Academic literature on the topic 'Public Sector Development Programme (Tonga)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public Sector Development Programme (Tonga)"
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Clarke, Marilyn. "Building employability through graduate development programmes." Personnel Review 46, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 792–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-12-2015-0321.
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Purpose Graduate development programmes are a well-established strategy for recruiting graduates into the sector at the start of a lifetime public service career. There are indications, however, that public sector careers are becoming less secure and less long term in keeping with overall career trends across all sectors, a trend that has seen the emergence of employment contracts based on employability rather than job security. The purpose of this paper is to explore a graduate development programme offered by a state-based Australian public sector organisation to identify the extent to which it reflects and supports the shift to an employability-based contract from the perspective of programme participants. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants from three intakes of a public sector graduate development programme. Data were analysed through identification of first- and second-order themes as well as cross-case comparison. Findings Findings indicate that the one-year development programme partially supports an employability-based contract. The organisation could not promise ongoing employment and job security but did assist participants to develop skills and competencies for the future through its formal training and development programme. Work unit support for employability was, however, much more variable and depended to a large extent on line managers. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted in a single organisation and only included current and past programme participants who were still employed in the public sector. Practical implications The success of the programme was largely dependent on job placement and level of line manager support. Addressing these areas through better programme design and management can support the development of future leaders through opportunities for enhanced employability. Originality/value The study extends current research on employability by exploring how a public sector organisation provides support for graduates in a developmental programme from a participant perspective.
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Walker, Roddy. "Investigating the influence of a leadership development programme within the Danish public sector." Tidsskrift for Professionsstudier 12, no. 23 (August 29, 2016): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfp.v12i23.96756.
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The article outlines the approach taken in an ongoing PhD study, investigating organisational influences of a diploma programme in leadership offered to employees within the Danish public sector. The intention is to considerthe implications of wider societal conditions and organisational contexts, rather than solely focusing on events taking place on-site in the development programme. By undertaking a multi- sited ethnography and adopting a case study approach, individual trajectories of participation through the programme become traceable, training focus on individual leaders’ iterative movement between the organisational and educational practices, and the manner in which they translate between these contexts.
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Mehdi, Istaqbal. "Privatization-A Device for Reforming Public Enterprise Sector in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 4II (December 1, 1991): 895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i4iipp.895-905.
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Privatization as an instrument for development is rmding significant currency in industrial and developing countries throughout the world. 1YPically, its need arises from the concerns over efficiency with which the state can manage public enterprises (PEs) or large and growing claims of these enterprises on national budgets. In Pakistan its need emanates from both. Barring a few years in the early 1970s, the policy of development through private enterprise remained the mainstay of the Government of Pakistan (GOP) economic policy throughout the four decades of the country's life. In fact, a policy of privatization i.e., transferring public assets to the private sector control remained an enunciated policy in the 1950s and the 1960s, which was again adopted in the late 1970s. However· it was not until late the 1980s that concerted efforts were mounted to breath life into the moribund programme of privatization. In developing a programme for privatization the question faced by us concern the size of the existing PE sector, its performance, constraints in and prerequisite for privatization. The most important question is can we privatize all PEs, if not, then what productivity enhancing measures can we take for enterprises which cannot be privatized in the immediate future.
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Serema, Marguerite Margie, Dr Sadrag Panduleni Shihomeka, and Rakel Kavena Shalyefu. "Adoption and Utilisation of Workplace E-Learning Practices in the Public Sector Organisations: A Systematic Review." Journal of Learning for Development 10, no. 3 (November 17, 2023): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v10i3.944.
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The e-learning concept is increasingly receiving attention in education but there seems to be inadequate guidance in developing a formal programme for implementing e-learning, especially in the public sector. Hence, this study focuses on aggregating information on the adoption and utilisation of e-learning in the public sector and attempting the development of a conceptual model for understanding workplace e-learning implementation. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to collect all the literature addressing the adoption and utilisation of e-learning in the public sector. This review brought to light key factors that influence the adoption and utilisation of e-learning amongst public sector employees, including attitude, satisfaction, behaviour intention, continuance intention, or behaviour to use e-learning. The adoption and utilisation of e-learning in the public sector requires a carefully thought-through and evidence-based approach, especially the development of the e-learning programme.
