Dissertations / Theses: 'Public Procurement Process'

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He, Chusu. "Public procurement : award mechanisms and implementation process." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35792.

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This thesis investigates the choice of award mechanism and the process of implementing the award of contracts in public procurement. Public procurement is an activity conducted by the public sector to purchase goods and services. Government spending on public procurement accounts for 10% to 25% of GDP in each country (World Bank Group, 2017). Because of its large sharing in government expenditure, public procurement can shed light on important practical policy issues, including those as investigated here: the choice of award mechanism (i.e. the process for selecting contractors); the possibility of costly delays in awarding contracts; and the concern that corruption may lead to inefficient outcomes. This thesis uses public procurement data for the UK and other EU countries plus Iceland and Norway. These countries adopt the same benchmark award mechanisms (the EU benchmark award mechanisms). The EU benchmark award mechanisms are implementations of the award mechanisms defined by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), which influences the award mechanism arrangement in 88 countries. There are four EU benchmark award mechanisms: the open procedure, the restricted procedure, the negotiated procedure and the competitive dialogue. Few empirical studies have investigated these EU benchmark award mechanisms. This thesis contains three independent and interrelated studies. The first study examines the choice of award mechanism in the UK, using the logit model. The results show that UK public buyers choose award mechanisms that are consistent with the theoretical suggestions. When a contract is complex, a UK public buyer is likely to employ an award mechanism that allows for greater discretion of selection. It also provides evidence that public buyer's experience is an important factor in award mechanism choice. Also based on UK data, the second study compares the decision speed of awarding a contract, using the logit model and survival analysis. It uncovers that delay in contract award is a serious issue for public procurement, as almost half of the contracts in our sample experienced delays in contract awards. The empirical results show that the negotiated procedure (which contains negotiations) is likely to be associated with a more rapid decision speed and a lower probability of delay than the restricted procedure (which does not contain negotiations). Therefore, this study casts doubt on the general expectation of practitioners that negotiation causes delays. The third study explores the relationship between discretion, corruption and competition in public procurement. Based on the revenue equivalence theorem and extensive form game, it proposes a game theory model showing that discretion fosters corruption, which in turn depresses the number of bidders and softens price competition. This is a mechanism that the procurement literature agrees but few formal models exist. The OLS estimates show a negative correlation between corruption and the number of bidders and suggest that procuring agents may disguise the impact of corruption by inflating the estimated contract value.

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Knutsen-Öy, Karolin. "Transparency in public procurement processes : a case study of a Swedish public procurement process in the consultancy market." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169906.

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This thesis explores the transparency in public procurement processes in Sweden. The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate the procurement process in the case of framework agreements on consultancy services and the focus is on exploring perceptions on the procurement process from both suppliers and procurers. The thesis contributes with findings to a research area that is not well studied, and where there is a need for more research. Previous research has focused on evaluating the regulations rather than the process. The results suggest that the specific procurement process studied is perceived to work well and being transparent. There might be information asymmetries present in the process which could potentially threaten the transparency. To further improve the procurement process both suppliers and procures would like to see more room for dialogue and less focus on following the regulations to the letter.

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Karahan, Turan Hamide. "A Web-based Public Procurement System." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605145/index.pdf.

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This study focuses on developing and implementing a web-based public procurement system. As one innovative way of enhancing public procurement, an attempt to develop and implement electronic tendering system is to be made. In designing the system, not only technological aspects but also issues related to public procurement process improvement are considered. As an analysis and design approach, object oriented methodology was chosen and UML was used. Java as a development language was preferred because the resulting system is expected to be portable. This study also puts forward propositions as to how the government should perform direct purchases to ensure that both public and private sector benefit from e-Procurement to achieve full value.

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ROLANDSSON, RASMUS. "Public Procurement of Security Technology : A multiple case study of Swedish municipalities and regions." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189760.

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Municipalities and regions in Sweden have an increasing need to purchase security technology to secure their properties and their operations. However this procurement process is strictly regulated by the Swedish procurement act (“Lagen om Offentlig Upphandling”, LoU), leading to a similar procurement process. However no academic studies have been done on the procurement of security technology in local authorities.This thesis explores and maps this process and the important aspects which affect how the process is carried out. This was done via a multiple case study, primarily involving interviews with experts from seven municipalities and six regions in Sweden. It analyses the public procurement from a process perspective from the initiation via the purchase to the follow-up and monitoring. Hence, the study is using a wider definition of the procurement process than most previous studies on public procurement. The aspects which affect this procurement process were also identified in this study.The results show that the procurement process has a cyclic nature, based on framework agreements in most of the studied case organizations. This cyclic nature gives both the planning and the follow-up central parts in a successful procurement process. The main identified aspects affecting the procurement process of security technology identified were: Supplier lock-in Procurement complexity The role LoU plays in the case organizationsOther themes related to main aspects presented above are also discussed in this thesis such as the suitability to implement SecaaS (Security as a Service) in the case organizations and the stakeholder dimension. The main conceptual contribution of this thesis is the usefulness of adapting a comprehensive process perspective when studying public procurement.

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Gihozo, Diane. "Adoption of e-procurement in Rwandan Public institutions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98992.

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In the modern competitive business environment, government institutions need to embrace information communications technology to remain competitive. Procurement has been recognized as a priority government agenda by many public sector agencies worldwide. In the same line the Government of Rwanda has taken several initiatives to streamline its public procurement system to bring it into line with the fundamental principles of transparency, competition, economy, efficiency, fairness, and accountability. Seminega the director of Rwanda public procurement authority stated that e-procurement can help the Government of Rwanda to reach to the above-mentioned principles .E-procurement can be described as an electronic way of procuring goods and services as well as other procurement process activities with the help of internet and other information and communication technologies systems. Before the adoption of e-procurement in some institutions in Rwanda, all the procurement activities were done traditionally in their institutions and this procurement method has been criticized for having many deficits, that contributed to huge losses in public funds and lacks transparency, accountability, and fair competition. In this regard, the government of Rwanda decided to adopt an e-procurement system in its public institutions. the e-procurement system was launched in August 2016. The pilot stage started with eight public institutions, ministry of finance and economic planning is one of them and it is a case study used in this thesis research. it has been selected by the researcher because it is a cross-cutting ministry in the procurement process. Different forms of e-procurement have been discussed as well as benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of e-procurement. the purpose of this research study is to examine how the e-procurement system is used and explore the benefits and challenges associated with its adoption in Rwanda’s public institution. Qualitative research was chosen, and a case study was conducted in the ministry of finance and Economic planning. The source of data for the empirical is from personal interviews and second data. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the adoption of the e-procurement system brought several benefits to MINECOFIN but also it presents challenges associated with the adoption of e-procurement

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Gazula, Sriharsha, and Anil Kumar Vadali. "Comparison of Public Tender Process between Sweden and India." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2477.

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Context. Public procurement is an important factor in procurement of products and services by government organizations. It also helps in protection of corruption by applying the principles of non-discrimination and transparency for procurement of Software products and services along with their distribution and maintenance. As India has its own procurement laws and policies, international bidders who wish to participate in procurement cannot take part in the procurement. Also there is a need to verify how the pragmatic requirements can be used in India to maintain non-discrimination. Due to this it has become a challenge to maintain fairness and transparency in its rules and policies. Objectives. This study mainly investigates the differences between procurement process in India and Sweden. The study also identifies the changes that India should adopt in order to be a member of WTO. Methods. In order to conduct this study, a literature review is used to find the public procurement processes in India and Sweden. This is followed by a case study by conducting interviews with industrial practitioners and to validate the above said process with artifact analysis. Results. The contributions are the differences in procurement process of India when compared to Sweden, which is a member of WTO GPA. Recommendations are made to make India to comply with WTO GPA. Conclusions. The study helped in understanding the procurement process in India and Sweden. From the study it is clear that some rules and regulations in India that are used for procurement process lack transparency and non-discrimination. To avoid this India should make a fair procurement policy which is in compliance with WTO GPA. This makes the global suppliers to participate in the software procurements of India. As a result companies can procure new technologies for their software needs.

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Lin, Lujing, Marcel Khalili, and Amer Munawwar. "Supplier Evaluation and Selection Process for Public Procurement in the Swedish Electricity Industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64821.

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Rapidly changing business environment, increasing and fluctuating customer demand, the recent development and employment of technology are crucial reasons for companies to strive for better quality, shorter lead time and lower costs. The supplier evaluation and selection process is an increasingly important activity in the supply chain in order to enhance the company’s competitiveness by reducing the costs and simultaneously maintaining the same quality of products. The focus of this thesis is on the supplier evaluation and selection process for public procurement in Swedish electricity industry. Specifically, the work combines the literature and the empirical findings gathered from the case company Växjö Energy (VEAB) to develop a supplier evaluation and selection process for the public procurement in Swedish electricity industry. It was concluded that the supplier evaluation and selection process for public procurement has basically four steps. The steps are 1. Identifying the needs and the sourcing method; 2. Setting the pre-requirements; 3. Supplier evaluation and 4. Supplier selection. In addition, the developed supplier evaluation tool innovatively combines the advantages of the value-added model with the advantages of AHP model. Moreover, this developed supplier evaluation and selection process would help the public procurement departments in Swedish electricity industry to improve their current practices in selecting the suppliers by highlighting the important steps and developing the evaluation model in a way that enhance its credibility to provide a more precise and reliable results.

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Lopes, Crane L. "Historical Institutionalism and Defense Public Procurement: The Case of Other Transactions Agreements." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85507.

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Since the 1980s, private sector spending on Research and Development (RandD) has outpaced federal RandD spending. For example, while the Department of Defense (DoD) spent $64 billion on RandD in fiscal year 2015, the private sector spent $260 billion. DoD relies on the private sector to develop advanced technologies for defense requirements. However, some innovative businesses are hesitant to work with DoD because of the perceived bureaucracy of the DoD procurement system. Recognizing this problem, in 1989, Congress created a new type of non-procurement agreement for DoD called Other Transactions Agreements (OTs). OTs are excluded from most laws and regulations that govern traditional procurement agreements. OTs can be written to meet the needs of the parties and the project, enabling agreements that resemble commercial contracting. Congress has expanded OT authority, and DoD has issued OT guidance to its employees. But DoD has not used OTs as widely as expected. This is puzzling because commentators find OTs are helpful to DoD and the private sector in reducing the legal and regulatory compliance costs associated with the DoD procurement system. Using qualitative methods, and drawing on the OT and historical institutionalism literature, this study explores institutional factors that may explain why DoD has not more widely used OTs. The study relied on interviews with DoD employees and contractors. OT case studies were used to triangulate the interview findings. Potential causal mechanisms are identified to support future research of the DoD OT program using causal process tracing. The study findings are used to offer policy recommendations to support the wider use of OTs by DoD.
Ph. D.
Some innovative businesses are reluctant to work with the Department of Defense (DoD) due to the perceived bureaucracy of the DoD procurement system. Recognizing this problem, in 1989, Congress created a new type of non-procurement agreement for DoD called Other Transactions Agreements (OTs). Unlike traditional procurement agreements, OTs are excluded from many of the laws and regulations that reportedly deter the private sector from doing business with DoD. OTs enable agreements that more closely resemble commercial contracting. The terms and conditions of the OT can be written to meet the needs of the parties and the OT project. Thus, OTs are a flexible tool to help attract innovative businesses that would not otherwise work for DoD under traditional procurement agreements. Congress has expanded OT authority to encourage DoD to use OTs more widely. DoD has issued guidance to help its employees negotiate and administer OTs. But DoD has not used OTs as much as expected. This is puzzling because procurement and policy experts find that OTs are helpful to DoD and the private sector in reducing the legal and regulatory compliance costs often associated with the DoD procurement system. This study explores institutional and other factors that may help explain why DoD has not more widely used OTs. The study relied on interviews with DoD employees and contractors. OT case studies were used to corroborate the interview findings. The study findings are used to offer policy recommendations to support the wider use of OTs by DoD.

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Zin, Zawawi M. I. "Improving competition within Public Private Partnership (PPP) procurement process for infrastructure delivery in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41653/.

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Public Private Partnerships (PPP) have come to be preferred by governments for infrastructure development over traditional procurement. PPP is seen as the answer to many shortcomings of traditional procurement. Despite the complex nature of a PPP procurement process, governments around the world are emphasising and promoting competition within the procurement process. Competition is recognised as a significant element in the abundance of academic literature. Competition in the procurement process leads to desirable results for the procuring authority, by achieving value for money, encouraging innovation and promoting efficiency. Nevertheless, there is evidence that competition is still lacking within the PPP procurement process, so the idea of obtaining efficiency from the private sector may not be fully realised. This thesis first examines the procurement process from the global practice, and the integration of competition within the complexity of PPP. It then focuses on analysing the less known Malaysian PPP procurement process and the competition organised within its procurement process. A case study was conducted on the Malaysian Public Private Partnership Unit, Unit Kerjasama Awam Swasta (UKAS), to investigate the manner of competition incorporated within PPP in Malaysia. UKAS is the central agency responsible for facilitating and coordinating PPP implementation in Malaysia. The case study was generated from a combination of thirteen semi-structured interviews and multiple document reviews to address the research objectives. Content analysis was adopted to examine the interview transcripts and documents. Nvivo was later used to manage the coding process. Based on the empirical findings, in its effort to make the country’s PPP programme a success, UKAS has been flexible in its implementation, with less emphasis on incorporating competition within the procurement process. UKAS, however, still manages to procure infrastructure using PPP for the reasons for adopting PPP. This result in inconsistencies in UKAS governance on procurement process. Where the findings illustrate that value for money can be achieved by other means, the researcher concludes that competition involves more than achieving value for money; it can also be used as a procedural barrier, hence achieving good governance.

