Journal articles: 'Public policy tools'

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Campbell, Martha, and Julia Coffman. "Tools to Support Public Policy Grantmaking." Foundation Review 1, no. 3 (October 1, 2009): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/foundationreview-d-09-00027.1.

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MICKIEWICZ, Paweł, and Maciej J. NOWAK. "The role of spatial policy tools protecting the space as a public good." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.20.

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Purpose: The aim of the paper is to indicate functions that spatial policy tools at local level 10 should fulfill while protecting the space understood as a public good. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is of a review nature, but it refers to results of conducted research, included in the context of public goods. Findings: The area of communes covered by local plans is varied and very often depends on random circumstances from the perspective of the main spatial policy framework. The above illustrates diverse conditions, in which spatial conflicts may occur. Factors that should theoretically play an ordering role actually bring much more chaos. Therefore, the behavior of communal authorities in the implementation of spatial policy is contained in the sphere of impacts difficult to clearly predict, about which E. Ostrom mentioned. Social implications: In the context of current problems occurring in the spatial management system, it is worth developing the approach to space as a public good. This will help to adapt the approaches and characteristics of public goods to the current conditions of spatial management system and optimal role of spatial policy tools. Originality/value: This paper defines the roles of spatial policy tools protecting the space understood as a public good. Space protection in this approach must be implemented through specific spatial policy tools. The paper verifies the real scope of such protection. An attempt was made to translate approaches and dilemmas regarding public goods into conditions related to the spatial management system.

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Haselswerdt, Jake, and Brandon L. Bartels. "Public Opinion, Policy Tools, and the Status Quo." Political Research Quarterly 68, no. 3 (June 18, 2015): 607–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912915591217.

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Popa, Eugen Octav, Vincent Blok, and Renate Wesselink. "Discussion structures as tools for public deliberation." Public Understanding of Science 29, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662519880675.

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We propose the use of discussion structures as tools for analyzing policy debates in a way that enables the increased participation of lay stakeholders. Discussion structures are argumentation-theoretical tools that can be employed to tackle three barriers that separate lay stakeholders from policy debates: difficulty, magnitude, and complexity. We exemplify the use of these tools on a debate in research policy on the question of responsibility. By making use of discussion structures, we focus on the argumentative moves performed by the parties involved in this debate. We conclude by discussing advantages and limitations of discussion structures and we trace several opportunities for further research on these instruments.

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Owens, Douglas K. "Analytic Tools for Public Health Decision Making." Medical Decision Making 22, no. 1_suppl (September 2002): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027298902237969.

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Faysse, Nicolas, Kassirin Phiboon, and Titouan Filloux. "Public policy to support young farmers in Thailand." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019880187.

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In newly industrialised countries in Asia, programmes to support the establishment of young farmers are still emerging. This in particularly true in Thailand, despite the declared importance of supporting young farmers in national development strategies. The aim of the present study was to analyse policy tools to help young people start farming in Thailand. First, we reviewed existing policy tools in Thailand and in other countries. Based on this review, a series of workshops were held with young rural people and young farmers in Thailand to assess the most promising policy tools. During the workshops, participants discussed a set of 22 policy tools designed to support access to land, capital and markets, capacity-building and making farming a more attractive profession. The workshop participants thought almost all the proposed policy tools would be useful but gave priority to subsidies to start farming and to secure land leases. Reversing the current, very rapid decrease in the number of young farmers in Thailand will require ambitious programmes, which could not only focus on helping young people who are already interested in farming but also appeal to a broader public by making farming more attractive.

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Roch, Christine H., David W. Pitts, and Ignacio Navarro. "Representative Bureaucracy and Policy Tools." Administration & Society 42, no. 1 (March 2010): 38–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399709349695.

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Jobert, Bruno. "The Normative Frameworks of Public Policy." Political Studies 37, no. 3 (September 1989): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1989.tb00277.x.

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This article suggests some tools for the analysis of social conceptions that shape the policy-making process. It defines the three dimensions of policy frameworks and their links with the related notions of paradigm and myth. It analyses the institutionalization of policy framework building and its impact on power relations within the French policy-making process.