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Fatima, Jabeen, and Muhammad Naseer Ud Din. "Evaluative Study Of M.A. Education Programmes Of Teacher Education At Higher Education Level In Pakistan." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 3, no. 12 (January 6, 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v3i12.921.
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The study was aimed at evaluating the MA Education Programme of teacher education in Pakistan. Post-graduate teacher’s training institutes in Pakistan grant the Master of Education (MA/M.Ed.), Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph D) post-graduate degrees in the field of education to enhance the careers and accelerate the professional development of educators. The population of the study was all heads and teachers of education departments of public sector universities and government colleges of education and prospective teachers enrolled in public sector universities and government colleges where the Master degree of Education (MA Education) programme was offered. The sample of 20 heads of public sector universities and government colleges of education, 56 teacher educators of 10 public sector universities and 10 government colleges of education, and 200 prospective teachers enrolled in public sector universities and government colleges of education departments, where the Master degree of Education (M.A./M.Ed.) was offered in Pakistan, was selected through cluster random sampling. For the collection of data, three questionnaires - one each for heads of institutions, teacher educators and prospective teachers - were developed. For analysis, chi-square as the contingency test, was applied for identifying the trends from the frequency of responses of each questionnaire item. It was concluded that the teaching faculty of the MA education programme was using a variety of teaching methods according to the nature of objectives, content and students. Evaluation systems for students of the MA education programme were found satisfactory. It is recommended that required changes be introduced in admission criteria, curriculum, duration of degree programme, teaching-practice, research work, rewards and incentives of existing MA Education Programme in Pakistan.
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Siddiqui, Rizwana. "Quantifying the Impact of Development of the Transport Sector in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 779–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.779-802.
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An efficient transport system is not only a pre-requisite for economic development but is also important to achieve the objective of economic integration in the world economy. Insufficient transport infrastructure results in congestion, delay delivery time, fuel waste, pollution and accident1 which built inefficiencies in the economy and costs the economy 4 to 6 percent of GDP each year [Shah (2006)and World Bank (2007)], which can be saved by investing in transport services. Realising its importance, the government of Pakistan has initiated National Trade Corridor Improvement Programme (NTCIP) in 2005 to improve logistic and transport infrastructure so that it can fulfill the demand of economy more efficiently. This five years programme includes all sectors that improve performance of corridor-high way namely, road transport, railways, airports, and ships etc. The objective of the programme is to reduce the cost of doing business and improve quality of services. The study quantifies the efficiency of transport sector by evaluating the impact of public investment to improve transport services on the economy in general and on cost of land transportation in particular; i.e., cost of freight and passenger movement and cost of externalities such as congestion, air pollution and accident. The outcome of the study depends on how improved facility is achieved, i.e., who bears the cost and who benefits etc. This paper assumes tax financed public investment that not only change domestic price and demand, but also welfare and poverty. The issue is analysed in computable general equilibrium framework taking into account inter linkages of transport sector with rest of the economy. First, a social accounting matrix (SAM) is developed with a detailed transport module. Then, a dynamic CGE model is developed around this SAM and simulations are conducted for short run and long run analysis of public investment in trans port sector.
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Toncea, Nicolae-Mihail, Andrei Stan, and Octavian Cristea. "Romanian Public-Funded Research And Development Activities In The Space Sector." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 756–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0127.
