes in a pluralist system are used to
identify the essential elements of public policy processes. It is
proposed that all policy processes contain the four elements of
pluralism, access, accountability and planning which are interactively
related. Differences in emphasis given to these elements in the policy
process explains the nature of individual policy decisions. Thus, the
normative policy process datum model provides both a static and dynamic
framework for analysing policy decisions.
In order to examine the theoretical arguments in an empirical context,
the policy processes of the Australian Federal Government, in the area
of industry assistance, are analysed. This policy arena contains all
the 'raw material' of pluralist processes and is, therefore, a fertile
area for analysis. Furthermore, operating within this policy arena is
the Industries Assistance Commission [IAC], a bureaucratic institution
which is quite unlike traditional administrative structures. The IAC
has, prima-facie, all of the features of the policy process datum model;
it operates in an open mode, it encourages a range of pluralistic inputs,
it has a highly professional planning function and, because its policy
advice is published, it encourages scrutiny and accountability of
itself, other actors in the bureaucracy and the elected government. The
IAC operates in a rational-comprehensive mode.
The analysis concludes that the IAC was established in part to be a
countervailing force to restore some balance in the industry policy
arena. In this it has been partly successful - the distributive policy
decisions of governments have come under much greater scrutiny than in
the past and other areas of the bureaucracy have been forced to operate
more frequently in a rational-comprehensive mode, rather than as
advocates of sectional interests.
The IAC has itself limited its range of objectives, however, and has
tended to become a computational organisation, isolating its core
economic [planning] technology from the interactive processes of the
policy process model, i.e. pluralism, access and accountability. By
protecting its essential philosophy in this way, the IAC runs the risk
of becoming less influential in the overall policy process.
Using the policy process model as a datum, and the empirical experience
of the IAC and the policy arena in which it operates, several options
for administrative reform are examined. A summary agenda for
administrative change is proposed which revolves around ways of achieving
balanced pluralistic inputs, a greater degree of access, better
bureaucratic and government accountability and ways of exploiting but
controlling technocratic planning expertise. Emphasis is placed on the
need to achieve enriched interactive flows between each of these key
elements. If these conditions can be met, it is proposed that a revised
and improved administrative bureaucracy will emerge.
5
Brooks, Sally. "Global science, public goods? : tracing international science policy processes in rice biofortification." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487022.
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This thesis explores initiatives in 'biofortification', a term referring to the enhancement of micronutrient levels of staple crops through biological processes, such as plant breeding and transgenics. It traces developments in i'ice bioforiification; fromtwo early initiatives. in iron rice research and 'Golden Rice', to the HarvestPlus 'Challenge Programme', launched by the CGIAR in 2003, with substantial support from the Gates Foundation. It highlights a series of transformations that have punctuated the journey of biof0l1ification research, from its modest beginnings at the outer margins of international crop research, to its re-branding as an exemplar of a new way forward identified for the CGIAR, as 'broker' in heterogeneous, global research networks,_ a.ble to guarantee the 'public goods' status of the _agendas and outputs of such networks. International biof0l1ification initiatives such as HarvestPlus emphasise three, inter-related themes: managing research collaboration through multi-organisational partnerships; tackling complex problems through i11lerdisciplinwy research; and achieving greater impact, as understood within the MDG framework that now dominates international development thinking. This research asks if these evolving modes of organisation, styles of science and framings of impact are indicative of future directions in international agricultural research. These questions have been followed through a multi-sited, ethnographic tracing of science policy processes and institutionalised practices, from the United States to the Philippines and China. Biofortification provides a lens through which to question the idea of 'global science', and the notion, built into the fabric of the CGIAR system, that it can generate generic research outputs as widely applicable, international public goods. This is particularly relevant at a time when donor attention has returned to agriculture, and to the potential of investments in science and technology to stimulate agricultural development. In practice, as biofortification research has become increasingly 'global', attention has shifted upstream, relocating the locus of decision making ever further from the beneficiary groups in whose name such substantial investments are made. These dynamics implicitly sanction a return to top down development; while restricting the space for actors located fUl1her downstream to debate unresolved technical and policy uncertainties.