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Justice, Jonathan B., and Robert S. Goldsmith. "Private Governments or Public Policy Tools? The Law and Public Policy of New Jersey's Special Improvement Districts." International Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 1-3 (January 2006): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900690500409005.

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Cai, Yifei. "Nonlinear Analysis of Economic Growth, Public Debt and Policy Tools." Asian Economic and Financial Review 7, no. 1 (2017): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr/2017.7.1/102.1.99.108.

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Dunn, Alison. "Using the Wrong Policy Tools: Education, Charity, and Public Benefit." Journal of Law and Society 39, no. 4 (November 15, 2012): 491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6478.2012.00597.x.

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Clark, Norman. "Decision Tools for Public Policy: Can We Do Without Economics?" Journal of Economic Issues 30, no. 4 (December 1996): 949–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1996.11505860.

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Pankova, Svetlana, Aleksandr Tsypin, and Valery Popov. "Developing analytical tools for managing public policy on food security." Upravlenets 10, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2019-10-2-6.

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Beroggi, Giampiero E. G. "Employing analytic tools in large-scale engineering public policy-making." International Journal of Technology Management 19, no. 3/4/5 (2000): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2000.002814.

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Howlett, Michael, M. Ramesh, and Giliberto Capano. "Policy-Makers, Policy-Takers and Policy Tools: Dealing with Behaviourial Issues in Policy Design." Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 22, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2020.1774367.

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Olejniczak, Karol, Paweł Śliwowski, and Frans Leeuw. "Comparing Behavioral Assumptions of Policy Tools: Framework for Policy Designers." Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 22, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 498–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2020.1808465.

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Arnold, Gwen. "Policy learning and science policy innovation adoption by street-level bureaucrats." Journal of Public Policy 34, no. 3 (June 13, 2014): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x14000154.

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AbstractThis article investigates the conditions under which government officials who implement policy integrate the best available science into regulatory practice. It examines the adoption of rapid wetland assessment tools, a type of science policy innovation, by street-level bureaucrats in six US Mid-Atlantic states. These bureaucrats operate in relatively opaque and discretion-laden institutional settings. The analysis of an original survey of state wetland officials shows that these officials are more likely to adopt tools when they have more opportunities to learn tool-related information and practice norms. Bureaucrats’ adoption of this class of science policy innovations appears facilitated by peer communication via network ties, on-the-job experience and incentives and disincentives associated with bureaucrats’ organisational contexts and operating environments.

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Battaglini, Marco. "Public Protests and Policy Making*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 1 (November 13, 2016): 485–549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw039.

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Abstract Technological advances and the development of social media have made petitions, public protests, and other form of spontaneous activism increasingly common tools for individuals to influence decision makers. To study these phenomena, in this article I present a theory of petitions and public protests that explores their limits as mechanisms to aggregate information. The key assumption is that valuable information is dispersed among citizens. Through petitions and protests, citizens can signal their private information to the policy maker, who can then choose to use it or not. I first show that if citizens’ individual signals are not sufficiently precise, information aggregation is impossible, no matter how large is the population of informed citizens, even if the conflict with the policy maker is small. I then characterize the conditions on conflict and the signal structure that guarantee information aggregation. When these conditions are satisfied, I show that full information aggregation is possible as the population grows to infinity. When they are not satisfied, I show that information aggregation may still be possible if social media are available.

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Cloete, Fanie. "Assessing Governance With Electronic Policy Management Tools." Public Performance & Management Review 26, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1530957602250233.

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McGowan, Angela K., Gretchen G. Musicant, Sharonda R. Williams, and Virginia R. Niehaus. "Community Experiments in Public Health Law and Policy." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, S1 (2015): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12206.

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Community-level legal and policy innovations or “experiments” can be important levers to improve health. States and localities are empowered through the 10th Amendment of the United States Constitution to use their police powers to protect the health and welfare of the public. Many legal and policy tools are available, including: the power to tax and spend; regulation; mandated education or disclosure of information, modifying the environment — whether built or natural (e.g., zoning, clean water laws); and indirect regulation (e.g., court rulings, or deregulation). These legal and policy interventions can be targeted to specific needs at the community level and are often relatively low-cost, but high impact interventions. As every community is different, effective laws and policies will vary. This freedom allows states and localities to, as Justice Louis Brandeis argued, truly serve as “laboratories of democracy.”

