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Academic literature on the topic 'Public Roads Bureau'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Public Roads Bureau"

1

Wong, Wai, and S. C. Wong. "Network topological effects on the macroscopic Bureau of Public Roads function." Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 12, no. 3 (2016): 272–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2015.1129650.

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Das, Aathira K., and Bhargava Rama Chilukuri. "Link Cost Function and Link Capacity for Mixed Traffic Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (2020): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120926454.

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Link cost function and link capacity are critical factors in traffic assignment modeling. Popular link cost functions like the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function have well-known drawbacks and are not suitable for mixed traffic conditions where a variety of vehicle classes use the road in a non-lane-based movement. Similarly, capacity is generally considered as a constant value. However, in mixed traffic conditions, capacity is not constant, but a function of vehicle class composition. Toward addressing these issues, this paper proposes a link cost function in relation to link travel time and link capacity in relation to vehicular traffic flow for mixed traffic conditions. The functions are developed based on the kinematic wave model, which is popularly used for estimating traffic dynamics on the roads. The developed link cost function and link capacity use field measurable parameters that incorporate mixed traffic features. The functions are validated against empirical data obtained from 12 signal cycles from two different signalized intersections in Chennai, India, representing different scenarios of mixed traffic, and it was found that the results match well with the empirical data.
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Wang, Xue, Huiting Yu, Chan Nie, Yanna Zhou, Haiyan Wang, and Xiuquan Shi. "Road traffic injuries in China from 2007 to 2016: the epidemiological characteristics, trends and influencing factors." PeerJ 7 (August 6, 2019): e7423. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7423.

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Background Road traffic accidents are one of the serious disasters that cause public injury, fatality and great economic loss. They are a growing public health problem around the world. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine epidemiological characteristics, tendency and possible influencing factors of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in China, so as to give target suggestions on preventative measures. Methods Road traffic accident data were obtained from National Bureau of Statistics of China and Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. Descriptive statistic such as RTIs frequency, trends of different accident types from 2007 to 2016; the RTIs difference between different regions and road surfaces were compared; and the possible influencing factors of RTIs were also explored. Results Over the past decade, with the mileage of constructed highway increased, the frequency of road traffic accidents have declined substantially in China, and the death toll from road traffic accidents with motor vehicles has declined from 2007 to 2015, Conversely, the number of deaths from non-motor vehicle accidents has risen rapidly since 2012. Our study showed that the traffic accident related mortality in Guizhou province was different from the level of the whole nation, and the Eastern, Central and Western areas of China were all significantly different (P < 0.001). Linear regression suggested a significant affected of gross domestic product (GDP)-per-capita, education level, the number of health institutions, populations, and car ownership status on traffic accident death tolls (P < 0.001). Moreover, cement concrete pavement roads were associated with the highest occurrence rates of RTI, and RTIs was statistically significant (P < 0.001) on different road surfaces. Conclusion Even though the frequency of road traffic accidents has declined, RTIs remain an urgent public health problem in China. Thus, the government should give some target preventative measures to reduce RTIs, aiming at different regions, the increasing trend of the death toll related to non-motor vehicles and the highest occurrence on cement concrete pavement roads.
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Leong, Lee Vien, and Kwang Yew Tan. "Volume-Delay Function in Trip Assignment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.351.

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Four-stage demand models are the most popular travel demand forecasting models. Trip assignment which is the last stage in the four-stage demand modelling is a key element in travel demand forecasting process. Traffic assignment model is used to assign travel demands into the road network and predict network flows that are associated with future planning scenarios based on the estimates of link travel times. In order to calculate travel time between origin and destination, a function presenting the relationship between link delays and link flows is used. This function is known as Volume-Delay Function (VDF) and it is the fundamental component of equilibrium trip assignment models. This study aims to investigate and improve VDFs for heterogeneous traffic at different type of arterial roads in Malaysia by using the road network in Balik Pulau, Penang as a case study. Primary data such as traffic volume and speed are collected at three types of arterial roads, which are the principal arterial, minor arterial and collectors to derive the parameters required in the VDFs. In this study, the most well-known and most widely-used volume-delay function which is known as the BPR function developed by the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads was investigated and calibrated using the transportation planning software, EMME 4.1.3. The calibrated functions are then validated with field data. The output from this research is very important as better understanding of VDFs can produce better estimate of link travel times and hence better planning for future scenarios.
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Zeng, Ming Hua, Xi Yan Huang, Ni Dong, and Xiao Guang Yang. "Inefficiency of Stackelberg Stochastic Traffic Network with Tax Scheme." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1044.

