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1
Heimburg, Dina von. "Public health and health promotion: a salutogenic approach." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosialt arbeid og helsevitenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12094.
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Lee, Chi-hang Joseph. "Tung Chung Fire Safety Research & Promotion Centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949627.
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REIS, INES NASCIMENTO DE CARVALHO. "INVISIBLE PUBLIC SPACES: LOSSES AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN HEALTH PROMOTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20806@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA presente pesquisa analisou a dinâmica dos espaços públicos de saúde, segundo os referenciais da promoção da saúde e seus desdobramentos, tendo como campo empírico a sala de espera, espaço institucionalizado onde o cidadão aguarda atendimento. O espaço público é expressão das relações sociais e de poder, fundamentado na ética cidadã, na pluralidade, na liberdade, na transparência, no diálogo, na solidariedade, na educação conscientizadora e transformadora. Fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre sala de espera e análise documental sobre Promoção da Saúde. A pesquisa de campo foi quali-quantitativa, usou multi-métodos e foi realizada nos 17 Centros de Saúde Escola (CSE) do Brasil, relacionados no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (Cnes), entre 2009 e 2010. Foram entrevistados 91 cidadãos (24 gestores, 35 profissionais de saúde e 32 usuários), buscando identificar a evolução dos conceitos, das práticas e da institucionalização da Promoção da Saúde, na perspectiva da Atenção Básica de Saúde no âmbito do SUS. Os resultados mostraram uma sintonia na percepção dos entrevistados com essa evolução, identificando variadas dificuldades e vantagens na prática das atividades educativas, notadamente no espaço de sala de espera. Dentre as dificuldades, destacaram as ligadas ao ambiente construído, aos recursos humanos disponíveis, à dispersão dos usuários e à falta de apoio institucional. As vantagens mais citadas foram a de democratização do conhecimento, a interação social, a humanização, a organização do serviço, e a qualificação de discentes e profissionais de saúde. Ficou notória, de um lado, a visibilidade das salas de espera dos CSE como espaços empíricos de ações educativas e informativas; de outro, sua invisibilidade enquanto categoria teórica de espaço promotor de saúde, como espaço público onde se incentive o enfrentamento da questão social brasileira. O estudo conclui 8 que a visibilidade das salas de espera como espaço público pode ser ampliada através da valorização e do enriquecimento do saber popular e do agir em conjunto, para o incentivo à cidadania e ao bem comum, aplicando procedimentos criativos, oportunos e atrativos, sob a ótica de nossas carências atuais de recursos.
This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of public spaces of health, according to the references of health promotion and its ramifications, using as empirical field the Waiting Room (WR). In this study, the WR represents an institutionalized space, a built environment used under the responsibility of a legal institution, where the citizen waits for treatment. The public space expresses the social and power relationships based on ethics, plurality, freedom, transparency, dialogue, solidarity, and transformative education for critical consciousness. There was a literature search on the waiting room and document analysis on the Promotion of Health. The field research is quali-quantitative, used multi-methods and was conducted in 17 School Health Centers (CSE, in portuguese) in Brazil, listed on the National Register of Health Establishments (CNES, in portuguese), between 2009 and 2010. We interviewed 91 people (24 managers, 35 professionals and 32 users) in order to identify the evolution of concepts, practices and institutionalization of health promotion from the perspective of primary health care in the SUS (Health Unique System, in portuguese). The results showed a consistent perception of people interviewed with these developments, identifying different challenges and advantages in the practice of educational activities, especially within the WR. Among the difficulties, were highlighted those related to the built environment, the available human resources, the dispersion of users and the lack of institutional support. The main advantages cited were the democratization of knowledge, the social interaction, the humanization, the service organization, and the qualification of students and health professionals. It became notorious the visibility of the WR of the CSE as an empirical space for educational and informative actions; on the other hand, it became obvious its invisibility as a theoretical category of promoter of health, a public space made to encourage the confronting of social issues in Brazil. The study concludes that the visibility of 10 WR as a public space can be expanded through the enhancement and enrichment of popular knowledge and the acting together to favor common goods and citizenship, applying creative, relevant and attractive procedures, from the perspective of our current lack of resources.
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Cheung, Kim-chung Terence. "An horticultural nursery + a Green HK promotion centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25954829.
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Van, Der Heide George, and n/a. "Developing a model of community development for health promotion." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.163647.
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The thesis is concerned with finding strategies of community development suitable
for health promotion and a matching method of evaluation. The thesis contains
two literature reviews. The first examines the history and practice of community
development, the problems in the field of drug abuse prevention, especially in its
evaluation, and recent developments in health promotion within the context of the
new public health movement. The second literature review chapter examines
qualitative methodology and in particular recent developments in the use of case
studies. The design of the study in the thesis utilises multiple-case studies and
explanation-building with data matrix construction as the method of analysis. Two
multiple case studies of thirteen and twelve cases respectively use data from the
Community Approach to Drug Abuse Prevention (CADAP) Project. Detailed
analysis of ten matrices are presented for the First Stage Multiple-Case Study and
three for the second. Major conclusions are drawn about how a successful performance
in the processes of preparation and training in community development
lead to later successful community activity. Whether the preparation and training
is done by staff of the CADAP Project or by trained staff of host organisations
makes no difference to this outcome. Conclusions are drawn about community
development in general, its application to health promotion and its evaluation.
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Gaines, Alisha Beth Gropper Sareen Annora Stepnick. "Evaluation of Alabama public school wellness policies and state school mandate implementation." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Nutrition_and_Food_Science/Thesis/Gaines_Alisha_46.pdf.
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Törnhult, Therese. "Kommunanställdas uppfattning om och nyttjande av kommunens friskvårdsinsatser." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11530.
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The personnel policy program for the employees in studied municipality includes guidelines for the working environment, saying that health promoting activities is offered to all employees. Objective: To investigate how these activities were used and how the staff perceived the activities offered. The aim was also to find out how well the information about current health promotion efforts reached the staff.Method: A qualitative approach was used in the form of interviews. The sample consisted of municipal employees from seven different work sites. A total of 12 women aged 32-52 years participated. The interviews were recorded and a hermeneutic theory was used to interpret the results.Results: The results showed that most informants used some form of fitness activity. In most cases health care-time was used for anything from walking to organized workouts. The great barrier was lack of information and lack of trained and dedicated health motivators. In several cases, informants had no knowledge about what a health motivator is supposed to do. The informants own suggestions for health promotion interventions included stress management and foot care.Conclusion: The survey showed that respondents were poorly informed about which wellness activities the municipality offered. The result could also be interpreted as a communication gap between the local authority, health motivators and the employees. A request for group activities was detected.
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Maduakor-Ugo, Augustina Chinyelu. "Effect of Education on Stigma of Epilepsy in South Eastern Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1130.