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Abstract Romania achieved full membership within ESA (European Space Agency) in 2011 and is actually involved in several European flagship space programmes. The “National Strategy for Space and Related Fields” is a strategic project funded through the Romanian Space Technology and Advanced Research Program (STAR), which is implemented by a consortium coordinated by IAROM S.A. One of the project goals is to identify national space- related technological capabilities and possible niches for Romania within the European space industry, as well as to identify cooperation opportunities within the mandatory and optional ESA programs. This paper presents an overview of the areas of expertise covered by projects contracted in 2012 and 2013 in the framework of the national space research and development programme. The paper does not cover industrial space contracts since they contain sensitive information.
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Inkinen, Tommi. "Best practices of the Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 6, no. 2 (May 25, 2012): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506161211246917.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to classify the best practices selected by the “Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme” with a framework that includes four segments: technology, supply, demand, and spatial impact scale. These segments are elemental parts of service development processes, the best of which are classified into seven distinct categories: Telecommunications; Citizen Readiness; Education and Research; Working Life; Public Sector Electronic Services; Social and Health Care; and Electronic Commerce.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical material includes the best practices as defined by the Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme 2003‐2007. The best practices were analyzed through their project descriptions. The data were classified with textual content analysis into categories that were further analyzed numerically. The tools of statistical analysis included cross‐tabulations and chi‐square tests.FindingsThe results reveal differentiation among the best practices. The majority of service development concerns applications and software. However, physical infrastructure development was also present in the largest cities. Public sector organizations produced more than half of all of the best practices selected. Public‐private partnerships were also common, and the majority of service development was targeted to the national level.Research limitations/implicationsThe best practices analyzed illustrate the view of the Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme. Consequently, the analysis highlights the values of the policy program. The data include only a small segment of on‐going development activity and represents a case study and therefore it is limited to the Finnish and Nordic context.Originality/valueThis paper uses a unique primary data set. The results obtained reflect the originality of the study and clearly provide sufficient grounds to consider electronic service development. The results are also transferable to public sector decision makers dealing with regional policies and development.
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Zhalil, Gulmira, and Gulzada Duishebaeva. "Strengthening the human resource potential as a basis for the development of the potable water supply and disposal sector of the Kyrgyz Republic." BIO Web of Conferences 107 (2024): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410705003.
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This article addresses the issue of development of the Professional and technical development programme for drinking water supply and disposal sector of the Kyrgyz Republic as a strategic document aimed to strengthen the human resource capacity of the sector and to create due conditions for its successful realisation. The programme was developed on the basis of evaluation of the training needs and the institutional potential, with the use of such research methods as desk review of documents, questioning, focus group discussions and in-depth interviewing. The programme envisages involvement of all concerned parties in facilitation of people’s access to drinking water: public authorities, potable water supply and disposal providers, international donors, educational organisations and other partners.
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Che Abdul, Amir Faisal, and Suhaimi Mhd Sarif. "A SURVEY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA: PUBLIC PRACTITIONERS' PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Economics and Sustainability 5, no. 2 (July 25, 2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jes2023.5.2.1.
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This study aims to determine the importance of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programs as perceived by public practitioners in Malaysia. Other than that, we examine the differences in perceptions between groups of public practitioners, particularly from the PPP unit, the Ministry of Finance (MOF), and implementing ministries/agencies pertaining to the same matter. The study also explores public practitioners' opinions on the program's weaknesses and possible improvements for future undertakings. A questionnaire survey was utilised to elicit the perceptions of public practitioners concerning the importance of the PPP programme. Here, 106 usable responses were obtained and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to rank the programme’s important rationale. Subsequently, it examines the differences in perceptions between groups through descriptive statistics, mean scores, and Kruskal-Wallis test analysis. Subjective responses have also been elicited to obtain respondents’ input on the weaknesses of the PPP programme and suggestions for future improvement. The results reveal that the crucial reason for PPP is to enhance private sector participation in economic development. Furthermore, overall responses suggest that every 14-rationale inquiry is either moderately important, important, or strongly important, with reasons relating to economic growth and development becoming the leading objective for PPP. Apart from that, the findings indicate no significant differences in perception among groups of respondents in the public sector. For the subjective responses, some respondents have highlighted many valuable inputs, and some require further qualitative research to analyse the issue independently.