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Inefficiency upper bounds are explored in stochastic traffic network. Equilibrium flow pattern therein is deduced by a central Stackelberg strategy and tax schemes imposed on each link.. The equivalent variational inequality (VI) for Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) model is established and first used to obtain upper bounds on Stackelberg network inefficiency under the assumption of separable, nondecreasing, and convex link time function and of fixed network origin-destination (OD) demand. For typical Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) functions and its affine forms, the upper bounds of their inefficiency are investigated with some meaningful results.
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Yun, Seongsoon, Wade W. White, Daniel R. Lamb, and Yongqiang Wu. "Accounting for the Impact of Heavy Truck Traffic in Volume–Delay Functions in Transportation Planning Models." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1931, no. 1 (2005): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193100102.

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Truck traffic accounts for a substantial fraction of the traffic stream in many regions and is often the source of localized traffic congestion. This paper presents the analysis and findings that recommend updated volume–delay relationships for transportation planning models that account for total volume, roadway capacity, and the mix of heavy truck traffic. The traditional Bureau of Public Roads function representing the speed–flow relationships for roadway facilities is modified to include the impact of truck traffic specifically. Several new speed–flow functions based on microsimulation results for freeways and urban arterials have been developed.
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Zeng, Xing, Xuefeng Guan, Huayi Wu, and Heping Xiao. "A Data-Driven Quasi-Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model Integrating Multi-Source Traffic Sensor Data on the Expressway Network." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030113.

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Static traffic assignment (STA) models have been widely utilized in the field of strategic transport planning. However, STA models cannot fully represent the dynamic road conditions and suffer from inaccurate assignment during traffic congestion. At the same time, an increasing number of installed sensors have become an important means of detecting dynamic road conditions. To address the shortcomings of STA models, we integrate multi-source traffic sensor datasets and propose a novel data-driven quasi-dynamic traffic assignment model, named DQ-DTA. In this model, records of toll stations are used for time-varying travel demand estimation. GPS trajectory datasets of vehicles are further used to calculate the dynamic link costs of the road network, replacing the imprecise Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function. Moreover, license plate recognition (LPR) data are used to design a statistical probability-based multipath assignment method to capture travelers’ route choices. The expressway network in the Hunan province is selected as the study area, and several classic STA models are also chosen for performance comparison. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed DQ-DTA model is about 6% higher than that of the chosen STA models.
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Kajalić, Jelena, Nikola Čelar, and Stamenka Stanković. "Travel Time Estimation on Urban Street Segment." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, no. 1 (2018): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i1.2473.

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Level of service (LOS) is used as the main indicator of transport quality on urban roads and it is estimated based on the travel speed. The main objective of this study is to determine which of the existing models for travel speed calculation is most suitable for local conditions. The study uses actual data gathered in travel time survey on urban streets, recorded by applying second by second GPS data. The survey is limited to traffic flow in saturated conditions. The RMSE method (Root Mean Square Error) is used for research results comparison with relevant models: Akcelik, HCM (Highway Capacity Manual), Singapore model and modified BPR (the Bureau of Public Roads) function (Dowling - Skabardonis). The lowest deviation in local conditions for urban streets with standardized intersection distance (400-500 m) is demonstrated by Akcelik model. However, for streets with lower signal density (<1 signal/km) the correlation between speed and degree of saturation is best presented by HCM and Singapore model. According to test results, Akcelik model was adopted for travel speed estimation which can be the basis for determining the level of service in urban streets with standardized intersection distance and coordinated signal timing under local conditions.
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Zhang, Junjie, Miaomiao Liu, and Bin Zhou. "Analytical Model for Travel Time-Based BPR Function with Demand Fluctuation and Capacity Degradation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5916479.

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This study presents a stochastic model based on the link performance function of the Bureau of Public Roads to assess the reliability of travel time in the transportation network. Empirical studies have verified that the variability of travel time can be ascribed to demand fluctuation and the degradation of the capacity of the stochastic network. The mean-variance approach in previous research presented the budget model of travel time, with the capacity of the stochastic network and elastic demand as the sources of uncertainty of travel time. Previous research was devoted to the study of estimation of travel time considering a single factor or a factor independent of these two sources. Meanwhile, this study introduces the current degeneration coefficient of capacity (CDC) and the density distribution function of road section saturation (DDFS) with simultaneous network capacity and traffic demand. Sensitivity analysis method for the parameters of the proposed model is investigated theoretically using the sensitivity model of traffic capacity degradation. Results of case analysis show that the DDFS and CDC have an effect on the decision of travelers regarding the choice of route. The empirical analysis also illustrates the effectiveness of the computational approach and the proposed model.
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Guo, Jingni, Junxiang Xu, and Wei Liao. "Risk control of the cascading failure of multimodal transport network considering uncertain disturbance factors1." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (2020): 7693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200968.