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There is a need for epilepsy-based health education programs to enlighten Nigerian communities and reduce the stigma associated with epilepsy. Epilepsy in Nigeria is viewed by some as a contagious and an infectious disease or a condition imposed from the gods, possessed by demons, as the work of witchcraft, or punishment from ancestral spirits, which are all related to a lack of knowledge about epilepsy leading to stigmatization of persons with epilepsy. Guided by the stigma theory, the purpose of this community-based, cross sectional study was to quantitatively examine the effect of an educational program on interpersonal, internalized, and institutional stigma of epilepsy in terms of knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained. Two hundred and fifty participants completed a general domain instrument which had been used in different countries, including South Eastern Nigeria, and revised for greater validity via a pilot study. Chi-square tests were used to examine any significant differences in participants' responses between pre- and post-test surveys regarding knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained of all 3 identified stigma levels. According to study results, the educational program reduced all 3 stigma levels in terms of attitude, knowledge, and treatment gained of epilepsy (p< 0.001). This study contributed to positive social change by providing information to public health workers on how to increase the knowledge and awareness of the South Eastern Nigerian community that epilepsy is not contagious or infectious and there is no need to isolate persons with epilepsy from their societies.
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Clarke, Jacy. "A comparison of lifestyle intervention sessions and clinical screening as motivators in the South Dakota WISEWOMAN program." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/675.
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WISEWOMAN (WW) is a comprehensive program for medically underserved women in South Dakota (SD), aged 30 to 64, which aims to reduce morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases. Screening services include blood total cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI). Lifestyle intervention (LSI) sessions are also offered to address physical activity and nutrition. The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal study was to quantitatively examine whether the combination of LSI's and clinical screenings or clinical screenings alone lead to improvements in blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and/or BMI at rescreening 10 to14 months from initial screening. Guided by the social ecological model, it was hypothesized that SD-WW participants attending the screening sessions as well as the intervention sessions would have greater reductions in blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose than participants who only received screenings. Participants included 653 low-income women aged 30 to 64 enrolled in the screening alone (N=423) and SD-WW program (N=230) from 2000-2005, who completed both the screening and rescreening 10 to14 months later. Secondary data analysis using forced-entry multiple regression of the traditional measures employed in the screening alone control condition yielded significant predictive models for change scores in blood pressure, BMI, blood glucose, and cholesterol among all participants. Neither dummy variable regression nor ANOVA results indicated any significant impact of the SD-WW intervention on these same health outcome changes. Findings contribute to positive social change by demonstrating that screening alone is effective in predicting health outcomes, thus allowing more disadvantaged women to be served by public agencies that may face reduced funding for their array of programs.
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Fagan, Donna Marie. "A critical exploration of the concept of faith-based health promotion in Scotland : a mixed-methods study." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until May 22, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=56286.
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Tsheko, Toto. "Unfair labour practice relating to promotion in the public education sector." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6050.
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This topic deals with unfair labour practice relating to promotion and will focus mainly on the public education sector. The Labour Relations Act of 1956 and 1995, with respect to the concept of unfair labour practice, will be analysed. It is through this discussion that one appreciates how the concept of unfair labour practices has evolved in South African law. An attempt is made to define promotion and in this regard reference is made to cases decided upon by the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) or the Labour Court (LC). Furthermore, promotion is defined within the context of public education and applicable legislation. Due regard must be to the employment relationship between the employer and the employee as well as compare the current employee’s job with the job applied to. Unfair conduct by the employer will be discussed within the context of promotion. The prerogative of the employer will be discussed with reference to case law and that discussion will include an analysis of various principles with regard to procedural and substantive fairness. Various remedies provided for in dispute resolution mechanism in line with the provisions of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 and relevant case laws will also be discussed. The last chapter deals with how to strike a balance between employee rights (that is educators) and the rights of learners, in the context of promotion disputes. In this regard reference to case laws will be made. In general the topic will deal with unfair labour practice, definition of promotion including promotion of educators, unfair conduct of the employer, onus of proof, remedies and striking the balance between the rights of the learners and educators.
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Persson, Louise. "Health Promotion in Schools : Results of a Swedish Public Health Project." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-41218.
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All children have the right to a safe school environment that promotes good health. The fact that children’s feeling of well-being is declining is a vital public health concern. Health promotion in schools can help to create an environment that fosters good health, and the Swedish school environment is in need of improvement. The main aim of the thesis was to examine the health promotion activities that have been performed in Karlstad municipality primary schools between 2006 and 2012, from different perspectives, focusing on the school environment. This thesis includes four studies. Studies I and II are qualitative, and are based on interviews with all school managers in a municipality and children’s suggestions for improvement, respectively. Studies III and IV are quantitative and feature a cross-sectional design based on a questionnaire that was distributed at different points in time. In study I the categories: ‘Organization and collaboration’, ‘Optimize the arena’ and ‘Strengthening the individual’ emerged as vital by the school managers in health promotion, to enable ‘Opportunities for learning and a good life’. In Study II, ‘Psychosocial climate’ and ‘Influence’ emerge by the children as essential to increase school satisfaction and improve social relations among peers. Study III shows that classmates’ characteristics and class composition were associated with different perceptions of the classroom climate. Study IV shows that the school environment improved during 2005-2011 in the project municipality schools, and compared to the other municipalities in the county. In sum, it is always important to endeavor to provide a health supportive school environment, as it is a vital prerequisite for children’s health, well-being and academic achievements. This thesis contributes to the field by showing what is needed to enhance future health promotion in Swedish schools from different perspectives, to improve children’s opportunities for learning and a good life.All children have the right to a safe school environment that promotes good health. Health promotion in schools can help to create an environment that fosters good health. The aim of this thesis was to examine the health promotion activities that have been performed in Karlstad municipality primary schools, between 2006 and 2012 from different perspectives, focusing on the school environment. The results complement with new knowledge about how schools work with health promotion, and describe how school satisfaction and social relations might be improved, if children’s perspectives are considered in the planning of health promotion. The school environment has improved in the Karlstad municipality secondary schools 2005-2011, at both the municipality- and school level. The thesis contributes to the field of public health sciences, by showing what might be needed to further enhance school health promotion in Sweden and thereby improving schoolchildren’s opportunities for learning and living a good life.
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Wright, Dawna Reneé. "Collaborative transfer of a public health program." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037025.
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Kwedi, Sylvie Anne. "Evaluation of Capacity for Best Practice of Clinical Vaccine Research in Western Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1010.
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African institutions that perform health research need to continuously evaluate their practices in order to ensure compliance with international standards of good clinical practice (GCP). This mixed-methods study, undertaken at one clinical research site in Western Kenya, was an evaluation of GCP compliance at the site, research participants' satisfaction with research procedures, and research participants' comprehension of informed consent. The qualitative portion of the study involved audit of the site's compliance with GCP standards. The quantitative portion was an assessment of participant satisfaction and informed consent comprehension, undertaken through interviews with a sample of 297 participants. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data showed that the site's performance conformed with GCP standards. Descriptive statistical analysis of the quantitative data showed that the majority of study participants were content with study procedures. A majority understood those parts of the informed consent process related to study duration and purpose but not those parts of the informed consent process related to the purpose and benefits of the study. Univariate chi square analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the level of satisfaction by age, occupation, or level of education, and there were no statistically significant differences in the level of informed consent comprehension by duration in the study or staff levels of experience. Implications for positive social change include guiding future health research capacity-building efforts in Africa toward better compliance with GCP standards and development of higher quality of informed consent procedures.
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Hernandez, Beverly J. D. "The relationship between leadership styles and performance success in hospitals." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/789.
