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de, Quintana Medina Júlia. "acceptability of nudges as public policy tools: a theoretical and empirical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671907.
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Aquesta tesi presenta una anàlisi teòrica i empírica de l’acceptabilitat dels nudges com a eines de política pública. La primera part de la tesi discuteix la caracterització dels nudges com a instruments de política pública, considerant qüestions conceptuals, ètiques i teòriques. La tesi revisa la noció original de nudge, les seves bases teòriques i empíriques i les principals crítiques en els dos sentits. Exposant els problemes amb la noció de nudge de Thaler i Sunstein, proposa una definició alternativa del concepte que defensa deixar de banda les connotacions i intencions normatives i centrar-se en el seu valor pràctic com a eina de política pública. La segona part inclou tres estudis empírics d’actituds cap als nudges: una enquesta representativa (n = 617, i = 3,88) de l’acceptabilitat pública dels nudges a Espanya, i dos estudis experimentals que exploren l’acceptabilitat de dos tipus de nudges, els nudges automàtics, que són menys perceptibles i funcionen sense deliberació o consciència, i els nudges reflexius que són perceptibles, inclouen deliberació i produeixen una resposta conscient. La part empírica aborda les qüestions discutides en el debat teòric i emfatitza que la discussió sobre l’acceptabilitat dels nudges en política pública ha de considerar la seva acceptabilitat pública i, en particular, quins nudges es prefereixen i en quins contextos s’accepta la seva implementació. Els resultats indiquen tres qüestions principals. En primer lloc, l’acceptabilitat pública dels nudges és alta, els ciutadans aproven l’ús de diferents nudges en diferents àmbits i no s’oposen categòricament a la seva implementació. En segon lloc, el tipus de nudge és important. Les persones reconeixen diferències entre nudges i tendeixen a preferir els nudges reflexius als nudges automàtics. Tanmateix, els resultats dels tres estudis indiquen que l’oposició a la implementació de nudges automàtics no és categòrica i es recolza el seu ús en diversos casos. En tercer lloc, l’acceptabilitat dels nudges automàtics depèn del context en què s’apliquen; les persones donen suport al seu ús quan estan d’acord amb el seu objectiu i quan afecten decisions en àmbits de baix risc. Per contra, s’oposen a la seva implementació quan afecten decisions en dominis d’alt risc, per exemple, quan es fan servir en decisions que involucren assumptes sensibles o morals o decisions que involucren pèrdues econòmiques. En general, la tesi explora arguments a favor i en contra de l’ús de nudges i ofereix idees sobre com poden ser eines útils i acceptables per a la formulació de polítiques públiques.Esta tesis presenta un análisis teórico y empírico de la aceptabilidad de los nudges como herramientas de política pública. La primera parte de la tesis discute la caracterización de los nudges como instrumentos de política pública, con atención a cuestiones conceptuales, éticas y teóricas. La tesis revisa la noción original de nudge, sus bases teóricas y empíricas y las principales críticas en ambos sentidos. Exponiendo los problemas con la noción de nudge de Thaler y Sunstein, propone una definición alternativa del concepto que aboga por dejar de lado las connotaciones e intenciones normativas y centrarse en su valor práctico como herramienta de política pública. La segunda parte incluye tres estudios empíricos de actitudes hacia los nudges: una encuesta representativa (n = 617, e = 3,88) de la aceptabilidad pública de los nudges en España, y dos estudios experimentales que exploran la aceptabilidad de dos tipos de nudges, los nudges automáticos, que son menos perceptibles y funcionan sin deliberación o conciencia, y los nudges reflexivos que son perceptibles, incluyen deliberación y producen una respuesta consciente. La parte empírica aborda las cuestiones discutidas en el debate teórico y enfatiza que la discusión sobre la aceptabilidad de los nudges en política pública debe considerar su aceptabilidad pública y, en particular, qué nudges se prefieren y en qué contextos se acepta su implementación. Los resultados indican tres cuestiones principales. En primer lugar, la aceptabilidad pública de los empujones es alta, los ciudadanos aprueban el uso de diferentes nudges en diferentes ámbitos y no se oponen categóricamente a su implementación. En segundo lugar, el tipo de nudge es importante. Las personas reconocen diferencias entre nudges y tienden a preferir los nudges reflexivos a los nudges automáticos. No obstante, los resultados de los tres estudios indican que la oposición a la implementación de nudges automáticos no es categórica y, en varios casos, se apoya su uso. En tercer lugar, la aceptabilidad de los nudges automáticos depende del contexto en el que se apliquen; las personas apoyan su uso cuando están de acuerdo con su objetivo y cuando afectan decisiones en ámbitos de bajo riesgo. Por el contrario, su uso no está respaldado cuando afectan decisiones en dominios de alto riesgo, como decisiones que involucran asuntos sensibles o morales o decisiones que involucran pérdidas económicas. En general, la tesis explora argumentos a favor y en contra del uso de nudges y ofrece ideas sobre cómo los nudges pueden ser herramientas útiles y aceptables para la formulación de políticas públicas.
This thesis is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the acceptability of nudges as policy tools. The first part of the thesis discusses the characterisation of nudges as a policy instrument, paying attention to conceptual, ethical and theoretical issues. The thesis looks at the original notion of nudges, their theoretical and empirical bases and the main criticisms of both dimensions. It goes on to outline the problems with Thaler and Sunstein’s notion of nudges and proposes an alternative understanding of nudges, advocating dropping the normative connotations of nudges, and focusing on their practical value as a policy tool. The second part includes three empirical studies on attitudes towards nudges: a nationally representative survey (n= 617, e=3.88) of the public acceptability of nudges in Spain, and two experimental studies that explore the acceptability of two types of nudges, automatic nudges that are less noticeable, work with no deliberation and awareness, and reflective nudges that are noticeable, work by engaging deliberation and produce a more reflective response. The empirical part addresses some of the concerns discussed in the theoretical debate and emphasises that the discussion on the acceptability of nudges as policy tools should include considerations about whether people like nudges, which nudges they prefer and the contexts in which they accept their implementation. The results outline three main themes. Firstly, the public acceptability of nudges is high, people favour the use of different nudges applied to both pro-self and pro-social domains and the indication is that people do not categorically oppose nudges. Secondly, the type of nudge is important. People recognise differences between nudges and tend to preferer reflective nudges to automatic nudges. At the same time, the findings in the three studies indicate that people do not categorically oppose the implementation of automatic nudges and support their use in several cases. Thirdly, the acceptability of automatic nudges depends on the context in which they are applied; people support their use when they agree with the aim and when they affect behaviour in low-stake domains. By contrast, their use is not supported when they affect decisions in high-stake domains, such as decisions that involve sensitive or moral issues or decisions that involve economic losses. Overall, the thesis explores arguments in favour of and against nudges and offers ideas and conclusions to give an idea of how nudges could be useful and acceptable tools for policymaking.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Sociologia
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Pang, Lee-yan, and 彭莉恩. "Management agreement and private-public partnership as conservation tools in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43784185.
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Hawks, Beth A. "The Regulation of U.S. Nursing Homes| An Examination of State and Federal Tools and Their Effect on Providers' Performance." Thesis, American University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841150.
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This dissertation used a mixed-methods approach to investigate both how intergovernmental relationships influence collaboration between regulators and to what extent their regulatory tools affect nursing home regulatory violations. Chapter 1 examines the impact of the five-star quality rating system and market competition on nursing home violations. Chapter 2 explores the intergovernmental relationships between state and federal regulators and whether it is facilitated by collaborative action. Chapter 3 evaluates the impact of two government tools (one direct and one indirect) and their association with regulatory compliance in nursing homes. The findings suggest that the five-star quality rating system has a positive association with nursing home providers’ regulatory compliance. Meanwhile, communication among regulators appears to be the key to collaboration, and the current structure of their regulatory regime might be inhibiting collaboration. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the direct governance tool leads to improvements in subsequent regulatory compliance as compared to the indirect tool. These three essays on the intergovernmental regulation of nursing homes and the specific regulatory tools contribute to the future policy decisions that affect the well-being of approximately 1.4 million individuals residing in nursing homes and primarily funded by the public.
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Leake, Michelle. "Do school districts have the tools they need to hire effective teachers? Deriving predictors of teacher effectiveness from information available to school district hiring personnel." Thesis, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592201.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which teachers' academic and professional characteristics predict their classroom effectiveness, as measured by value-added indicators of their students' growth. Teachers' college transcripts, service records, and district records of classroom assignments are used to examine undergraduate content and pedagogy courses, graduate work, and professional experience; the district's own value-added indices are utilized as the measure of teacher effectiveness. The study examines a subset of 318 teachers who were continuously employed over a four-year period at one of 19 "hard-to-staff" secondary schools in one of the nation's largest school districts. The study finds that local experience and college coursework in the teacher's assigned content modestly predict the teacher's classroom effectiveness, which has implications for hiring practices in public schools.
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Louw, Michael Paul. "The new urbanism and new ruralism frameworks as potential tools for sustainable rural development in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20187.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainable rural development is currently one of the priority items for the South African government. Agricultural advancement, high rates of unemployment, widespread poverty, a lack of access to employment opportunities, transport, education and other services, skewed land ownership patterns that are partly due to Apartheid policies, a lack of access to land and numerous social and health‐related issues are just some of the problems that rural communities are currently faced with. This study focuses mainly on the spatial planning aspects of rural development and it explores the possibilities of adaptating strategies from the New Urbanism and New Ruralism movements, together with a number of tools typically associated with sustainable rural development, for use in the South African context. Through the study of available literature on the subject, personal interviews and practical experience, a range of strategies have been investigated and a selected number have been identified that may be applicable to the local context. A number of case studies are assessed, which include a new model being implemented at Crossways Farm Village in the Eastern Cape which combines elements from the above‐mentioned approaches. From some of the results achieved to date it seems that the implementation of these particular spatial planning models, combined with models like the biosphere concept that focuses on biodiversity, together with a range of additional socio‐economic strategies, may contribute to the promotion of sustainable rural development in South Africa. It is hoped that this study shows the potential and challenges of these spatial planning models as a tool for sustainable rural development, and that it may lead to further study on the subject.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling is tans een van die prioriteitsitems vir die Suid‐ Afrikaanse regering. Landboukundige vooruitgang, hoë vlakke van werkloosheid, wyd verspreide armoede, ‘n tekort aan toegang tot werksgeleenthede, vervoer, onderwys en ander dienste, verwronge patrone van grondbesit wat deels toegeskryf kan word aan Apartheidsbeleide, ‘n tekort aan toegang tot grond en talle sosiale‐ en gesondheidskwessies is net ‘n paar van die probleme waarmee landelike gemeenskappe tans gekonfronteer is. Hierdie studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die ruimtelike beplanningsaspekte van landelike ontwikkeling en dit ondersoek die moontlikhede om strategië van die New Urbanism en New Ruralism bewegings, tesame met ‘n aantal werktuie wat tipies met volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling geassosieër word, te gebruik in die Suid‐Afrikaanse konteks. Deur die studie van die beskikbare literatuur oor die onderwerp, persoonlike onderhoude en praktiese ondervinding, word ‘n reeks strategië ondersoek en ‘n uitgekose aantal word geidentifiseer wat moontlik van toepassing kan wees op die plaaslike konteks. Daar word verwys na ‘n aantal gevallestudies, wat ook ‘n nuwe model insluit wat tans op Crossways Farm Village in die Oos‐Kaap geimplementeer word, wat elemente van die bogenoemde benaderings kombineer. Van sommige van die resultate wat tot op hede verkry is, blyk dit dat die implementering van hierdie spesifieke ruimtelike beplanningsmodelle, gekombineer met modelle soos die biosfeer konsep wat fokus op biodiversiteit, tesame met ‘n reeks addisionele sosioekonomiese strategië, moontlik mag bydra tot die bevordering van volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling in Suid‐Afrika. Daar word gehoop dat hierdie studie die potensiaal en die uitdagings wys van hierdie ruimtelike beplanningsmodelle as ‘n werktuig vir volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling en dat dit mag lei tot verdere studie oor die onderwerp.