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Lapinski, P. Scott, David Osterbur, Joshua Parker, and Alexa T. McCray. "Supporting Public Access to Research Results." College & Research Libraries 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl12-382.

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We posed the question of what services an academic library can best provide to support the NIH Public Access Policy. We approached the answer to this question through education, collaboration, and tool-building. As a result, over the last four years we have engaged over 1,500 participants in discussions of public access to research results, forged alliances with dozens of partners, and built online tools to ease the process of complying with the NIH policy. We conclude that librarians working in collaboration with other key constituencies can have a positive impact on improving access to the results of scientific research.

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Crowley, George R., and Scott A. Beaulier. "Public-sector Unions and Government Policy." Public Finance Review 46, no. 3 (July 15, 2016): 454–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116659355.

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Recent events, including the failed recall of Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker and the Chicago teachers strike, have shed light on the relationship between state fiscal policy and public-sector union power. While a literature has developed focusing on various aspects of the link between public-sector unions and government policy, scholars have yet to reach consensus. In most cases, public-sector unions have multiple tools they can use to influence policy. We find that union political contributions and collective bargaining are associated with higher incomes for state and local employees and with higher public employment, both across state and local governments overall as well as within the education sector. We also find relatively little evidence that union activity influences total spending.

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Loftis, Matt W., and Peter B. Mortensen. "A dynamic linear modelling approach to public policy change." Journal of Public Policy 38, no. 4 (October 16, 2017): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x17000186.

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AbstractTheories of public policy change, despite their differences, converge on one point of strong agreement: the relationship between policy and its causes can and does change over time. This consensus yields numerous empirical implications, but our standard analytical tools are inadequate for testing them. As a result, the dynamic and transformative relationships predicted by policy theories have been left largely unexplored in time series analysis of public policy. This article introduces dynamic linear modelling (DLM) as a useful statistical tool for exploring time-varying relationships in public policy. The article offers a detailed exposition of the DLM approach and illustrates its usefulness with a time series analysis of United States defense policy from 1957 to 2010. The results point the way for a new attention to dynamics in the policy process, and the article concludes with a discussion of how this research programme can profit from applying DLMs.

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Seelman, Katherine D., and Linda M. Hartman. "Telerehabilitation: Policy Issues and Research Tools." International Journal of Telerehabilitation 1, no. 1 (September 4, 2009): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2009.6013.

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The importance of public policy as a complementary framework for telehealth, telemedicine, and by association telerehabilitation, has been recognized by a number of experts. The purpose of this paper is to review literature on telerehabilitation (TR) policy and research methodology issues in order to report on the current state of the science and make recommendations about future research needs. An extensive literature search was implemented using search terms grouped into main topics of telerehabilitation, policy, population of users, and policy specific issues such as cost and reimbursement. The availability of rigorous and valid evidence-based cost studies emerged as a major challenge to the field. Existing cost studies provided evidence that telehomecare may be a promising application area for TR. Cost studies also indicated that telepsychiatry is a promising telepractice area. The literature did not reference the International Classification on Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Rigorous and comprehensive TR assessment and evaluation tools for outcome studies are tantamount to generating confidence among providers, payers, clinicians and end users. In order to evaluate consumer satisfaction and participation, assessment criteria must include medical, functional and quality of life items such as assistive technology and environmental factors. Keywords: Telerehabilitation, Telehomecare, Telepsychiatry, Telepractice

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Batalhao, Andre C. S., Denilson Teixeira, Maria de Fatima Martins, Hans Michael van Bellen, and Adriana Cristina Ferreira Caldana. "Sustainability Indicators: Relevance, Public Policy Support and Challenges." Journal of Management and Sustainability 9, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v9n2p173.