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Upheavals in the health care landscape threaten the sustainability of contemporary hospital organizations. Yet there is limited research regarding the characteristics of leaders within successful hospitals. The problem is the leadership styles needed to effectively run hospital organizations have not been identified and/or established. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of congruent leadership styles linked to the success of hospitals in one metropolitan city. The research questions sought to uncover (a) consistent leadership styles within successful hospitals, and (b) what, if any, relationship exists between leadership styles and measures of success. Examination of the literature uncovered the value of leadership to organizations through theoretical frameworks of organizational development, organizational culture, leadership, and change strategies that supported the need for hospital organizations to foster leadership practices associated with successful outcomes. Correlational analyses were used to examine the relationship between leadership styles and successful hospital outcomes. Primary data for this research were collected from 109 hospital leaders via the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) Form 5X. Results from this study indicated an increased likelihood of performance success with the application of transformational characteristics. These findings support positive social change as results may serve as a model for leadership practices within 21st century hospitals. Results should further heighten social consciousness to spawn the development of related college curricula, scholarship programs, and leadership alliances that weave transformational characteristics into the leadership fabric of contemporary hospital organizations.
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Mihrete, Kifle. "Association Between Fast Food Consumption and Obesity and High Blood Pressure Among Office Workers." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1022.
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Fast food consumption among office workers is a common phenomenon. Frequent consumption of fast food is linked to cardiovascular risk factors. The pervasiveness of these risk factors has debilitated the office workers' health and contributed to low performance and absenteeism. However, there remains a significant gap in the current literature regarding the health impacts of frequent fast food consumption behavior of office workers. Consuming large portions of fast food has been associated with obesity. The purpose of this correlation study was to investigate the relationship between fast food consumption and obesity and hypertension among office workers. The theoretical foundations for this study are based on socio ecological model which is concerned with interactions between the individual and the different elements of the environment. Of 145 randomly selected office workers, 55 completed surveys about their food behavior and 36 of them had body mass index and blood pressure measured. Spearman rank-ordered correlations revealed significant correlations of moderate strength between fast food portion size and obesity (rs = .37) and between frequent fast food consumption and hypertension (rs = .40). These results constitute an important contribution to the existing literature and can be used by the health professionals and management to design workplace health intervention which focuses on the office workers and the social environment. Implications for positive social change include reducing the prevalence of obesity and hypertension.
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Brodie, Kimberly Becknel. "Intrapersonal and community-related influences of rural adolescent pregnancy: A mixed-method approach." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/674.
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The majority of data on adolescent pregnancy pertains to urban communities, therefore, the individual and social influences associated with adolescent pregnancy in rural communities have not been extensively explored. The pregnancy rate among adolescent women aged 15 to 19 in rural Vance County, North Carolina, is 113.7 per 1,000, nearly twice the state average. This sequential mixed-method study used the social ecological model to evaluate the intrapersonal and community-related factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in this rural area. A quantitative survey assessed intrapersonal factors, namely sexual health knowledge, sex-related attitudes, and self-esteem in pregnant or parenting and nonpregnant or nonparenting groups. Two sample t tests revealed significant differences between groups relative to personal sexual values and attitudes toward premarital sex. There were no significant differences between groups for sexual health knowledge scores or self-esteem scores. Qualitative focus group discussions with one group, consisting of pregnant, parenting, nonpregnant, and nonparenting participants, assessed community opportunity structure as a behavior-influencing dynamic. Open-coding analysis revealed perceptions of strained employment and education-related structures, low community expectations of pregnant adolescents, and the influence of peer-related normative beliefs in early sexual intercourse. To bring about social change, community organizations should collaborate to engage participant-driven research while prioritizing the implementation of county-wide, comprehensive sex education programs. Improved programming could repair social norms, increase sexual health knowledge, and encourage personal responsibility over sexual health decisions.
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Kilby, Linda M. "The effect of breastfeeding on the BMI of Hispanic preschool children." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/804.
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The American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health Organization recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months of life to reduce risk of obesity in pre-school children. Previous research has indicated a high rate of obesity among Hispanic children in the northeastern United States. There is also a gap in the literature regarding the effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding in preventing obesity among preschool Hispanic children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if there was an association between exclusive breastfeeding and obesity among pre-school Hispanic children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Education Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in a metropolitan area of mid-Atlantic region between the years 2004 and 2009. This retrospective secondary analysis of data for 4454 Hispanic children compared the body mass index (BMI) at 36-59 months of age for those that were breastfed to those that were not breastfed using the Student's t-test. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was examined for any correlation with BMI for the cohort of breastfeeding women using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results revealed that the BMI for 1181 breastfed children was not statistically different from the non-breastfed children (16.97 vs. 17.04). However, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between duration of breastfeeding and BMI among children of breastfeeding mothers (r = -.75, p < .05). These results make an important contribution to the existing literature and can enhance social change initiatives by encouraging practitioners to educate Hispanic mothers on the positive effects of exclusive breastfeeding the first 4 months of life which could help minimize obesity prevalence among children.
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Ratima, M. M. (Mihi M. )., and n/a. "Kia uruuru mai a hauora : being healthy, being Maori: conceptualising Maori health promotion." University of Otago. Wellington School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2001. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.152546.
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The Decade of Maori Development (1984-1994) stimulated the re-emergence of distinctly Maori approaches to progressing their own advancement. Maori health promotion is one such approach that has a central concern for improving Maori health outcomes. A range of Maori collectives are providing what they claim to be distinctly Maori health promotion initiatives. However, Maori health promotion has a pragmatic orientation, and this has, at least in part, led to conceptual and theoretical under-development. There is an almost complete lack of empirically and theoretically sound work to conceptualise Maori health promotion. This research programme has focused on identifying the defining characteristics of Maori health promotion.
The primary data source for this research programme was three case studies of Maori health promotion interventions.
Tipu Ora - a Maori community-based well-child programme;
the Plunket Kaiawhina Service - a national Maori focussed initiative located within a mainstream service; and,
the Wairarapa Maori Asthma Project - a tribally-based asthma management initiative.
The main source of data in each of the case studies was in-depth open-ended interviews with programme participants and stakeholders. Data was also drawn from document review and archival records.
The findings of this research indicate that Maori health promotion is based on a broad concept of health, which can be expanded as the basis for a more general argument for Maori advancement. Maori health promotion is the process of enabling Maori to increase control over the determinants of health and strengthen their identity as Maori, and thereby improve their health and position in society. Its defining characteristics have been identified in this research programme, and presented in �Kia uruuru mai a hauora�, a framework for Maori health promotion. The Framework has the potential to provide the basis for a more consistent and rigorous approach to Maori health promotion practice, policy, purchasing, and research. Aspects of the Framework may also have wider application to generic health promotion and other indigenous peoples� approaches to health promotion.
This study concludes that Maori health promotion draws primarily on the heritage and new knowledge that arises from Maori and Western experiences. However, it remains grounded in the distinctive concepts and values of Maori worldviews. Maori health promotion is a distinctly Maori process, in step with and indigenous health promotion, but primarily on the determination of Maori to be Maori.
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Laverack, Glenn, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Addressing the contradiction between discourse and practice in health promotion." Deakin University. School of Social and International Studies, 1999. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040723.104140.
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The main theme of this thesis is the contradiction between discourse and practice in health promotion. Many health promoters continue to exert power-over the community through top-down programming whilst at the same time using an emancipatory discourse. The thesis has addressed this contradiction in three parts. The first part determines how the emancipatroty discourse has evolved and eplores the role of social movements in the development of contemporary health discourses and their influence on the legitimisation of empowerment. Central to this discourse is the empowerment of communities. To understand the role of this concept the thesis provides an interpretation of the different meanings of power and community, and the different levels of analysis of empowerment in the context of health promotion programming.