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Wiener, Joshua G. "Small Wind Energy Policy Making in the States: Lessons for a Shifting Energy Landscape." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250261913.
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Alaux, Christophe. "L'impact des instruments des politiques publiques environnementales sur le processus de décision du consommateur : l'achat de voitures à faible émission de carbone." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32084.
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Les politiques publiques environnementales cherchent à impacter des comportements de consommation. Néanmoins, la relation causale entre l’action publique mise en œuvre et le changement de comportement se caractérise par des discontinuités. Elle doit donc être approfondie en combinant l’angle d’analyse des politiques publiques et du processus de décision du consommateur. En effet, ce dernier dépend également d’autres déterminants psychosociaux et d’autres facteurs contextuels. L’impact spécifique des instruments des politiques publiques doit cependant pouvoir y être distingué. Notre étude sur la politique publique environnementale française visant à l’acquisition de voitures à faibles émissions de carbone permet de comprendre l’impact des instruments des politiques publiques sur le processus de décision d’achat du consommateur. En effet, l’attitude envers les instruments de l’action publique produit des effets sur le processus de décision du consommateur. Cet impact n’est pas direct, mais il modère les relations causales entre les principaux déterminants du comportement. Ces effets modérateurs dépendent de la nature psychologique ou structurelle des instruments des politiques publiques qui impactent des relations spécifiques du processus de décision du consommateurEnvironmental public policy tools aim to impact consumer behavior. Nevertheless, the causal relationship system between the implementation of a public policy and behavior is full of disconnections. Thus, it should be deepen with the combined analysis of public policies and consumer decision process. Indeed, this latter also depends on others psychosocial determinants towards behavior and other contextual forces. The impact of public policy tools need to be distinguished among them.Our study on the French environmental public policy aimed at acquiring low-carbon emission cars focuses on understanding the impact of public policy tools on consumer buying decision process. Indeed, the attitude towards public policy tools affects consumer decision process. It results that the impact is not so direct but it moderates the relationship between the main determinants of behavior. These moderation effects depend on the psychological or structural nature of the public policy tools which impacts specific relationships of the consumer decision process
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Brabazon, Honor. "'The master's tools' : Bolivia's landless peasant movement, the international legal turn, and the possibilities and perils of law-based resistance to neoliberalism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc7d8e1c-be62-4013-b206-96fe9360e5e4.
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A perennial question amongst social movement strategists is to what extent movements can use the tools of the system they are struggling against in their efforts to change that system. Whilst this debate traditionally distinguishes between two camps – radical and reformist approaches – this thesis investigates one movement that breaks this mould. The thesis uses the example of Bolivia's Landless Peasants' Movement (MST) to intervene into renewed theoretical discussion about the possibilities and perils for such movements of using the legal system in the pursuit of systemic social change. Through its tactic of land occupation, the MST breaks the law by occupying unused land on large estates, whilst also invoking other laws stipulating that unused land must be redistributed to those who will work it. The thesis situates the MST's approach to law in the context of an intensified process of juridification in the neoliberal period, through which the logic and language of law increasingly have come to structure political debate and dissent, creating particular pressures for radical movements to engage with the law. Yet it also suggests that movements like the MST have developed subversive ways of engaging the law in response. By examining the MST's tactic as it interacts with this broader context of intensified juridification, the thesis clarifies and nuances the theoretical discussion by identifying how the particular conditions of political mobilisation in the neoliberal period bear on this theoretical debate. Moreover, by examining specifically how this movement's approach to law is differentiated from traditional radical and reformist approaches, and from other attempts to combine the two, the thesis reveals further potential options for radical movements seeking to engage the law. The thesis ultimately suggests that the transformative potential of law may not lie in employing the content of individual laws but in strategic manipulations of the contradictions inherent in the liberal legal form.
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Huang, Shan. "University teachers' perspectives on the impact of quality assurance policies in Chinese higher education : three institutional case studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d2e39ff-c4a3-4ed4-94c7-9d0728f99c06.
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In the light of growing concerns regarding the quality of higher education after a period of rapid expansion, in 2003, the Chinese government launched the Undergraduate Teaching Evaluation (UTE), the first nation-wide evaluation of universities. In 2008, the UTE was replaced by the Quality Project, which signalled a change in its quality assurance approach, with a move from evaluations to the issuing of awards. In order to investigate the impact of the two national quality assurance policies, along with the impact of two long-standing internal quality assurance mechanisms employed by universities - class observation and student evaluation of teachers - on teaching, the researcher adopted policy analysis and a case study approach. Three different universities in the same region were selected as cases. Semi-structured interviews with 56 heads of department and teachers across three departments at each university were conducted. National and university policy documents, as well as interview data, were analysed thematically in the light of concepts derived from the political sciences, namely Knoepfel et al.'s (2007; 2011) framework for policy analysis and Schneider and Ingram's (1990) classification of policy tools. University policies and interview data revealed the patterns of impact of these two quality assurance policies. Faced with the UTE inspection, universities shifted their focus from assuring the quality of teaching to achieving good results in the exercise and therefore engaging in 'game-playing'. In order to ensure good UTE results, universities even resorted to the manipulation of data. University policies resulting from the UTE required teachers to produce standardised documents and to follow particular procedures. The majority of interviewed teachers regarded the impact of the UTE with cynicism, seeing it as a waste of time and effort, an interference with academic freedom, and believing it had the effect of undermining ethics. However, some teachers reported as positive impact of the fact that the UTE helped to keep teachers disciplined, and that it provided an impetus for ensuring teaching quality. Interview data showed that the Quality Project awards only had an impact on the award winners, who perceived the incentives on offer to be substantial. These award winners considered the acknowledgement given by the awards and the information obtained through reflection and good examples as valuable impacts. However, the Quality Project awards did not have impact on non-award winners, i.e. the majority of teachers. This study revealed that in order to have impact the institutional practices of class observation and the student evaluation of teachers relied on a number of conditions being in place. These practices had impact when the stakes were high or when university teachers received valid and reliable feedback. Whilst high stakes were found to lead to mixed impact, valid and reliable feedback contributed to the improvement of teaching. This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of quality assurance policies and mechanisms on teaching in Chinese higher education, an area that has not yet been the subject of significant empirical research. Covering the two major quality assurance policies in recent years, and also the institutional mechanisms teachers face, this research was able to capture the interdependence between these policies. No such research has previously been conducted in the context of Chinese higher education. In regard to the theoretical aspect of the research, the empirical evidence that was collected and a comprehensive review of other empirical research enabled the development of an Impact Framework. The Impact Framework identified patterns in the impact of various quality assurance policy tools and revealed their inherent strengths and weaknesses. Hence, the Impact Framework can serve in the future as an important reference for policy-makers who are seeking to design and implement effective quality assurance policy tools.
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Moren, Jan. "Om reformer : En studie av Kvalitetsreformen, Politireform 2000 og Kunnskapsløftet." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för arbetsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7318.
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This thesis studies three major reforms in the public sector of Norway. The sectors studied are the police, higher education, and primary schools. The main motive for studying these reforms are of a theoretical nature, the reason to study them is to produce general knowledge about reforms. The study aims to answer two main questions. One is about the possibilities and limitations contained in using reforms to change organizations. The second is about how organizations can promote the ideals of representative democracy. In its efforts to attain answers to these questions the thesis blends empirically-oriented research with aspects of organization theory and political theory. The thesis is divided into four different parts. First, there is a descriptive presentation of the three reforms. Secondly, there is a discussion of various theories of reforms and organizations. The primary aim of this analysis is to illuminate and explain the empirical data, but this discussion should also provide its own answers to the main questions asked in the thesis. Thirdly, these theories are applied to analyze data from the three reforms. And finally, the study concludes with a summary of what general insights about the reforms we are left with after studying the Quality Reform, The Police Reform 2000, and the Knowledge Reform. The study shows that reforms have both policy and content aspects, and that it is important to distinguish between the two in order to analyse and understand them. The policy aspect is that reforms are a strategy for change - they are tools for implementing change in organizations. The content aspect is that reforms have a specific content - they have certain objectives that they want to realize. The study concludes that in order to understand this complex and fascinating phenomenon, we need to understand reforms both as instrumental tools, institutional adaptations and symbols.
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Hammargren, Per-Olov. "En modern roll och ett modernt mandat? : -Studie över näringslivsansvariga i Kronobergs län." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13062.
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This study aimed to explore the perceived role and mandate of civil servants employed in municipalities in Kronoberg county. The study aimed to answer the question whether civil servants engaged in municipal economics have different perspectives on their mandate and role based on how said civil servants implement and manage policy tools available in Swedish municipalities. The study aimed to through policy tools theory explain how civil servants through four categories view the policy tools employed in the municipality. The study is based on the reasoning that policy tools influences exercise of authority that in turn influences view on policy tools. In order to study civil servants perspective on perceived mandate and role interviews were conducted with a sample of civil servants from each of the eight municipalities in Kronoberg county. The results shows that out of eight civil servants, each representing one municipality six civil servants see their perceived mandate as free and their role as to create conditions for local economic development. Two out of eight civil servants perceive their role and mandate as limited in creating conditions for local economic development.
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Dada, Ayodeji A. "Amnesty as a Public Policy Tool for Countering Insurgence in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4612.