Books on the topic "Public Sector Development Programme (Tonga)"
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Tonga. Central Planning Dept. Review of the strategic development plan Seven Public Sector Development Programme (2002/03-2004/05). Kingdom of Tonga: Central Planning Dept., 2004.
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Pakistan. Planning and Development Division., ed. Public sector development programme, 2004-05. Islamabad: Govt. of Pakistan, Planning & Development Division, 2004.
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Shuma, Godfred J. Draft public investment programme, 1996/97-1998/99 sea transport sector: Government of Tonga, Ministry of Marine and Ports. [Vanuatu]: United Nations ESCAP Pacific Operations Centre, 1996.
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Review of the Strategic Development Plan Seven, Public Sector Development Programme (2002/03-2004/05). Kingdom of Tonga: Central Planning Department, 2004.
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Public sector development programme, 2004-05. Islamabad: Govt. of Pakistan, Planning & Development Division, 2004.
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Review of the strategic development plan seven public sector development programme ... Kingdom of Tonga: Central Planning Dept., 2004.
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Monitoring of development projects in the Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP): Irrigation and water sector. Lilongwe: Ministry of Development Planning and Cooperation, 2009.
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Review of the Strategic Development Plan Seven, Public Sector Development Programme (2001/02-2003/04). Kingdom of Tonga: Central Planning Dept., 2003.
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Razeq, Z. UNDP's Engagement with the Private Sector, 1994-2011. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2014.
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Foreign assistance: Enterprise funds' contributions to private sector development vary : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public Sector Development Programme (Tonga)"
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Irvine, Lucy C. "Selling Beautiful Births: The Use of Evidence by Brazil’s Humanised Birth Movement." In Global Maternal and Child Health, 199–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84514-8_11.
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AbstractMaternal health care continues to be excessively medicalised in many national health systems. Global, national, and local level policy initiatives seek to normalise low-risk birth and optimise the use of clinical interventions, informed by strong evidence supporting care that is centred on women’s preferences and needs. Challenges remain in translating evidence into practice in settings where care is primarily clinician-led and hospital-based, such as in Brazil.I conducted an ethnography of the movement for humanised care in childbirth in São Paulo between 2015 and 2018. I draw on interviews and focus groups with movement members (including mothers, doulas, midwives, obstetricians, politicians, programme leads, and researchers), and observations in health facilities implementing humanised protocols, state health council meetings, and key policy fora (including conferences, campaigning events, and social media). Key actors in this movement have been involved in the development and implementation of evidence-based policy programmes to “humanise” childbirth. Scientific evidence is used strategically alongside rights-based language, such as “obstetric violence”, to legitimise moral and ideological aims. When faced with resistance from pro-c-section doctors, movement members make use of other strategies to improve access to quality care, such as stimulating demand for humanised birth in the private health sector. In Brazil, this has led to a greater public awareness of the risks of the excessive medicalisation of birth but can reinforce existing inequalities in access to high-quality maternity care. Lessons might be drawn that have wider relevance in settings where policymakers are trying to reduce iatrogenic harm from unnecessary interventions in childbirth and for supporters of normal birth working to reduce barriers to access to midwifery-led, woman-centred care.
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"Building the evidence base: the contribution of the Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme (England)." In Public Health Evidence, edited by Christine McGuire, 83–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520832.003.0007.
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Abstract The evidence base for public health interventions is not static and a wide range of agencies at local, national, and international level have a role in its development. At national level, research councils and voluntary sector research funders are major players. Government departments are also important funders of public health research, occupying a unique position between the research community and the needs of national policymakers and agencies engaged in service delivery.