The second part identifies the nature of health programming and the dominance of top-down, and to a much lesser extent, bottom-up approaches. The thesis argues that these two approaches are not, and do not have to be, mutually exclusive. To address this issue the thesis presents a new methodology is situated within a framework developed for the accomodation of empowerment goals within health promotion programmes. The study also identifies the organisational areas of influence on the processs of community empowerment and it is these which are used for the assessment of this concept. Both the framework and the methodology address the contradiction in health promotion by making community empowerment operational within a programme context.
The third part of the thesis supports the rationale for the design of the methodology with field work in rural Fijian communities. The findings are presented as a composite case study to highlight the experiences of implementing the methodolgy and the main themes that emerged during the field work. the final chapter of the thesis brings together the central themes of the study and draws from these and 'emergent agenda' as a way forward for health promotion research and practice.
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Lee, Chi-hang Joseph, and 李志恒. "Tung Chung Fire Safety Research & Promotion Centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985269.
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Overstreet, Timothy L. "Report of a health needs assessment conducted for Roanoke City Public Schools." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02022010-020119/.
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Knutson, Donna Beth. "Drills and Exercises as Interventions to Improve Public Health Emergency Response." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1063.
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The 2001 destruction of the World Trade Center and the subsequent anthrax attacks highlighted the inability of an antiquated public health system in the United States to respond effectively to emergencies. Little documentation exists to define how public health agencies can improve performance. The overarching research question was the extent to which drills and exercises improve performance in public health emergencies. Adult learning theory and deliberate practice theory were explored in this context. The research data were from 50 state public health departments, which were required to report performance information to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data were examined using Poisson analysis and logistic regression. Results indicated that drills and exercises had no statistically significant impact on public health performance for the 3 performance measures examined; of all predictors, what explained the most variance in reaching performance targets was the number of real emergencies to which a health department had responded in the past. Performing drills and exercises did not predict the likelihood of reaching performance targets. These findings have implications for positive social change for Congressional leaders and other government representatives. Such public servants could use this information to guide their efforts to redirect public health emergency preparedness funds away from drills and exercises and toward other fundamental public health activities. These more focused efforts could facilitate the improvement of public health laboratory capacity, the training of field epidemiologists, and the advancements in technology for enhanced reporting and surveillance.
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Johnston, Georgia Neikirk Lewis. "Faith based health promotion : a descriptive case study /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Albro, Kelly M. (Lasley). "The special events boom : the public relations practitioner's role." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/444700.
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This thesis explored the public relations practitioner's role in the growing field of special events.A review of literature found that no study of this type had been conducted and that there is little instructional information available on the topic.A 29-item survey was mailed to 613 public relations professionals acquired through a systematic random sample of O'Dwyer's Directory of Public Relations Firms, 1983. Three mailings resulted in 153 usable responses.The survey included scaled, multiple choice, and open ended questions. Question topics included: awareness and involvement in special events on a national and agency level; responsibility for conceptualization and implementation of special events; objectives for events; amount of responsibility in events; success of events; quantity, quality, type and specific sources of instructional information; and demographic information.The returned responses were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive data were provided on all responses and crosstabulations were established for selected variables.The majority of the respondents stated that they had seen an increase in the number of events in both their agency and in the United States. In addition they predicted that the trend will continue for both.The majority agreed upon typical objectives for special events, the success of the events and the most effective techniques for measuring the success of the events.The respondents also indicated that there is little instructional information available on special events and that what is available is only average in quality.In conclusion, all of these responses seem to indicate that public relations practitioners perceive special events to be a very positive, growing and successful part of the public relations agency's business. However, there appears to be a need for better educational material on this important aspect of their business.
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Burrell, Courtnie Jones. "Promotion of the Hospital's Patient Portal." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1681.
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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services wanted to ensure that electronic health records were used in a meaningful manner to improve coordination and quality of patient care. In 2011, the federal government began offering monetary incentives to help healthcare facilities and providers adopt technology that supported patient access and increased their ability to manage their own health. The hospital where this project took place encouraged patients’ involvement in their health by providing a patient portal, yet the public has underutilized it. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based strategy for future implementation at the hospital that will increase patients’ use of the hospital’s portal. Education will be provided through an interaction between patients and a designated staff member. An informative video describing the functionality and benefits of the portal will be shown to patients to see if individualized education increases portal enrollment and participation in the portal. Adult learning theory informed this quality improvement project. In addition, the logic model served as the framework for the development of an evaluation strategy that the organization will use post implementation. The project targets social change through patient engagement. Ideally, patient portal education will increase portal enrollment, which will increase patients’ knowledge of their health information. Evidence indicates access to one’s own health information is a first step in improving and strengthening self-care and achieving better clinical outcomes.
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Adeyemi, Mosunmola. "Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer Screening Among African Women Living in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1105.
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More than half of the incidents and mortality rates from cervical cancer occur among minority groups, including immigrant women from continental Africa living in the United States. Although researchers have examined cervical cancer screening practices among minority populations, including Black women in Africa and in the United States, there are few studies on cervical cancer screening and associated risk factors, specifically among African women living in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between selected factors and cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women living in the United States. Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a theoretical basis, this cross-sectional quantitative study was focused on determining the association between family income, level of education, language of interview, insurance status, age, and perceived health status and cancer screening practices. Data on 572 African immigrant women from the National Health Interview Survey in 2005, 2008, and 2010 were used for the study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Key findings indicate that family income, education level, and age were significantly associated with cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women in the United States. Findings from the study support positive social change by targeting at-risk groups for cervical cancer screening programs. The long-term goal of early cervical cancer screening is to lower cervical cancer rates among African immigrant women in the United States. The findings from the study can be used by community health professionals to provide education that can lead to utilization of cervical cancer screening services based on guidelines and recommendations.
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Watson, Brenda Ivy. "African American Pastors' Perspectives on Health Promotion Ministries." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3846.
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The centrality of the church in African American communities makes it a culturally compelling sponsor for health promotion activities targeting health disparities among the medically underserved. Pastoral support is critical in determining whether a church initiates or supports a health promotion agenda, but there is little understanding of the variables that influence this decision. The aim of the qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions of African American pastors regarding the decision to incorporate health promotion programs in their churches. This study was guided by the health belief model using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using both semi-structured and open-ended interviews. Ten pastors of North Carolina African American churches, with and without health promotion ministries, were recruited for the study. Eight pastors agreed to participate in the study. They were interviewed, and interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were open coded and analyzed. NVivo 11 was used to manage the data. Five themes emerged from the study: the importance of health promotion, pastor support of a health promotion program, pastor influence on individuals in the congregation, the health status of church members, and barriers and facilitators. Positive social change may be realized by using this information to increase the effectiveness of culturally sensitive health information and developing health education programs that specifically target the African American faith community. Information from this research could help guide public health agencies on how to approach health programming in this specific area and for this population.
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Wolfe, Nicole Elizabeth. "A case study of the development and promotion of the Gardasil vaccine." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378516.
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MacDonald-Jones, Glenn L. "Being managed : explorations in reflexivity in health promotion." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2006. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5832/.