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Forssberg, Lisa, and Agnes Erdmark. "Intuition - the inevitable side to decision making : A study of the public procurement process." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69206.

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Public procurement is one of the most important functions of the government, and the decision-making process for the public buyers is filled with complex evaluation criteria and restrictions by the law. The purpose of this study has been to study the decision making done by public procurers and investigate whether they act completely rational in their decisions, or if there is any intuitive dimension affecting them. The purpose has also been to research which intuitive factors that exist in the public procurement context, and to what extent these affect the outcome of the decisions. An extensive literature review has been conducted, which was then used as a foundation for the data collection. Interviews have been held with employees at the public organization Trafikverket, or the Swedish Transport Administration. All interviews have been transcribed and analyzed with the help of a thematic analysis, which led to the resulting findings. Intuitive factors found in the literature were how the public buyers perceived the contractors brand, what their perception of tender value were, their personal experiences and their emotions. The data collection yielded some similar findings and some new. Emotions and experience were found to be of great importance when deciding, and the new findings include that the contractor perception as well as the public buyers’ communication had a significant impact. Due to the limited number of respondents and the single case study company, more research needs to be done in order to establish that these are in fact common intuitive factors in public procurement and thus to be able to generalize the findings.

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Tsheboeng, David. "An analysis and evaluation of the public sector procurement of building contractors in Botswana." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27575.

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The objective of this study is to analyse and evaluate the current system of procuring Building Contractors for public sector building projects in Botswana. The study further seeks to find strategies to recommend for improving the current system of procurement. The analysis and evaluation is carried out by first dividing the main problem into sub-problems. The sub-problems help to form the questions for the interviews and the questionnaire. Chapter one introduces the reader to the main problem and defines the scope of the problem and the delimitations. The second Chapter is a review of the related literature and a brief outline of the procurement process and the relevant legislation. The analysis and evaluation of the information and data collected is carried out in Chapter three. This is a very important Chapter since it addresses the questions raised by the main problem and the sub-problems and states the extent to which the hypotheses are affirmed or not affirmed. Chapter four is dedicated to the recommendations and strategies for improving the procurement system. The last Chapter summarises the main findings and outlines and recommends areas for further study. This treatise comprises some important findings and can form a useful initiative towards developing strategies for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector system of procuring building Contractors in Botswana.
Thesis (MSc (Project Management))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Construction Economics
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Smit, Alida Hermina. "The Public Procurement Process in South Africa and the Law of Contract (TITEL MOET NOG DIEN)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53189.

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In South Africa the government relies greatly on the tender process as regulated by various legislation and legal principles in order to obtain contracts for the procurement of goods and services needed to maintain, upgrade and advance the public assets. Since the Constitution1 came effect in 1997, various rules and principles regarding the public procurement process in South Africa was changed and expanded to recover and improve the new democratic South Africa. Chapter 1 consists of the introduction, objectives and the scope of this study. In chapter 2, I will discuss the public sector tender process, what it consists of and the applicable legislation and legal opinions in regards to the public procurement process. Chapter 3 will be a discussion about the drafting of the various tender documentation with a detailed focus on the drafting of an invitation to tender, the submitted tender, the awarding letter of a tender and the final contract. In chapter 4, I will discuss how the interpretation of contracts influences the public procurement process. I will discuss the applicable presumptions in detail and at the hand of recent case law. Chapter 5 of this study will consist of a conclusion and I will attempt to answer the research statement and questions above.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Mercantile Law
LLM
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Westerlund, Anna-Therése. "Processfokusering i offentlig upphandling." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kvalitetsteknik, maskinteknik och matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-29057.

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Det är trendigt just nu att utifrån olika aspekter se över vad offentliga upphandlingar bidrar till och vilken roll de ska ha i framtiden. Vissa av dessa aspekter som tas upp i debatten, exempelvis miljökrav och sociala krav, har traditionellt sett inte har hört hemma inom inköp och offentlig upphandling. Men den här typen av krav är sannolikt här för att stanna och det krävs därför effektiva processer som omhändertar den här typen av krav som ställs i allt större utsträckning. Men bortsett från lagstiftning, politiska krav, måluppfyllnad etc. finns det ett egenvärde i att ha effektiva processer. Processperspektivet har fallit lite mellan stolarna nu när det är så mycket annat som är aktuellt och relevant inom upphandlingsvärlden. Syftet med studien är att utveckla kunskap kring styrkor och förbättringsområden i processen ”att ta fram upphandlingsunderlag” för att se hur processen kan utvecklas vidare. Detta sker med utgångspunkt i medarbetarnas egna erfarenheter av att arbeta fram detta underlag. För att besvara syftet, har data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och granskning av en logg. Studien är en fallstudie och den genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie för att få en djupare förståelse för situationen. Resultatet visar att styrkorna bl.a. är att det finns erfarenhet av upphandlingsprocessen och kunskap om vilka krav lagstiftningen ställer. De förbättringsområden som identifierades är att det i viss utsträckning är oklara förväntningar på vem som ska göra vad. Det finns också bristande förståelse för vilken tid och resurser som krävs för att ta fram ett upphandlingsunderlag.
It's trendy right now to see various aspects of what the public procurement contributes to and what role they will have in the future. Some of these aspects addressed in the debate, such as environmental and social requirements, have not traditionally have belonged in purchasing and public procurement. But this type of requirement is likely here to stay and it therefore requires effective processes that take care of these types of requirements increasingly. But apart from law, political demands, achievement of goals, etc., there is an intrinsic value in having efficient processes. Process perspective has fallen between the cracks a bit now that there is so much else that is current and relevant in the procurement world. The purpose of the study is to develop knowledge about the strengths and areas for improvement in the process "to prepare procurement documentation" to see how the process can be further developed. This is done based on the employees' own experiences of working up this material. To answer the purpose, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the examination of a log. The study is a case study and it was conducted as a qualitative study to gain a deeper understanding of the situation. The result shows that the strengths including is that there is experience in the procurement process and knowledge of the legal standard. The improvement areas identified is that there is to some extent unclear expectations of who should do what. There is also a lack of understanding of the time and resources required to develop a procurement documentation.

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Quintero, Múnera Andrés, and Ibáñez María Alejandra Páez. "The Sanctioning Power of the Administration in the Public Procurement Scope: The Cases of Peru and Colombia." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118194.

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Initially the exercise of sanctioning powers is contextualized in the field of government procurement in Colombia, regulatory and jurisprudential development of this power and the procedure envisaged by the legislature for the imposition of sanctions is exposed when a violation or breach of it becomes apparent the contractor’s obligations, specifying the scope and gaps that the process involves. Then the consecration of the sanctioning power of the administration is presented in the Peruvian law, marking the differences with the model adopted by the Colombian law, to conclude with some perspectives on the subject.
Inicialmente se contextualiza el ejercicio de la potestad sancionadora en el ámbito de la contratación estatal en Colombia. Se expone el desarrollo normativo y jurisprudencial de esta facultad y el procedimiento que ha previsto el legislador para la imposición de sanciones cuando se evidencie una infracción o incumplimiento de las obligaciones del contratista, precisándose el alcance y los vacíos que el procedimiento comporta. En seguida, se presenta la consagración de la potestad sancionadora de la administración en el derecho peruano, marcando las diferencias con el modelo adoptado por la legislación colombiana, para concluir con algunas perspectivas sobre el tema.

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Kullman, Zandra, Adam Allgurin, and Filip Karlsson. "Hållbarhetsaspekten vid upphandlingsprocess och kvalitetssäkring av livsmedel : En fallstudie på upphandlingsförvaltningen i Värnamo kommun." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64827.

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Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Den offentliga upphandlingen kan med väl genomtänkta krav på varor och tjänster bli en stark drivkraft och en föregångare för hållbar utveckling. Trots en svag och oklar lagstiftning inom området finns det idag stora möjligheter att ställa krav både på socialt ansvarstagande och miljöhänsyn i samband med offentliga upphandlingar. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur Värnamo kommun gör för att inkludera hållbarhet med inriktning på miljö i sina avtal med utvalda livsmedelsleverantörer. Vidare undersöks hur Värnamo kommun säkerställer att upphandlade varor och tjänster lever upp till avtalad kvalitet samt hur det faktiska tillvägagångssättet stämmer överens med den teori som finns. Metod: Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ art och har utförts genom en fallstudie. Utgångspunkten är ett positivistiskt synsätt och uppsatsen använder sig av ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Slutsats: I Värnamo kommun finns det en tillsatt kompetensgrupp som arbetar enbart med upphandling av livsmedel, denna grupp har kunskap och kännedom om hur marknaden och upphandlingsprocessen ser ut. Vid upphandling läggs i princip allt fokus kring avtalet, både när det gäller vilka krav som ställs och vad som ska följas upp. Trots att det inte är enkelt för offentliga verksamheter att göra inköp och kvalitetssäkringar enligt teorin finns det delar av teorin som redan idag uppfylls och det finns också en bas för vidare utveckling. Kvalitetssäkring sker i störst utsträckning innan avtalet signeras, vilket ur en tidsaspekt är en liten del av processen. Enligt teorin skall kvalitetssäkring ske kontinuerligt flera gånger per år. Det blir tydligt att teorin lämpar sig bättre för privat sektor eftersom det inom den offentliga sektorn finns mindre incitament för att hjälpas åt att utvecklas då nästa upphandling kan innebära att samarbetet ha nått vägs ände.
Background: Public procurement can with well thought through demands on goods and services become a strong driving force for sustainable development. Even with a weak and uncertain legislation within the field there are grand opportunities to demand both social responsibility and environmental accountability in public procurement. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how Värnamo municipality do to include sustainability with focus on the environment in their agreements with chosen grocery suppliers. Further it is investigated how Värnamo municipality make sure their procured goods and services are to terms with agreed standard, and if the actual approach is in line with theory on the subject. Method: The essay is of qualitative nature and has been performed in the way of a case study. The standpoint of the essay is a positivistic point of view and is performed with a deductive approach. Conclusion: In Värnamo municipality there is an appointed group with special competence that is working solely with the procurement of groceries, this group have knowledge about how the market and the procurement process works. In the time of procurement nearly all the focus is in the documented agreements, both regarding demands put and what is to be followed up. Even though it is not simple for a government controlled business to make procurements and quality assurances according to theory there are parts of theory that today are fulfilled and there is a foundation for further development. Quality assurance is by the most part done before the agreement is signed, which compared to the entire process is a small portion. According to theory quality assurance should happen multiple times yearly. It is apparent that theory is better suited for the private sector since in the public sector there are fewer incentives to help the other party improve where the next procurement can mean the cooperation has come to an end.

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Norell, Louise. "Brister vid offentlig upphandling av event utifrån ett hållbarhetsperspektiv : En fallstudie av Östersunds kommuns upphandling av “Stadsfesten 2019”." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekoteknik- och hållbart byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41846.