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Although research has been done on amnesty, little is known about amnesty as a public policy tool toward countering insurgence in Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to examine the role of amnesty as a public policy tool. The research questions are: Is there a difference in people's view of amnesty that explain the relevance of infrastructural facilities to stimulate economic growth and development in Nigeria? And, are there specific citizen characteristics that explain the differences in the way citizens perceive amnesty as a public policy choice? The theoretical framework was based on Marx's ideology of conflict theory. This study employed convenience and purposive sampling methods in selecting participant and employed a cross-sectional ex-post facto quantitative research design. Data were collected through a researcher developed survey administered to 100 randomly-selected participants at the Gwagwalada shopping mall, located in the capital city of Abuja. Descriptive statistics and analyses of variances showed a significant mean difference in the perceptions of participants who believed that amnesty would play a viable role in countering insurgency, based on age, income, education, sex, employment status and type of work performed, and the regions in which they reside. However, findings indicate that there is no statistical significance between religious differences or views on economic growth and development and amnesty as a public policy choice. The awareness will provide a framework for better understanding of amnesty as a public policy choice. The positive social change implications include advocacy for amnesty as a public policy tool toward countering insurgence. Implementation of the recommendation of this study lends support to amnesty policies in Nigeria by providing a greater awareness of citizen preferences in policy development.
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Ahizi, Dorcas. "Évaluation de la performance de projets d’aide internationale au développement : exemple de trois projets exécutés en Côte d’Ivoire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1226/document.
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Les projets d’aide internationale au développement sont extrêmement divers. Ils visent des objectifs multiples, prennent des formes variées, atteignent des dimensions très différentes et se déroulent dans des contextes très contrastés. Cette extraordinaire diversité suscite un discours méthodologique extrêmement normatif. En effet, concernant l’évaluation de la performance des projets, un seul dispositif est conçu dès le démarrage des projets et de façon invariante pour toute la durée de l’action. Les outils et les techniques de ces dispositifs sont censés collecter et traiter un grand nombre d’indicateurs également identifiés dès la création des projets à partir du « cadre logique ». Ces outils et techniques sont conçus par des instances éloignées du terrain, et redevables à l’égard de bailleurs de fonds. Dans la réalité, on constate cependant que même les projets dotés de moyens conséquents peinent à maîtriser le processus d’évaluation de la performance. Rares sont les praticiens qui réussissent à mener de bout en bout une évaluation de la performance. Plus rares encore sont les projets dont les comités de pilotages utilisent réellement les données issues de tels dispositifs d’évaluation pour éclairer leur décision. Pourtant, les évaluations de la performance sont systématiquement réalisées au sein de chaque projet d’aide internationale au développement. Cette thèse se propose d’expliquer les raisons d’un tel paradoxeInternational development assistance projects are extremely various. They have multiple objectives, take various forms and take place in contrasted contexts. This diversity causes a normative methodological discourse. Indeed, concerning the project’s performance evaluation, a single and unchangeable management tools is designed from the start to the end of project.This management tools is supposed to collect and process a large number of indicators also designed at the beginning, according to the project « logical framework ». Tools conceives far away from the project and accountable to the donors. In reality, it can be seen that even projects with substantial resources struggle to master the process of evaluating performance. Few practitioners are successful in leading an evaluation of performance. Even few are the projects whose committee leaders use, for making decision, data from such evaluation. However, performance evaluation are systematically carried out within each international development aid project. This research proposes to explain the reasons of such paradox
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Turner, Janice Marie. "Occupational licensure: testing as a tool for measuring minimum competency." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1988. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1477.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of testing as a tool for measuring minimum competency as it applies to occupational licensure. The primary purpose of State Examining Boards for licensure and certification is to protect the public from unsafe or incompetent practice of individuals in a profession or trade by which the public may suffer harm through loss of life, health or pro perty rights. The significance of this study is to examine the impact testing has in attempting to assess an individual's level of minimum competency for occupational licensure.
In the current debate on occupational licensure, the following questions have been raised: How accurately can minimum competency be measured? What will be the standards for measuring minimum competency? Is a passing score on a State Board examination an accurate reflection of minimum competency? In an attempt to address these concerns the writer identified four areas of licensure testing that impact greatly on the credentialing process. These areas included: test validity, test reliability, test bias, and test policies. The main sources of information were informal conversational interviews and participant observation. Secondary sources included books, articles, lectures and journals.
While the writer's findings were inconclusive, and many of the problems that are common with testing were not evident with the State of Georgia Examining Boards Division, Examination Development and Test Administration Section the writer offered several recommendations in an effort to improve on the efficiency of the Examination Section of the Board.
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Kinch, Aisling. "The efficacy of discriminatory public procurement as a tool in industry policy /." Title page, contents and overall assessment only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09eck51.pdf.
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Shoemate, Justin. "Creating a national mitigation grant evaluation tool| Foresight and resilience." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1600081.
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In recent years, emergency managers have recognized the importance of building and sustaining resilience in communities. U.S. disaster preparedness has long been centered at the local and state municipality level. However, there has been an increase in federal policy and grant funding to better prepare communities. These federal initiatives may actually be prohibitive when the money runs out. This funding discontinuity can impede progress toward creating resilient and prepared communities. The relationship between existing hazards and dynamic issues showcase the need for refining future approaches to mitigation. One piece of this forward movement includes the evaluation of mitigation grants that embraces concepts of sustainability. A good practice in this area is already underway in the State of California. It utilizes an evaluative process termed SMART and has shown possibility for adapting to a wider use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mitigation experts to further inform the adaptation of the instrument. Concepts from the Strategic Foresight Initiative (SFI) were infused together to build community resilience. The adapted mitigation evaluation instrument has been designed to follow current mitigation practices and includes concepts of sustainability, resiliency, and foresight to choose grants that will improve communities. The aim is to better inform the way mitigation project grants are chosen and applied, and to reduce expenditure. Finally, the assessment tool has been adapted to encompass a wider geography.
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Sedano, Gabriela. "The Elder Index Tool| A Manual for California Area Agencies on Aging." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785697.
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Due to the usage of the outdated Federal Poverty Level (FPL) guidelines, many older adults are battling with economic insecurity and are not deemed eligible to apply for means-based assistance. The Elder Index has been identified as a tool to help determine poverty level taking into consideration the cost of living of the older adult’s particular geographic area.
Governmental agencies such as AAAs in California are responsible for assisting older adults including low income adults in linking them to supportive community services. AAAs should be using the Index as a reference when making decisions about allocating resources. However, the problem is that the Elder Index is not being used by many AAAs, even though they are mandated to do so. The purpose of this project was to develop a manual to help AAAs in California to better understand the Elder Index. This manual will help target the challenges that AAAs have had in implementing the Elder Index tool.
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Labat, Didier. "Le paysage, levier d'action dans la planification territoriale. Essai d'évaluation de la politique paysagère du SCOT de l’aire métropolitaine de Bordeaux." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0045/document.
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La construction du projet de territoire dans les documents d’urbanisme procède d’une instrumentation de l’action publique pour répondre à des problématiques locales et systémiques. L’élaboration d’un schéma de cohérence territoriale métropolitain met en tension des rivalités d’intérêts. Pour mener à bien le projet, la recherche du consensus est la règle et limite ainsi sa dimension opérationnelle. Dans ce cadre d’interprétation, nous posons comme hypothèse que les politiques paysagères dans les documents d’urbanisme, ne sont pas le plus souvent suffisamment définies pour être mises en œuvre avec efficacité et atteindre leurs objectifs. En adoptant une démarche d’évaluation de la politique paysagère comme outil d’analyse de l’action publique, nous proposons d’analyser l’intervention du SYSDAU dans son schéma directeur de 2001. Cette évaluation suit quatre étapes : une analyse historique, une reconstitution des théories d’action, l’analyse de la compatibilité entre le schéma directeur et trois plans locaux d’urbanisme, et enfin, l’identification de la perception paysagère des populations. Les résultats permettent d’identifier l’efficacité des orientations paysagères, mais également leurs limites. La démarche d’évaluation vise non seulement à traduire l’impact de la politique paysagère du schéma directeur de 2001, mais également à comprendre les mécanismes de réussite ou d’échec des orientations. Les résultats montrent que le paysage constitue un outil de mobilisation et de légitimation de l’action publique, et révèle l’importance de la démarche paysagère dans les documents d’urbanisme. Nous pouvons ainsi proposer aux acteurs une évaluation de leur politique paysagère selon une démarche ex-post, pour identifier des leviers ou des pistes d’action et améliorer la formulation des politiques paysagères des SCOT à venirThe design of the territory project within urban plans comes from a public action instrumentation. The construction of a metropolitan master plan is the source of conflicting interests. In order to succeed in the project, seeking consensus is the rule, to the detriment of its operational aspects. In this context of interpretation, we have for hypothesis that the landscape policies in the urban plan’s aren’t enough defined for an efficient implementation to reach their objectives. Adopting a landscape policy assessment as a tool for the public action analysis, we propose to analyse the SYSDAU’s intervention in his 2001 urban plan. We have experienced a 4-step approach: a historical analysis, a reconstitution of the action theories, the compatibility analysis between the master plan and three different land use plans, and finally, the analysis of the way the population perceive the landscape. The results from this approach help in identifying the efficiency of the landscape scheme, but also its limits. The assessment aims at, not only explaining the impacts of landscape public policy in 2001, but also understanding their mechanisms, that lead to success or failure. The results show how important the landscape is in building a territory program, and it reveals the strength of a landscaped approach in any urban planning. So, we can now offer to the different actors an evaluation of their land policy following an “ex-post” approach, and thus, identify the leverages or the possible ways to improve the wording of the landscape policy of the SCOT to come
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Souza, Felipe Francisco de. "Um olhar crítico sobre a concessão urbanística em São Paulo: formulação pelo executivo, audiências públicas e regulamentação pelo legislativo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8200.
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The urban issue in Brazil was sanctioned by the Federal Constitution in 1988 and by the Federal Law of the Statute of the City, in 2001. After that, the development of municipal laws, related to comprehensive participatory plans and specific urban planning tools, has been brought out with the promise of confronting the social inequalities that are part of the urban scenario in Brazil. Given this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the process of making and regulation of an urban planning tool called concessão urbanística (urban grant, in English) at three different moments. First: considering its origin in the Executive estate, during the mayor Marta Suplicy’ management (PT – “Labor Party”, 2001-2004) and its inclusion in the Strategic Comprehensive Plan for São Paulo (2002-2012). Second: considering the mayor José Serra (PSDB – “Social Democracy Party”, 2005-2006) and the mayor Gilberto Kassab’s (DEM – “Democrats Party”, 2006-2008/2009-current) management strategy of promoting "revitalization” policies in the São Paulo downtown, through the Nova Luz project (New Light, in English), employing the concessão urbanística planning tool. Third, since the moment when the Civil Society’ discussions about concessão urbanística Bill (Bill 87, 2009) were first reported to the City Council until its approval by the Legislature (Law 14.917, 2009). By investigating this process, this study intends to contribute with an analysis on the concessão urbanística inclusion in the public government’s agenda, considering the strategies chosen by the Civil Society actors in order to influence the actions upon the Municipal Government. The goal is to achieve a better understanding of the restricted production of urban public policies in the democratic contexts of the postConstitution of 1988 and the post-City Statute of 2001.