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Fenton, Rachel A., and Helen L. Mott. "The Intervention Initiative: theoretical underpinnings, development and implementation." In Gender Based Violence in University Communities, 169–88. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336570.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the theoretical underpinnings, development and implementation of The Intervention Initiative (TII), a public health intervention toolkit developed at the University of the West of England for use by all universities in the prevention of sexual and domestic violence (SDV). TII is an evidence-based programme predicated on bystander theories, social norms theory, the criteria for effective prevention programming, and the transtheoretical model of behaviour change (TTM). The chapter first considers intermediate outcome measures (for example, sexist attitudes, denial of violence as a problem, knowledge about violence) that can be used to evaluate bystander programmes for university settings. It then discusses the evidence base and the theoretical rationale for TII to demonstrate how it takes participants through each stage of change required for bystanders to intervene. It also offers policy recommendations for further implementation of the programme in the context of current agendas for the university sector.
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Ang, Hak Seng, and Pak Tee Ng. "Knowledge Management in the Public Service." In Knowledge Management and Drivers of Innovation in Services Industries, 41–54. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0948-8.ch005.
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In the knowledge economy, Knowledge Management (KM) has gained strategic importance in management agenda in many organizations, including those in the service industries. This chapter presents the case study of the Singapore Health Promotion Board (HPB), as a study of how KM can be harnessed to improve public sector performance in an area where bottom-line performance is hard to define. By analysing the development of the HPB’s “Healthier Hawker Programme,” the case study examines the HPB’s journey in using increasingly sophisticated KM processes, tools, and techniques. The experiences and lessons learnt during the HPB’s KM journey are analysed and presented using the Learning with Knowledge (LK) Cycle, a model that is useful to the formation of an ontology for analytic discussion and the implementation of KM.
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Cărăuşan, Mihaela V. "Exploring Sustainable Development Goals in Master’s Degree Programmes: An Emphasis on Public Administration Studies in European Countries." In Innovation and Evolution in Tertiary Education [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005533.
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This chapter investigates the link between sustainable development goals (SDGs) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) studies across European countries. Beyond the conventional discourse surrounding master’s degree programmes, our focus extends to the imperative role of MPA education in fostering a comprehensive understanding of SDGs among future top management employees in the public sector. While there is a high emphasis on private sector initiatives and business education’s role in sustainable development, the critical role of public services and the state’s capacity is overlooked. The research question addressed is how to enhance the future state’s capacity to promote SDGs and establish an effective, sustainable administration. Through a comprehensive analysis of the Web of Science Core Collection, we will explore the use of the central term ‘SDG’ and related topics within the papers on the European education field. Additionally, we will examine master’s degree presentations across various universities in the States participating in the Horizon Programme. We mainly focus on understanding the incorporation of SDG-related content in Romanian universities’ diploma supplements. Besides the literature review, we will use content analysis techniques to categorise and evaluate the data gathered from the Web of Science database and master’s degree presentations.
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Metaxiotis, Kostas. "A Framework for Knowledge Management in E-Government." In Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology, 508–19. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-857-4.ch047.
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E-government, driven by an ever-increasing and pervasive use of information and communication technologies, is affecting the public sector more and more (Bannister, 2005; Eyob, 2004; Metaxiotis & Psarras, 2004). Many governments across the globe have resorted to instituting e-government initiatives as a way of better positioning themselves in the Information Age (Information for Development Programme [InfoDev], 2004), or seem at least to be showing commitments in redressing the imbalances resulting from the low utilization of knowledge resources and ICT in the economy and governance (Joi, 2004). E-government is enabling government organizations to provide better services to their constituents. The ability to improve citizens’ access to services has made e-government an attractive investment for government organizations, fueling worldwide implementation of such applications (Amaravadi, 2005; Scherlis & Eisenberg, 2003). As an emerging practice, e-government seeks to realize processes and structures for harnessing the potentialities of information and communication technologies at various levels of government and the public sector for the purpose of enhancing good governance. The key issues in transformation are the adoption and uptake of interoperable standards, the development of appropriate business models, the legal and policy frameworks that will facilitate integration, and governance arrangements that support both enterprise responsibilities and crossagency approaches and responsibilities.