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Offentlig upphandling kan anpassas mot att vara mer hållbar genom att ta hänsyn till miljömässiga och sociala faktorer. Event kan skapas genom offentlig upphandling. “Stadsfesten 2019” är ett sådant event, beställt av Östersunds kommun. Eventet tillägnades allmänheten och ägde rum i samband med VM i skidskytte 2019 i Östersund stad. En del av detta event var en temporärt uppställd festivalbyggnad, i form av ett så kallat spegeltält. Syftet med denna studie är att klargöra hur tillämpning av hållbar upphandling ser ut idag, detta med Östersunds kommuns event-upphandling “Stadsfesten 2019” som studieobjekt. Studien lyfter brister i upphandlingsprocessen. Förhoppningen är att denna studie ska inspirera aktörer inblandade i upphandlingsprocessen, i synnerhet vad gäller event-upphandlingar, att tillämpa samtliga delar av upphandlingsprocessen och ta vara på tillgängligt stöd för att tillämpa mer hållbar upphandling. Studien inleddes med att undersöka vilka steg som ingår i upphandlingsprocessen samt vad tillämpning av hållbar upphandling och skapande av hållbara event kan innebära. Studien utgår från följande sju delar av offentlig upphandling: behovsanalys, marknadsanalys, formulering av förfrågningsunderlag, annonsering/anbud/avtal, genomförande/avtalstid, uppföljning samt utvärdering. Fokusområden i studien kopplade till hållbarhet är sysselsättning, mat, serveringsmaterial, tillgänglighet för personer med rullstol, källsortering samt återbruk. Dessa områden har valts ut utifrån Region Gävleborgs “Checklista för hållbara konferenser och event” samt Håll Sverige rents dokument “Miljömärkt event - Miljökrav på externa aktörer vid event”. En granskning av förfrågningsunderlaget för “Stadsfesten 2019”-upphandlingen har genomförts vad gäller kravställande kopplat till ovan nämnda fokusområden. Granskningar har även genomförts av förfrågningsunderlaget för event-upphandlingen, den preliminära miljöplanen (formulerad av leverantörsorganisationen), Östersunds kommuns “Checklista miljöplan för arrangemangsbidrag”, menyerna under eventet, upphandlingsorganisationens upphandlingspolicy, kommunens miljöpolicy samt upphandlingens beslutsprotokoll. Viss direkt observation vad gäller källsortering och tillgänglighet i spegeltältet under eventet har genomförts. Information kring Stadsfesten-upphandlingen och eventet har samlats in genom i huvudsak personlig kommunikation med utvalda personer inblandade i processen via intervjuer, telefonsamtal och/eller mailkonversationer. Resultatet har analyserats mot politiska mål för Östersunds kommun, Lag om offentlig upphandling (SFS 2016:1145), Naturvårdsverkets rapport “Miljöanpassade inköp - Verktyg för att nå de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen”, Region Gävleborgs “Checklista för hållbara konferenser och event” samt Håll Sverige rents dokument “Miljömärkt event - Miljökrav på externa aktörer vid event”. Denna studie visar på att samtliga sju delar av upphandlingsprocessen när det kommer till stadsfesten-upphandlingen innehåller brister, åtminstone när det kommer till miljömässiga faktorer. Östersunds kommun och Upphandlingskontoret som upphandlingsorganisation och leverantören av “Stadsfesten 2019” har visat på en ambition mot skapande av hållbara event men det finns utvecklingspotential. Varken en ingående behovsanalys eller en marknadsanalys har genomförts. Förfrågningsunderlaget kunde ha omfattat fler krav gällande tekniska specifikationer och krav kring uppföljning. Stöd i form av miljökompetens inom kommunens organisation har inte nyttjats till fullo när det kommer till utveckling av den preliminära miljöplanen. En skriftlig utveckling av den slutgiltiga miljöplanen har uteblivit. Kommunens arbetsdokument “Checklista miljöplan för arrangemangsbidrag” har inte följts fullt ut. Utformning av källsorteringshänvisningar under eventet är bristfällig, då det saknas illustrationer och text på fler språk än svenska. Mat som serverats tycks ej vara ekologisk. Vitt och vilt kött har ej prioriterats vid framställning av menyerna. Vid framtagande av menyerna tycks ej heller en minimering av serveringsmaterial ha stått i fokus. Uppföljning kring miljömässiga faktorer har ej genomförts av beställaren eller rapporterats till beställaren av leverantörsorganisationen. Utvärderingen av eventet omfattar ej miljömässiga faktorer eller de sociala faktorer som lyfts i denna studie. Samtidigt som det i studien framkommer brister i upphandlingsprocessen framkommer det att samtliga inblandade aktörer ställer sig positiva till att utveckla sitt arbete mot en mer hållbar riktning vad gäller upphandling och skapande av event. Förslag till förbättringar mot en mer hållbar upphandlingsprocess som framkommer i studien är att låta testpersoner undersöka tillgängligheten för rullstolsburna innan event börjar, att inleda samarbete mellan Mittuniversitetet och Östersunds kommun, att ställa uppföljningskrav i förfrågningsunderlaget, att formulera slutgiltiga miljöplaner skriftligen samt att ta hjälp av miljökompetens för detta ändamål. Redan påbörjade organisatoriska hållbarhetsutvecklingar framkommer i form av utveckling av riktlinjer inom eventbranschen och en påbörjad uppföljning av upphandlingar inom upphandlingsorganisationen.
Public procurement can be adjusted to be more sustainable, this through taking in consideration environmental and social factors. Events can be created through public procurement, “Stadsfesten 2019” is one of these events. The event was ordered by the municipality of Östersund, Sweden. This event was dedicated to the general public, and took place during the biathlon world championship in 2019 in Östersund city. Part of this event was the so called mirror tent, a festival building temporary mounted. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether a sustainable procurement procedure is applied in reality today, this having “Stadsfesten 2019” as a study object. The study raise deficiencies within the procurement procedure. The aim is that this study will inspire actors involved in the procurement procedure, especially when it comes to the creation of events, to practise all of the steps within the procedure, and also to make use of available competence and support. This to apply a more sustainable public procurement. Initially the study investigated which steps that are included within the procurement process, and what sustainable procurement and creation of event can involve. The study involves following seven steps within the public procurement: needs analysis, market analysis, formulation of demands within the specifications for the mission, advertising/bid/agreement, implementation/contract period, follow-up and also evaluation. Focus areas in the study connected to sustainability are employment possibilities for people currently outside the market, food, serving materials, availability for people in wheelchairs, waste sorting and reuse of material. These areas were selected regarding a checklist for creating more sustainable conferences and events by the region of Gävleborg, Sweden, and a document about environmentally certified events by the NGO “Håll Sverige rent”. A review has been carried out regarding the specifications for the mission for “Stadsfesten 2019”, and the demands connected to the already mentioned focus areas. Reviews have also been carried out regarding the preliminary environmental plan for the event (formulated by the contractor), the municipality’s checklist for environmental plans, the menus presented during the event, the procurement policy of the procurement organsiation, the environment policy of the municipality and of the decision protocol of the Stadsfesten-event. Some direct observation regarding waste sorting and availability connected to the mirror tent took place during the event. Information about the event-procurement and the event has been collected mainly through personal communication, involving people connected to the procurement procedure of the event. This communication was made through interviews, phone calls and/or mail conversations. The result has been analysed against political goals for the municipality of Östersund, the swedish law about public procurement (SFS 2016:1145), a report by the swedish Environmental Protection Agency about environmentally friendly purchases, the checklist by the region of Gävleborg mentioned earlier and also the document by “Håll Sverige rent” already mentioned. This study shows that all of the seven steps within the procurement procedure includes deficiencies when it comes to the procedure of the “Stadsfesten 2019”-procurement, at least when it comes to environmental factors. The municipality of Östersund and Upphandlingskontoret (its procurement partner) as a procurement organisation, and the contractor of the event have shown an ambition towards creating a more sustainable event. Still there is a need of further development. Either a thorough need analysis or a market analysis have been carried through. The specifications for the mission could have been including more demands regarding technical specifications and follow-up. Support including competence within the environmental area within the organisation of the municipality has not been used of fully when it comes to the development of the preliminary environmental plan for the specific event. A written version of the final environmental plan has not been formulated. The municipality’s own checklist for creating environmental plans has not been used fully. The layout of the waste sorting instructions connected to the waste bins directed to event visitors is insufficient. It lacks of illustrations and texts in other languages than swedish. The food served within the tent is not ecological. White and wild caught meat have not been prioritised when creating the menus. Also, when creating the menus a minimizing of the serving material needed has not been in focus. A follow-up regarding environmental factors has not been carried through by the municipality or been reported to the municipality by the contractor. The evaluation of the event does not include any environmental or social factors lifted within this study. At the same time, this study shows that the people involved in this study are positive about developing their work towards a more sustainable direction when it comes to procurement and the creation of events. Suggestions for improvements towards a more sustainable procurement procedure reveals in the study from people involved. These includes having people testing the availability for people in wheelchairs before an event opens, starting a collaboration between the municipality and the local university (Mid Sweden university), including demands about follow-up within the specification for the mission, formulate final environmental plans in written form and make use of environmental competence for this purpose. Already started organisational developments towards sustainability are revealed in this study. The event branch is developing guidelines about creating more sustainable events, and within the procurement organisation of the municipality of Östersund and Upphandlingskontoret there is an ongoing follow-up regarding their earlier procurement missions.

2019-06-07

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17

Liška, Ondřej. "Procesní pohled na zákon o zadávání veřejných zakázek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203983.

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This study contains groups of tasks for public procurement contracts in reference model Management Business Informatics (MBI). The tasks are sorted in chronological order in regard of procedure of public procurement contracts. The tasks contain new law on public procurement contracts, elaborated in the procedural point of view, and are complemented with a best practice. Process view in the reference model is intended for public procurers. It enables for the public procurer that he can have better control during public procurement. A separate chapter is devoted to specificities of public procurement contracts to the fulfilment of ICT. The study contains recommendations for the preparation of tender documentation of ICT procurement.

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McConnell, Daniel J. "An analysis into the factors affecting the uptake of applications of e-procurement, within the UK public sector." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5921.

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Electronic procurement (e-procurement) has been widely adopted across the private sector, and as such various aspects of its adoption has been researched. The adoption of e-procurement in the public sector is not as widespread, especially in relation the UK Central and Local Government sectors, and accordingly there has been limited research into the factors affecting the adoption of e-procurement technologies, within this context. Consequently, this study, which has been undertaken with five case study organisations spread across the UK Central and Local Government sectors, aims to add to current published literature, and in particular provide an understanding of the relationship between the factors identified which have affected adoption, and the extent of adoption of e-procurement solutions. This research provides a number of significant contributions to current published literature including a comprehensive definition and conceptualisation of e-procurement and a holistic research framework which facilitates understanding the relationships between the level of adoption by the case study organisations and the factors affecting their decisions. Additionally, this study demonstrates that there is a high degree of commonality between the case study organisations in terms of their levels of adoption, and the factors that have affected such adoption. Of these factors, there are four that are particularly important, as they haven't previously attracted much attention in the literature. More specifically, this research highlights the importance of understanding an organisation's procurement landscape, the impact (both negative and positive) of public policy on adoption, the impact of enhanced organisational standing and the need for vision and leadership from senior stakeholders.

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Forsgren, Emma, and Sofia Pethman. "Att ställa miljökrav inom upphandling, en utmaning? : En fallstudie av fem svenska kommuner." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32845.

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I Sverige upphandlar den offentliga sektorn produkter och tjänster för ungefär 680 miljarder kronor varje år. År 2016 genererade detta utsläpp av 12,3 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter vilket kan jämföras med Sveriges totala mängd utsläpp år 2018 som var 51,8 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter. Offentliga upphandlingar bör bidra till hållbar utveckling genom att analysera inköpsprocessen på flera nivåer. Ansvarig myndighet för upphandlingar inom det offentliga är Upphandlingsmyndigheten som både har verktyg och metoder för att minska inköps- och upphandlingsprocessen miljöpåverkan. Då kunskap inom detta område är mycket begränsad var syftet med denna studie att belysa frågan gällande de utmaningar som finns med att ställa miljökrav inom kommunala upphandlingar. Studien genomfördes som en flerfallstudie med fem falldeltagare. Den datainsamling som krävts för att besvara studiens frågeställning har skett genom intervjuer med de deltagande kommunerna. Intervjuerna som genomfördes var av semistrukturerad karaktär och i varierande utförande. De deltagande kommunerna i studien menade samtliga att utmaningarna i olika utsträckning handlar om bristen på kunskap, engagemang och resurser och att utmaningarna kan variera mellan olika kommuner. Samtliga deltagande kommuner menade att miljökrav skall ställas i ett tidigt skede och att uppföljning är en mycket viktig del i arbetet med miljökrav. Deltagarna menade att storleken på kommunen kan ha en betydelse för dess möjlighet att ställa miljökrav, bland annat på grund av tillgången till resurser. Gällande lagstiftning menade de flesta kommunerna att denna inte påverkade deras möjligheter att ställa miljökrav. De övergripande förändringar som kommunerna menade skulle kunna underlätta arbetet med miljökrav inom upphandlingarna var att få tillgång till en stödfunktion vilken i sak också kunde variera beroende på kommun. Sammanfattningsvis visade denna studie att alla deltagande kommuner fann utmaningar inom arbetet med att ställa miljökrav inom upphandlingar och att det krävs förändring för att prestera bättre ur ett miljömässigt perspektiv. Detta bland annat genom det övergripande behovet av en miljövetande stödfunktion för att i längden kunna utföra dessa uppgifter utan att urholka den egna verksamhetens grundläggande arbete.
In Sweden, the public sector procures products and services for approximately SEK 680 billion each year. In 2016, this generated emissions of 12.3 million tons of CO2 eq. In year 2018 Sweden's total amount of emissions was 51.8 million tons of CO2 eq. Public procurement should contribute to sustainable development by analyzing the purchasing process on several levels. The responsible authority for public procurement is Upphandlingsmyndigheten, which has both tools and methods for influencing the procurement process to have less environmental impact. Since knowledge in this area is very limited, the purpose of this study was to shed light on the challenges of setting environmental requirements in municipal procurement. The study was conducted as a case study with several case participants. The data collection required to answer the research question was conducted through interviews with the participating municipalities. The interviews conducted were of a semi-structured nature and varied in approach. Participating municipalities in this study all claimed that the challenges to different extent were about the lack of knowledge, commitment, and resources and that all of these could vary depending on the municipalities. All participating municipalities claimed that environmental requirements should be set at an early stage and that follow-up is a very important part of the process of environmental requirements. The participants claimed that the size of the municipality may have a bearing on its ability to set environmental requirements, partly because of the availability of resources. In current legislation, most municipalities claimed that this did not affect their ability to set environmental requirements. The overall changes that the municipalities claimed would make the process of environmental requirements easier to use in the procurement process would be to add a supporting function which would vary depending on the municipalities needs. In summary, this study showed that all participating municipalities deal with different challenges in the process of using environmental requirements in procurement and that change is required to perform better from an environmental perspective. This is partly due to the overall need for an environmentally aware support function that can carry out the environmental requirement process in the long term without eroding the core purpose of the organization.