A temática urbana no Brasil foi legitimada pela Constituição Federal em 1988 e pela Lei Federal do Estatuto da Cidade, em 2001. Depois disso, as formulações das legislações municipais, em relação a planos diretores participativos e à regulamentação de instrumentos urbanísticos específicos, têm sido acompanhadas com a promessa de um enfrentamento das desigualdades que integram o cenário urbano brasileiro. Esta dissertação pretende analisar, dentro do contexto supracitado, o processo de formulação e regulamentação do instrumento de intervenção urbana denominado “concessão urbanística”, considerando três momentos distintos. Primeiro: sua origem no Executivo durante a gestão Marta Suplicy (PT, 2001-2004) e sua inserção no Plano Diretor Estratégico de São Paulo (2002-2012). Segundo: a estratégia das gestões José Serra (PSDB, 2005-2006) e Gilberto Kassab (DEM, 2006-2008/2009-atual) de promover a “revitalização” do centro de São Paulo, por meio do projeto Nova Luz, utilizando a concessão urbanística. Terceiro: desde o período das discussões realizadas pela Sociedade Civil quando o projeto de lei sobre a concessão urbanística (projeto de lei nº 87 de 2009) foi enviado à Câmara de Vereadores até o de sua regulamentação pelo Legislativo (Lei Municipal nº 14.917 de 2009). Ao investigar esse processo, a dissertação pretende contribuir para a análise sobre a inclusão da concessão urbanística na agenda pública governamental, considerando as estratégias de atores da Sociedade Civil para influenciar as ações do Governo Municipal. O objetivo é alcançar uma melhor compreensão das limitações na produção de políticas públicas urbanas no contexto democrático pós-Constituição de 1988 e pós-Estatuto da Cidade de 2001.
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Jarvis, David Seiler. "Accountability Models in Policy Design: Understanding the Explanatory Power of the Four Major Accountability Models in Policy Tool Choices." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1798.
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In the study of government accountability, there have long been arguments about which model is superior. These arguments, which are largely made by those in the performance and political accountability camps, state that their particular model is the best, and indeed only legitimate approach to ensuring accountable government. At the same time, there is growing research in policy tools but little in how accountability models and policy tools are linked in policy design.
This study makes use of the context provided by the critical cases of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). With such large sums of money in play at a time of serious economic downturn and mounting federal deficits, government clearly has a responsibility to ensure accountability so that the public can be assured not only that its funds are being spent properly but also more generally, that accountability as well as policy tool choice is in the minds of officials as they formulate, adopt and implement public policy.
The intent of this study is to present an argument in two main areas using the critical case studies of TARP and ARRA. First, that no one accountability model fully explains most policy tool choices in TARP or ARRA and that the use of multiple models is superior. Second, that we can link policy tool choices and accountability models in policy design. The standards used to establish what models explain what tool choices are in the models themselves. Each policy is explored individually in a chapter, and the lessons and results of this study are then presented in the final chapter.
The data presented in this study indicate that a single-model approach may explain a few, but not most and certainly not all, policy tool choices in TARP and ARRA. Indeed, a multiple model approach proves superior to a single-model approach in all but a few instances. As for the connections between policy tools and accountability models, the data presented in this study show that they were strongly impacted by the policy formulation process itself, specifically the way in which the policy problem was framed and the speed with which it was undertaken.
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Sebei, Matime Thabisho. "Integrated development planning as a public policy model and public participation tool in Fetakgomo local municipality, South Africa (2000-2009)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41259.
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The study investigates the integrated development plan as a public policy model and public participation tool, with reference to Fetakgomo Local Municipality in Limpopo province of South Africa. The researcher conducted the study through qualitative and quantitative research methods. Furthermore, triangulation research methods have been also taken into consideration with the aim of achieving the objectives of the study in applying a variety of data collection techniques. The study involved a number of data collection techniques, namely a desktop study, literature review, case study and documetary review. Specifically, the study focused on the following objectives:
i. To assess how the municipality develops and presents the Integrated Development Plan to the community;
ii. The structures promoting IDP, good governance and public participation;
iii. To bring to light any political inteferences which may hamper municipal service delivery;
iv. To critically analyse the implementation of Batho Pele principles as a way of community involvement; and
v. To identify and assess the challenges faced by both the community and the municipality during public paticipation in IDP processes.
Throughout the study, Fetakgomo Local Municipality was found to have some strengths, but it was also found that there is room for improvement in terms of providing a better and more understandable integrated development plan. In conclusion, meaningful public participation in the IDP process requires that citizens should be afforded an opportunity to raise their concerns and be taken into consideration, that they should be informed and be knowledgeable about municipal activities. The community must be willing and able to be involved. Community members must have the interest, time, opportunity and access necessary to participate. The community must take responsibility for the quality of their participation and be accountable to each other for effective and efficient use of time
and other resources. Concluding the study were reccommendations to improve the state of IDP and public participation in the municipality.Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
gm2014
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
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Gomes, Priscila Rodrigues. "Estrutura analítica sistêmica na seleção de modelos de avaliação de sustentabilidade: uma proposta com base no caso do etanol de cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-16112015-095604/.
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Dentre as fontes renováveis de energia, os biocombustíveis têm apresentado amplo destaque como alternativa sustentável e potenciais substitutos aos combustíveis fósseis, e são vistos por muitos decisores políticos e cientistas como recursos de baixo impacto ambiental e de boa rentabilidade econômica. No Brasil o biocombustível que tem apresentado maior destaque tem sido o etanol da cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, existem questionamentos sobre sua produção e consumo. De um lado ocorrem ganhos pelo fato desta ser uma atividade energética renovável, mas por outro lado, observa-se a ocorrência de degradações sociais e ambientais, derivadas da monocultura extensiva, bem como, problemas econômicos de instabilidade de mercado. Ademais, é importante considerar a existência de uma rede de atores políticos, técnicos e de consumidores relacionados ao processo de tomada de decisão, processos econômicos e às questões sociais e ambientais. Estes agentes podem influenciar de forma direta e/ou indireta no futuro da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. A interação entre estes vários elementos torna complexa a realidade do setor e potencializa as várias preocupações sobre a evolução da atividade. Desse modo, postular a sustentabilidade como uma característica fundamental para a atividade, tem se apresentado como um difícil, porém importante desafio. Um dos aspectos essenciais para responder a estes desafios, é a avaliação de sustentabilidade. Porém muitas das ferramentas de avaliação possuem limitações em contemplar critérios de sustentabilidade de maneira sistêmica. Com a gama de opções existentes, a decisão pela adoção de métodos de avaliação de sustentabilidade também se apresenta complexa, já que cada ferramenta \"abraça\" uma visão especifica de mundo, de sustentabilidade, de valores, de acordo com suas teorias, abordagens e conceitos. Nesse sentido, esta tese se concentrou na pergunta sobre como estas questões de complexidade são consideradas no processo de seleção dos modelos de avaliação, bem como, de que forma estes modelos são escolhidos e, assim propôs, por meio da elaboração de procedimentos e critérios sistêmicos, uma estrutura analítica de seleção de modelos e/ou ferramentas de avaliação de sustentabilidade. Para tanto, a pesquisa: utilizou-se do arcabouço teórico da teoria geral de sistemas e da avaliação de sustentabilidade; realizou uma análise contextual e identificou pontos de intervenção para o sistema e a complexidade envolvida na temática do etanol de cana-de-açúcar; identificou pontos críticos envolvidos nos processos de operacionalização do conceito de sustentabilidade e sua avaliação e, levantou atributos necessários a elaboração dos critérios sistêmicos. Por fim, a pesquisa concluiu que não se observa uma adequada aderência entre os modelos de análise e sua seleção, prejudicando a operacionalidade da sustentabilidade e sua avaliação. Com tal estrutura é possível fornecer subsídios ao processo de tomada de decisão e à formulação e/ou avaliação de políticas públicas voltadas à para a sustentabilidade do setor.Amongst the renewable energy sources, the biofuels have presented extent prominence as a sustainable alternative, ever since they present themselves as potential substitutes to fossil fuels and have been considered, by many policy makers and scientists, as low environmental impact and good economic profitability resources. In Brazil, the sugarcane ethanol is the biofuel which has had greater highlighting. However, there are some discussions about its production and consumption. On the one hand gains occur since the pollution decline and on account of ethanol is a renewable energy. On the other, it is observed the occurrence of social and environmental degeneration derived from extensive monoculture, as well, market instability. Furthermore, it is important to consider the existence of political, technical and consumer\'s network related to the decision making process, and economic, social and environmental issues. These agents can influence directly and /or indirectly in the future of sugarcane in Brazil. The interaction among this range of elements complicates the ethanol industry\'s reality and enhances the concerns about the activity evolution. Thus, postulating sustainability as a essential feature for the activity has emerged as a difficult but important challenge. One of the key aspects to respond to these challenges is the sustainability assessment. But many of assessment tools have limitations in contemplating systemically sustainability criteria. With the range of options available, the adoption decision of sustainability assessment methods also affords complexity, seeing that each tool \"embraces\" a world vision, sustainability, values, according to their theories, approaches and concepts. In this sense, this thesis focused on the question of how these complex issues are considered in the selection of valuation models process as well as how these models are chosen and proposed, by the development of systemic procedures and criteria, composing an analytical framework for model selection and/or sustainability assessment tools. Hence, for the search: were used the theoretical framework of the general theory of systems and evaluation of sustainability; was conducted a contextual analysis and identified intervention points for the system and complexity of sugarcane ethanol, identified critical issues involved in the implementation process of the sustainability concept and its assessment, and was ranked attributes required to systemic criteria. Finally, the research concluded that there hasn´t been an adequate linkage between the analysis models and their selection, harming the operational sustainability and evaluation. By such a structure can provide input and contribute to the decision-making process and the formulation and/or evaluation of public policies aimed for the sector\'s sustainability.
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Hayward, Abbe C. D. "Development of a tool kit to explore risk perceptions for national food risk management." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297488.
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Kizer, Elizabeth A., and Elizabeth A. Kizer. "Using Social Theory to Guide Rural Public Health Policy and Environmental Change Initiatives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624313.