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The thesis maps out my experiences of, and thinking about, health promotion over my fifteen-year career as a health promotion specialist and lecturer. It adopts an exploratory, reflective approach starting with an account and analysis of health promotion as I experienced it in practice from the mid 1980's onwards, and ending with an exploration of the way reflexivity works in a medium-sized health promotion department in England. This exploration took place in 2000 at a time when the department like many others were facing an uncertain future and a possible merger with a department of public health. The thesis begins with my reflections on health promotion and its theory, and my personal experience of being managed in a health promotion department. This account forms the first step of a research process, and the role of reflexivity in this process is highlighted. Using qualitative techniques of data analysis, themes emerge relating to the way the accounts were written, the social and psychological processes being acted out; and the emotional tapestry involved. A co-operative research encounter based on the story-dialogue method with a medium-sized health promotion department generated six streams of qualitative data. The separate analyses are combined to produce overall meta-themes which tell a collective story of the hidden scripts and conventions operating in the health promotion department at the time. These include limits to what can be said, associated avoidance and cynicism, and an acknowledged lack of reflexivity. There was an embedded rhetoric about democracy, valuing and consultation that was vulnerable to being over-ridden or diminished. Similarly, there was a lack of specificity about what health promotion as an entity and team working actually means to the department. Within this scenario, staff became individual tacticians and placed high regard on their autonomy. Reflexivity facilitated and legitimised through story-dialogue enabled emotional expression, criticism, and agreement and appreciation. Reflexivity in the encounter translated hope and uncertainty into future-facing and future action. It helped re-establish and specify a collective identity and it provided some detail about nature of health promotion and team working. These meta themes are discussed in relation to changes and movements in contemporary health promotion in England including the life and meaning of 'health promotion' discourse and the creation, reification and impact of 'tribal' discourses in health promotion and public health. These discourses based on difference are shown to be questionable and point to a demise of reflexivity in more recent health promotion discourse. Adherence to this discourse is argued to leave health promotion open to charges of elitism and has hindered searches for common values, language and standards. Moreover, it has meant a failure to articulate a new health promotion.
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Wilkins, Rob. "It's like having to trade on the personal : changing work, changing identities of public health learning and development practitioners." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/368.
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As a practitioner involved in the planning and development of educational activities in the field of public health, I have worked within many pedagogical traditions and program parameters. Through this work, I have experienced both subtle and radical shifts in the range of skills, knowledge and relationships required to collaboratively plan and evaluate educational work. In this professional and community-based landscape, competing and often overlapping models of education and evaluation have led to much conceptual confusion and ambiguity around narrowly defined notions of best practice, evidence and knowledge legitimacy. Drawing from Dorothy Smith’s (1999) standpoint theory from which my inquiry was developed as a result of my participation with colleagues in the field, I explore how three professional practice networks of learning and development practitioners speak of the skills, knowledge, relationships and worker identities in a changing field. This research seeks to explicate the kinds of informal and largely unarticulated knowledge that is produced through the changing contexts of work. This research maps the changing conditions of educational work through my own case stories of educational practice and uses these as a springboard for discussion among three diverse professional practice networks. The Story/Dialogue Method (S/D-M) developed by Labonte and Feather (1996), is a constructivist methodological approach that, in this application, structures group dialogue into reflective insights and theories about how educational work occurs in varied settings among different professional and community-based groups. A strong reliance on interpersonal skills was articulated by all three networks to build trust, assess individual and organisational learning needs, to build partnerships and to motivate learners. Skills were often described vaguely and summarised as a series of situational specific attributes. A valuing of reflexive, working knowledge as opposed to professional or discipline-based expertise was raised as an important aspect of partnership building and in negotiating program parameters. The need to build individual and organisational relationships through formal and informal encounters was cited as a series of legitimate yet often ‘behind the scenes’ professional practices. Aligning with the notion of worker identity described by Chappell, Rhodes, Solomon, Tennant and Yates (2003) as process, practitioners spoke of their identities as constructed and temporary, negotiated through newly emerging roles and changing relationships with peers and learners. This study suggests that evidence-based practice is a contested term drawing its meanings from multiple theoretical and pedagogical traditions including that of intuition. Perhaps unsurprisingly then, evidence guiding educational approaches is viewed as a pragmatic and eclectic mix of tools stored to be adapted for use in new ways. Additionally, this study concludes that all participants (including myself) regard educational practice as a collaborative and continually negotiated endeavour.
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White, Monique Shanta. "Risk Factors for Development of High Blood Pressure and Obesity Among African American Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/842.
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Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and has been linked to hypertension, especially among African American youth. Optimistic bias leads youth to underestimate their susceptibility to negative health outcomes. Public health officials want to reduce risk factors to result in significant long term reduction in cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to explore adolescent behavior practices in a school district and prevalence of high blood pressure and obesity in that population. The health belief model guided the framework for this study. Research questions examined relationship between individual health risk practices and optimistic bias on health outcomes. Using a correlational research design, 433 African American high school students were administered a face-to-face survey and had their obesity and blood pressure measured by the school nurse. Canonical correlational analyses were used to examine relationships between health risk practices and descriptive statistics for optimistic bias and health outcomes. Among the health risk practices, engaging in moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes in the last 7 days and lower blood pressure was the only statistically significant relationship. Despite presence of clinical risk factors for hypertension and obesity, two-thirds of the students did not perceive themselves to be at risk of developing cardiovascular disease, with males at greater risk than females. Reducing health optimistic bias is viewed as an effective way of motivating young people to adopt more positive behaviors. This study has social change implications for using educational institutions to implement intervention programs that promote positive health behavior among youth not as an individual responsibility but as a way to reduce health disparities at the systemic level.
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Dreyfuss, M. S. "Foodborne or pandemic: An analysis of the transmission of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the role of food handlers." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/659.
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This study examined the strength of association between food workers and food to norovirus in comparison to bacteria associated with foodborne-related gastroenteritis by whether norovirus had a direct (physical evidence), indirect (statistical evidence), or suspect (neither of the two) association with food or food handlers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers norovirus to cause the largest number of foodborne-related gastroenteritis cases in the United States. The association of norovirus with foodborne outbreaks through its information data collection form focuses on the food worker as the typical source. Yet, many outbreaks are not foodborne in nature. The gap in the research is the evidence supporting the theory that norovirus transmission is the same as bacterial transmission. A secondary data anaylsis was conducted on the data from the electronic Foodborne Outbreak Reporting System between 1998 and 2006. An odds ratio analysis showed no similarity between proportion of the implicated and nonimplicated numbers of outbreaks from norovirus and those from Salmonella. The odds ratios also showed a stronger similarity between proportions of food handler implicated outbreaks from norovirus than from Salmonella. An analysis showed, though, a significant emphasis was not placed on the food handler but on other indirect routes of transmission of norovirus in outbreaks. The analysis also indicated that norovirus transmission was not mainly through food. Norovirus transmission appeared to be through person-to-person rather than food and had more similarities with pandemic influenza than gastroenteritis-associated bacteria. A change in approach to norovirus by local, state, and federal agencies could have social change implications for prevention, surveillance, and public health programs to reduce infection and outbreaks.
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Arori, Christopher Nyakundi. "Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors, Knowledge Level, Attitudes, and Practices on Malaria Prevention Among the Gusii People of Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/961.