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Paradine, Martin, and Vasiliki Siopi. "Determinants of environmental awareness in small sized public organizations : A survey of environmental requirements in engineering projects' tender documents at a local authority." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3005.

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Environmental awareness among public authorities and governmental institutions has been a priority initiative for countries in the EU over the last years. The public sector is a major consumer of products and services, while their environmental policies are also at a top. Many EU Member Countries have already implemented EU legislation for greener purchasing in the public sector, while others are now preparing their National Action Plan. However, conscious acceptance of National Policy objectives and adoption of green environmental behavior in all scales of the public sector is a challenge. Researchers are concerned that public authorities and especially those of a small size are still focused on the lowest price as a leading factor in public tenders. Many studies have shown that lack of knowledge is a key determinant for the scarce environmental requirements in public procurements. Under this framework, this thesis explores the determinants that affect the implementation of environmental requirements in public procurements and consequently the environmental awareness of small sized public organizations. This thesis is based on a review of policy documents and a single case study investigation. The single case study was conducted on the Technical Department of a municipality in North Greece and the data sources were engineering projects’ public procurements and interviews from the local authority’s officers.

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Guzmán, Napurí Christian. "Selection Process by Request." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117699.

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The present article talks us about the procedures for selection by request, explaining how it works as an alternative for the common selection procedure on public procurement.Thus, the author explains the process of selection by request with a public entity, privateentity and an international body.
El presente artículo trata sobre los procesos de selección por encargo, explicando así comoopera esta alternativa al proceso de selección clásico en la contratación pública. Así, el autor nos señala el procedimiento en el encargo a una entidad pública, entidad privada y a un organismo internacional.

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22

Landeman, Marc. "La Scala-domen och dess konsekvenser för svenska exploateringsförhållanden." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194120.

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The municipalities in Sweden can use the PBL-legislation to request a land developer to fund new public infrastructure in the dwelling area where the developer are active. The municipality have had two options to choose between. To purchase a contract with an entrepreneur that build the infrastructure paid by the developer, or let the developer both build and pay the infrastructure. The La Scala-judgment came 2001 from the EG-tribunal. This judgment have by many people been interpreted as that as public infrastructure in Sweden should be purchased by the municipalities through LOU. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to discuss how the land development process has changed and which problems that have arisen since 2010, when it became customary that the municipality should procure public streets and sewage facilities under the Swedish Public Procurement Act (“LOU”). The purpose is also to discuss if this way to proceed satisfies the purpose of LOU and also discuss if their can be any alternative interpretations of the La Scalajudgment than have been done so far for Swedish conditions. The questions that became a consequence of the purpose where answered as follow in the report: Changes Today, the general rule is that the municipality is to purchase all public streets itself in the land development process. This rule has replaced the freedom of choosing whether to do so, that previously existed. Necessary land transfers take place today at an early stage of the process, often when the zoning plan becomes valid, as compared to before when it took place late in the land development process. Problems Some problems have arisen in cases when the municipality procures. This leads to the conclusion that the land development process today has become more risky, significantly more expensive, and that it takes longer time before the houses are ready for occupants to move in to, than previously was the case. To what extent does this new procedure implement LOU’s purpose? LOU's purpose, to get an effectively use of tax money, is not fulfilled by this procedure because the municipalities do not have any expenditures, which means that there are no funds which can be considered “effectively used”. As the municipality has no cost, it is questionable whether it really is to the municipality that an entrepreneur sells his services, rather than to the land developer paying for the services. Overall, this means that the purpose is probably not fulfilled by this new procedure. In what situations can the LOU procedure be questioned? The consequences of LOU can be questioned where it leads to major problems that would not occur if the legislation was more flexible. An example of this is when there is a lone land developer, who builds on his own property. If the municipality procures this, as happens today, problems arise in terms of money, time and coordination problems. This because it is more efficient if the developer that are already active in the area build all necessary infrastructure. Can any other interpretations of the La Scala-judgment and it´s relationship to the Swedish development process be found? One alternative interpret is that the municipal should use LOU on this kind of contracts when there is a risk that the municipal lose financial resources if they don´t do it. In the Italian development process there is always a risk that the municipal lose financial resources if they don´t purchase the contracts. The Swedish land development legislation are structured so the municipality never take a risk to lose financial recourses if they let the developer build everything in the area and therefore the municipality never can lose financial recourses in these cases. The Swedish municipalities don’t get any advantages if they use LOU here because the developer pays the real cost for all parts of the contract. Therefore, LOU is irrelevant in this part of the development process

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23

Hassan, Rawand. "Case Study on Requirements Communication in WTO-Regulated Tenders." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5254.

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Context. Public procurement is an important economic factor. To protect against corruption government organizations are required to apply principles of non-discrimination and transparency for the procurement of goods such as software and of services such as software development. As a consequence, communicating requirements in software procurement has become challenging from the perspective of fairness and transparency, and also from the perspectives of system value and acceptance. Objectives. This study investigates requirements communication techniques which are being practiced in WTO-regulated tenders. The study also identifies challenges and determines the efficiency, effectiveness, and legal compliances of these techniques Methods. A systematic literature review is used to determine requirements communication approaches used in public procurement projects and the difficulties identified. This is followed by a case study to research the known requirements communication techniques used in the selected case through conducting interviews and artifact analysis. Results. The contributions are guidelines for stakeholders to select suitable techniques to communicate requirements during the procurement process. Challenges and recommendations are presented to be taken into consideration while planning software procurements. Conclusions. This study concluded that from a total of 17 requirements communication techniques, 14 have been used in the project analyzed in the case study. It is also stated by the interviewees that all of the techniques are legal to use in public procurement with the exception of one, and this is Interview. From both the literature review and the case study conducted in this research, balanced communication techniques are concluded to be most recommended since they will lead to more interaction between customers and suppliers to communicate requirements.

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Ferreira, Thayanne Alves. "Analysis of the process of sustainable procurement implementationof CearÃ Federal University reasoned in a shopping model public suggested by the federal government brazilian." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13453.

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nÃo hÃ
O volume de compras realizadas pelas empresas pÃblicas Ã expressivo. Ã preciso que o processo de compras vise o equilÃbrio entre aquilo que compra e a conservaÃÃo dos recursos do planeta. O objetivo geral deste estudo Ã analisar o processo de implantaÃÃo das compras pÃblicas sustentÃveis da Universidade Federal do CearÃ fundamentado em uma metodologia de compras pÃblicas sugerida pelo governo federal. A pesquisa Ã classificada como aplicada quanto a sua finalidade e exploratÃria e descritiva quanto aos seus objetivos. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A etapa qualitativa exploratÃria foi realizada atravÃs de entrevistas estruturadas com servidores que participam do processo de compra da universidade. Nas informaÃÃes obtidas, foram utilizadas tÃcnicas de anÃlise de conteÃdo. Na etapa quantitativa, foi utilizado questionÃrio estruturado para servidores responsÃveis por setores estratÃgicos da PrÃ-Reitoria de AdministraÃÃo da Universidade. Para fazer uma comparaÃÃo do processo que a universidade vem desenvolvendo com modelos existentes foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida pelo o Governos Locais pela Sustentabilidade (ICLEI-LACS), associaÃÃo internacional formada por governos locais e outras organizaÃÃes governamentais. A metodologia Ã constituÃda de cinco etapas: planejamento; definiÃÃo de metas e objetivos; construÃÃo do plano de aÃÃo; aplicaÃÃo do plano e monitoramento dos resultados. As principais observaÃÃes mostram que ainda nÃo existe uma polÃtica de utilizaÃÃo de critÃrios de sustentabilidade no processo de compra da organizaÃÃo. Por motivo de cobranÃas dos ÃrgÃos fiscalizadores e medidas provisÃrias foi criado um plano de logÃstica sustentÃvel que traz varias aspectos relacionados Ã sustentabilidade, dentre eles, compras e licitaÃÃes. As compras pÃblicas sustentÃveis representam uma mudanÃa nos padrÃes de aquisiÃÃes de bens e serviÃos das instituiÃÃes federais, requerendo transformaÃÃo nas praticas de compras, para que se tornem um instrumento para alcanÃar os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentÃvel.
The volume of purchases made by public companies is significant. It is necessary that the procurement process is developed aiming a balance between what purchases and conservation of the planet's resources. The aim of this study is to examine the deployment process of public sustainable procurement of the Federal University of CearÃ based on a methodology of public purchases suggested by the federal government. The purpose of the research can be classified as applied, and the goals can be determined asexploratory and descriptive. Qualitat ive and quantitative approach was used in the development of research. The exploratory qualitative phase was conducted through semi - structured interviews with the staff that participate in the buying process of the university. Content analysis techniques w ere used on the information gathered. In the quantitative phase, a structured questionnaire was used with staff that was responsible for strategic sectors of the Dean of University Administration. To compare the process that the university has been develop ing with existing models, a methodology developed by ICLEI - LACS (Local Governments for Sustainability), which is an international association formed by local governments and other government organizations was used. The method of implementation of public su stainable procurement was developed based on the flexibility, being applicable to any public authority. The methodology consists of five steps: planning; definition of goals and objectives; construction of the action plan; implementing the plan and monitor ing of results. The main findings show that there is not yet a policy of using sustainability criteria in the purchasing process of the organization. Due to charges of inspection organs and provisional measures, a sustainable logistics plan that brings var ious aspects related to sustainability, including, purchasing and bidding has been created. A sustainable schedule and a actions were drawn in the plan. The public sustainable presents the change in patterns of purchases of goods and services from federal institutions, requiring transformation in purchasing practices, to become an instrument for achieving the objectives of sustainable development

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25

Hansson, Lisa. "Public Procurement at the Local Government Level : Actor roles, discretion and constraints in the implementation of public transport goals." Doctoral thesis, Mobilitet, aktörer och planering, MAP, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vti:diva-6897.

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The overall purpose of this thesis is to gain further knowledge of how the Swedish local government level is affected by requirements to use public procurement through competitive tendering and, more specifically, understand the actions taken by included actors when public procurement is required in implementation of public transport goals. Through case study method, an in specific process tracing, various implementation processes have been examined. One studied process complied with the procurement regulations, while the others included elements that circumvented them. In each process, the actions taken by involved actors have been the focus. The findings are presented in four papers. An overall conclusion is that, when public procurement is required in implementation at the local government level, several actors need to interact. These actors may use procurement to expand, maintain, or restrain their discretion towards others actors. In addition, various control mechanisms, such as e.g. monitoring, are used to restrain an actor’s discretion when the actor is circumventing procurement legislation.
Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att öka kunskapen om hur den lokala nivån i Sverige är påverkad av kravet på att använda offentlig upphandling, och mer specifikt att förstå de handlingar som olika aktörer vidtar vid implementering av kollektivtrafik mål, då konkurrensutsatt upphandling är ett krav. Genom fallstudie metod har olika implementeringsprocesser undersökts. I en process har upphandlingsreglerna följts, medan i de andra har upphandlingslagen kringgåtts. Resultaten har analyserats utifrån principal-agent teori och presenteras i form av fyra artiklar. I studien konstateras det att flera aktörer är beroende av varandra i implementeringen. Aktörerna kan använda upphandling för att både behålla och expandera sitt handlingsutrymme gentemot andra aktörer, men upphandling kan även vara begränsande. I studien diskuteras även olika kontrollmekanismer som användas då aktörer kringgår upphandlingslagstiftningen.

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Eriksson, Kristoffer, and Riad Yousef. "Process för byggservice : Att möta beställarens förväntningar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148800.

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Dipart Entreprenad AB har ett affärsområde som är specialiserat på byggservice och det är verkligen något som de satsar på. Byggserviceverksamhet är något som många företag ute i den svenska byggbranschen håller på med, men i olika stor uträckning och med skillnad i kvalité på utfört arbete. Affärsområde är under ständig utveckling, detta för att både klara beställarnas men även samhällets förväntningar. I och med detta måste företaget förbättra och kartlägga det nuvarande arbetet med olika ramavtalskunder, för att vara mindre känslig för uppsägningar och ge högre kundnöjdhet. Denna rapport kommer hjälpa Dipart att hitta utvecklingsmöjligheter och se saker från en ny synvinkel, men även för att kunna uppfylla beställarnas förväntningar inom byggservice. Vilket i sin tur skall ge företaget chansen att följa med i utvecklingen men även ge en förutsättning för att ligga i framkant i branschen. Syftet med denna rapport är att upprätta en grund för processer speciellt för SigtunaHem, kolla samarbetet mellan entreprenörer och beställare samt lyfta fram svaga aktiviteter inom byggservice. Arbetsmetoden vi använt för att ta fram denna rapport är granskning av dokumentation. Såsom förfrågningsunderlag och diverse handlingar från olika beställare som använder sig av tjänsten byggservice av Dipart. Det har även skett intervjuer med kunniga personer inom området, både inom Dipart och hos deras beställare men även utomstående aktörer har deltagit med deras kunskap. Resultatet av detta arbete är en grund till en process för SigtunaHem och en lathund med frågor till beställaren som skall underlätta samlararbetet mellan parterna. Analysen av arbetet där vi diskuterar olika faktorer som påverkar Diparts byggservice, är ett resultat i sig själv av det som undersökts. Slutsatsen är att detta examensarbete ska vara en hjälp för företaget Dipart att uppnå högre kundnöjdhet samt så ska företaget vara mindre känslig för uppsägningar.
Dipart Entreprenad AB is a company that specializes in building services and it´s really something they are working hard with. Building Service is something that many companies, out there in the Swedish construction industry is doing, but in different large extent a difference in the quality of work performed. The construction business is under constant development, in order both to meet clients' but also the expectations of society. In doing so, the company needs to improve and identify the existing work with current clients , in order to be less vulnerable to layoffs and provide higher customer satisfaction. This report will help Dipart to find development opportunities and see things from a new point of view, but also to meet the client’s expectations in the building service. Which in turn will give the company the chance to keep up with developments but also give a condition for being at front of the industry. The purpose of this report is to establish a basis for processes specifically for Sigtunahem, check cooperation between contractors and clients as well as highlighting weak activities within building services. The work method we have used to develop this report is the examination of documentation. As specifications and various documents from different clients who use the building services of Dipart. There have also been interviews with knowledgeable individuals in the field, both within Dipart and with their clients but also external actors have participated with their knowledge. The result of this work is due to a process of SigtunaHem and a checklist of questions to the client to facilitate collects the work between the parties. The analysis of the work in which we discuss various factors that affect Diparts building services, is a result in itself of what is investigated. The conclusion is that this thesis will be a help to the company Dipart to achieve higher customer satisfaction and Dipart themselves will be less vulnerable to layoffs.