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The study of health disparities and the social determinants of health has resulted in the call for public health researchers to investigate the mid- and upstream factors that influence the incidence of chronic diseases (Adler & Rehkopf, 2008; Berkman, 2009; Braveman P. , 2006; Braveman & Gottlieb, 2014; Krieger, 2011; Rose, 1985). Social ecological models (SEMs) provide important conceptual tools to inform this research and practice (Krieger, 2011; Golden & Earp, 2012; Story, Kaphingst, Robinson O'Brien, & Glanz, 2008; Glanz, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002). These models can help us look at the social and physical environments in rural Arizona communities and consider how health policies and environmental interventions address mediating factors, such as disparities in access to fresh food, that contribute to ill health in marginalized, rural, populations. Rural residents are at greater risk for obesity than their urban counterparts (Jackson, Doescher, Jerant, & Hart, 2006; Story, Kaphingst, Robinson O'Brien, & Glanz, 2008). And while human life expectancy has steadily increased over the past thousand years, current projections indicate that the rise in obesity-related illnesses will soon result in its decline (Olshansky, et al., 2005). One reason for this decline, may be the reduced availability of healthy food – an important predictor of positive health outcomes including reduced obesity and chronic disease - in many parts of the United States (Brownson, Haire-Joshu, & Luke, 2006; Ahen, Brown, & Dukas, 2011; Braveman & Gottlieb, 2014; Braveman, Egerter, & Williams, 2011). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines food deserts as geographic areas in which there is limited access to grocery stores and whose populations have a high rate of poverty. In Arizona, 24% of the rural census tracts are considered food deserts; compared to an average of eight percent of rural census tracts across the nation (United States Department of Agriculture, 2013). Food deserts are one example of the upstream factors influencing the health of rural populations.
Local health departments have been encouraged through the National Association for City and County Health Officials (NACCHO) and through the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) to conduct community health assessments (CHAs) in order to identify unique contexts and community resources, health disparities, and the social determinants of health as well as potential areas for advocacy, policy change, environmental interventions, and health promotion interventions. Public health challenges like chronic diseases, which have multiple causes, can be explored in-depth through CHAs. CHAs often contain recommendations for action and/or are followed by community health improvement plans (CHIPs) which help local health departments prioritize resources and set measurable goals. In Florence, AZ recommendations made in a CHA are being acted upon by a non-profit agency, the Future Forward Foundation (3F). This investigation explores two interrelated issues regarding the use of CHAs and CHIPs as practical tools to set public health priorities. First, what makes a CHA useful to rural public health practitioners? What methods of conducting a CHA and subsequently analyzing the data results in actionable policy recommendations and/or environmental level interventions? Second, to what extent can public health agencies engage nontraditional partners to work in partnership to address the social determinants of health? As an example, I will look at the impact of a volunteer-based non-profit agency, located in a rural food desert on improving the social and physical nutrition environment as recommended by a local CHA. This inquiry will provide insights to public health practitioners seeking to identify and implement policy and environmental change addressing complex, multi-causal, public health issues, and provide insights regarding engaging nontraditional partners who may not self-identify as public health agencies.
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Moura, Mauricio José Serpa Barros de. "Property rights as a public policy tool: an empirical analysis of the social and economic effects." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4658.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-09T00:00:00ZSecure property rights are considered a key determinant of economic development. However, the evaluation of the causal effects of land titling is a di¢ cult task. The Brazilian government through a program called ‘Papel Passado’ has issued titles, since 2004, to over 85,000 families and has the goal to reach 750,000. This thesis examines the direct impact of securing a property title on income, labor supply, happiness and child labor force participation. In order to isolate the causal role of ownership security, this study uses a comparison between two close and very similar communities in the City of Osasco (a town with 654,000 people in the S„o Paulo metropolitan area). The key point of this case is that some units get the program and others do not. One of them, Jardim Canaã was chosen to receive the titles in 2007, but the other, Jardim DR, given fiscal constraints, only will be part of the program schedule in 2012, and for that reason became the control group in this research. In terms of Public Policy response to economic growth, understand the effect on income is relevant to measure the ‘Papel Passado’ developmental impact. Furthermore, another topic in Public Policy, that is crucial for developing economies, is child labor force participation. Particularly, in Brazil, about 5.4 million children and teenagers between 5 and 17 years old are still working full time. Last, but not least, how could such subject be related with happiness? The economics of happiness has been applied to a range of issues. These include the relationship between income and happiness, inequality and poverty, the effects of macro-policies on individual welfare and the effect of institutional conditions such as democracy, federalism and security. An evaluation of happiness as a causal effect of land titling has never been applied and such thesis intends to provide an additional input regarding this topic. The estimates suggest, using basically the Difference-in-Difference (DD) econometric approach, that titling results in increase of income and decrease of child labor hours. Also, applying ordered probit model, the property rights have positive impact on happiness as well. Hence, the thesis has presented new evidence on the value of formal property rights in urban squatter community in a developing country.
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McCowen, Tracey. "Emission Permits as a Monetary Policy Tool: Is it Feasible? Is it Ethical?" ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/811.
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The price of emission permits is deemed too low to mitigate climate change. In three studies, policy approaches to pricing carbon in a market setting are examined. First, the emission permit market is analyzed comparatively to how the ethanol mandate impacted prices in the corn market. This leads to the realization that the marketization of carbon is more like a currency than a physical commodity. The next study examines emission permits as a monetary policy tool. Emissions correlate GDP output, thus central banks can use emission permits as forward guidance, as a means to optimize the price for climate change mitigation, and as an alternative to interest rates. Opinions of thought leaders are used to question the acceptability of emission permits as a monetary policy tool. The final study is an ethical analysis using deontology, utilitarianism and virtue ethics within a pragmatic philosophical context, analyzing carbon as a monetary policy tool. In order for carbon as a monetary policy tool to be considered ethically acceptable, it must satisfy the temporal, spatial and institutional dilemmas of climate change articulated in Stephen Gardiner’s Perfect Moral Storm. Under this ethical standard, it is found that using carbon as a monetary policy tool can help address these concerns, but not solve them alone. This research is presented using transdisciplinary methods which provide a unique and holistic approach to policy formation not yet presented in the literature. This research is relevant to policy makers in central banking, the IMF and World Bank.
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Chiasson, Mary Shannon C. "Site Visitation: School Leaders' Perceptions of a Diagnostic Tool for School Improvement." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1908.
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This case study explored the use of site-visitation as a diagnostic tool for school improvement. Nine charter schools in New Orleans were selected for the study. Based on qualitative research and systems theory, a within- and cross-case analysis of nine semi-structured interviews with school leaders were conducted. The school leaders’ experiences with the state-run site-visitation model and their use of the findings for school improvement was explored. The findings led to the development of a hybrid accountability model that encompasses the components school leaders believe will lead to school improvement. This study aims to assist educators, policy makers, and researchers to better understand site-visitation and its role in school improvement.
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Beukes, Soraya. "Enquiry into what frustrates the efficacy of preferential public procurement as a policy tool for black economic empowerment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5297_1365584108.
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Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) has been a topic of discussion since the dawn of democracy in April 1994. Due to the entrenched inequalities of the past, economic empowerment is very important for the economic growth of the majority of South Africa&rsquo
s citizens. However, significant economic enrichment of black people has not been made, despite, economic success, legislation, state policies and programme interventions. This economic growth is to be realised through the use of preferential procurement as a policy tool for BEE. Whilst sufficient legislation has been enacted to regulate preferential procurement, to favour black people, much still seems to be lacking in the enforcement of the laws in public procurement. Central to the challenges of preferential procurement is the disharmony between the Framework legislation governing preferential procurement and BEE. This discord has seen two visions being followed for preferential procurement
the Procurement Act refers to the beneficiaries of BEE as historically disadvantaged individuals (HDI
s) and the goals for BEE are measured through specific goals which promotes narrow empowerment
the BBBEE Act on the other hand defines black people as the recipients of BEE and through the BEE Codes broad-based empowerment is promoted through seven core elements. This congruency has not served the promotion of preferential procurement, it has created a hindrance that frustrates economic growth for those it is intended. The other quandary that undermines the success of preferential procurement is willful practices engaged by both tenderers and public officials
skills deficiency in the adjudication of tenders and self-interest. The success of BEE through preferential procurement is dependent on a coherently legislated procurement environment fortified by perceptive public officials. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the impact of these challenges on the success of preferential procurement. The study will highlight the main practices that defeat the use of preferential procurement. This will include an analysis of the various legislation and the amendments thereto. In addition the enquiry will examine the proficiency of public officials in the adjudication of public tendering. Recommendations for a successful preferential public procurement environment will be made. The proposed thesis will utilise, inter alia, relevant legislation, case law, theses, journals, books and policy documents.
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Chung, Kai-yin, and 鍾啟然. "An efficient tool for improving living standards?: a time-series analysis on subsidized housing programsafter the handover." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46756140.
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Rivas, Carlos A. Jr. "Mayoral Control of Public Schools: Governance as a Tool to Improve Student Achievement." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/428.
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Mayoral control of public schools as a solution for failing schools and low student achievement. This thesis analyzes different models of governance, the types of students served in districts with mayoral control, and the types of solutions implemented by mayors (charter schools, voucher programs, and the tools of NCLB) and whether there has been any success to mayoral control than mere anecdotal evidence.
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Menozzi, Clare. "Performance based contracting as a policy tool for promoting timely exits from out-of-home care : a comparative analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3473/.
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Ever since the late 1950s, one of the main objectives of child protection policies in the United States has been to reduce the amount of time children spend in out-of-home care. For nearly four decades, policymakers have sought to achieve this goal primarily by providing various types of services to help children reunify with their parents more quickly. However, in recent years a new approach has emerged which emphasises the use of quantitative targets to expedite exits from care, even when this entails terminating parental rights or pursuing alternatives to family reunification such as child adoption. Since then, states have adopted very different policy approaches to promote timely exits from out-of-home care. Yet relatively few comparative studies have been undertaken to examine which approaches have yielded better outcomes. Further, the evidence base on whether some approaches may be associated with negative distortionary effects, particularly with regard to permanency outcomes, remains limited. In this research, I focus on performance-based contracting (PBC); a type of policy approach which links compensation of child welfare agencies to the achievement of specific quantitative targets. My analysis focuses on four states: two that have employed PBC to reduce the amount of time children spend in care—Illinois and North Carolina—and two that have not—New Jersey and Washington state, using multi-year, multi-state entry cohorts based on the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). I find that PBC states recorded greater improvements in the timeliness of permanency outcomes compared to states that do not employ PBC during the period considered. I also find that compositional effects related to the race of children entering care and the type of placement setting chosen, in combination with other influences including secular trends, may play a part in shaping this outcome for particular groups. I am, however, unable to conclude whether these outcomes are the result of PBC alone or a combination of other factors, which I am not able to capture or control for with the data utilised. Further, my analysis cannot conclusively determine whether some of these outcomes might be accompanied by various distortionary effects, including “cherry picking” or other types of gaming. My research, however, does cast doubt on some of the “mechanisms” through which changes in the timeliness in permanency outcomes are achieved as well as raises the need for a more nuanced and complex theoretical framework to explain how PBC might shape the timeliness of permanency outcomes.