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Global morbidity and mortality associated with malaria is rampant, and most of the clinical malaria cases are found in sub Saharan Africa. Previous and current research show that malaria is both preventable and treatable and that socioeconomic variables have a profound influence on how persons in rural Africa respond to malaria infections and the associated preventive strategies. This study assessed two key research questions for malaria cases in the Gusii region of Kenya regarding: First, whether a community education program on malaria has an impact in changing malaria preventive behaviors; and, second, if a relationship exists between socioeconomic factors and participants' knowledge and associated behavioral change to control malaria cases. Participatory model and social cognitive theory were used in conjunction with a community intervention with pre-post-test approach. Ten trainees each interviewed 36 participants, for a total of 360 participants, using a structured questionnaire before and after providing a layperson health education program (LPHEP) related to malaria prevention. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Cramer's V test were used for the test of significance. Results showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test scores on signs and symptoms of malaria. Participants were able to identify and stated > 2 signs and symptoms of malaria after exposure to the LPHEP. Implications for positive social change included evidence that a simple LPHEP can improve malaria knowledge level.
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Sullivan, Daniel. "Association Between Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets and Overweight and Obesity." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/963.
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Overweight and obesity and associated health risks have become epidemic in several regions around the world. Numerous studies have addressed the dietary habits of vegetarians and vegans in terms of disease prevention and nutritional deficiencies but the relationship between overweight and obesity and the demographic, psychosocial, lifestyle, and dietary intake of omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans has received less attention. Guided by the social-ecological model, this study included a cross-sectional, quantitative, anonymous web-based survey to obtain dietary information on omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans. Vegans demonstrated a significantly lower mean and median body mass index ( p=0.00) than omnivores, semi-vegetarians, and vegetarians. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the odds of overweight (OR=0.41; p=1.14) and obesity (OR=0.47; p=0.28) in vegans compared to omnivores. Alcohol was significantly protective against obesity for both 1-2 (OR=0.33; p=0.03) and 3-30 (OR=0.20; p=0.01) days drinking per month while binge drinking significantly increased the odds of obesity (OR=4.44; p=0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis stratified for levels of exercise revealed an interaction between diet and exercise. A vegan diet was significantly protective against obesity for low-level exercise in terms of frequency (OR=0.31; p=0.02 ) and total minutes per week (OR=0.23; p=0.02) compared to omnivores. Coupled with prior studies these results may contribute to positive social change by facilitating a broad-based paradigm shift in the view of diet and exercise as well as providing evidence that can be implementated in broad-based obesity control programs to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity.
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Moore, S. Jason. "The Relationship Between Daily Snowfall Accumulation and Pattern and Severity of Traumatic Injuries at a U.S. Ski Resort." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/950.
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Throughout the relevant literature, research addressing the impact of a specific environmental factor, such as snowfall, on injury patterns or severity among alpine skiers and snowboarders is sparse. The foundation for inquiry into this relationship was developed based on principles of physics and traumatology coupled with findings in the available literature. Secondary analysis of trauma registry data coupled with daily snowfall measurements from one of the largest ski areas in North America illustrated a negative correlation between daily snowfall amount and injury severity (r = -.08). Concordant findings demonstrated an increased odds of sustaining an injury defined as severe or critical according to Injury Severity Score (ISS) classification when there was less than two inches of fresh snowfall (OR = 3.9; 95% CI[1.06, 16.69]). Additionally, utilizing the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), a regional anatomical finding illustrated that in the absence of recent snowfall, there was an increased odds of sustaining a thoracic injury defined as severe in this patient population (OR = 10.4; 95% CI[1.62, 66.9]). Secondary research considerations detailed the variances in injury severity resulting from a collision when compared to a fall and the predilection for skiers to sustain increased lower extremity injuries when compared to snowboarders. Findings from this project may lead to positive social change as the increased understanding of predictive factors contributing to injury can be directly applied to further the current understanding of trauma care in this patient population. The benefits from this work may also extend to the public health arena through enhanced educational opportunities for skiers and snowboarders as well as enhanced resort safety initiatives tailored to the ambient conditions.
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Ogungbade, Gbadebo Ogundiran. "Social capital variables as predictors of HIV risk-taking behaviors among sub-Saharan African immigrants in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/815.
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Vulnerable populations, including immigrants, are often at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of their risk-taking behaviors. This study investigated risk-taking behavior for HIV infection among Sub-Saharan African (SSA) immigrants in United States. Using social capital as a theoretical foundation, the study aimed to address the question, is there any association between social capital assets of educational opportunity, employment, and eligibility for social assistance and HIV risk-taking behavior, defined as condom use before sex (CUBS) among SSA immigrant in the U.S? Potential participants were recruited through religious and social organizations in a southwestern US state. The survey generated 167 responses. The majority of the participants were Nigerians, single females, and Christians, with monthly income of more than {dollar}500.00. Analysis using Chi square statistic and unconditional logistic regression model showed that those without education opportunity were more likely to use condom but no significant association existed between social assistance opportunity and CUBS. Employed participants were 83 times more likely than those who were unemployed to use a condom before sex. Being employed was the strongest indicator of HIV risk-taking avoidance behavior among SSA immigrants in the U.S. This study provides insight into risk-taking behaviors among SSA immigrants. This information can be used by providers of services to immigrants and other vulnerable populations in the U.S., policy makers, and social advocacy groups that target HIV prevention. Implications for social change included the recognition of employment as a deterrent to HIV risk-taking behaviors among vulnerable populations.
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Paparone, Pamela A. "Leadership and Attitudes on Adopting Evidence-Based Practice for Influenza Vaccination." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1133.
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The United States has set a 90% benchmark for influenza vaccinations for healthcare personnel. Unfortunately, healthcare personnel fall far short of that mark with current rates as low as 62%. Low vaccination rates are responsible for influenza, nosocomial influenza, influenza-like illness, and mortality during influenza season. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to understand the relationship between leadership styles, attitudes towards evidence-based practice, and vaccination intention among New Jersey registered nurses (RNs). Diffusion of innovations theory was the theoretical foundation. The 3 instruments used were the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale, and Behavioral Intention Scales, which measured independent variables such as transformational leadership and attitudes toward evidence-based practice. Vaccination intent was the dependent variable. The results showed that transformational leadership was positively related to vaccination intent r(353) = .16, p < .01. There was no relationship between transactional leadership and vaccination intent r(353) = .01, p > .05 nor between attitudes toward evidence-based practice and vaccination intent r(353) = .09, p > .05. The implication of the study is that the effects of transformational leadership constitute a predictive tool to identify how an organization can increase vaccination rates among RNs. Implementing the recommendations of the study could promote social change by providing nursing leadership with tools to facilitate increased vaccination rates among health care personnel. Increasing vaccination rates for healthcare personnel will decrease vaccine-preventable illnesses and improve outcomes for hospitalized patients.
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Owen, Cherryl Marie. "Risk, morality and pleasure in practice : the constitution of narratives of risk in public and in private." Thesis, University of Derby, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/583168.
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Frankis, Jamie Scott. "Health promotion within a public sex environment : exploring sexual cultures, health and behaviours." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554312.