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The multimodal transport network in the region with complex environment and being easily affected by disturbance factors is used as the research object in our work. The characteristics of the cascading failure of such multimodal transport network were analyzed. From the perspective of network load redistribution, the risk control methods for the cascading failure of the multimodal transport network were investigated. This research aims to solve the problem that traditional load redistribution methods usually ignore the original-destination (OD) constraint and uncertain risks. The conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) was improved based on the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) road impedance function to quantify the uncertainty of the disturbance factors. A nonlinear programming model was established with the generalized travel time as the objective function. A parallelly-running cellular ant colony algorithm was designed to solve the model. Empirical analysis was conducted on the multimodal transport network in Sichuan-Tibet region of China. The results of the empirical analysis verified the applicability of the proposed load redistribution method to such kind of regions and the effectiveness of the algorithm. This research provides theoretical basis and practical reference for the risk control of the cascading failure of multimodal transport networks in some regions.
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Books on the topic "Public Roads Bureau"

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Radler, Barry. Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Bureau of Highway Operations 1997 highway operations customer satisfaction survey. Wisconsin Survey Research Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Extension, 1997.

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Building the American highway system: Engineers as policy makers. Temple University Press, 1987.

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Naske, Claus-M. Alaska's inclusion in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956: The work of the Bureau of Public Roads and the transition to statehood : final report. State of Alaska, Dept. of Transportation and Public Facilities, Division of Planning and Research, 1987.

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Maine. Legislature. Office of Program Evaluation and Government Accountability. Highway fund eligibility at the Department of Public Safety: An analysis of select departmental activities : final report. Office of Program Evaluation & Government Accountability of the Maine State Legislature, 2007.

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Bacani, Cesar S. Raiders of the Philippine treasury: The inside story of the 1978 Cebu Highways anomaly. C.S. Bacani and B.L. Cailao, 1990.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Cody Field Office. Environmental assessment for the McCullough Peaks travel management plan and off-road vehicle (ORV) route designations. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming State Office, 2004.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend an act intituled: "An act respecting the Bureau of Agriculture and agricultural societies". Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend an act intituled, "An act respecting the bureau of agriculture and agricultural societies". Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Restore Stability and Predictability to the Annual Payments Made to States and Counties Containing National Forest System Lands and Public Domain Lands Managed by the Bureau of Land Management for Use by the Counties for the Benefit of Public Schools, Roads, and Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to extend the provisions of chapter thirty-two of the Consolidated statutes of Canada, with respect to the bureau of agriculture. S. Derbishire & G. Desbarats, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public Roads Bureau"

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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "The Census and Public Health." In Pained. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0010.

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This chapter describes the importance of the census for public health. The US Constitution mandates that each resident of the country be counted at least every 10 years. As the 2020 census approached, the Trump administration launched an effort to meddle with how to perform this head count, by adding a question about citizenship to the census. This move was roundly criticized by the Census Bureau’s Scientific Advisory committee and became the target of lawsuits. It looked very much like an attempt to depress the 2020 population count in immigrant-rich and predominantly Democratic areas, in advance of redistricting in 2021. Accurate census data are critical for the public's health. These data drive federal grants to states for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. They guide disaster response and disease outbreak planning. Moreover, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses census information to locate geographic areas with low education levels and high poverty rates, so as to expand screening and outreach programs. Thus, these data inform the building of roads, schools, and health centers. As such, political moves to influence the census is a matter of great concern for public health.
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Turner, Grace. "St. Matthew’s Northern Burial Ground." In Honoring Ancestors in Sacred Space. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400202.003.0005.