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Schönbauer, Jan. "Procesní řízení ve veřejné správě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114081.

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Thesis focuses on the theory and practice of process analysis. The main objective of this paper is describing the theory of process analysis and its application at the Prague City Hall, particularly processes related to procurement. Thesis describes these processes and suggests their improvements. Thesis will also design the processes that relate to the procurement of City Hall. The work is divided into two parts. The first part deals with a purely theoretical basis of process analysis and the second (analytical) part is focused on the specific application of this knowledge on process analysis of the Prague City Hall, specifically on the processes related to procurement.

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Larsson, Veronique. "Procurement of the vacuum waste collection systems : The cases of Hammarby Sjöstad and Stockholm Royal Seaport." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91410.

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Linares, Jara Mario Ernesto, and Villegas Elizabeth Pomasoncco. "The Optional Regime of the Exemptions of the Administrative Procedures of Selection of Contractors." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118334.

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This article aims to determine the extent for the regimen of administrative procedure of selection, in the framework of the Peruvian Public Procurement Law. In that way, by analyzing the juridical doctrine and the Supervisory Agency of Public Procurement’s pronouncements on the matter, it will be determined that we are facing and optional regime on exemptions.
El presente artículo busca determinar el alcance del régimen de exoneraciones de los procedimientos administrativos de selección, en el marco de la normativa de Contrataciones con el Estado en el Perú. En ese sentido, a través del análisis de la doctrina y de los pronunciamientos del Organismo Supervisor de las Contrataciones del Estado, se verificarási es que nos encontramos o no ante un régimen facultativo de exoneraciones.

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Lundberg, Elina. "Den svenska upphandlingsprocessen och Trafikverket." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187881.

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The Swedish public procurement system is well regulated and developed and can also be very hard to understand. The public sector annually carries out public procurements to a large amount of money, and thus constitutes a large part of Sweden’s total GDP. The value of the purchases covered by the procurement acts was estimated at approximately SEK 782 billion in 2018. The purpose of public procurement is to guarantee competition on equal terms, contribute to the efficient use of society's resources and taxpayers' money, while promoting innovative solutions, and have environmental considerations in mind. The purpose of this paper is to examine what the procurement process looks like at one of Sweden's largest authorities, the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) and if improvements should be made. Questions about how tenders are received and evaluated, about what the market looks like, about what improvements that are desired and about what is good about the procurement process. These questions linked to a trust-based governing will be answered and discussed. The main conclusion that are made in this paper is that the Swedish procurement process require some improvements, but the hard thing is to decide what should be improved. My conclusion is that tender evaluation and the review process are areas that needs the most improvement from the empirical data that I have collected, but other areas came to discussion as well. A discussion regarding the trust-based governing is also included in the conclusion.

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Landeman, Marc. "The La Scala judgment and its consequencesfor the Swedish land development process." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147636.

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The municipalities in Sweden can use the PBL-legislation to request a land developer to fund new public infrastructure in the dwelling area where the developer are active. The municipality have had two options to choose between. To purchase a contract with an entrepreneur that build the infrastructure paid by the developer, or let the developer both build and pay the infrastructure. The La Scala-judgment came 2001 from the EG-tribunal. This judgment have by many people been interpreted as that as public infrastructure in Sweden should be purchased by the municipalities through LOU. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to discuss how the land development process has changed and which problems that have arisen since 2010, when it became customary that the municipality should procure public streets and sewage facilities under the Swedish Public Procurement Act (“LOU”). The purpose is also to discuss if this way to proceed satisfies the purpose of LOU and also discuss if their can be any alternative interpretations of the La Scalajudgment than have been done so far for Swedish conditions. The questions that became a consequence of the purpose where answered as follow in the report: Changes Today, the general rule is that the municipality is to purchase all public streets itself in the land development process. This rule has replaced the freedom of choosing whether to do so, that previously existed. Necessary land transfers take place today at an early stage of the process, often when the zoning plan becomes valid, as compared to before when it took place late in the land development process. Problems Some problems have arisen in cases when the municipality procures. This leads to the conclusion that the land development process today has become more risky, significantly more expensive, and that it takes longer time before the houses are ready for occupants to move in to, than previously was the case. To what extent does this new procedure implement LOU’s purpose? LOU's purpose, to get an effectively use of tax money, is not fulfilled by this procedure because the municipalities do not have any expenditures, which means that there are no funds which can be considered “effectively used”. As the municipality has no cost, it is questionable whether it really is to the municipality that an entrepreneur sells his services, rather than to the land developer paying for the services. Overall, this means that the purpose is probably not fulfilled by this new procedure. In what situations can the LOU procedure be questioned? The consequences of LOU can be questioned where it leads to major problems that would not occur if the legislation was more flexible. An example of this is when there is a lone land developer, who builds on his own property. If the municipality procures this, as happens today, problems arise in terms of money, time and coordination problems. This because it is more efficient if the developer that are already active in the area build all necessary infrastructure. Can any other interpretations of the La Scala-judgment and it´s relationship to the Swedish development process be found? One alternative interpret is that the municipal should use LOU on this kind of contracts when there is a risk that the municipal lose financial resources if they don´t do it. In the Italian development process there is always a risk that the municipal lose financial resources if they don´t purchase the contracts. The Swedish land development legislation are structured so the municipality never take a risk to lose financial recourses if they let the developer build everything in the area and therefore the municipality never can lose financial recourses in these cases. The Swedish municipalities don’t get any advantages if they use LOU here because the developer pays the real cost for all parts of the contract. Therefore, LOU is irrelevant in this part of the development process.
I Sverige kan en kommun med stöd av PBL begära att en exploatör ska bekosta utbyggnad av allmänna platser där exploatören bygger nya bostadsområden. Kommunen har historiskt haft två utförandealternativ att välja mellan. Man har haft möjlighet att själv upphandla en entreprenör med LOU som bygger och som bekostas av exploatören eller låta exploatören både bygga och bekosta anläggningarna. År 2001 kom en dom från EG-domstolen som av många tolkats som att allmänna platser ska upphandlas via LOU av kommunen. Som en konsekvens har det de senaste åren skett en övergång där kommunen idag som huvudregel tillämpar LOU på utbyggnad av allmänna platser. Syftet är därför att diskutera hur exploateringsprocessen har förändrats och vilka problem som uppstått sedan 2010 då kommuner som en konsekvens av La Scala-domen upphandlar allmänna platser enligt LOU. Syftet är även att diskutera om detta förfarande uppfyller LOU:s syfte och om det finns några alternativa tolkningar av La Scala-domen än dem som hittills gjorts i Sverige. De frågor som följde på syftet besvaras i rapporten enligt följande Förändringar Huvudregeln är idag att kommunen ska upphandla alla allmänna gator själv i exploateringsprocessen istället för som tidigare när det som huvudregel var exploatören som upphandlade dessa. Erforderliga marköverföringar sker idag i ett tidigt skede, ofta i samband med att detaljplanen vinner laga kraft, istället för som tidigare när det skedde i slutet av exploateringsprocessen. Problem Det finns risk för problem som tidigare inte funnits i lika stor utsträckning när kommunen upphandlar. Exempel är samordningsproblem och tidsproblem. Dessa leder sammanfattningsvis till att exploateringsprocessen idag riskerar att bli dyrare samt att det tar längre tid innan husen står inflyttningsklara än vad fallet var tidigare. Hur väl uppfyller detta nya förfarande LOU:s syfte? LOU:s syfte, att få ett effektivt utnyttjande av skattemedel, uppfylls inte eftersom det i dessa fall saknas skattemedel att få ett effektivt utnyttjande av. Syftet att alla företag ska ha möjlighet att sälja sin tjänst till kommunen kan starkt ifrågasättas eftersom det är exploatören som betalar för upphandlingen. I vilka situationer kan LOU-förfarandet ifrågasättas? De situationer där LOU-förfarandet kan ifrågasättas är där det uppstår stora problem som inte skulle uppstå om lagstiftningen medgav flexibilitet. Ett exempel på detta är de fall där det är en ensam exploatör som bygger på sin egen fastighet. Om kommunen upphandlar allmän gata, så som sker idag, uppstår problem i termer av pengar, tid och samordningsproblem eftersom det är mer effektivt att den exploatör som redan är verksam i området bygger all nödvändig infrastruktur. Finns alternativa tolkningar av La Scala-domen och dess förhållande till den svenska exploateringsprocessen? En alternativ tolkning är att kommuner ska upphandla den här typen an entreprenader i de fall kommunen kan förlora ekonomiska medel på att inte göra det. Så som den italienska exploateringsprocessen är uppbyggd finns alltid en risk att italienska kommuner gör en förlust i ekonomiska termer i de fall man väljer att inte upphandla infrastruktur offentligt. I Sverige är exploateringslagstiftningen däremot utformad så att kommunen aldrig tar någon ekonomisk risk och därför inte kan förlora ekonomiska medel i de fall man låter en exploatör upphandla en entreprenör. Kommunen har i det svenska fallet inte något att vinna på en offentlig upphandling eftersom det är exploatören som betalar den faktiska kostnaden. Offentlig upphandling saknar därför relevans och betydelse i den här delen av exploateringsprocessen.

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Lönngren, Josefin, and Sandra Fahlén. "Utmaningar och möjligheter i upphandlingsprocessen - för att kunna digitalisera på ett innovativt sätt i offentlig verksamhet." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33791.

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Approximately, digital transformation in public sector is procured for an amount of 59 billion Swedish crowns, according to Konkurrensverket. But despite this, the procurement process is not that effective, which may question the benefits of the investment being made. The Swedish Government has a goal to be the best in the world to utilize the opportunities that digitalization gives to the public sector, but according to Ekonomistyrningsverket, this goal is not considered to be fulfilled since there are some shortcomings in the area. Some argue that public procurement of innovation can contribute to a solution that is better suited to public needs, which is one of the reasons that the agency of innovation Vinnova was commissioned by the government to promote public procurement of innovation in the public sector. The procurement process is governed by laws and therefore the communication between customer and supplier is limited as no supplier are allowed to have competitive advantages in the procurement. This means that the requirement specification is important for public sector to fill their needs, but it claims that the process of requirements can be very complicated. The purpose of the study is to deepen the knowledge of procurement as an aspect to digitalize in an innovative way. This will be done by identifying the challenges and opportunities that exists in the procurement process. The study is conducted through an qualitative method and a literature study and interviews are used to collect data. Initially, the area is explored in a broader perspective with an exploratory approach and the collected material are further specified into a more specific area where a more focused approach is used. The results of the study indicate that there are both challenges and opportunities in the procurement process. The challenges that were identified concern the areas; specification of requirements, limits with the Public Procurement Act (PPA), the concept & meaning of public procurement of innovation and the competence of the Swedish innovation agency. Furthermore, the possibilities that were identified concern the areas; the competence of the Swedish innovation agency, specification of requirements, PPA & new way of working with the procurement process and the trend of being innovative.
Enligt Konkurrensverket upphandlas digitalisering inom offentlig sektor till ett belopp av 59 miljarder kronor. Trots detta är processen för upphandlingen inte särskilt effektiv vilket gör att nyttan av de investeringar som görs ifrågasätts. Sveriges regering har som mål att bli bäst i världen på att nyttja de möjligheter som digitaliseringen kan ge till den offentliga sektorn, men eftersom det fortfarande förekommer brister inom området anser Ekonomistyrningsverket att målet inte är uppfyllt. Många hävdar att innovationsupphandling kan bidra med lösningar som är bättre anpassad till det offentliga behovet vilket är en av anledningarna till att innovationsmyndigheten Vinnova fick i uppdrag av regeringen att främja innovation genom innovationsupphandlingar i offentlig sektor. Upphandlingsprocessen är styrd av lagar vilket bidrar till att kommunikationen blir begränsad mellan aktörerna då ingen leverantör ska få konkurrensfördelar i upphandlingen. Detta gör att kravspecifikationen är viktig för att offentliga verksamheter ska få det som efterfrågas, dock hävdas det att processen att identifiera behov samt formulera krav kan vara mycket komplicerad. Syftet med studien är att fördjupa förståelsen medupphandling som utgångspunkt för att kunna digitalisera på ett innovativt sätt genom att identifiera utmaningar och möjligheter som finns i upphandlingsprocessen. Studien utförs genom en kvalitativ metod där en litteraturstudie, intervjuer och en enkätundersökning utförs för att samla in data. Till en början undersöks området i ett bredare perspektiv med en utforskande ansats för att sedan använda det insamlade materialet till att specificera området ytterligare där en mer fokuserad ansats används. Studiens resultat visar på att det finns både utmaningar och möjligheter i upphandlingsprocessen där utmaningarna som identifierats rör områdena; kravspecifikation, begränsning med lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU), begreppet & innebörden av innovationsupphandling samt innovationsmyndighetens kompetens. Vidare rör möjligheterna som identifierats områdena; Upphandlingsmyndigheten kompetens, kravspecifikation, LOU & nya arbetssätt kring upphandlingsprocessen samt trenden att vara innovativ.