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Sustainability is a topic that has gained importance in several fields of knowledge, including the public, private and society spheres, based on the discussions that involve the definition of several public policies. Sustainability Indicators (SI) are metrics that seek to measure the level of sustainability and compile information for better decision-making concerning policies, programs, projects and actions related to sustainability. Demonstrated their relevance to public policies the SI appears as an essential tool for evaluating development goals as a sustainable proposal. In this way, this research aimed to discuss the main challenges and methodological limitations found in the use of SI, emphasizing the main fragilities identified in the literature. In methodological terms, the research has exploratory characteristics, supported by the mixed methods approach using a theoretical-empirical analysis, from the available literature on the subject and the methodologies used and the experience of researchers about the topic addressed. The main results demonstrated that Sustainability Indicators are tools that should be used to define, implement, evaluate and monitor public policies at all levels, considering the potentialities/weaknesses and priorities of each context.

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Brelàz, Gabriela de. "Participation as Public Policy." Revista de Empreendedorismo, Negócios e Inovação 5, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.36942/reni.v5i1.287.

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Brazil has been the locus for the implementation of various participatory tools and spaces after the period of democratization and promulgation of the 1988 Constitution. Many studies have been carried out to discuss the importance of these spaces and, more recently, the quality of participation and the impact on strengthening democracy (Avritzer, 2009; Dagnino, 2011; Lavalle, 2011). In May 2014, Decree 8.243 of the Presidency of the Republic sought to establish the National Social Participation Policy (NSPP) and the National Social Participation System (NSPS), with the objective of consolidating participation as a method of government through the organization of forums and social participation and other existing mechanisms in the federal government. The decree generated controversy and discussion in the media and by the Chamber of Deputies. The creation of a national social participation policy in 2014 represented an innovation that must be studied in depth, raising its potential and limitations. Based on the literature review, this article aims to: (i) present the trajectory of NSPP (ii) and analyze the attempt to institutionalize NPSP through the lens of Scott's regulatory, normative and cognitive pillars (2001, 2008), in order to identify and characterize the variables that influenced the process. The regulatory, normative and cultural cognitive pillars emerge from a refinement of institutional theory and contribute in an important way to the systematization of institutional analysis. Analyzing from the pillars' point of view, it is possible to say that the decree was the regulating pillar of institutionalization. However, there were opposing normative and cultural cognitive variables that culminated in its non-approval in the Chamber of Deputies and in not institutionalizing this public policy. This study aimed to show how regulatory, normative and cultural-cognitive elements worked together and materialized through different variables that impacted the NSPP non-institutionalization, contributing to understand the challenges that exist in the creation of a social participation policy, the fragility of some participation mechanisms in Brazil and the tension between participatory democracy and representative democracy. In the future, more analysis must be carried out to better understand the institutionalization of a participatory policy and system at the national level, taking into account new existent bills that deal with the subject.

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Chetty, Raj. "Behavioral Economics and Public Policy: A Pragmatic Perspective." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151108.

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The debate about behavioral economics–the incorporation of insights from psychology into economics–is often framed as a question about the foundational assumptions of economic models. This paper presents a more pragmatic perspective on behavioral economics that focuses on its value for improving empirical predictions and policy decisions. I discuss three ways in which behavioral economics can contribute to public policy: by offering new policy tools, improving predictions about the effects of existing policies, and generating new welfare implications. I illustrate these contributions using applications to retirement savings, labor supply, and neighborhood choice. Behavioral models provide new tools to change behaviors such as savings rates and new counterfactuals to estimate the effects of policies such as income taxation. Behavioral models also provide new prescriptions for optimal policy that can be characterized in a non-paternalistic manner using methods analogous to those in neoclassical models. Model uncertainty does not justify using the neoclassical model; instead, it can provide a new rationale for using behavioral nudges. I conclude that incorporating behavioral features to the extent they help answer core economic questions may be more productive than viewing behavioral economics as a separate subfield that challenges the assumptions of neoclassical models.

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Wiewel, Wim. "Response: The Use of Economic Analysis in Public Policy." Economic Development Quarterly 9, no. 4 (November 1995): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249500900404.