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Glenn, Diana T. "Residential Landscape Water Check Programs: Exploring a Conservation Tool." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/836.
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In response to drought and regional growth in the arid western United States, urban water demand management is increasingly important. Single family residences use approximately 60% of their water consumption to irrigate landscapes often in excess of plant water requirements. This study utilized a quasi-experimental design to investigate outdoor water consumption and assess the effectiveness of a landscape water check conservation program. Study objectives included describing a contextualized landscape system to reveal variables influencing water use, identifying better ways to evaluate landscape water use, and more effectively targeting and delivering water conservation programs.
The study was conducted during the 2004 and 2005 irrigation seasons in Logan City, Utah, in connection with a city-sponsored water check program. In Utah's sixth year of drought, free water checks were offered to all city households and delivered to 148 self-selected volunteers (2004) and 101 recruits from a target sample of above-average water users (2005). The site-specific approach incorporated landscape water checks to inspect residential landscapes, historical ETo data to create irrigation water schedules, survey data to assess water conservation behavior and the effectiveness of a water check program as a conservation tool, remote sensing data to develop household water budgets, and city water billing records to evaluate water consumption during a six-year period (2002 - 2007).
The data analysis informed creation of a conceptual framework of the residential landscape system that describes the complex systems thinking required to use water effectively. Water use case studies illustrate the interplay of system domains; site, plant material, irrigation technology, and behavior. Several assessment and monitoring tools were developed to aid in data analysis, which include the Urban Landscape Water Index and Conservation Outcomes Assessment and Intervention Evaluation Tools. Key research findings reveal the influence of sprinkler system controllers, adoption of recommended water schedule and conservation measures, and residential mobility on subsequent water use.
Research findings shed light on the complex and contextualized nature of water use in relation to residential landscapes and on methodological issues involved in evaluating conservation program effectiveness. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of outdoor water conservation programs.
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Georgeault, Laurent. "Le potentiel d'écologie industrielle en France : approche territoriale et éléments de réalisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010641.
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Cette thèse porte la construction, la pratique et les usages de l’écologie industrielle en France dans sa dimension territoriale. Dans un premier temps, elle se concentre sur les différentes échelles ainsi que sur les rôles que les collectivités territoriales peuvent jouer en matière d’aménagement industriel dans les démarches dédiées aux symbioses industrielles. Les enjeux et les axes possibles pour la définition d’un potentiel d’écologie industrielle sont ensuite étudiées. Le potentiel d’écologie industrielle tel que nous le définissons dans cette thèse est un indicateur permettant d’identifier une capacité pour le territoire à mettre en place des synergies. Il permet, sur la base d’une estimation du caractère industriel du tissus économique installé, de discriminer les diverses sous-composantes d’un territoire pour orienter les démarches territoriales. Après l’étude des diverses données disponibles pour établir au niveau français, sa mise en application est réalisée et évaluée. Elle est suivie d’une caractérisation du métabolisme territorial de l’Ile-de-France, approche destinée à compléter le potentiel d’écologie industrielle quand celui-ci est estimé nul sur le territoire. Les évolutions de l’appareil statistique disponible et la pertinence des échelles sont alors discutées. Enfin, une plateforme d’appui à l’action présente les traductions applicatives du potentiel d’écologie industrielle et plusieurs contributions au domaine réalisées pendant la thèse. Elle concernent la qualification des flux, la prise en compte des services et l’intégration de modules de détection et d’évaluation des synergies pour compléter le patrimoine applicatif français du domaineNo English summary available
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Leeney, David. "From public participation in neighbourhood policing to testing the limits of social media as a tool to increase the flow of community intelligence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277697.
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In practice, neighbourhood policing adopts a view of information set out by Wilmer (1970), where community intelligence is a product that is produced by the police, owned by the police, for consumption by the police, in a ‘battle for information’ that seeks criminal ‘signals’ from ‘noise’. This thesis proposes that this industrial age police centric view of intelligence is redundant in the information age and that the growth of social media provides opportunities for the police and citizens to use information from events in new ways to co-produce community safety. The work draws on the work of Granovetter (1973) who theorised that new information rests with weak ties, Shirky (2009) who argued that collaborative technologies lower the transaction cost of citizen participation to enable the flow of latent information, and Ericson & Haggerty (1997) who envisaged a role for the police as communicators of risk. Utilising a new framework of information, developed for the thesis, to describe an information market, its mixed-methodology approach incorporated qualitative methods such as focus groups and survey, quantitative methods such as secondary analysis of Twitter data. A randomised controlled trial was also used to field test the hypothesis that information about crime proactively published by the police on social media would generate more information flowing from citizens to the police than reactive policing methods. Taken together the research found that citizens were either active or passive consumers of information who expected the police to provide an information bridge with and between citizens. In doing so they expected the police to filter signals about risk from noise for citizens, and amplify that signal so that it is heard by citizens above other background noise. The results did not support the hypothesis that social media would obtain more new pieces of information than traditional approaches. Rather it was found that PCSO inquiries received more information than email requests for information or alerts posted on social media. The research also acted as a catalyst for operational change and resulted in greater use of social media by the police force and a move towards a style of tweeting that was more likely to generate engagement in neighbourhood policing.
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Rimbert-Pirot, Anne-Gaëlle. "Analyse du processus de territorialisation de l'action publique : construction d'un territoire et appropriation d'un outil pour agir collectivement : cas des programmes territoriaux de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1099/document.
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L’intérêt de la recherche porte sur le processus de territorialisation de l’action publique et plus particulièrement celle du système de santé français. En marge des territoires administratifs imposés par le haut apparaît le besoin d’identifier et de comprendre les logiques spatiales des acteurs locaux et des usagers, supposées alors mieux prendre en compte ces spécificités territoriales et ainsi ajuster les actions pour lutter contre les inégalités sociales de santé et d’accès aux soins. L’objectif est d’étudier la territorialisation au regard du processus de construction d’un territoire par les acteurs locaux et d’appropriation d’un outil d’action publique pour agir collectivement. Une première partie théorique présente et fait le lien entre les trois objets de recherche « territorialisation », « construction du territoire » et « appropriation d’un outil ». La deuxième partie présente les cas étudiés ainsi que les choix épistémologiques et méthodologiques. La focale est mise sur le déploiement d’un outil d’action publique, le Programme Territorial de Santé, sur deux territoires de santé. La troisième partie présente l’analyse des résultats issus des entretiens réalisés et de l’observation menée. L’objectif est d’identifier et de comprendre quels sont les leviers éventuels dont peuvent se saisir les acteurs locaux dans le processus de déclinaison de l’action publique. Enfin la quatrième partie, dans une logique discursive présente une reconsidération des dimensions du territoire construite afin de proposer un modèle articulant la dichotomie entre territoire prescrit et territoire émergent et prenant en compte les spécificités d’un outil public de territorialisationThis research focuses on public policy territorialisation. While administrative territories, such as health territories, are imposed via a top-down process, a bottom-up approach is also recognised as being necessary. Here, local stakeholder and user needs are identified and understood meaning that territory specificities are recognised, local public actions are adapted, social inequalities are tackled and access to care is facilitated. This work focuses on the construction process of one such territory by public and local actors. In order to increase knowledge the objective is to study this process in relation to the procedure of territory building by local stakeholders and the ownership of a public policy tool which will lead to collective action. The first section is theoretical and presents the links between the three research areas: territrialisation, territory construction and appropriation of a tool. The second part presents the epistemological and methodological choices and the case study. Focus is placed on the deployment of a public policy tool, in this case a territorial health programme, in two health territories. The third part presents an analysis of the results which include interviews and observation. Finally, the fourth section places the results in perspective. The dimensions of constructed territory are reconsidered so as to offer a model articulating the dichotomy between prescribed territory and emergent territory while taking into consideration the specificities of a public tool for regionalisation
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Jerndahl, Fineide Mona. "Controlled by Knowledge : A Study of two Clinical pathways in Mental Healthcare." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-12937.
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Standardisation of professional work is a major policy concern to ensure quality and efficiency of services and a number of hospitals are now focusing on the use of clinical pathways as an important tool to standardise their work. This study sheds light on the processes set in motion when notions of standardisation meet local practice. In order to gain insight into what clinical pathways mean for professional work in mental health care, the focus of the study was to explore the contexts in which standardisation by “rule production” takes place. Two empirical cases from Norwegian mental health care show how dedicated professionals are in charge of carrying out the standardisation work, strongly influenced by a steering framework of defined governmental policies where employee involvement and responsibility ensured loyalty to the idea. Along with a “package” of ideas, new bodies and techniques, clinical pathways contribute to the institutionalisation of prima facie knowledge in demonstrating that evidence basing is linked to steering and control of employees. Thus, professional autonomy is threatened in an insidious way: through the institutionalisation of evidence-based knowledge as ‘prima facie’ knowledge in combination with professionals who standardise and control their own work. The thesis therefore concludes that the control of professional work has now become a complex and sophisticated process where professional work is “controlled by knowledge”.
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Lewinstein, Jenna Floricel. "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: A Case Study of Social Media as an Agenda Setting Tool in the U.S. House of Representatives." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1336.
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The purpose of “Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez: A Case Study of Social Media as an Agenda Setting Tool in the U.S. House of Representatives” is to explore the impact of a politician’s social media presence on agenda setting in Congress. It was born out of the research question, “how do freshman members of the House of Representatives seek power and influence in their first term?” I answer this using Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez as a case study, as she is a current freshman legislator with undeniable power and influence. I studied Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s tweets from two time periods: the month leading up to her election and her second month in office. I categorized and counted each tweet into 4 categories that yielded quantifiable results. Subsequently, I did a textual analysis of certain tweets from the two periods and explained their relevance to her shift in content and success as a public figure. I found that since being elected, the proportion of Rep. Ocasio-Cortez tweets about National issues increased by four times more than during her primary. Additionally, after being elected, her tweets about her District were proportionally one-fourth of they were during her primary campaign. I interpret this finding as Rep. Ocasio-Cortez’s efforts to influence the national agenda, a task rarely taken on by a freshman Representative. I also found that she had nearly doubled the proportion of tweets that fall under the Extraneous category, utilizing personal anecdotes, inspirational messages, feminist actions and insights, and calls for progressive leadership that connect with her audience and set her apart from strictly policy-oriented politician Twitter accounts. Altogether, I have analyzed Rep. Ocasio-Cortez’s Twitter presence and believe it to be a key element of her success in agenda setting as a freshman Congress member.