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Henriksson, Emma, and Julia Svensson. "Agilt inköp av IT : En kvalitativ studie inom offentlig sektor." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74412.

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Traditionellt har inköpsprocessen inom offentlig sektor utgått från projektmodellen vattenfall med tydliga faser och milstolpar. För att skapa större flexibilitet och effektivitet har IT-branschen frångått den traditionella projektmodellen och istället övergått till agila arbetsmetoder. En utmaning som uppstått genom detta är att inköpsprocessen inom den offentliga sektorn sällan är anpassad till agila arbetssätt. Den offentliga sektorn är en stor inköpare av IT men en betydande del av de offentliga IT-projekten misslyckas idag i form av överskriden budget. En orsak till detta kan vara att den traditionella inköpsprocessen har svårt att möta de förutsättningar som krävs för ett agilt arbetssätt, då den hindrar effektiviteten och måluppfyllelsen vid inköp av IT. I denna studie undersöks vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som finns inom en agil inköpsprocess för IT, samt hur en agil inköpsprocess skulle kunna struktureras och tillämpas i syfte att öka effektiviteten, kundnyttan och harmoniseringen mellan inköp av IT och implementeringen. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts där primärdata insamlats genom intervjuer. Totalt har 23 djupintervjuer genomförts med olika aktörer inom inköpsprocessen såsom beställare, upphandlare och leverantörer. Den största delen av datainsamlingen är genomförd på Luleå kommun men intervjuer har även utförts med externa respondenter med kunskap om agila arbetssätt inom offentlig sektor. Intervjuerna har analyserats genom en tematisk analys, som resulterat i ett flertal identifierande möjligheter och utmaningar för agilt inköp av IT samt ett ramverk för agilt inköp av IT. Studien visar att det finns både möjligheter och utmaningar inom en agil inköpsprocess för IT. Offentliga organisationer som bland annat genomsyras av de agila grundvärderingarna, med motiverade och förändringsbenägna individer och förtroende för leverantörer har goda möjligheter att arbeta med agilt inköp. Utmaningar finns inom ett ökat behov av struktur, högre grad av effektstyrning, proaktiv uppföljning, en förändrad anbudsutvärdering och en kulturell omställning. I studien har ett ramverk för agilt inköp av IT inom offentlig sektor framtagits. Ramverket är baserat på den nationella inköpsprocessen och de agila grundvärderingarna. Inom varje fas i inköpsprocessen presenteras aktiviteter som bidrar till att skapa en agil inköpsprocess. Aktiviteterna innefattar bland annat att skapa självorganiserande team, ställa krav på effektmål, skapa en jämn riskfördelning och arbeta med incitament för effektivitet. Studien bidrar med ny kunskap inom hur ett agilt arbetssätt kan anammas inom inköpsprocessen för IT inom offentlig sektor. Genom att använda det agila ramverket kan offentliga organisationer skapa en ökad harmonisering mellan inköpsprocessen och implementeringen av IT, med förhoppningen att det ökar effektiviteten och kundnyttan.
Traditionally, the public procurement process has originated in the waterfall project model, with distinct phases and gates. To gain more flexibility and efficiency, the IT industry have adapted agile project methods instead. A challenge that has arisen due to this change is that the traditional procurement process rarely is adapted to agile project methods. Furthermore, the public sector is a large buyer of IT, but a significant part of all public projects within IT are failing in terms of exceeded budget. One reason for this could be that the traditional procurement process has difficulties in meeting the conditions required for agile methods, since it prevents the efficiency and goal achievement of IT procurement. In this study, the possibilities and challenges of an agile procurement process for IT was researched. The study also included how the procurement process could be structured and applied, with the aim to increase the efficiency, the customer value and the harmonization between procurement of IT and the implementation. The research questions were answered by a qualitative study where primary data was collected through interviews. A total of 23 deep interviews were conducted with different participants in a procurement process such as purchasers, suppliers and clients. The largest amount of data was collected at Luleå kommun, but interviews were also conducted with external respondents with knowledge of agile methods in the public sector. The interviews were analyzed through a thematic analysis, which resulted in several opportunities and challenges concerning agile procurement, together with a framework for agile procurement of IT. The study shows that there are both opportunities and challenges in an agile procurement process of IT. Public organizations that for example is permeated of the agile ground values, with motivated individuals with a likeness of change and trust towards the suppliers, have good opportunities to work with agile procurement. Challenges exists in an increased need of structure, a change in purchasing and contract procedures and the need of education and a culture shift. In the study, a framework for agile procurement of IT in the public sector has been developed. The framework is based on the national procurement process in Sweden and the agile ground values. In each procurement process phase activities that characterize agile methods are presented. The activities include for example creating self-organizing teams, setting requirements based on impact goals, creating a model for shared risk and work with incentives for efficiency. The study contributes to new knowledge of how agile methods can be incorporated in the public procurement process. By using the agile framework public organization can increase the harmonization between the procurement process and the implementation of IT, with the aim to increase the customer value and efficiency.

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Duca, Fábio Vidal Pinheiro Del. "Análise do processo licitatório da prefeitura municipal de Passo Fundo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4748.

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The purchasing function is inserted in any business activity, whether in the public or in the private area. In public organizations there is a general rule, for the acquisition of goods and services, the requirement of bidding. However, the bidding processes are not always completed successfully, bringing numerous losses, not only for the public organization, as exceedingly to the dependent citizens of its activities. So, analyze the causes that resulted in completed bidding unsuccessfully, in the City Hall Passo Fundo, was the objective of the work. For this, a research was performed, classified as descriptive, as the goal, and qualitative on the approach. Once defined categories of analysis, the data collection through bibliographic research, documentary research and interview. The results indicated that all 329 unsuccessful biddings, corresponding to 19.1% of the total, came on external stage and that approximately 84% were finalized by revocation and the remaining 16% for annulment. In detail, were found twenty-three reasons for the unsuccessful biddings were found, with eight factors accounted for 90% of unsuccessful bidding. For these reasons, twenty-eight proposals for improvements were suggested to reconfigure the acquisition and contracting process, avoiding that the bidding processes are finalized without success. Based on these evidences, the propositions indicate that by increasing the importance and dedication on the internal phase of the bidding stage (planning), more precise will be the descriptions and details of the object, thus making smaller uncertainties in estimates of quantities, deadlines and costs. This would cause public organizations would have increased efficiency in public spending and security in their contracts. Additionally, the possibility of inversion of the phases of bidding, especially in the modalities concorrência and tomada de preços, become real needs for the evolution that the public administration needs.
A função de compras está inserida em qualquer ramo de atividade, seja da área pública ou da área privada. Nas organizações públicas tem-se como regra geral, para a aquisição de bens e serviços, a exigência de licitação. Porém, nem sempre os processos licitatórios são concluídos com êxito, trazendo inúmeros prejuízos, não só para a organização pública como, sobremaneira, aos cidadãos dependentes de suas atividades. Por isso, analisar as causas que resultaram em licitações concluídas sem êxito, na Prefeitura Municipal de Passo Fundo, consistiu no objetivo do trabalho. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa classificada como descritiva, quanto ao objetivo, e qualitativa, quanto à abordagem. Após definidas as categorias de análise, a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, da pesquisa documental e da entrevista. Os resultados indicaram que todos os 329 desfazimentos de licitações, correspondentes a 19,1% do total, deram-se na fase externa e que aproximadamente 84% foram finalizados por revogação e os 16% restantes por anulação. De forma detalhada, foram constatados vinte e três motivos para o desfazimento das licitações, sendo que oito fatores representaram 90% das licitações sem êxito. Por essas razões, foram sugeridas vinte e oito propostas de melhorias para reconfigurar o processo de aquisição e contratação, evitando-se que as licitações sejam finalizadas sem êxito. Com base nessas evidências, as proposições indicam que, ao aumentar a importância e a dedicação na fase interna da licitação (planejamento), mais precisas serão as descrições e os detalhes do objeto, tornando, assim, menores as incertezas nas estimativas de quantidades, de prazos e de custos. Isso faria com que as organizações públicas viessem a ter maior eficiência no gasto público e segurança nas suas contratações. Adicionalmente, a possibilidade de inversão das fases da licitação, principalmente nas modalidades concorrência e tomada de preços, tornam-se necessidades reais para a evolução de que a Administração Pública tanto necessita.

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Sandler, Jeanette Louise. "A formative evaluation of the implementation process of the supply chain management policy framework in Eastern Cape Provincial Administration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003867.

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The Eastern Cape Provincial Administration has, since the promulgation of the Supply Chain Management Policy Framework in 2003, been challenged with the implementation of the said Policy.Some departments have progressed better than others, but all of the provincial departments have been challenged in one way or another.It was therefore, necessary to research the reasons for the erratic implementation process by the different departments. An analysis, based on answers provided by senior officials of the Eastern Cape Provincial Administration in an interviewing process, was needed to get an understanding of the challenges the departments are faced within the implementation process. In order to provide quality goods and services, this dissertation aims to evaluate the implementation process, provide insight to the challenges that the departments are faced with and offer recommendations on how to remedy these challenges. The lessons learned from this research study will assist the provincial departments to re-engineer their implementation processes and move forward to greater success and embracement of the Supply Chain Management policy Framework.

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Viale, Rios Renzo. "Informe para la sustentación de expedientes: No. 1125-187-16 / No. 035-2016.TCE." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654689.

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El objeto del presente informe es brindar al jurado un resumen con las actuaciones más importantes del arbitraje bajo número de expediente 1125-187-16, llevado bajo las reglas del Centro de Arbitraje de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (en adelante, el Centro); así también, como un breve análisis y opinión del graduando sobre la decisión emitida por el Tribunal Arbitral. En el arbitraje materia del presente informe, la parte demandante fue el Consorcio Sensus Jergo (conformado por las empresas Corporación Sensus S.A y el Consorcio Jergo Contratistas y Consultores S.A.C) (en adelante, el Consorcio o el Contratista de forma indistinta) y la parte demandada es el Programa Nacional de Infraestructura Educativa – PRONIED (en adelante, PRONIED o la Entidad de forma indistinta).
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

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Kjellman, Felix, and Hugo Pettersson. "Budgetöverskridanden i kommunala investeringsprojekt : En fallstudie på en liten kommun." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85188.

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Världen över sker ständiga budgetöverskridanden. Offentliga verksamheter har inte varit något undantag för dessa kostnadsöverskridanden, vilket skapar incitament till att förstå varför de uppstår. I de offentliga projekten drabbas fler än bara de projektansvariga vid budgetöverskridelser. Det är samhället i stort som får betala för arbetet eftersom det är skattefinansierade projekt. Examensarbetet utgör en fallstudie som genomfördes med syftet att skapa förståelse för varför budgetöverskridanden sker i en liten kommun. För att uppnå syftet har både sekundär- och primärdata använts i form av en djupgående dokumentanalys vilken kompletterats av intervjuer. Som fallstudieobjekt har en liten kommun använts för att samla in material. Arbetets dokumentanalys syftar till att sammanställa och jämföra tidigare utförda projekt. Intervjuer med respondenter har kompletterat och förklarat de budgetavvikelser som uppmärksammats från dokumentanalysen. En litteraturstudie av tidigare forskningens resultat möjliggjorde även för jämförelse och ökad förståelse av resultatet. Resultatet av studien är en förklaring till varför budgetöverskridanden förekommer i en liten kommun. De huvudsakliga anledningarna är ändrings-, tilläggs- och avgående arbeten (ÄTA-arbeten) i projekten vilket orsakas av olika faktorer. Dessa olika faktorer kan vara exempelvis felaktiga handlingar eller dåliga markförhållanden. ÄTA-arbeten är väldigt kostnads- och tidsdrivande vilket orsakar budgetöverskridanden. Studien visar också att kostnadsöverskridanden är mer vanligt förekommande än tidsöverskridanden
All over the world budget overruns occur. Public organisations have been no exception for these overruns, which incentivizes creating an understanding to why they occur in the first place. In the public projects there are more people than just the project managers who are affected by these overruns. This is due to the fact that the public projects are financed by tax funds which is paid by the society as a whole. The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of why budget overruns occur where a small municipality has been chosen as the case object to gather data. To achieve this purpose both primary and secondary data has been used to create a document analysis which has been complemented with interviews. The document analysis of the study aims to compile and compare previous projects in the municipality. The interviews are supposed to complement and explain different budget deviations found in the document analysis. Finally, a literature review was carried out in order to enable the comparison of the gathered data and increase the understanding of the findings. The result of the study is an explanation of why budget overruns occur in a small municipality. The primary reasons are change orders in the project plan which is caused by different factors. These different factors are faulty or vaguely formed project plans or even bad conditions of the land. Change orders are very cost and time consuming which causes budget overruns. The study also found that cost overruns are more common than time overruns.