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Morales and colleagues deserve credit for extending traditional economic analysis by using anthropological field data and applying midlevel economic tools to policy analysis. However, their analysis is problematic because it exaggerates how many benefits would be lost if the Maxwell Street Market were moved, ignores the costs imposed by the market, and does not consider the economic benefits of the university's proposed land use. Even very moderate success of the university's plans will more than compensate for the economic losses caused by the market's move. It was politically impossible for the university to implement its expansion plans while maintaining the market. Such difficult choices inevitably arise in a complex urban environment. Cost-benefit analysis is a useful tool, but provides only some of the information that enters into the decision-making process. Thus analysts must be modest in the claims they make for the policy relevance of their data.

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Franco Vargas, María Helena, and Daniela Roldán Restrepo. "The instruments of public policy. A transdisciplinary look." Cuadernos de Administración 35, no. 63 (March 27, 2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v35i63.6893.

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The implementation of public policies involves knowing and analyzing the different instruments of public intervention from a transdisciplinary perspective involving legal, economic and political aspects, as this allows to broaden the understanding of the tools available to deal with public issues. In this sense, this paper seeks to present in an integrative and systematic way what have disciplines such as public law, the economy of the public sector and the political sciences, especially public policies, understood for public policy instruments. It takes a particular look at this latter approach and shows why this is the most comprehensive approach. Regarding the methodology, this text is the product of qualitative, theoretical, descriptive and exploratory research of a documentary nature. Among the main findings, intervention instruments were found to guide human behavior towards achieving certain public objectives, constitute the rules of the game and, therefore, serve as institutions that illuminate public action. They are also tools to correct market failures and achieve economic efficiency. Nevertheless, they are not limited to the formal technical and institutional two-dimensional nature of economics and law. Nowadays, the study of intervention instruments must be done in accordance with public policies; it must enable progressing towards context-sensitive governments, the diversity of actors, more active citizenship and the particularities of public affairs.

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Zhang, Ying, Yi-Luo Wang, and Ying Duan. "Analysis of China's Forest Protection Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools." Public Administration Research 10, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v10n1p47.

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From the perspective of policy tools, this paper using content analysis to analyze 43 central-level policy texts related to forest protection from 1990 to 2016, and divides forest protection policy tools into 16 items and 4 major types. Research conclusion: Among the four policy tools, command-and-control policy tools are used the most, followed by economic incentives, and the use of information disclosure and voluntary participation policy tools is relatively inadequate. Based on the above conclusions, this paper makes the following suggestions: To increase the use of economic incentives, information disclosure and voluntary participation policy tools, it is also possible to strengthen the use of information disclosure and voluntary participation policy tools through reasonable system design. In the newly implemented forestry ecological poverty alleviation field, explore and introduce new forestry ecological poverty alleviation policies and new mechanisms based on public participation, and comprehensively enhance the policy demonstration role of forestry in building a long-term poverty alleviation mechanism.

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Timtchenko, A. N. "Lobbizm in Russia in the context of models of political decision making: is evolution possible?" Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 24, no. 4 (January 12, 2019): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2018-24-4-168-179.

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The Russian political system decision-making models are evolutionizing. Following the trend lobbying models and methods evolve from policy managing to informal practice. The analytical policy-managerial cycle model shows lowering of public and rising corporative lobbying tools. Which remove the lobbing institutionalisation problem. Russia legislative and managerial institutionalisation examples verify lobbying evolution from interest accommodation framework to obligatory tool for policy and public representatives interactions via lobbyists.

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McNutt, John G. "Web 2.0 Tools for Policy Research and Advocacy." Journal of Policy Practice 7, no. 1 (April 22, 2008): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15588740801909994.

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Gómez‐Barroso, José‐Luis, and Claudio Feijóo. "Policy tools for public involvement in the deployment of next generation communications." info 11, no. 6 (September 25, 2009): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690910996687.

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Ito, Hiroshi. "Analyzing Toyota City’s Eco-policy Through Strategic Marketing Tools." Asian Social Science 15, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n4p23.