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McIntyre, Emma. "Evaluating the use of GIS by public participants in environmental decision-making processes a case study approach /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080616.132630/index.html.
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Ball, Susan. "Interest representation in land use planning policy processes : a case study." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290419.
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Connelly, Stephen. "Public involvement in Local Agenda 21 : the impact of local authority policy processes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3435/.
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The signing of Agenda 21 by the UK government committed local authorities in England to drawing up local action plans for sustainable development in partnership with their citizens. This Local Agenda 21 (LA21) initiative appeared to provide the opportunity for radical changes in the trajectory of development and in the nature of local governance. This research set out to explain why this did not take place and what happened instead. It investigated how the nature of public involvement in LA21 was shaped by the local authority policy making processes through which it was developed, based on the premise that these involved the working out of the ambiguous and contested concepts of public involvement and sustainable development in a complex policy and institutional environment. Two contrasting LA21 processes were studied in detail, primarily through interviews with key policy actors, supplemented by observation and documentary evidence. The research showed that public involvement in LA21 was the outcome of contestation between actors with differing interpretations of the key concepts, who also had a range of other policy and institutional goals which affected their attitudes towards the initiative. Outcomes were determined by which interpretations were present and the ability of actors to control policy making processes to promote their goals. This explains both the variation within the LA21 initiative as a whole and the absence of 'radical' impacts: such goals were simply not present or they were suppressed by more powerful actors. The thesis develops more practically adequate characterisations of both sustainable development and public involvement. It also challenges Agenda 21's concept of a consensual participative planning process for sustainable development. It concludes by suggesting that policy making for sustainable development is inherently conflictive, and that public involvement in it is both a tool for policy makers and a channel for democratic input into policy making.
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GOMES, ADRIANA ALICE. "PUBLIC SOCIAL POLICY AND YOUTH: ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSES OF CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16543@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os processos de
continuidade e descontinuidade dos programas sociais voltados para o segmento
social da juventude, em âmbito de política social pública. Este estudo centraliza
sua análise no processo de reformulação ocorrida do Programa Agente Jovem de
Desenvolvimento Social e Humano (AJDSH) para o Programa Integrado de
Juventude (PROJOVEM-Adolescente). O texto apresenta reflexões sobre a
compreensão de política social pública, direcionando sua discussão mais
especificamente para a política social pública de assistência social, na perspectiva
de direito e no contexto do neoliberalismo, com a finalidade de situar a conjuntura
histórica de elaboração, implementação e execução dos programas sociais.
Procura discutir o atual quadro em que se encontra a juventude em situação de
vulnerabilidade social e os diferentes problemas sociais enfrentados por ela, nesse
quadro de grandes desigualdades sociais, que caracteriza o país. Nos últimos anos
esta questão vem sendo considerada de grande importância na agenda política
nacional e na sociedade em geral. Os dados deste estudo apontam que as
mudanças ocorridas parecem estar diretamente relacionadas a processos políticos.
Demonstram também, que o programa Agente Jovem possui algumas
características de relevância e efetividade que o levam a alguma
continuidade. Destaca-se que este programa não foi simplesmente abandonado,
como já ocorreu com outros programas na administração pública brasileira,
conforme os exemplos discutidos nesta dissertação. Embora tenha perdido sua
identidade inicial e algumas ações apontadas como importantes terem sido
descontinuadas, serviu de base para o atual programa ProJovem Adolescente. Os
dispositivos legais impressos recentemente, como a própria Constituição Federal
de 1988, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (1990), Estatuto da Juventude
(Projeto de Lei 4529/2004), a Política Nacional da Juventude (2005), além de
constituírem num avanço para as políticas sociais públicas voltadas para
juventude, as quais são concebidas enquanto direito, podem também contribuir,
por meio da construção de espaços públicos para a continuidade das ações
efetivas.<br>This dissertation aims to analyze the processes of continuity and
discontinuity of social programs for the social segment of youth in the context of
public social policy. This study focuses its analysis on the reformulation process
occurred in the change of the Young Agent of Social Development and Human
Program to the Integrated Program of Youth. The text presents reflections on the
understanding of public social policy, directing the discussion closer to the
politics of public social welfare from the perspective of rights and in the
background of neoliberalism, in order to situate the historical context of
development, implementation and execution of social programs. Discusses the
current framework in which the youth is in a situation of social vulnerability and
the various social problems faced by her, in this context of great inequality that
characterizes the country. In recent years this issue has been considered of great
importance in the national political agenda and in society in general. Data from
this study indicate that changes appear to be directly related to political processes.