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Mineur, Eva. "Towards sustainable development : Indicators as a tool of local governance." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Political Science, Umeå Universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1428.
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CÃmara, Camila de Freitas. "Evolution of the landscape as tool to the consolidation of sustainable public policies in the sector promontory District JacaÃna-coastal plain of JacaÃna district, municipality of Aquiraz / Ce." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12693.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoA zona costeira revela um ambiente complexo e vulnerÃvel comandado por processos naturais que atuam na manutenÃÃo do equilÃbrio dinÃmico. Tais fatores expressam uma paisagem com grande potencial produtivo, sendo espaÃo privilegiado para o desenvolvimento das atividades sociais, culturais e econÃmicas. Isso reflete na concentraÃÃo populacional, diversidade de usos e interesses socioeconÃmicos pelos sistemas ambientais e das formas de ocupaÃÃo, em grande parte contribuindo para o comprometimento da estrutura e funcionamento da paisagem. Esta pesquisa està direcionada para o estudo da planÃcie costeira do distrito de JacaÃna, municÃpio de Aquiraz/Ce. A Ãrea representa um recorte geomorfolÃgico situado na costa leste do estado do Cearà a 44 km da capital, inserido entre as latitudes 3 58â 4ââ S e 3 56â 6ââ S e longitudes 38 15â 4ââW e 38 18â 2ââW, totalizando uma Ãrea de 29,50 kmÂ. Por se tratar de um setor de promontÃrio, onde ocorre o mecanismo de by pass atua como importante regulador de areia para os sistemas ambientais pertencentes à planÃcie costeira do municÃpio. A utilizaÃÃo inadequada dessa Ãrea poderà incorrer em possÃveis riscos para a disponibilidade sedimentos e afetar os sistemas ambientais vinculados à prÃpria qualidade de vida das comunidades litorÃneas. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo principal foi analisar a evoluÃÃo da paisagem e suas implicaÃÃes socioambientais na configuraÃÃo atual, visando contribuir para a consolidaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas sustentÃveis. Adotou-se a concepÃÃo integrada da paisagem fundamentada no mÃtodo sistÃmico, com Ãnfase para a anÃlise evolutivo-dinÃmica. Para tanto, foram realizados: levantamentos bibliogrÃficos e cartogrÃficos; anÃlise e integraÃÃo dos componentes geoambientais; mapeamento dos sistemas e interpretaÃÃo cartogrÃfica (1958, 1970 e 2009). Os resultados obtidos revelaram a ocorrÃncia de processos erosivos acentuados vinculados à aÃÃo natural dos processos costeiros, o que resultou na reduÃÃo significativa das Ãreas de praia/pÃs-praia. No ano de 2009, as intervenÃÃes humanas contribuÃram para acentuar esse quadro atravÃs de construÃÃes irregulares e manejo inadequado dos recursos naturais. As planÃcies lacustres, faixa de praia e os campos de dunas mÃveis destacaram-se como as unidades de paisagem mais afetadas. Essa conjuntura revela a necessidade de aÃÃes efetivas e participativas relacionadas ao monitoramento das atividades desenvolvidas e em desenvolvimento, assim como a valorizaÃÃo dos ambientes naturais.
The coastal area reveals a complex and vulnerable environment controlled by natural processes that act in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium. These factors express a landscape with large production potential, being privileged to the development of social, cultural and economic activities space. This reflects the population density, diversity of uses and socioeconomic interests in environmental systems and forms of occupation, largely contributing to the impairment of the structure and functioning of the landscape. This research is directed to the study of the coastal plain of JacaÃna district, municipality of Aquiraz / Ce.The area represents a geomorphological cut on the east coast of Cearà State to 44 km from the capital, inserted between latitudes 3  58 '4'' S and 3  56' 6 '' S and longitude 38  15 ' 4 ''W and 38  18 ' 2 '' W , totaling an area of 29.50 km Â. Because it is a sector of the promontory, where the mechanism occurs bypass acts as an important regulator of sand belonging to the coastal plain of the county environmental systems. The misuse of this area may incur potential risks to sediment availability and affect environmental systems linked to the very quality of life of coastal communities. In this perspective, the main objective was to analyze the evolution of the landscape and its environmental implications in the current configuration, aiming to contribute to the consolidation of sustainable public policies. Adopted the integrated approach based on the systemic method, with emphasis on the evolutionary - dynamic analysis landscape. To do so: bibliographic and cartographic surveys; analysis and integration of geo-environmental components; systems and cartographic mapping of interpretation (1958, 1970 and 2009) were performed. The results revealed the occurrence of sharp erosion linked to the natural action of coastal processes, which resulted in significant reduction of the areas of the beach / backshore. In 2009, human interventions helped to accentuate this framework through irregular constructions and improper management of natural resources. The stretch of beach and dunes fields stand out as the units most affected landscape. This scenario shows the need for effective and participatory actions related to monitoring of the activities and development as well as the appreciation of natural environments.
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Harris, Jenine, Leslie Hinyard, Kate E. Beatty, Jared B. Hawkins, Elaine O. Nsoesie, Raed Mansour, and John S. Brownstein. "Evaluating the Implementation of a Twitter-Based Foodborne Illness Reporting Tool in the City of St. Louis Department of Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6821.
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Foodborne illness is a serious and preventable public health problem affecting 1 in 6 Americans with cost estimates over $50 billion annually. Local health departments license and inspect restaurants to ensure food safety and respond to reports of suspected foodborne illness. The City of St. Louis Department of Health adopted the HealthMap Foodborne Dashboard (Dashboard), a tool that monitors Twitter for tweets about food poisoning in a geographic area and allows the health department to respond. We evaluated the implementation by interviewing employees of the City of St. Louis Department of Health involved in food safety. We interviewed epidemiologists, environmental health specialists, health services specialists, food inspectors, and public information officers. Participants viewed engaging innovation participants and executing the innovation as challenges while they felt the Dashboard had relative advantage over existing reporting methods and was not complex once in place. This study is the first to examine practitioner perceptions of the implementation of a new technology in a local health department. Similar implementation projects should focus more on process by developing clear and comprehensive plans to educate and involve stakeholders prior to implementation.
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Braga, PatrÃcia Barros. "Analysis of programa selo municipio verde as a tool operational in environmental management in the state of CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8675.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoThis dissertation proposed to check the contribution of public policies for environmental management of the municipalities in CearÃ. To this end, we used as the basis of study the Programa Selo MunicÃpio Verde of the State of CearÃ, which aims to promote environmental protection, supported in community mobilization and public agencies. Thus, this research aimed to analyze if the PSMV was an efficient tool for Municipal Environmental Management in CearÃ. Therefore, this work was concentrated in three areas; firstly was examined the program as a mechanism for facilitating the Municipal Environmental Management in CearÃ. Subsequently, were made comparative analyzes under the optics of the Environmental Management, among municipalities certified by the PSMV and non-certified in 2009. Finally, we verified whether criteria of the PSMV certification contributed to the insertion of instruments of environmental management in municipalities in CearÃ. In methodology this dissertation was held, in addition to bibliographic and documentary research, statistical analysis generating and tables and graphs for better understanding of the functioning of the program. Finally, we verified whether criteria of the PSMV certification contributed to the insertion of instruments of environmental management in municipalities in CearÃ
Esta dissertaÃÃo se propÃs verificar a contribuiÃÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas para a gestÃo ambiental dos municÃpios cearenses Neste intuito, utilizou como base de estudo o Programa Selo MunicÃpio Verde do Governo do Estado do Cearà que tem como meta promover a proteÃÃo ambiental, apoiado na mobilizaÃÃo da comunidade e de ÃrgÃos pÃblicos. Assim, esta pesquisa que teve como objetivo principal, analisar, se o PSMV foi uma ferramenta eficiente para GestÃo Municipal Ambiental no CearÃ. Para tanto, concentrou-se em trÃs esferas; primeiramente, analisou o programa como mecanismo facilitador para a GestÃo Municipal Ambiental no CearÃ. Posteriormente, foram feitas anÃlises comparativas, no Ãmbito da GestÃo Ambiental, entre os municÃpios certificados pelo PSMV e os nÃo certificados, no ano de 2009. Por fim, foi verificado se os critÃrios de certificaÃÃo do PSMV contribuÃram para inserÃÃo de instrumentos de GestÃo Ambiental nos municÃpios cearenses. A metodologia para a realizaÃÃo desse trabalho escolheu-se, orientado pelos pressupostos da pesquisa, alÃm da pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e documental, a anÃlise estatÃstica na geraÃÃo de tabelas e grÃficos, para o melhor entendimento do funcionamento do programa. Como resultado final foi observado que a certificaÃÃo contribuiu de maneira eficiente na gestÃo ambiental dos municÃpios analisados.
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Åström, Angie. "Svensk offentlig diplomati i förändring : En fallstudie om Svenska institutet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17315.
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The Swedish Institute is a public agency promoting Swedish interest, national image and confidence around the world. This work attempts to investigate how communication and a process over time influences and effects public diplomacy. The analytic discussion is based on a single case study research of this Institute representing ideas in the international science field of public diplomacy. The theoretical ideas of public diplomacy are placed in a theoretical perspective of social constructivism. The method is qualitative, with excerpts taken from interviews, literature, newspapers, articles, state public reports and social media. The work adopts a discourse analytic approach, aiming to uncover the structure of public diplomacy by using three analytic tools: soft power, nation branding and cultural diplomacy. The presented analysis and examples suggest a close collaboration between researchers and practitioners can lead to a coherent theory of public diplomacy. The result identifies promising directions as well as weakness and gaps in existing knowledge. The work promotes an analytic tool “korstryck” for theorize and conceptualize the discussion of public diplomacy. A strategy of today requires three fundamental components: power, diplomacy and communication. The challenge in public diplomacy is the balance between public opinion, public foreign policy and global networks of communication. The paper aims to open doors for further scientific works are needed in the searching for a theory of public diplomacy.
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Lee, Elizabeth H. "Perceptions and Evaluation of an Urban Environment for Pedestrian Friendliness: A Case Study." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/391.