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Toyota City has long been making efforts to promote its eco-policy based on five eco-themes: transportation, the urban center, industry, forests, and the public welfare and livelihood. A previous study that examined changes in citizens’ awareness regarding the city’s eco-policy between 2012 and 2015 illustrated that while the city has been successful overall to communicate its eco-policy to citizens, it has failed to do so in some eco-themes such as industry or forests. That is, despite some improvement, promoting the city’s eco-policy still remains an issue. This paper analyzes Toyota City’s eco-policy by using strategic marketing tools to help elaborate on effective eco-policy promotion in the framework of social marketing. Given that the ultimate goal of eco-policy is to promote citizens’ pro-environmental behaviors, the concept of social marketing is relevant here, as it includes the promotion of public policies, including eco-policies. Social marketing also may help understand why some cities succeed to promote their eco-policies while others fail to do so and elaborate on an effective policy-making and promotion. In this article, I will first describe a brief overview of Toyota City’s eco-policy. I will next employ different kinds of marketing approaches that may be relevant to promoting eco-policy. I will then employ several strategic tools (i.e., marketing mix, strategic purposes, PEST, strategic groups, and SWOT) to help analyze Toyota City’s eco-policy. This article ends with some discussions about how to promote the city’s eco-policy.

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Delemarle, Aurelie. "A rationale for public intervention in disruptive technological development: public policy tools as trust-enabling mechanisms." Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 26, no. 1 (November 27, 2013): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2013.843659.

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Wimmer, Maria, Sabrina Scherer, Scott Moss, and Melanie Bicking. "Method and Tools to Support Stakeholder Engagement in Policy Development." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 8, no. 3 (July 2012): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2012070106.

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Good governance and open government principles require more participative, open, transparent, accountable, and collaborative. However, in public policy development, the negligence of these principles loomed particularly large until recently. In consequence, citizens have taken action by forming protest activities or responding to current politics with election turnouts leading to drastic change in political directions. Lessons from such activities are that policy makers need urgently to respond to demands of citizens to engage more pro-actively with politics in policy decisions that heavily concern particular stakeholder groups and citizens. Both groups need reliable support and up-to-date information and efficient and effective interactions on emerging societal problems and public affairs. The authors introduce an innovative approach to collaborative policy development, integrating scenario development, and formal policy modelling via an ICT toolbox. To bridge the gap between narrative texts of stakeholder-generated scenarios and formal policy models generating model-based scenarios, introducing conceptual modelling, which supports the construction of conceptual models of the policy domain and which enables tracing inputs of stakeholders to inform the formal policy models. This way, policy makers and stakeholders are better supported to understand the policy context. The OCOPOMO (Open Collaboration in Policy Modelling) approach fully supports the implementation of good governance principles.

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Khanijahani, Ahmad. "Governance and public health: implications for targeting smoking in the United States." International Journal of Health Governance 25, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-06-2019-0041.

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PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint is to discuss and analyze three major governance tools that have been implemented in the United States to target tobacco smoking as a major public health concern.Design/methodology/approachThe author highlights the negative consequences of smoking as a global and U.S public health concern and discusses three categories of governance tools implemented in the U.S. Additionally, emerging challenges in the U.S. and different sides of story in developing countries are underscored.FindingsAlthough some success has been reached in controlling smoking-related mortalities and morbidities in the U.S. and most of the countries, long-term and sustainable improvement require active surveillance and constant implementation of evidence-based policies and programs.Practical implicationsThis viewpoint discusses the governance tools that can be implemented to decrease smoking-related preventable mortalities and morbidities. Similar tools with some tuning can be used to target smoking in other nations. Additionally, these tools can be modified to target other public health-related wicked problems such as obesity, alcohol consumption, and traffic accidents.Originality/valueThis viewpoint highlights the magnitude of smoking as a major public health concern and underscores the necessity of using governance tools in targeting this issue. Additionally, it provides application examples from the United States implementable in other countries with some contextual justifications and tuning.

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Stonehouse, Pauline, and Jared Keengwe. "Technology Evaluation Tools and Teacher Performance in Public Schools." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 9, no. 1 (January 2013): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicte.2013010106.

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The purpose of this study was, (a) to describe the introduction of MVAL software and Charlotte Danielson Rubrics (CDR) as teacher evaluation tools; (b) to compare the process and outcomes of the new initiative with traditional systems, and (c) to evaluate the software from the perspective of participants in the system. This study highlights the need for public school district to improve the process of teacher evaluation using technlogy evaluation tools such as the mVal software. Addtionally, educational policy makers ought to examine effective standards-based criteria and the impact of technology tools on teacher evaluation and reflective practices.