They also show that the Young Agent Program has some characteristics of
relevance and effectiveness that leads to some continuity. It is emphasized that
this program was not simply abandoned as has happened with other programs in
the public brazilian administration, as the examples discussed in this dissertation.
Although it lost its original identity and some actions identified as important have
been discontinued, was the basis for the current program ProJovem Adolescents.
The legal forms recently, as the constitution of 1988, the Statute of Children and
Adolescents (1990), the Statute of Youth (Law 4529/2004), the National Youth
Policy (2005), as well as being a breakthrough for the political social public
policies for youth, which are designed as a right, may also contribute, through the
construction of public spaces for the continuity of effective action.
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Geiselhart, Karin, and n/a. "Does democracy scale?: a fractal model for the role of interactive technologies in democratic policy processes." University of Canberra. Information Management and Tourism, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050628.122941.
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The development of interactive communication technologies, such as email and the Internet,
has stimulated much discussion about their potential to assist in the renewal of democracy.
Globalisation, intimately connected with technological advance, has likewise led to
considerations of 'governance' that transcend the nation state. This thesis poses the general
question: Can the efficiencies and economies which drive commercial applications of
interactive technology be applied to democratic policy processes? What conditions will
facilitate this?
The perspective taken here views policy as a communication process between networks of
actors who seek to use resources and decisions to promote their value systems (Considine
1994). Democracy is also seen as a communication process, with a set of criteria which
ensure equal access to information and agenda setting among participants (Dahl 1989).
These definitions and criteria have been chosen for their generality. They apply at all levels
of analysis, and thus may be used for comparison across scales. These are aligned with
concepts from complexity theory as applied to human nonlinear systems and organisational
dynamics, drawing mostly on Kiel(1994) and Stacey (1996). The inherent unpredictability
of these systems and their capacity for complex learning and adaptive self-organisation
offers an alternative paradigm to linear, hierarchical management models.
A combination of literature analysis and case study evidence leads to three extensions of
complexity theory as applied to human systems: Firstly, interactive technology is proposed
as a technique for the potential re-pluralisation of democratic processes in complex human
systems. The possibility of adding many new non-elite voices, and of making these available
to all others, relates to both chaotic forms of self-organisation and the benefits of electronic
democracy. Secondly, evidence is presented for the existence of fractal, or self-similar
patterns in the ways information technology is applied at different levels of governance. It is
shown that instrumental approaches which emphasise efficiency dominate technology use at
the global, national and organisational levels, and these are interdependent. Alternative
patterns which encourage participation also exist at every level. Thirdly, it is argued that the
values of the dominant actors are the main determinants of whether interactive technologies
will be structured to favour democratic forms of communication at every level.
Three theory chapters in Part I develop these arguments by extensive reviews of relevant
literatures. On the global level, convergent media, telecommunications and technology
conglomerates underpin a global 'nervous system' which discourages government
intervention, promotes a global monoculture, inhibits pluralistic debate by minimising access
to alternative forms of information, and emphasises individualism and consumption. Within
nations, widespread uniformity of public sector reform is sympathetic and responsive to
these globalising pressures. Deregulation, privatisation, retreat from public broadcasting,
down-sizing and outsourcing have become standard approaches, and are reflected in
Australian information technology policy and programs. Several exceptions demonstrate
more participatory approaches. At the organisational level, instrumental approaches to
management and computerisation also prevail. In each case, a shift towards globalising
values corresponds to applications of information technology which dampen the complex
interactivity required for democratic policy processes.