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Fardoust, Shahrokh, Stefan G. Koeberle, Moritz Piatti-Fünfkirchen, Lodewijk Smets, and Mark Sundberg. "The Performance of Budget Support." In Retooling Development Aid in the 21st Century, 105–28. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192882196.003.0004.
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Abstract How effective is budget support in supporting policy reform? Conventional evaluation metrics demonstrate that budget support has performed as well as project financing. A review of empirical evidence and quantitative analysis at the country level indicates that supporting economic policy reform has been more effective than certain areas of public sector governance and social policy. The country context, policy dialogue, project design, analytical work and the timing of support matter for programme success. There is evidence of decreasing returns to policy lending over time. Budget support can be effective even in fragile and conflicted-affected states and helps support policy reform in times of economic crisis, when its impact may be particularly great. In the right context, budget support can be effective in putting the Paris Principles of aid effectiveness into practice. If country ownership is lacking, however, providing conditional financing generally does not lead to sustained reform.
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Maharana, Miss Mamanisha, and Dr Jyoti Prakash Rath. "A STUDY ON ROLE AND RELEVANCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOR A VIBRANT INDIA." In Futuristic Trends in Management Volume 3 Book 28, 50–58. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bhma28p3ch2.
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Many developing countries including India are going through a transition phase. They are looking for overall economic development through industrialization. This may become possible with the emergence of a multitude of a small-scale and rural enterprise in all parts of the nation. It demands for developing entrepreneurial behavior among a wider base of population in the society. Entrepreneurship development is regarded as a prerequisite for the development of economy of any country. In our country India, mix economy system prevails which ensures involvement of both private and public sector. This study has intended to assess the role and relevance of Entrepreneurship Development Programme required for making a vibrant India. Data are collected from secondary sources both from published and unpublished sources. Entrepreneurial development programme is the need of the hour. Drowning economy of the country in the post Covid era, can be revamped with a boom in new and vibrant entrepreneurial development that can be achieved through promotion of EDP among the prospective small and large investors across the country.
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Williams, Gareth, and Rob Flynn. "Health-Care Contracting And Social Science: Issues In Theory And Practice." In Contracting For Health, 153–59. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290223.003.0010.
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Abstract In this book we have collected together work by a number of researchers from a range of disciplinary backgrounds who, with support from the ESRC Contracts and Competition Programme, have examined and explored different facets of the NHS internal market. Alongside this predominant focus on the health service, in the contributions from Lapsley and Llewellyn (Chapter 5) and Broadbent and Laughlin (Chapter 3), complementary topics are explored: contracting decisions in social work departments in Scotland, and the effects of local management of schools in England. Rather than diluting the health content of the book, these additions seem to us to provide contrapuntal evidence which highlights the generic character of some of the issues emerging in research on the development of managed markets in the public sector. We hope that this collection of research studies will be of interest beyond the world of academic research, and will help inform those working in policy and practice in the health service and other parts of the public sector.
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Mehta, Jal. "Beyond Rationalization: Inverting the Pyramid, Remaking the Educational Sector." In The Allure of Order. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199942060.003.0012.
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Over and over again across the 20th century and a decade into the 21st, Americans have sought to rationalize their schools, with limited results. Is there a better way? In the pages that follow, I argue that there is. At base, you could say that the entire American educational sector was put together backwards. Beginning early in the 20th century, teaching became institutionalized as a highly feminized, low-status field; universities, unwilling to associate with training low-status teachers, trained instead a set of male administrators to control and direct those teachers; failures of schools prompted additional levels of control and regulation from afar, further diminishing autonomy and making the field less attractive to talented people. Successful systems from abroad essentially do the reverse. They choose their teachers from among their most talented students; they train them extensively; they provide opportunities for them to collaborate within and across schools to improve their practice, they provide the needed external supports for them to do this work well; and they support this educational work within stronger welfare states. This is true of East Asian countries like Korea and Japan, but it is also true of non-Confucian countries like Canada and Finland. While it is not yet clear how much of this success are due to which of these factors, it is clear that many of the world’s leading countries take a fundamentally different approach than the one favored in the United States. As a recent Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) volume sums up what it sees as the lessons from nations that lead the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) rankings: “The education development progression is characterized by a movement from relatively low teacher quality to relatively high teacher quality; from a focus on low-level basic skills to a focus on high-level skills and creativity; from Tayloristic forms of work organization to professional forms of work organization; from primary accountability to superiors to primary accountability to one’s professional colleagues, parents and the public; and from a belief that only some students can and need to achieve high learning standards to a conviction that all students need to meet such high standards.”