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This thesis collects together six peer review papers which i) examine the sexual (health) behaviours of men who 'cruise' public sex environments (PSEs) to engage in sex with men and ii) evaluate sexual health outreach conducted therein. It is based partly upon a year long, mixed methods evaluation of the 'Street Outreach Service', which provides sexual health promotion to men who have sex with men within one large PSE in southern England. The first chapter introduces this work, demonstrating the interrelationship of the submitted publications through a critical analysis. Chapter two presents our systematic review of quantitative PSE literature which, while suggesting high sexual health risks within PSEs, revealed serious methodological shortcomings of the established evidence base. Next, three quantitative data driven papers are presented which detail the results of our in situ PSE survey, which demonstrated far greater methodological rigour than previous quantitative research. In chapter three, the sexual risk behaviours, HIV testing and infection rates of PSE users are examined. High HIV testing and prevalence were found, along with patterns of sexual risk taking which highlighted the importance of in situ targeted HIV prevention. Chapter four considers the wider sexual health of PSE users focusing on their experiences of STIs other than HIV. Our study suggested that whilst PSEs do not represent centres of endemic STI transmission, users' sub-optimal STI clinic attendance and frequent sexual contacts may mask undiagnosed infection. Evaluating an established health promotion intervention precludes the generation of baseline data necessary for randomised controlled trial evaluation. Consequently, chapter five investigates the value of 'contact efficacy' to evaluate ongoing service provision where no baseline data exist, employing one-off, cross-sectional survey data. Contact efficacy provided a useful means to assess this established health intervention, though since causality cannot be inferred from the design, triangulation of results with other evaluative methodologies was recommended. Indeed, by bringing together survey, interview and systematic review data, this thesis demonstrates value of such triangulation. However quantifying the frequency of PSE sexual acts only confirms that behavioral risks occur. A more critical sexual health psychology argues that, in order to develop culturally appropriate health interventions, we need to understand both the social organisation in which such risks occur and the opportunities to negotiate sexual interactions therein. Therefore, the final two papers within this thesis focus on experiential aspects of PSE- based sexual health promotion, to explore the value of sexual cultures theory in understanding PSE behaviours and in situ health promotion. In chapter six, our systematic review of qualitative PSE research argues that a generic, shared PSE sexual culture emerges from the literature, across locations, countries and decades, due to the importance of concealment and common structural constraints upon PSEs sex. However, differences in local geography and facilities may transform key features of this, resulting in specific, local sexual cultures emerging for individual locales. The closing chapter analyses interviews with outreach workers, volunteers and PSE users to explore how respecting these local sexual cultures is central to the success of innovative in situ PSE sexual health promotion. In conclusion, the central argument of this thesis is that whilst PSEs likely represent sites of increased STI transmission through high partner availability and disassortative sexual mixing, sexual health outreach therein must respect the local sexual cultures for acceptability and success. Moreover, this work demonstrates the importance of, and strengthens the evidence base for, targeted PSE-based sexual health promotion.
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Holmes, Catherine Ann. "Healthy marketplaces : insights into policy, practice and potential for health promotion /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031031.160623/index.html.
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Schira, Norma. "A Survey of Health Promotion Activities of Health Systems Agencies." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1980.
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The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act. Public Law 93-641, the last major step in the regulation of the health care system, created a network of health system agencies and state level health planning agencies. Subsequent legislation, the Health Planning and Resources Development Amendment 1929, Public Law 96-79, amended 1974 Law and changed the role and function of health systems agencies to include more regulatory activities. By 1981, the activities of Health System Agencies were being curtained by the action of the Reagan administration.
The Health promotion/wellness movement which seeks to improve health has been developing as a compliment to medical medicine for several years. Previous research has determined that health systems agencies were active in health promotion and identified several planning and implementation activities related to this involvement. This is a survey of health systems agencies to determine their efforts in healthy promotions. Resources allocated to these activities, and opinions of the director relevant to agency involvement in health promotion.
All active healthy system agencies listed in the 1980. Directory of Health System Agencies (DHSH) were surveyed by a mailed questionnaire. Reponses were receive from 112 agencies (57%) and the respondents were found to be representative of the population.
The results revealed health systems agencies to be involved in health promotion. More than 90 percent of the responders listed some type of health promotion activity in their Healthy System Plans for the 1979-1980 planning year. Approximately half of the responders reported some community activity in health promotion. The majority of executive directors saw health systems agencies as being only moderately effective in controlling health care costs: considered healthy promotion as a viable means of controlling health care cost: and believed that modifications of individual life-styles had the greatest potential for improving health status.
The survey revealed that Healthy System Agencies did not restrict the wellness/health promotion activities to traditional health facilities, but were defining health broadly and working with a variety of agencies to develop services.
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Sawyer, Susan M., and n/a. "Anger is both a learned and learnable emotion." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.165537.
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Anger is an emotion sorely in need of an improved public profile. Its association with
overt violent aggression has masked its original purpose, namely, to be a useful and
motivating force to engineer our survival. An emotion designed to serve us well in the
face of injustice and threat has become the means by which injustice is perpetuated by
the strong and powerful, against the weak and vulnerable.
The expression of anger is often misguided, dysfunctional and misplaced with terrible
consequences for society, including road rage. Yet there is increasing evidence that the
suppression of anger is associated with negative health-related conditions including heart
disease, cancer, mental illness, substance abuse and eating disorders.
Evidence suggests that anger has a three-stage structure of socialised reactivity,
biological anger generation and environmentally acquired action and expression.
As a result of this six-year research study, ten key principles of anger expression have
emerged, suggesting that anger can be learned in both informal and formal institutional
education by both children and adults.
These principles were incorporated into a pilot program aimed to educate rather than
eliminate anger expression, in a health promotion program involving 25 self-selected
Canberra women. This program formed part of a wider study of acquired anger management experiences through questionnaires and in-depth interviews.
Results from the study are presented as a core of learned and learnable knowledge
about anger, as modules of information. These modules can be adapted and modified
for any learning forum, including schools, adult education, career-related education and
inservice training. Suggestions for the packaging of these component parts are provided,
together with guidelines for reaching target groups.
This thesis contends that each individual has the right to know and utilise this
information and can use anger to achieve beneficial outcomes for themselves. If anger
expression is inappropriate and dysfunctional, so will be its effects. If anger expression
is appropriate and functional, then it can have a positive and beneficial outcome.
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Layton, Beverly. "Effects of a Web-Based Decision Aid on African American Men's Prostate Screening Knowledge and Behavior." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/997.
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African American men have the highest prostate cancer occurrence and deaths of any population, yet many are unaware of screening opportunities or prognoses if diagnosed with the disease. The focus of this study was to learn whether a web-based prostate health education decision aid would increase prostate cancer knowledge, declared intention to be screened, and the likelihood of scheduling a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. The transtheoretical model of behavior change served as the theoretical framework for the study to assess readiness to adopt new behaviors. A total of 128 African American men between the ages of 40--65 without a history of prostate cancer participated in the study and were divided into 2 nonequivalent groups. The control group had 48 participants, and the intervention group had 80. After reviewing the web-based intervention, participants completed a demographic questionnaire, The Prostate Knowledge Questionnaire, and an Intent-to-Screen Tool. Mean differences in knowledge change were compared while adjusting for covariates using least squares regression. There was no significant improvement in the Prostate Knowledge Change score between the experimental and control groups. Therefore, the alternate hypothesis cannot be accepted. The social change implications suggest that the web-based decision aid studied in this project may not be the best tool to increase knowledge about prostate cancer screening. Therefore, more research is needed regarding ways to reach and inform African American men about the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening to foster informed decision making.