Part II supplements this analysis with case study evidence. The organisational data were
collected primarily during a two year qualitative study of interactive technology use in the
Australian Department of Finance and Administration. The researcher found technology use
was inseparable from other change processes, and these were found to have strong elements
inhibiting participation in internal policy. An instrumental approach to interactive technology
use reinforced hierarchical decision processes.
Three minor case studies looked at an internal mailing list in a federal agency, a mostly
national list on Internet and telecommunications policy, and an experiment in electronic
democracy at the local level. These offered additional insights into the ways interactive
technologies can contribute to complex but adaptive policy processes, if normative
democratic values guide their design.
The researcher proposes a set of communication protocols for the use of interactive
technologies in democratic policy processes. These would enable the forms of
communication necessary to reinvigorate democracy in an information age. It is also argued
that these protocols, if applied at the organisational level, and particularly within the public
sector, could become part of a reaffirmation of industrial democracy. This is necessary to
ensure the integrity and accountability of the public sector, given the progressive
intermingling of these institutions with private enterprise. Additional suggestions are made
for research into government uses of information technology as an important focus for policy
analysts.
Books on the topic "Public policy processes"
1
Writing public policy: A practical guide to communicating in the policy-making processes. Oxford University Press, 2005.
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2
Chris, Eichbaum, ed. Public policy in New Zealand: Institutions, processes, and outcomes. Pearson New Zealand, 2005.
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3
Business and public policy: Responses to environmental and social protection processes. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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4
Sharma, Bharati. Health policy processes in Gujarat: A case study of the policy for independent nurse practitioners in midwifery. Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, 2012.
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5
Jamieson, Gwendolyn Gray. Reaching for health: The Australian women's health movement and public policy. ANU E Press, 2012.
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6
Jamieson, Gwendolyn Gray. Reaching for health: The Australian women's health movement and public policy. ANU Press, 2012.
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7
Stern, Marc J. Exploring National Environmental Policy Act processes across federal land management agencies. United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009.
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8
Environmental policy in the EU: Actors, institutions and processes. 3rd ed. Routledge, 2012.
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9
Agere, Sam. Rethinking policy analysis and management: Enhancing policy development and management in the public service. Commonwealth Secretariat, 1999.
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Healing the social body: A holistic approach to public health policy. Garland Pub., 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public policy processes"
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Hill, Michael, and Frédéric Varone. "Bureaucracy: organisational structures and processes." In The Public Policy Process, 8th ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003010203-13.
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van Heffen, Oscar, and Pieter-Jan Klok. "Institutionalism: State Models and Policy Processes." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9486-8_8.
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Osorio, Andrew. "Informal Administrative Processes." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_1036-1.
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Osorio, Andrew. "Informal Administrative Processes." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_1036-2.
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Atkinson, Christopher L. "Competitive Acquisition Processes." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_1554-1.
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Osorio, Andrew. "Informal Administrative Processes." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_1036.
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Reitano, Vincent. "Municipal Budgetary Processes." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_404-1.
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Harris, Gardenia. "Groupthink Processes and Problems." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3165-1.
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Harris, Gardenia. "Groupthink Processes and Problems." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_3165.
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Kotchegura, Alexander. "Russia, Labor Migration Processes." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4193-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Public policy processes"
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Trimarchi, Michele, Federica Antonucci, and Valeria Morea. "Public Decision-Making Processes for Cultural Projects: A Political Economy Perspective." In 6th Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy (LRPP 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp17.22.
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Xiaofeng, Zhang, Zhao Feng, Zhu Rongxu, Yang Zongzhen, and Shangguan Zhihong. "Improving Public Acceptance to Nuclear Power: Policy, Practice and Experience With Public Communication." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66789.