Conference papers on the topic "Public Sector Development Programme (Tonga)"
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Almășan – Anghel, Cristiana Maria. "Capacity Building and Development in the Health Sector: Implications for Romania." In 9th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2023/09/011.
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Capacity development is a key component in the overall improvement process of any branch of the public sector within a country. The role of capacity building is defined by the ability of a system to maximize its productivity and human resource availability and regeneration over time, through the enacting of positive policies which are beneficial to itself and to the people that comprise it. Due to recent events, it became essential to re-evaluate the development of the workforce capacity processes with respect to the of the swiftly changing global healthcare system requirements. In the case of the public health sector, capacity building and development are fully influenced by the number of human resources and financial investments that are poured into the apparatus, since one cannot ensure productivity without the other; these two factors are highly dependent on each other. From a political point of view, the ramifications of a failed development programme have been proved to be dire for the health sector within Romania as it can be observed, over the last two decades, what a subpar financial backing can do to such an institution. It is imperative for a country to invest into the infrastructure of its public health system just as much as it should invest in the workers within it, otherwise it is destined to fail to meet the popular requirement of medical care, which are of a paramount importance. Considering the mentioned objectives and motifs, this study`s main target is to explore how capacity building is to be improved to meet the newly formed demands of the public health system, due to the recent critical changes it has suffered.
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RAKOWSKA, Joanna, and Jarosław GOŁĘBIEWSKI. "EU REGIONAL POLICY SUPPORT FOR BIOENERGY SECTOR IN POLAND IN 2007-2013 (2015)." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.196.
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The EU faces increasing climate, social and economic challenges resulting among others from the negative effects of using fossil fuels. Bioeconomy with its flagship bioenergy sub-sector is meant the key remedy for this situation. That is why the growth of bioenergy production has been promoted and supported in EU financial perspective of 2007-2013 by allocating regional policy funds to strengthen bioenergy sub-sector under operational programs in eligible member states. As Poland has increasing needs to develop bioenergy sector and has been the biggest beneficiary of EU regional policy funds the aim of the paper was to investigate on the main effects of investments in bioenergy sub-sector under operational programmes 2007-2013. The study was based on SIMIK data from the Ministry of Regional Development as of December 31, 2015 and Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office of Poland. Qualitative and quantitative analysis show that beneficiaries carried out 80 bioenergy projects of 1442,8 mln PLN total value, including 30,4% EU co-funding under Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment and 14 Regional Operational Programmes. These bioenergy investments resulted mainly in construction and modernization of biomass power plants, of which nearly 50% where agricultural ones as well as in constructing new and expanding already existing biomass-based heating systems in public institutions. Findings show big regional differentiation of the bioenergy investments: from none in mazovieckie (the biggest NUTS 2 in Poland) and opolskie to cumulation of nearly 33% of bioenergy projects under OPs 2007-2013 in warmińsko-mazurskie. EU co-funding for individual projects ranged from 15% to 85%, however for nearly half of them it was higher than 45%, conditioning realization of the projects fully. Concluding, EU funding was a significant source of financial support for bioenergy sub-sector in Poland, resulting in developing it especially in warmińsko-mazurskie voivodship.