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Clyde, Tiffany Lura. "The Effects of Premarital Education Promotion Policies on U.S. Divorce Rates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7514.
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Previous research has documented the effects of divorce on children, families, communities, taxpayers, and society. Accordingly, local, state, and national governments have enacted policies aimed at strengthening marriages and reducing divorce. Currently, ten states have enacted some form of premarital education promotion policy. However, no research has documented whether the implementation of premarital education promotion policies has actually decreased the divorce rate in implementing states. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate empirically the effectiveness of premarital education policy implementation on reducing early divorce rates. Prior to running any empirical analyses, an implementation study was conducted to understand how effectively each state implemented the premarital education promotion policy. A combination of methods was used for this study including reviewing the legislative documents, reviewing archival records, as well as interviewing academics and key persons associated with the bill. Following the implementation study, an impact study was conducted to analyze the effects of the policies on the divorce rates. Divorce rate data were obtained from NCHS National Vital Statistics Reports (1988-2016). To assess the effects of premarital education policies, difference-in-difference estimation using state fixed effects was employed. The results of the implementation study suggest that while the policies had similarities in their language and intent, the majority of the states had little or no formal oversight and implementation of the policy. Results of the impact study suggest that effectively implementing a policy is significantly associated with a .5% in the divorce rate after controlling for all other variables in the model. I conclude with a discussion of the implementation and impact studies results as well as suggestions for future policy efforts and research
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Nichols, David, and david nichols@deakin edu au. "Leading lights: The promotion of garden suburb plans and planners in interwar Australia." Deakin University. School of Australian and International Studies, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061208.082527.
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This thesis explores interwar town planning in Australia, focusing on the period of large-scale urban expansion in the 1920s. It problematises aspects of Australias urban planning history, particularly the 1920s garden suburb. It also investigates the question of the use of international planning ideas in Australia, and the assertion or creation of authority by the Australian planning movement. The thesis additionally investigates the use of authoritative planning rhetoric for commercial or creative advantage.
The thesis argues that the majority of innovative planning projects in the interwar years took place in the formation and foundation of the garden suburb. It shows that the garden suburb assumed in much planning history to be an inferior form of Ebenezer Howards garden city ideal has, in fact, a number of precedents in 19th century Australian suburbia, some of which were retained in 20th century commercial estate design. Much of the Australian town planners authority at this time required recognition and awareness of the interests and needs of the general public, as negotiated through land vendors. As Australians looked to the future, and to the US for guidance, they were invited to invest in speculative real estate development modelled on this vision.
The thesis concentrates primarily on the lives, careers and work of the British-Australian architect-planner Sir John Sulman; the Chicagoan architect-planners Marion Mahony and Walter Burley Griffin; and the Australian surveyor-planner Saxil Tuxen. These individuals were among the most prominent planners in Australia in the interwar years. All designed Australian garden suburbs, and combined advocacy with practice in private and public spheres.
The thesis examines images and personas, both generic and individual, of the planner and the vendor. It shows that the formulation of the garden suburb and design practices, and the incorporation of international elements into Australian planning, are important in the creation of planning practice and forms. It also outlines the way these continue to have significant impact, in diverse and important ways, on both the contemporary built environment and planning history itself.
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Danis, Ajau. "Health communication and health literacy : participants perspectives on the PROSTAR Health Promotion Programme." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2006. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5800/.
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Parker, Carol A. "The lived experience of HIV-positive Tanzanian orphans." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/699.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to generate a context- specific model of the lived experience of HIV positive Tanzanian orphans. With the advent of anti-retroviral drugs, Sub-Saharan African populations with high burdens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) face annually accumulating increases in the number of HIV positive children, and ultimately adults. Perinatally infected, these children often become orphans while still young. Extended interviews were performed with a purposive sample of 12 HIV infected orphaned children between 9 and 12 years of age. Half of the research participants lived in an orphanage and half were children living with guardians in villages near Arusha, Tanzania. A phenomenological approach to data analysis was employed with the guidance of literature-based constructs of intrinsic traits and developed tools used by children to meet challenging life circumstances. Data demonstrated that disclosure of HIV and orphan status engendered widespread social consequence. The phenomenon also negatively affected the children's physical, material, and emotional quality of life. Even in the face of these challenges, participants demonstrated resilient and self-reliant coping mechanisms. Responses ranging from caretaker education to stigma reduction in the schools will help to meet the needs of these children. In addition, the information generated by this research will be a basis for beginning to examine the social change responses that will be necessary for Tanzanians in the healthcare, social service, and policymaking arenas to successfully integrate this new population group into all levels of society.
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Rodriguez, Ailin. "Cross-sectional Predictors of HIV Risk among Latino Migrant Workers." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3711.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between suspected predictors of current HIV risk, i.e. self-efficacy, social norms, expectancies, alcohol use, past HIV risk, past history sexual abuse, social support, and behavioral intention was investigated in a sample of Latino migrant workers living and working in the United States (N=270) using baseline data from a previous study.
A series of multiple regression analyses were performed by adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, educational attainment, and length of stay. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was associated with behavioral intention (β= 0.03, p= 0.04) and expectancies was associated with behavioral intention (β= -0.01, p = 0.04). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that past HIV risk was associated with the dependent variable, current HIV risk (β = 0.11, p= 0.01), while behavioral intention was associated with current HIV risk (β= -0.16, p= 0.02).
Bayesian path analyses showed behavioral intention to partially mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and current HIV risk (β= 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.38) and to fully mediate the relationship between AOD use and HIV risk (β= 0.11, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.26).
In summary, two socio-psychological factors emerged as significant predictors of HIV risk. Lower levels of behavioral intention and higher levels of past HIV risk were associated with higher current HIV risk. These findings are relevant for informing future studies on Latino migrant workers or similar populations and for planning interventions designed to prevent and/or reduce HIV risk.
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Henshaw, Atim. "Breaking the Silence| Postpartum Depression Among Reproductive-aged Women in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10623837.
Full textAbstract:
Postpartum depression (PPD) is internationally recognized as one of the most prevalent and severe but neglected maternal mental health complications of childbirth. Previous studies have indicated that there is a high burden of disease associated with PPD in both developed and developing countries. However, there remain gaps in the current literature regarding the recognition and management of PPD in remote parts of the developing world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs of health professionals towards PPD and examine the factors that either facilitated or hindered its recognition and management in a remote setting in Nigeria. The pen-3 cultural model was the conceptual framework used in this study. The study focused specifically on professionals with regard to the recognition and management of PPD in a rural hospital in Nigeria. Ten semi structured qualitative interviews were conducted with doctors and nurses from a rural hospital in Nigeria. Data were analyzed via phenomenological interpretative analysis. Results from the study revealed that health professionals in a remote setting in Nigeria have a working knowledge of PPD and perceived the condition as a serious public health concern, but were faced with numerous barriers from the institutional, organizational, and community level that hindered their ability to recognize and manage PPD in a timely manner. These results make an important contribution to the existing literature and can enhance social change initiatives through the enhancement of awareness of PPD, and the need for improvement of policies on comprehensive maternal mental health in remote parts of Nigeria.