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With the development of public awareness on environmental protection, especially after the Fukushima nuclear accident, the opposition to nuclear power due to NIMBY (not in my back yard) effect begins to hinder the rapid development of Chinese nuclear industry. For example, in recent years several large-scale mass incidents with appealing to stop the siting and construction of nuclear facilities in China have put related projects (including nuclear power plant and nuclear fuel cycle facility) into termination, resulting in certain financial loss and unnecessary social unstabilization, thus causing more and more concern from administrative authority, research institution and nuclear industry. To strengthen public acceptance on nuclear power, related enterprises such as CGN and CNNC have made great efforts in information disclosure to eliminate mysterious feelings towards nuclear power and expect to build new impression as clean energy. Domestic institutions and universities carry out plenty of work on methods to help public correctly perceive nuclear risk and present strategies for effective public communication. Administrative authority also issued detailed guidance on public communication required to be fulfilled during plant’s siting phase, which provided explicit provisions on the responsibility and job content of different entities. Here we will take one public communication practice of one nuclear power project located in south Zhejiang region as an example. In this scenario, we face more difficulty than other projects, such as doubt from local government, complexity of public types, and large amount of stakeholders. In this paper, we will make summary on endeavors to improve public acceptance, such as large amount of NPP visits, comprehensive scientific popularization, direct communication with stakeholders and integration development between local society and nuclear industry. And we will discuss the feasibility of innovative practice, combining several similar tasks needed in different subjects, such as environmental impact assessment and social stabilization assessment, to fulfill at once. To achieve this goal, we design specific questionnaire and use it to survey the opinion of more than 800 people in the fairly large region across different provinces, covering 30km radius area of site, which gains satisfactory results. By comparing outcomes of opinion surveys carried out before and after the practice, we will put forward to the considerable effect of public communication in improving public acceptance to nuclear power, and analysis the pros and cons of this example. Moreover, we also expect the good experience in practice can be promoted to overall processes of nuclear power plant, including siting, construction, commission and life extension, helping nuclear power gain more public acceptance.
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Taşar, M. Okan. "The Public Policy in Agricultural Product Markets and Effectiveness of Regulations." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02009.
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Parallel to the developments in the global economy, perhaps the most problematic market structure within the liberalization process in the transition economies and in the Turkish economy is highlighted as agricultural product markets. The effects of agricultural product prices on other macroeconomic indicators and the fundamental economic problems such as inflation, income distribution, poverty and unemployment constitute a fundamental dynamic. At this point, public policies and regulations of market processes need to be analyzed in terms of the effects they will cause.
 The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of interventions and regulations on agricultural products markets on market economy and macroeconomic indicators. However, it will be possible to establish the most appropriate agricultural policies possible for the macroeconomic performance of the Turkish economy. In the first section; the impacts and consequences of regulations will be determined by establishing the relationship between agricultural product markets and government interventions. The second part is to analyze these effects and results with the help of data and indicators belonging to the Turkish economy and to analyze the different effects caused by the applied agricultural regulations. The last part is; the discussion of rational agricultural intervention policies and regulations with the least possible negative impact.
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Usher, Sam. "Integrating Natural and Social Sciences to Inspire Public Confidence in Radioactive Waste Policy Case Study: Committee on Radioactive Waste Management." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7240.
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Implementing effective long-term radioactive waste management policy is challenging, and both UK and international experience is littered with policy and programme failures. Policy must not only be underpinned by sound science and technical rationale, it must also inspire the confidence of the public and other stakeholders. However, in today’s modern society, communities will not simply accept the word of scientists for setting policy based purely on technical grounds. This is particularly so in areas where there are significant social and ethical issues, such as radioactive waste disposal. To develop and implement effective policy, governments, waste owners and implementing bodies must develop processes which effectively integrate both complex technical and scientific issues, with equally challenging social and ethical concerns. These integrating processes must marry often intricate technical issues with broad public and stakeholder engagement programmes, in programmes which can expect the highest levels of public scrutiny, and must invariably be delivered within challenging time and budget constraints. This paper considers a model for how such integrating processes can be delivered. The paper reviews, as a case study, how such challenges were overcome by the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM), which, in July 2006, made recommendations to the UK government for the establishment of a long-term radioactive waste policy. Its recommendations were underpinned by sound science, but also engendered public confidence through undertaking the largest and most significant deliberative public and stakeholder engagement programme on a complex policy issue in the UK. Effective decision-making was enabled through the integration of both proven and bespoke methodologies, including Multi-criteria Decision Analysis and Holistic assessments, coupled with an overarching deliberative approach. How this was managed and delivered to programme demonstrates how important effective integration of different issues, interests and world views can be achieved, and the paper looks forward to how the continued integration of both natural and social sciences is essential if public confidence is to be maintained through implementation stages. This paper will be particularly relevant to governments, waste owners and implementing bodies who are responsible for developing and implementing policy.