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Costa, João Ricardo de Oliveira. "Reengenharia de processos de negócio da contratação pública definição do modelo de gestão de processos da SGPCM." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19734.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas Públicas
Este trabalho é o resultado de um projeto de Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM) que visou a modelação dos fluxos de trabalho da área de Compras Públicas da Secretaria-Geral da Presidência do Conselho de Ministros (SGPCM). Este organismo desenvolve atribuições no Centro do Governo (CoG), nomeadamente no apoio técnicoadministrativo a diferentes áreas governativas e às entidades administrativas sob sua tutela. À exigência e multiplicidade deste contexto, adiciona-se a complexidade do regime legal da Contratação Pública, que se caracteriza pelas regras apertadas dos procedimentos pré-contratuais, de modo a garantir a transparência, a livre-concorrência e o controlo de despesa. Este contexto impossibilitou o necessário período refletivo por parte da gestão, assim como a passagem do conhecimento tácito para explícito, o que tem originado situações de retrabalho, de alguma discricionariedade na execução dos processos, assim como ineficiências, não-conformidades e a desestruturação de dados. Assim, com base nas práticas de BPM, estabeleceram-se modelos unívocos e simplificados dos fluxos de trabalho da Contratação Pública (na notação BPMN 2.0), e preparou-se a sua implementação. Tendo a base legal garantida, o processo envolveu as partes interessadas, num processo discutido e participado, para garantir o envolvimento e alinhamento. O resultado obtido irá lograr maior eficiência, eficácia e economia nos procedimentos, cumprindo, simultaneamente, os desígnios governamentais para a partilha e desmaterialização de serviços.
This work is the outcome of a Business Process Management (BPM) project aimed at modelling the workflows of General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (SGPCM) Public Procurement area. This organisation has ascriptions has Center of Government (CoG), namely the technical and administrative support to different governmental areas and to the administrative entities under its supervision. To the requirement and multiplicity of this context is added the complexity of the legal regime of Public Procurement, which is characterized by the tight rules of pre-contract procedures, in order to guarantee transparency, free competition and expenditure control. This context has prevented the necessary reflective period on the part of management, as well as the shift from tacit to explicit knowledge, which has led to situations of rework, some discretion in the execution of processes, as well as inefficiencies, nonconformities and data disruption. Thus, based on BPM practices, univocal and simplified models of Public Procurement workflows (in BPMN 2.0 notation) were established, and the implementation was prepared. With the legal basis guaranteed, the process involved stakeholders in a discussed and participated process to ensure involvement and alignment. The result will achieve greater efficiency, effectiveness and economy in the procedures, while fulfilling the governmental plans for the sharing and dematerialization of services.
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Ptáčková, Jitka. "Proces hodnocení veřejné zakázky z pohledu investora." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225971.

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This thesis deals with procurement. It focuses on the characteristics of public procurement, the procurement and evaluation. It describes the steps in the procurement and identifies risks that threaten the individual phases of the procurement process. The practical part is concerned with comparing the order of candidates established on the basis of two different evaluation methods stanovenýh in the Law on Public Procurement.

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Mendonça, Carmen Thereza Pietsch Cunha. "A sustentabilidade no processo de compras em instituições federais de ensino superior do estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8666.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This study refers to a research developed on the subject of Sustainable Public Procurement and its application in the Federal Institutions of Higher Education of the Midwest. Specifically, a diagnosis was made in these IFES and a Sustainable Purchasing Guide was developed. Regarding the methodology, this research was characterized by being qualitative, applied nature, exploratory, bibliographic, documentary, and based on multicaso study. The research's diagnosis was developed based on data obtained from the Purchasing Panel of the Federal Government and Management Reports on sustainable public procurement developed between the years 2012 to 2017 in the IFES of the Center West of Brazil. After that, it was proposed to use the sustainable public procurement guide, which includes environmental, social, economic and political criteria. Among the results obtained, the diagnosis showed that the degree of maturity in all the IFES is initial, since the sustainable purchases still cover few products, little budget, and thus the proposed Sustainable Procurement Guide proved to be appropriate for UFG. Sustainable public procurement should be used as a public policy instrument to promote sustainable development, as well as foster innovation and reduce costs.
Este estudo refere-se a uma pesquisa desenvolvida sobre o tema Compras Públicas Sustentáveis e sua aplicação nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior do Centro Oeste. Especificamente foi realizado um diagnóstico nestas IFES e desenvolvido um Guia de Compras Sustentáveis. Quanto à metodologia, esta pesquisa caracterizou-se por ser qualiquantitativa, natureza aplicada, caráter exploratório, bibliográfica, documental, e baseada em estudo multicaso. O diagnóstico da pesquisa desenvolveu-se a partir de dados obtidos do Painel de Compras do Governo Federal e de Relatórios de Gestão sobre as compras públicas sustentáveis desenvolvidas entre os anos de 2012 a 2017 nas IFES do Centro Oeste brasileiro. Após isso, propôs-se a utilização do guia de compras públicas sustentáveis, que inclui critérios ambientais, sociais, econômicos e políticos. Entre os resultados obtidos, o diagnóstico demonstrou que o grau de maturidade nas IFES é inicial, vez que as compras sustentáveis ainda abrangem poucos produtos e pouco orçamento e, assim, o Guia de compras sustentáveis proposto mostrou-se apropriado para UFG. As compras públicas sustentáveis podem ser utilizadas como um instrumento de política pública para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, além de fomentar inovações, e diminuir custos.

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Martins, Maria Gomes Campos Andrada Piteira. "O processo de implementação das compras públicas eletrónicas e as suas dificuldades de implementação." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12788.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em MPA - Administração Pública
A contratação pública tem vindo a assumir maior importância, por ser um dos grandes consumidores do orçamento público. Para o processo de contratação pública são utilizadas plataformas eletrónicas, que têm como objetivos entregar a este processo maior transparência, encurtamento de prazos, simplificação e desmaterialização processual. Este trabalho procurou analisar o processo de implementação das Compras Públicas Eletrónicas na Administração Pública Central Portuguesa e identificar eventuais dificuldades. Para o efeito, recorreu-se a uma abordagem qualitativa, que envolveu a análise documental de documentos oficiais e análise de conteúdo de entrevistas a empresas responsáveis pelas plataforma e a utilizadores destes sistemas. Deste modo, concluiu-se que a Contratação Pública Eletrónica em Portugal foi concretizada, no entanto a sua manutenção pode ser posta em causa, pelo facto de se ter identificado falhas entre os pressupostos do Código dos Contratos Públicos (CCP), regulador desta forma de contratação e a sua efetivação. Em suma, este estudo permitiu verificar que a redução de tempo e de custos, o aumento da transparência, a simplificação processual e o contributo para a redução do risco de corrupção foram conseguidos. No entanto, o aumento da concorrência, a desmaterialização e atualização da legislação são problemas que fragilizam a Contratação Pública Eletrónica em Portugal.
The public procurement has been assuming a larger relevance, mainly because of the fact that it is one of the biggest consumers of the public budget. For that process, there are used electronic platforms, that aim to achieve more transparency, shortening of deadlines, simplification and procedural dematerialization. This essay meant to analyse the electronic public procurement implementation process in the Portuguese Central Public Administration and identify eventual difficulties. For that, it was used a qualitative approach, that involved the analysis if official documents and content analysis of the interviews applied to the enterprises that are responsible for the platforms and to users of these systems. As such, it is concluded that the implementation of the electronic public procurement in Portugal was accomplished, however, its maintenance could be affected by different failures identified in the Public Contract Code, that rules this kind of procurement and its application. To sum up, this study allowed to sustain that the reduction of time and costs, the augment of transparency, procedural simplification and the contribution to the reduction of risks with corruption was achieved. Nevertheless, the augment of competitiveness, dematerialisation and regulation updates are problems that affect the electronic public procurement in Portugal.
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Bláhová, Petra. "Optimalizace procesu zadávání veřejné zakázky z pohledu konkrétního zadavatele." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371820.

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The diploma thesis deals with the topic of Optimization of Public Procurement Process from the Perspective of Specific Contracting Authority. The thesis introduces the main contracting authority problems based on the analysis of concrete public procurement and an interview with Town Hall staff. Next there are described the main differences between the current and previous Public Procurement Law and the method Design - Build is presented.

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Rakhimova, Nina, and Kettlin Jöesaar. "Jäv utan konsekvenser? : - En komparativrättslig studie mellan svensk och finsk jävsreglering vid offentlig upphandling." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41831.

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The study is mainly to reflect on how the two members of the European Union, Sweden and Finland has chosen to implement the directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union. To limit the study the focus has been to investigate the width of ‘conflict of interest’ as well as the width of ‘contracting authorities’. The conflict of interest may appear in all phases within the purchasing process with a risk for unjust advantages for the wanted supplier or the opposite, where a supplier is excluded by purpose. The actual procurement process is presented in the study in a wider context where the procurement document, the publication of the document as well as the establishing of the winning tender is defined as the second phase. The total process of purchasing begins with a first phase, the analysis of the actual need, market orientation and an evaluating of the previous contract. The third phase, contract management, is very critical as the risk of becoming caught altering the contracts during the term is low. Therefore, is not only the conflict of interest connected to the prior involvement of candidates or tenderers that need to be addressed. The regulation of the two national procurement laws does not contain the wider sense of conflict of interest. Instead, one Finnish inferior law, regulating administration and conflict of interest there in, appears to be the most comprehensive legislation to include all organizations that the procurement law applies to. The Swedish regulation as oppose to the Finnish spread out on a general administrative law and a law applied to the municipal organizations. However, this is not including all the organizations that must process their procurations according to law. The legislator refers to the constitutional principle, the principle of equality, and a mandate for the procurement authority to support all procurement organizations that are obliged to implement procurement under public procurement laws. Above is a simplified description of how the procurement directive has been implemented in Sweden and Finland. What has been noted is that is does not appear to be any penalties for those who shows a behavior indicating that there is a conflict of interest in any of the steps of the purchasing process. On the other hand, it is the contracting organization that may face penalties such as a waste of resources when a procurement is reviewed and fails, which means further time spent on yet another process of procurement. A contracting organization that does not manage its contracts according to the stated demands in the procurement might make such incorrect purchases or concessions that could lead to considerable sanctions.

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Špinerová, Zuzana. "Analýza procesu verejného obstarávania na municipálnej úrovni v Slovenskej republike." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9617.

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The paper analyzes public procurement process at the level of municipalities in the Slovak Republic. The introductory part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of theoretical and legislative aspects of the public procurement with definition of basic concepts and various procedural steps, which lead to the final implementation of the procurement. The paper also deals with the concept of 3E and degree of its implementation in legislation and in real-life process of procurement at the level of municipalities, with reference to some practical problems of that concept. The theoretical part of the paper is supported by an analysis of real-life public procurement processes undertaken at the municipal level and followed by evaluation using evaluation methods selected. At the end of the paper, proposals and recommendations that should lead to increase of effectiveness and economy in spending of public funds are included.

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Dvořáčková, Šárka. "Optimalizace procesu veřejného projektu z pohledu zadavatele." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390262.

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Dissertation titled Optimization of the process from the perspektive of the public project sponsor indicates the procurement process both through public procurement, and primarily through PPP (Public Private Partnership). The main objective is to optimize the procurement process by PPP from the perspective of the owner. Therefore, under the general statutes of the Ministry of Finance is processed general process and design methodology for assessing the project within municipalities. This model is then verified in the context of case study in a specific project.

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Souza, Carla Oliveira de. "Compras públicas sustentáveis: um estudo de caso do processo decisório em órgãos federais do Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17642.