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Khmelnitskaya, Marina. "Tools of Government for Russian Development: The Case of Housing." Russian Politics 2, no. 3 (August 19, 2017): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00203003.

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The article analyses the use of policy tools in the Russian housing sector, associated with the government’s objective of development, and examines the pattern of complementarity that exists between the policy tools. Building on the insights of historical institutionalist and public policy literatures, it argues that the choices of policy tools are determined by institutional and policy sector specific structural factors and temporal calculations by the policy makers leading them to adopt specific ‘bundles’ of policy instruments as well as doubling policy arrangements.

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Wong, Kenneth K. "Education Policy Trump Style: The Administrative Presidency and Deference to States in ESSA Implementation." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 50, no. 3 (2020): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjaa016.

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Abstract Since the 1960s, U.S. presidents have used their executive, administrative, and political power to pursue policy goals in elementary and secondary education. This article analyzes the K-12 education policy strategies pursued during the first three years of the Donald Trump presidency, focusing on two main aspects of Trump’s approach to education policy. First, I analyze Trump’s heavy reliance on executive and administrative tools and his use of these tools to promote state flexibility, diminish federal direction on civil rights issues, and expand private and public school choice. Second, I examine the Trump administration’s approach to implementing the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 (ESSA), especially in reviewing state plans pursuant to the ESSA. The administration took a highly deferential approach as states sought approval for their ESSA plans and in a way that suggests the Trump presidency is shifting federal involvement in K-12 education policy away from prioritizing equity and oversight.

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Crow, Deserai, and Michael Jones. "Narratives as tools for influencing policy change." Policy & Politics 46, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557318x15230061022899.

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Rusko, Miroslav. "Voluntary Tools Of The Environmental Oriented Product Policy." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 23, no. 36 (June 1, 2015): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2015-0014.

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Abstract Environmentally oriented product policy is in general determined by the relationships between its aims – subjects – objects - tools. It is based on the integrated approach to the product life cycle, which anticipates an enormous amount of information. It has to solve the questions of the international trade as well as the rules of the International Trade Organization. New forms of preventive environmental strategies and especially Green Marketing are being introduced helping to solve environmental problems and environmental motivation of producers. Many producers face great attention of the public regarding their approach to the environment. Despite the fact that the customers buy products fairly prudently and their behaviour is markedly affected by prices, a particular part of the population prefers the products that do not burden the environment. This brings about a situation, in which the producers within their mutual competition and in relation to customers are enforced to behave responsibly.

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Sánchez, Juan M., Juan P. Rodríguez, and Helbert E. Espitia. "Review of Artificial Intelligence Applied in Decision-Making Processes in Agricultural Public Policy." Processes 8, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111374.

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The objective of this article is to review how Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have helped the process of formulating agricultural public policies in the world. For this, a search process was carried out in the main scientific repositories finding different publications. The findings have shown that, first, the most commonly used AI tools are agent-based models, cellular automata, and genetic algorithms. Secondly, they have been utilized to determine land and water use, and agricultural production. In the end, the large usefulness that AI tools have in the process of formulating agricultural public policies is concluded.

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Haden, Mark. "Regulation of illegal drugs: an exploration of public health tools." International Journal of Drug Policy 15, no. 4 (September 2004): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.03.006.

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Postuła, Marta. "Spending reviews as tools in the public sector." Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, no. 34 (July 27, 2019): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/jmfs.2018.34.4.

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Worsening performance of public finance reported by a number of countries as a result of the global financial crisis enhanced interest in advanced and innovative methods of fiscal consolidation and stabilisation. Spending reviews are amongst the most comprehensive and advanced methods of this type. In the post-2008 age, spending reviews have been carried out by countries that had used the tool in earlier periods (the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, the UK or Australia) as well as by those who started using them for the first time (Ireland, Canada and France). Spending reviews are used in countries that are well advanced economically and whose public management systems are sufficiently mature.European Union Member States exhibit diverse interest in applying spending reviews which are not mandatory and have not been formalised in international legislation. The EU legislation contains general recommendations for the application of the rational fiscal policy enshrined first in the Treaty provisions, further developed by in the Stability and Growth Pact and detailed in 2011. The paper analyses the up-to-date experiences in using spending reviews in selected countries and draws conclusions from the process.