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Ocegueda-Hernández, Marco Tulio, Patricia Moctezuma-Hernández, and Alejandro Mungaray-Lagarda. "Financing Quality in Mexican State Public Universities." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5114.
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Abstract The policy of financing with extraordinary biding subsidies as implemented by the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP) for Public State Universities (UPES) between 2001 and 2013 is analyzed. The results indicate that, with some regional differences, this form of distributing of Public resources has been effective by rewarding the Institutional Progress of those UPES in matters of quality, impacting their institutional processes of consolidation in a positive way, contributing to social equity through more and better educational spaces and diminishing the performance gaps between them during the period. Keywords: The Integral Program of Institutional Strengthening (PIFI); Public State Universities (UPES); equity and quality; higher education.
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Neerdael, Bernard. "Factors Affecting Public and Political Acceptance for the Implementation of Geological Disposal." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7195.
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The main objective of this paper is to identify conditions which affect public concern (either increase or decrease) and political acceptance for developing and implementing programmes for geologic disposal of long-lived radioactive waste. It also looks how citizens and relevant actors can be associated in the decision making process in such a way that their input is enriching the outcome towards a more socially robust and sustainable solution. Finally, it aims at learning from the interaction how to optimise risk management addressing needs and expectations of the public and of other relevant stakeholders. In order to meet these objectives, factors of relevance for societal acceptance conditions are identified, described and analysed. Subsequently these factors are looked for in the real world of nuclear waste management through cases in several countries. The analysis is conducted for six stages of a repository programme and implementation process, from policy development to the realisation of the repository itself. The diversity of characteristics of such contexts increases insight in the way society and values of reference are influencing technological decision making. These interrelated factors need to be integrated in step by step decision making processes as emerging the last years in HLW disposal management. In the conclusions, the effect of each factor on acceptance is derived from the empirical record. In the course of carrying out this analysis, it became clear that acceptance had a different meaning in the first three stages of the process, more generic and therefore mainly discussed at policy level and the other stages, by nature more site-specific, and therefore requesting both public and political acceptance. Experience as clearly addressed in this report has shown that a feasible solution has its technical dimension but that “an acceptable solution” always will have a combined technical and social dimension. If the paper provides tentative answers to the central question how factors affect public and political acceptance, it also aims at illustrating the added value of broadening the technical dimension with social dialogue and insight in value judgements.
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Garg, Samir, Anju Khewar, and K. Rizu. "IMPROVING ACCESS TO HEALTH IN URBAN SLUMS THROUGH ROLLOUT OF NUHM AND EXPANSION OF COMMUNITY PROCESSES: THE EXPERIENCE OF CHHATTISGARH." In EPHP 2016, Bangalore, 8–9 July 2016, Third national conference on bringing Evidence into Public Health Policy Equitable India: All for Health and Wellbeing. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-ephpabstracts.18.
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Raman, VR, and Kabir Sheikh. "GENERATING MOMENTUM TOWARDS COMMUNITY ROLES IN UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: KEY OUTCOMES OF A SERIES OF STATE-CIVIL SOCIETY CONSULTATIVE PROCESSES." In EPHP 2016, Bangalore, 8–9 July 2016, Third national conference on bringing Evidence into Public Health Policy Equitable India: All for Health and Wellbeing. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-ephpabstracts.19.
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Dvinskyi, Michael. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW APPROACHES OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE FIELD OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MODERN URBANIZATION PROCESSES OF RUSSIA RESOURCE REGIONS." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb11/s01.005.