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St. Matthew’s Parish was created in the 1790s to accommodate the increased population with the migration of Loyalist refugees to the Bahamas. Several new cemeteries were also established but these were not formally consecrated until 1826, shortly after a bishop was appointed for the Anglican Diocese of Jamaica, which included the Bahamas. The Northern Burial Ground was especially for blacks, enslaved and free. Based on the documentation of the consecration, it seemed that the Northern Burial Ground was only established in the 1790s. Loyalist immigrants acted to impose more strict code of racial segregation in the colony than had existed prior to their arrival. The Northern Burial Ground is on the main road leading into the town so the African-derived grave treatments in this cemetery served as a public declaration of the cultural affiliation of this community. By the late nineteenth century the cemetery was surrounded by a low wall topped with a wooden fence that would have shielded the articles on graves from passersby. The cemetery was used until the early 1900s. Hurricane storm surges covered it in the 1920s, and in the 1930s a sidewalk was built through the site but there was no public protest at this destruction.
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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Tragedy of the Playground." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0016.

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“Recreation” connotes revitalization, the re-creation of spirit. In an increasingly urbanized culture, people recreate in natural settings to lift their spirits and revitalize their outlook and motivation. Public lands in the western United States, which embrace much of the nation’s remaining natural and wild areas, are especially attractive—and most are open for recreation. We authors certainly have found solace from camping, hiking, climbing, and skiing in backcountry areas. But latetwentieth- century American affluence has created a massive and unprecedented invasion of these lands, and particularly an invasion of motorized recreation. All human uses of natural areas can, and generally do, degrade soils, kill plants, and increase erosion rates, with resultant water pollution and ecosystem damage. In small numbers, and spread out widely, recreational disturbances can be minor, but millions of people regularly play on western public lands in mass gatherings that have large cumulative impacts. More now drive vehicles across forested or desert areas than pursue the less-damaging activities of hiking and small-group camping. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service (USFS) oversee the largest amount of western land available for recreation. By law, the agencies must manage public lands for multiple uses and “sustained yield.” Instead, federal land-management agencies are partitioning them to separate incompatible pursuits, including many that consume land. For example, as logging, mining, and grazing pressures ease, recreational pressures are exploding in Colorado’s White River National Forest, a short 50 miles west of Denver on Interstate Highway 70. Along with Denver’s increasing population, snowmobile registrations jumped 70% in Colorado since 1985. Off-road vehicles (ORVs) are everywhere, and mountain bike use has jumped more than 200%. Between 1990 and 2004, all ORV registrations in Colorado increased more than 650%. Ski facilities also burgeoned, along with hiker and equestrian demands for greater backcountry access. The USFS’s efforts to bring the conflicting uses under control is losing ground rapidly.
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Singh, Amanpreet, Prem Chhetri, and Rajiv Padhaye. "Understanding the Port-Centric Logistics Clusters." In Innovative Solutions for Implementing Global Supply Chains in Emerging Markets. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9795-9.ch017.

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Port-centric logistics clusters are considered as intermodal gateways and/or hubs of international trade, which connect national economies with global production networks. These clusters are spatial agglomeration of logistics related interconnected and interdependent companies. Singapore, Dubai and Rotterdam are world class exemplary of port-centric logistics clusters. The formation of these clusters is a derivative of conducive business environment generated within a geographically defined area. Despite the recognition of port-centric approach to economic development there is insufficient evidence to empirically assess the functional and spatial characteristics of port centric logistics clusters. There is also disagreement on three key questions: how port-centric logistics clusters are defined and identified, what industry types do they constitute and what methods are appropriate to delineate the boundary of port centric logistics cluster. In this paper, a spatial approach is adopted to geographically delineate the spatial congregation of port-centric logistics employment using three major container ports in Australia. Using the Census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS 2006), analysis has been conducted on employment data containing information about where people work and what industry they work within the close vicinity of case study seaports. The results show that the spatial extent Australian port centric logistics clusters, which tend to vary both in size and shape. Overall size of employment in port-related industries in Australia has grown substantially. Road freight is dominating industry in the port-centric logistics cluster with a contribution of 23.02% and 37.54% in 2001 and 2006 respectively. The range of port-centric logistics cluster in Melbourne is towards western suburbs and in Botany Bay the port-centric logistics cluster is discerned mainly around eastern suburbs and in Brisbane the spread of port-centred logistics cluster is towards southeast inner Brisbane and Northwest Inner Brisbane suburbs. This shows the impact of land use consolidation by the State Government in their effort to boost transport and warehousing employment closer to Australian container ports. The establishment of port-centric logistics clusters, we argue, could mean the opportunities for organisations to achieve agglomeration economies, increase rivalry among organizations to promote competition, access to greater pool of customers, availability of skilled labour force, closer proximity between customers and supplier, sharing of public infrastructure and resources, increased inter-firm interactions, and knowledge spill-over.
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