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This research aims to describe the factors that influence the decision-making process on the shared sustainable purchasing between public sector agencies. For this purpose, a case study research has been made in which the same process was analyzed under different perspectives, using the theoretical approach of rational models, organizational and political for decisionmaking analysis. Methodologically, the research was an exploratory-descriptive and the data collected from desk research and the interviews have been analyzed through content analysis using analytical categories. The results reveal a complex decision-making process in which there are rational factors, organizational and political. The rational factors identified were: rational choice, bounded rationality and value maximization. The first has been the least perceived factor in comparison to the others. The organizational factors observed were: patterns and organizational processes, adaptation and organizational learning, predictability and organizational culture. The latter exercised little influence in decision making. The political factors identified were: power, interest, external influence, cooperation and coalition, negotiation and persuasion and conflict. The latter two are less noticeable compared to the other. Furthermore, it was found that the process of sustainable purchase decision making is especially rational and organizational, as a normative point of view, but it is also political in its development. Finally, the use of patterns and organizational processes that lead to sustainable practice in public organizations seems to be the most important factors identified because, while serving as a normative support, standardizes behaviors, bringing changes in organizational culture.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever os fatores que influenciam o processo decisório relativo à compra sustentável compartilhada entre órgãos do setor público. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso no qual o mesmo processo foi analisado sob diferentes perspectivas, utilizando-se a abordagem teórica dos modelos racional, organizacional e político de análise de tomada de decisão. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa teve um caráter exploratório-descritivo e os dados coletados da investigação documental e das entrevistas foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo utilizando-se categorias analíticas. Os resultados obtidos revelam um processo decisório complexo em que coexistem fatores racionais, organizacionais e políticos. Os fatores racionais identificados foram: escolha racional, racionalidade limitada e maximização de valor. O primeiro foi menos percebido em comparação aos demais. Os fatores organizacionais observados foram: padrões e processos organizacionais, adaptação e aprendizagem organizacional, previsibilidade e cultura organizacional. Este último exerceu pouca influência no processo decisório. Os fatores políticos identificados foram: poder, interesse, influência externa, cooperação e coalizão, negociação e persuasão e conflito. Os dois últimos foram menos perceptíveis em relação aos outros. Ademais, constatou-se que o processo de tomada de decisão da compra sustentável é principalmente racional e organizacional, no seu ponto de vista normativo, mas também é político no seu desenvolvimento. Por fim, o emprego de padrões e processos organizacionais que conduzam à prática sustentável nas organizações públicas parece ser o mais importante dos fatores identificados, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que serve como suporte normativo, padroniza comportamentos, trazendo mudanças na cultura organizacional.

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França, Jairo Fernando Taufick. "Fatores determinantes da eficiência no processo de compras públicas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8020.

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The importance of Government Procurement comes from the constitutional imposition. This fact forces the Public Administration to process the public bidding for the purchase of goods and services to meet society demands. Thus, moving up a significant part of the economy, around 10% to 15% of the GDP in Brazil. The procurement process is imperative to the achievement of Public Administration objectives. It is important to emphasize that it will be possible to get the reduction of the public expenditure and the stakeholders satisfaction, only achieving efficiency on this process of purchasing and service contracting. In order to contribute to fill gaps in the scientific literature, this study analyses the data of 3.310 public biddings in Goiás State during 2012 to 2016, in the Electronic Procurement. The study aimed to identify the determinant factors of the efficiency of the Electronic Procurement, considering the analysis of Celerity and Economy. After the descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, such as the correlation of X2 and Pearson correlation, and multivariate analysis, such as the Multiple Correspondence Analysis – MCA and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis – HCA, the results showed that the determinant factors of the efficiency in Electronic Procurement are the following: a) nature of the expenditure, consumption or permanent; b) quantity of items in the process; c) biddings exclusively for micro enterprises – ME and small business – EPP; d) the size of the winning company in the bidding process, ME and EPP or any other; e) the administrative organization, direct and indirect public administration; f) municipal and state/federal election year; g) amount of the intended expenditure. This study contributes to fill in part of the theoretical gap on the multivariate analysis of the determinant factors in the performance of public procurement processes.
A importância do tema Compras Governamentais decorre de imposição constitucional que obriga a Administração Pública a processar licitação pública para aquisição de bens e contratação de serviços no atendimento às demandas da sociedade, movimentando uma relevante fatia da economia, da ordem de 10% a 15% do PIB do Brasil. O processo de compras é imperioso para a consecução dos objetivos da Administração Pública, e somente com eficiência nesse processamento das aquisições e contrações é que se alcançaria a redução do dispêndio público e a satisfação dos stakeholders. O presente estudo, com a finalidade de contribuir para preencher lacuna na literatura científica, analisa os dados de 3.310 licitações realizadas pelo Estado de Goiás do ano de 2012 a 2016, na modalidade Pregão Eletrônico. Objetivou analisar os fatores determinantes da eficiência do Pregão Eletrônico sob os atributos Celeridade e Economicidade. Após análise descritiva, análise univariada como correlação de X2 e a correlação de Pearson, e análise multivariada como Análise de Correspondência Múltipla – MCA e Análise Hierárquica de Cluster – HCA, os resultados demonstram que são fatores determinantes da eficiência do Pregão Eletrônico os seguintes: a) da natureza de despesa, consumo ou permanente; b) quantidade de itens no processo; c) licitações exclusivas para microempresas – ME e empresas de pequeno porte – EPP; d) o porte da empresa vencedora da licitação, ME e EPP ou demais; e) a organização administrativa, Administração Direta ou Indireta; f) ano eleitoral municipal e estadual/federal; g) vulto da despesa pretendida. Este estudo contribui com preenchimento de parte da lacuna teórica sobre a análise multivariada dos fatores determinantes no desempenho dos processos de compras públicas.

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48

Mota, Flavio Perazzo Barbosa. "Processo eletrônico de compras públicas na perspectiva da dualidade da tecnologia: um estudo comparado no contexto brasileiro e paraibano." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/3870.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study aimed to understand the electronic procurement (e-procurement) from the perspective of the "duality of technology" in the context of federal and state public institutions located in Joao Pessoa-Paraíba, in Brazil. From this goal, a literature review of the assumptions that led to the introduction of the electronic procurement on the Public Administration (PA) was made, including the new public management reform (NPM), the emergence of so-called e-government, reaching one of its areas of activity: the e-procurement. In addition, it was discussed about the legal and government actions that support this initiative in the public sector of Brazil and Paraiba. Moreover, it was noticed the need for a study out of the dominant technical rationality, therefore, an interpretive research perspective, addressing the "duality of technology", using the structurational model of technology (ORLIKOWSKI, 1992). Thus, according to the theoretical perspective chosen, and from data collected in two interpretive case studies undertaken, a qualitative content analysis was done (GLÄSER; LAUDEL, 2009), aiming to obtain dimensions for the justification for the use and introduction of e-procurement, for institutional properties, to PA and users, and, finally, for the very process of electronic procurement. After assessing the dimensions obtained, it proceeded with the interpretation from the conceptual structurational model of technology (ORLIKOWSKI, 1992). In this sense, it was felt that the introduction and use of e-procurement has consequences on the daily action of users, and these actions result in organizational implications in the context of federal and state institutions located in Paraíba. It was found in both cases investigated that the introduction of e-procurement is not just the result of legal measures, but rather part of a broader context; the institutional properties have brought institutional changes in mechanisms and characteristics of the process at both the federal and state levels; different interpretations of each organizational actor to the e-procurement; electronic procurement carries risk, confirming that it is not an easy initiative to implement, because it has a number of difficulties that comes from the multiple objectives of PA that go beyond economic issues. In terms of "duality of technology", it was demonstrated the duality of the e-procurement, as it enable and constrain human action at the same time. Moreover, it was perceived much more a reaffirmation of the status quo, with reinforcement of legitimation, signification and domination structures of Public Administration in both cases.
O presente estudo buscou compreender o processo eletrônico de compras públicas (e-procurement) brasileiro e paraibano, a partir da perspectiva da dualidade da tecnologia , no contexto de instituições públicas federais e estaduais situadas em João Pessoa, na Paraíba. A partir deste objetivo, investigaram-se na literatura os pressupostos que deram origem à introdução do processo eletrônico de compras na Administração Pública (AP), discorrendo-se desde o movimento gerencialista de reforma da AP (NGP), passando pelo surgimento do chamado Governo Eletrônico, chegando a uma das suas áreas de atuação: o e-procurement público. Além disso, foram apresentados os requisitos legais e ações governamentais que dão sustentação a esta iniciativa na Administração Pública brasileira e paraibana. Outrossim, percebeu-se a necessidade de um estudo fora da racionalidade técnica dominante, ou seja, realizar uma investigação numa perspectiva interpretativa, incluindo a abordagem da dualidade da tecnologia , com o modelo de estruturação da tecnologia (ORLIKOWSKI, 1992). Assim, consoante com a perspectiva teórica escolhida e, a partir dos dados coletados nos dois estudos de casos interpretativos realizados, procedeu-se com a análise qualitativa de conteúdo (GLÄSER; LAUDEL, 2009), objetivando obter dimensões referentes à justificativa para uso do eprocurement, às propriedades institucionais, à Administração Pública e usuários, e, por fim, ao próprio processo eletrônico de compras públicas. Após a apreciação das dimensões obtidas, procedeu-se com a interpretação a partir do modelo conceitual de estruturação da tecnologia (ORLIKOWSKI, 1992). Neste sentido, percebeu-se que a introdução e uso do e-procurement acarreta conseqüências na ação cotidiana dos usuários, bem como essas ações resultam em implicações organizacionais no contexto das instituições federais e estaduais paraibanas. Evidenciou-se, em ambos os casos investigados, que: a introdução do e-procurement público não é, apenas, resultado de medidas jurídicas, mas, sim, faz parte de um contexto mais amplo; as propriedades institucionais têm acarretado mudanças em mecanismos e características do processo tanto no âmbito federal quanto estadual; diferentes interpretações de cada ator organizacional para com o e-procurement; o processo eletrônico de compras públicas carrega consigo riscos, comprovando que ele não é uma iniciativa fácil de ser implementada, pois possui uma série de dificuldades, decorrentes dos múltiplos objetivos da AP, que vão além de questões econômicas. Em termos de dualidade da tecnologia , evidenciou-se o caráter dual do eprocurement, já que ele ao mesmo tempo em que habilita, também limita a ação humana. Ademais, evidenciou-se muito mais uma reafirmação do status quo, ou seja, um reforço das estrutura de legitimação, significação e dominação da Administração Pública em ambos os casos.

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49

Louzada, Guilherme Neves Piedade. "Por trás das compras sustentáveis do Governo Federal: uma análise dos atores envolvidos no processo de transformação das aquisições federais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6294.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The great economic development in the post World War II period brought great pressure on the environment and natural resources forcing the theoretical currents of the economy to consider this issue in their analysis. In the development of the analysis of the relationship between economy and environment, the consumer gets a prominent role as a major contributor to the pressure on the environment. The advent of the Green Economy concept puts the state in the protagonist condition for the transition to a low carbon economy. In this research haul the first looks on sustainable procurement federal program, seen as one of the programs responsible for the transition to a green economy. Through the analysis of academic and professional trajectories of the actors who are behind the development of sustainable public procurement in Brazil, I point out that there is a vanguard of political actors in the Northeast in the development of legislation that encourages sustainable procurement and the existence of a strongly established elite in partnership between ICLEI, EAESP / FGV and British Embassy.
O grande desenvolvimento econômico no período pós segunda guerra trouxe consigo uma grande pressão sobre o meio ambiente e os recursos naturais forçando as correntes teóricas da economia a considerar este tema em suas análises. No desenvolvimento das análises da relação entre economia e meio ambiente, o consumo ganha papel de destaque como um dos principais responsáveis pela pressão exercida sobre o meio ambiente. O advento do conceito de Economia Verde coloca o Estado na condição de protagonista para a transição rumo a uma economia de baixo carbono. Nesta pesquisa lanço os primeiros olhares sobre o programa de compras públicas sustentáveis do governo federal, entendido como um dos programas responsáveis pela transição à uma economia verde. Através da análise das trajetórias acadêmicas e profissionais dos atores que estão por trás do desenvolvimento das compras públicas sustentáveis no Brasil, aponto que há uma vanguarda de atores políticos do Nordeste no desenvolvimento da legislação que estimula as compras sustentáveis e a existência de uma elite fortemente estabelecida na parceria entre ICLEI, EAESP/FGV e Embaixada Britânica.

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50

David, Anca Hélène. "L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne : un outil de mise en place de l'économie verte et circulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB177.

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L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne a conduit au développement d'un objectif nouveau qui vise à promouvoir l'éco-innovation et les modèles d'entreprise verts, afin de mettre en place une économie verte et circulaire. Ce nouvel objectif a eu des conséquences sur sa forme et son contenu. En effet, la forme du droit de l'Union européenne en matière d'environnement est dominée par des directives-cadres et présente une flexibilité accrue, tandis que son contenu intègre de nouveaux modèles d'entreprise, notamment le modèle d'entreprise circulaire. La transition vers une économie verte a également des conséquences sur la manière dont les États membres transposent le droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne. Le processus de transposition est devenu un vecteur de commercialisation de l'éco-innovation sur le marché européen, associant des acteurs nouveaux à la prise de décision, à savoir : les éco-entreprises, les laboratoires de recherche et d'innovation, les pôles de compétitivité, les entreprises du numérique ou les investisseurs providentiels
The evolution of the European Union environmental law has led to the development of a new goal that aims to promote eco-innovation and green business models, in order to create a green and circular economy. This new goal had consequences on its form and content. The form of the European Union environmental law is dominated by framework directives and presents increased flexibility, while its content integrates new business models, particularly the circular business model. Furthermore, the transition to a green economy has an impact on how Member States transpose the European Union environmental law. The transposition process has become a vector of commercializing eco-innovation on the European market, and brings together new stakeholders in the decision-making process, namely: green companies, research and innovation laboratories, clusters, digital companies or business angels

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public Procurement Process'

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