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Albrecht, M., and G. Yarovoy. "OPENING PANDORA’S BOX: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTO THE CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENT ALL NEW RUSSIAN WASTE LEGISLATION IN KARELIAN RURALITIES." In Perspektivy social`no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia prigranichnyh regionov 2019. Институт экономики - обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра "Карельский научный центр Российской академии наук", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36867/br.2019.65.29.001.
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Russias waste management system and legislative framework has undergone a recent revision process to fix Russias pending waste crisis. While the revisions have not been able to silence waste related public protest, the local implementation processes of these central policy ideasare widely neglected, particularlyfor rural areas. Framed by the revised Regional Waste Management Programme and the Territorial Waste HandlingScheme of the Karelian Republic the study evaluates the sociospatial processes that shape the implementation of Russian waste legislation in three rural villages in the Karelian Republic. With a focus on local perceptions, waste management infrastructure and the spatial components of the locality, the study highlights an incompatibility between the current institutionalized planning documents and aims and the geographical realities in the rural settlements.
Reports on the topic "Public policy processes"
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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.
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The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.
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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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Arce, Eliécer, and Edgar A. Robles. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Costa Rica and Panama: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy? Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003071.
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This paper aims to provide evidence on the effects of fiscal rules on public investment, fiscal results and growth in Costa Rica and Panama. First, we find that the budget formulation process and the political economy behind the adoption and compliance of fiscal rules explain that Panama has a bias to create and sequentially pile up rules, while Costa Rica has a tendency not to comply with them. Second, a retrospective analysis of the 2018 fiscal rules in both nations finds asymmetric effects on the fiscal results. In Panama it is difficult to separate the effect of fiscal rule designs on public investment; and, in Costa Rica, the application of the fiscal rule will decrease public investment, if the debt to GDP ratio exceeds 60 percent and current expenditure crowds out capital expenditure. Two lessons emerge. First, an effective fiscal rule compliance requires time consistent institutions, solid monitoring, enforcement schemes and improving the quality of public financial management systems. Second, it is necessary to review the design of fiscal rules in both countries to ensure they are investment and growth friendly.
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Nazneen, Sohela, and Maria Fernanda Silva Olivares. Strengthening Women’s Inclusion in Social Accountability Initiatives. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.002.
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In the last 20 years, social accountability initiatives have facilitated the inclusion and participation of marginalised groups in governance processes. This Policy Briefing focuses on how and what factors prove effective in strengthening women’s voice in processes holding public service providers accountable. We argue that initiatives must: (a) build technical and other forms of capacity amongst women; (b) change formal rules on women’s inclusion; (c) apply political economy analysis to unpack power dynamics, identify actors in favour of gender equality, and build a network in support of women; and (d) make long-term funding commitments for sustainable change in gender-biased norms.
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Johnson, Mark, John Wachen, and Steven McGee. Policy window in a pandemic: How a computer science RPP fostered equity in credit recovery. The Learning Partnershipip, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/conf.2021.1.
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The Chicago Alliance for Equity in Computer Science is a research-practice partnership that is working to broaden the participation of Chicago Public Schools’ students in computer science. For this study, we applied the multiple streams approach from theories of the policy process (Kingdon, 1995; Zahariadis, 2014) to explain how the COVID-19 pandemic helped open a policy window for the continued use of synchronous online instruction during the implementation of an equity-centered computer science credit recovery option in Chicago.
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Urquidi, Manuel, Gloria Ortega, Víctor Arza, and Julia Ortega. New Employment Technologies: The Benefits of Implementing Services within an Enterprise Architecture Framework: Executive Summary. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003403.
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Public employment services (PES) offer tools through different channels to both employers and job seekers. The multiplicity of services and channels, paired with processes that are sometimes inadequately mapped, creates challenges when implementing digital systems. This document discusses how using enterprise architecture can provide a framework for defining and representing a high-level view of the organizations processes and its information technology (IT) systems, as well as their relationship with different parts of the organization and external entities. Having a strategic vision and a high-level design allows implementing systems in phases and modules to organize services to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. This document aims to support policy makers, managers and officials working with employment policies in understanding the benefits of implementing a comprehensive digital transformation in institutions within the framework of a strategic tool such as enterprise architecture.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.
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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.