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Public health is an increasingly important issue addressed from both environmental and public health sectors for the future development of urban environments. From a planning perspective, one possible solution is to increase walkability throughout the cities. Many assessment methods are being developed and administered to evaluate the quality of existing urban environments to promote walkable cities/communities. The results from using these methods provide policymakers and stakeholders with valuable information regarding the existing physical conditions of the environment. Although several US cities started to develop and refocus plans toward pedestrian-oriented policies approaches, results from this particular study determined that the quality of pedestrian environments cannot solely be determined by using available assessment tools and recommend additional analytical methods used in conjunction with source data to provide a complete perspective to successfully increase the quality of life. The condition of the physical environment – high, average, and low quality – was important contributing factors to increase walkability, yet, it is equally important to understand and consider the needs, preferences and perceptions of end users when public officials are charged with the task of developing plan proposals for pedestrian neighborhoods. This study addresses these issues through a case study examining the quality of pedestrian environment and how people perceive those surroundings of downtown San Luis Obispo.
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Binet, Laura. "Rule of law: a tool for security implementation in post-war contexts : An analysis of the EU’s engagement in Kosovo through the assessment of the political capability of EULEX." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44337.
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Corruption and low judicial structures are two downsides that post-conflict reconstruction countries are experiencing when declaring independence. In the case of Kosovo, at the eve of its unilateral independence, there were no definite objectives launched by neighboring countries in order to counter the flaws introduced by the new actuality of things. The EULEX mission launched the same year of Kosovo’s independence is often seen as a major step by the EU in order to implement security in a post-war context, through the introduction of a tool said to help to strengthen policies: the rule of law. However, it has been seen that it is not the first time the EU is getting involved in such missions under such circumstances, leaving individuals speculating on the true intentions of the EU within its foreign policy. This research aims at analyzing the EU engagement in Kosovo from a rationalist lens, with the help of the theory of political and democratic capabilities introduced by March & Olsen in 1995. The research question being: ‘How and to what extent is the EU developing political capabilities to implement security in post-war countries?’, it is intending on assessing if EULEX Kosovo has developed political capabilities and the extent of it, in order to determinate the commitment of the EU to establish security in the country.
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De, Wouters De Bouchout Charlotte. "Le renforcement des capacités entre autonomisation et contrôle: le cas de la politique publique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209266.
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Le renforcement des capacités favorise-t-il le contrôle ou l’autonomisation ?Est-il un moyen ou une fin ?Le renforcement des capacités est un objet d’étude contemporain qui génère de nombreux débats. Cette thèse y apporte une contribution en analysant le contenu et la portée des processus de renforcement des capacités développés par et pour les acteurs de la société civile engagés dans la mise en œuvre de la politique publique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA au Sénégal. Partant du postulat théorique selon lequel le renforcement des capacités peut être considéré comme un instrument de politique publique, la thèse analyse l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’idéologie prédominante, New Public Management d’une part ou Empowerment d’une part, et le couplage ou non avec l’instrument de subvention, influencent de manière déterminante la nature et les résultats des processus de renforcement des capacités. Au travers d’une approche empirique, les effets et influences parfois contradictoires de l’instrument, oscillant entre renforcement du contrôle et renforcement de l’autonomie selon les objectifs et stratégies mises en place par les divers acteurs du niveau international au niveau local (bailleurs de fonds internationaux, ONG nationales, OCB/Associations locales), sont mis en évidence.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Tandé, Alexandre. "Lutter contre les discriminations éthno-raciales et/ou promouvoir la diversité ? : le développement d'une action publique ambigüe en région de Bruxelles-Capitale (1997-2012)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20014.
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A Bruxelles comme dans d’autres contextes régionaux et nationaux, de nombreux professionnels et spécialistes présentent les notions de discrimination et de diversité dans le domaine de l’emploi comme « les deux faces d’une même pièce » : au dépassement de la première répondrait l’avènement de la seconde. Considérant ce discours comme problématique, nous retraçons dans notre thèse l’émergence et le développement de l’action publique bruxelloise de lutte contre les discriminationsethno-raciales et de promotion de la diversité en matière d’emploi, depuis la fin des années 1990. Dans une perspective qualitative, nous analysons les conditions d’élaboration et de mise en oeuvre de cette action publique régionale, en prêtant une attention particulière aux pratiques des acteurs et aux effets concrets des dispositifs (en particulier le « Plan de diversité »). Au-delà du caractère éduisant et consensuel de la notion de diversité, nous montrons que les interventions qui s’en réclament tendent à perdre de vue le problème des discriminations ethno-raciales en matière d’emploi, qu’elles devaient pourtant contribuer à réduire. Les entreprises privées peuvent ne pas voir l’utilité ni la pertinence des « bonnes pratiques » de gestion des ressources humaines promues dans ce cadre. Et même lorsque les pratiques managériales évoluent, cela n’a pas forcément d’effet en matière de recrutement ou de reconnaissance symbolique des minorités ethno-racialesIn Brussels as in many other regional and national contexts, discrimination and diversity are often described as “two sides of the same coin”, diversity being thought of as a solution to discrimination. We question this argument in our doctoral dissertation and examine how authorities in the Brussels region implemented a new public policy to tackle discrimination and promote diversity since the end of the 1990s. We analyse in a qualitative perspective how measures and instruments were designed and brought into action. In particular, we focus on social practices and also on the practical effects of the policy instruments mobilized in this context (especially the “Diversity plan”). The seducing notionof diversity seems to produce consensus, but we also show that it often leads to losing sight of the discrimination problem. Furthermore, public authorities promote “best practices” to improve diversity in the workplace, but these are not always considered useful nor relevant by private companies. Even when changes appear to happen in management practices, we observe a limited impact on ecruitmentand also on symbolic recognition of ethno-racial minorities
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Breton, Éléanor. "La raison du territoire départemental : la contractualisation comme instrument de revendication d’une juridiction territoriale par les conseils généraux : le cas d’un conseil général (2001-2015)." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1276.
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Cette thèse porte sur la contractualisation des subventions mise en place par les conseils généraux, à destination des collectivités locales infra-départementales. Ces politiques de territorialisation de l’action publique s’inscrivent dans des dynamiques de recomposition des rapports de pouvoir entre les collectivités locales. A partir d’une étude de cas, la thèse montre comment les « contrats de territoire » sont construits et mis en œuvre, dans les années 2000, comme des instruments devant permettre au conseil général, fragilisé par les réformes des institutions locales, d’exercer une emprise sur son territoire. La confection de règles, d’organisations du travail, de savoirs et d’outils statistiques et cartographiques, contribue à structurer une « raison du territoire » départemental. Ces ressources constituent pour le conseil général de nouveaux appuis qui lui permettent d’endosser un rôle d’« expert-prescripteur » de l’aménagement de son territoire. Les processus qui concourent à la revendication de cette juridiction territoriale par le conseil général sont saisis empiriquement à partir de l’analyse des multiples investissements matériels et idéels qu’elle suppose et des relations politico-administratives qui la trament. Cette approche à hauteur d’acteurs permet de mettre en évidence les rapports d’interdépendance et les asymétries qui configurent les relations politiques locales et de saisir les limites d’une telle entreprise. La thèse se situe à la croisée d’une sociologie de l’action publique « en train de se faire », et d’une sociologie du travail politique et administratif. Elle interroge ce que les instruments de gouvernance, comme la contractualisation, et les tentatives de contrôle politique qu’ils renferment peuvent nous apprendre sur les formes contemporaines de gouvernement local et d’inscription territoriale du pouvoirThis thesis concerns the “contractualization” of subsidies set up by the Departmental Councils to co-finance the projects of local infra-departmental authorities. These policies of territorialisation of public action are part of the dynamics of recomposition of power relations between local authorities. Based on a case study, the thesis shows how local contractual arrangements were constructed and implemented from the 2000s as instruments to enable the Departmental Council, weakened by the reforms of local institutions, to exercise control over its territory. The creation of rules, work organisations, knowledge and statistical and cartographic tools contributes to structure a “reason of the departmental territory”. These resources provide the Departmental Council with new support that allows it to assume the role of "expert prescriber" of spatial planning of its territory. The processes that contribute to the claim of this territorial jurisdiction by the Departmental Council are empirically captured from the analysis of the multiple material and ideal investments it involves and the political-administrative relations that shape it. This actor-level approach makes it possible to highlight the interdependence relationships and asymmetries that structure local political relations and to understand the limits of such an undertaking. The thesis is at the crossroads of a sociology of public action "in the making" and a sociology of political and administrative work. It questions what instruments of governance, such as contractual arrangements, and the attempts at political control they contain can teach us about contemporary forms of local government and the territorial embedding of power
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Chang, Hsiao-Ling, and 張曉凌. "The Study on Public Transit of Remote District- Perspective of Policy Tools." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85565199676066724044.
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碩士中華大學
行政管理學系碩士班
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The public transportation is closely linked with human right to transportation especially in the remote district where most people are minority group. As the market in remote district is small, the government usually struggles between the protection of people’s rights and the maintenance of market efficiency when formulating the mass transit policies. Based on the theory of policy tools, this study conducted comprehensive analysis, evaluation and planning on the remote-district mass transit policies through content analysis and in-depth interview to hopefully propose some theoretical and practical strategies and recommendations. This study mainly applied the four policy tools (Authority,Treasure, Organization and Nodality) introduced by Christopher Hood to conduct analysis and found that the government’s direct service model in the past referring to a more government-involved and forced deliver of service. Currently, the subsidy is closed to the mix model of government’s moderate involvement. However, the model mainly allows interaction between the government and the mass transit business. The residents seem to have no way to express their opinions. Besides, this study further found that the emphasis of the information policy has a significant enlightenment on public transit policy. To maintain a balance between responsibility and efficiency and maximize the social welfare, the government must construct an intelligent mass transit system through the planning of combined policies, regularly review the mass transit network and subsidy program, conduct the complete investigation on the regional characteristics of the routes in remote district, the resident’s needs and local usable resources, open the competitive tender business model to cater for the local demand, establish the reward- punishment and the exit systems to manage the business, provide community bus service, loosen the regulation of the demand reaction transit service and formulate the management policies.
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Jobe, Van Erick. "Affordable housing : connecting goals of affordable housing with commonly used policies and policy tools /." 2009. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/303.
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"Advanced Scenario Analysis: Tools for Enhancing Social Resiliency." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14367.
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abstract: The uncertainty of change inherent in issues such as climate change and regional growth has created a significant challenge for public decision makers trying to decide what adaptation actions are needed to respond to these possible changes. This challenge threatens the resiliency and thus the long term sustainability of our social-ecological systems. Using an empirical embedded case study approach to explore the application of advanced scenario analysis methods to regional growth visioning projects in two regions, this dissertation provides empirical evidence that for issues with high uncertainty, advanced scenario planning (ASP) methods are effective tools for helping decision makers to anticipate and prepare to adapt to change.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Environmental Design and Planning 2011