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Rostami, Nargess. "Public Diplomacy : Tools of Power in Foreign Policy : Case Study : Application of Public Diplomacy in Foreign Policy of United States of America." Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 3, no. 10 (June 2014): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018400.

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Sun, Ping, and Xiaojie Zhang. "Public Service and Technology Policy Research in China." Chinese Public Administration Review 5, no. 1/2 (November 5, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v5i1/2.79.

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This article offers an empirical study of contemporary public science and technology (S&T) policy research in mainland China by analyzing 1,410 articles published in four core academic journals during the three year period from 2004 to 2006. Based on the data, we found that the main subjects of the research were the national innovation system, S&T policy tools, and S&T industrial policy, and that the predominant research method was qualitative. The S&T research received significant financial support. We also argue that there is an enduring group of scholars devoting themselves to S&T research and they attach much importance to literature review. Although there were various problems with the research, this is a transitional phenomenon which should improve in the future.

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Pronińska, Kamila, and Krzysztof Księżopolski. "Baltic Offshore Wind Energy Development—Poland’s Public Policy Tools Analysis and the Geostrategic Implications." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 4883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164883.

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A key question for European energy transition is which forms of renewable energy technologies will play a central role in this process. The recent dynamic growth in offshore wind power together with the vast wind energy potential of the European seas, including the Baltic Sea, make this technology an increasingly attractive and viable option. Considering the high installation and connection costs, government support is considered essential for the development of offshore wind power. The aim of this article is to analyze Poland’s public policy tools, which govern offshore wind farm development, and to present them from a wider geostrategic perspective. Authors identify, classify, and evaluate individual public policy tools with the use of multi-criteria and multi-dimensional methods while explaining their impact on offshore wind development in Poland. The analysis of the individual tools has shown that the currently applied tools give a high probability of achieving public policy objectives. The characteristics of the applied tools prove that vital decisions on offshore wind energy have been made concerning the need for decarbonization but also regarding wider geostrategic calculations. Given the changing security dynamics in the Baltic Sea region, we highlight potential geostrategic risks to the implementation of offshore wind projects.

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MacLeod, Alan, and Nicola Spence. "Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 4, no. 5 (December 14, 2020): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20200343.

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COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

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Pottie, Kevin, Branka Agic, Douglas Archibald, Ayesha Ratnayake, Marcela Tapia, and Joanne Thanos. "HEIA tools: inclusion of migrants in health policy in Canada." Health Promotion International 34, no. 4 (April 17, 2018): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day016.

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Abstract This paper introduces the Migrant Populations Equity Extension for Ontario’s Health Equity Impact Assessment (HEIA) initiatives. It provides a mechanism to address the needs of migrant populations, within a program and policy framework. Validation of an equity extension framework using community leaders and health practitioners engaged in HEIA workshops across Ontario. Participants assessed migrants’ health needs and discussed how to integrate these needs into health policy. The Migrant Populations Equity Extension’s framework assists decision makers assess relevant populations, collaborate with immigrant communities, improve policy development and mitigate unintended negative impacts of policy initiatives. The tool framework aims to build stakeholder capacity and improve their ability to conduct HEIAs while including migrant populations. The workshops engaged participants in equity discussions, enhanced their knowledge of migrant policy development and promoted HEIA tools in health decision-making. Prior to these workshops, many participants were unaware of the HEIA tool. The workshops informed the validation of the equity extension and support materials for training staff in government and public health. Ongoing research on policy implementation would be valuable. Public health practitioners and migrant communities can use the equity extension’s framework to support decision-making processes and address health inequities. This framework may improve policy development and reduce health inequities for Ontario’s diverse migrant populations. Many countries are now using health impact assessment and health equity frameworks. This migration population equity extension is an internationally unique framework that engages migrant communities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Public policy tools'

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