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DE LOS RÍOS CARMENADO, Ignacio, Maria RIVERA, Carmen García FERRER, and Freddy Bolivar Lopez VILLAVICENCIO. "SOURCES OF RESILIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES: LESSONS LEARNT FROM 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN MURCIA (SPAIN)." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.086.
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Resilience is understood as the capacity of rural systems to transform and adapt, and this is key to achieving sustainable rural development. The aim of the research is to study resilience from a cooperative framework based on four concepts: persistence, adaptability, transformation capacity, and learning, and to collect successful strategies that encourage resilience. The research is part of a project called Rethink funded by the European Commission and state agencies of 14 European countries, included in the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) and the ERA-NET RURAGRI. The methodology is structured based on a common analytical framework that holds the four concepts of resilience applied to each of the key stakeholders (cooperative, public sector, private sector and civil society). The case study analyzed is a cooperative that has more than 25 years’ experience in agriculture during which it has demonstrated its capacity for renewal and recovery through its working model. The analysis covers the entire process of the cooperative, from previous experience of farmers, the creation of the company in 2007 to its current projects, focusing not only on market strategies, but also on its strategic vision and research investment, and on values such as trust and respect, on which the cooperative is based.
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Kraus, Michal, Ales Kankovsky, Martin Dedic, and Tomas Navara. "RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE BUILDING DATA WAREHOUSE (BDW) LINE TO ENSURE QUALITY AND PROCESS CONTROL IN CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/6.1/s27.50.
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This paper focuses on introducing new procedures for control processes in the area of quality monitoring and the progress of the construction of linear structures, such as roads, railways, or engineering networks. It emphasizes automation and streamlining of processes, which includes efforts to reduce manual labor and increase efficiency through digitization. Digitization is a key element of this approach, as it allows for easier transfer and analysis of data, leading to progress and more accurate evaluation of outputs. This process is important in the context of dynamic development and growing service requirements in the field of surveying and geodetic work in the construction sector. The development of legislation and the goal of digitizing public administration are the main factors determining the need for these new procedures. The digitization of public administration aims to improve the efficiency and transparency of public services, which aligns with the objectives of this article. The result of these innovative procedures should not only be a reduction in costs for human activity and manual labor but also an increase in the accuracy and reliability of evaluated outputs. This should lead to better decision-making and planning in the construction sector, potentially bringing significant time and resource savings. This contribution is supported by the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovations for Competitiveness APLIKACE project number CZ.01.1.02/0.0/0.0/21_374/0027275 Research and Development of an Innovative Data Building Warehouse (BDW) Line to Ensure Quality and Process Control in Construction and Maintenance.
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Kudrenickis, Ivars, Raimonds Ernsteins, Liga Biezina, and Rasa Ikstena. "Energy efficient renovation of multi-apartment buildings: management, economic and engineering aspects." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf198.
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The article analyses the results of the 2016-2023 national programme of multi-apartment building renovation in Latvia, being importantly co-financed by ERDF, and there was used the publicly available database of this programme implementation, as of 31st December 2023. This was complementary analysed during the six deep semi-structured interviews with main stakeholders and experts at the municipal level particularly. Valmiera city and county municipality was chosen for a case study as one of the most pro-energy active municipalities in the country, having developed and introduced a complementary set of energy governance instruments. The challenges are particularly related to the management and economic aspects and their interconnection with engineering ones as being identified. Within 2016-2023 in total around 22.8 thousand apartments (over 620 buildings) are renovated at national scale, however that is only around 4% of the total number of apartments. The planned thermal energy savings constitute around 0.9% of the total final energy consumption of the household sector in Latvia as being the high impact. High energy efficiency for heating is achieved in the renovated buildings (after renovation, the “B” energy efficiency class is achieved on average), however, the low number of renovated buildings still limits the impact of the programme. The renovation projects have a long (around 30 years in average) payback period, if compared with the actual district heating tariffs, thus, such renovation is hardly possible without the public grant part. Particularly, for completed projects in 2023 the specific costs significantly increase. The renovation of apartment buildings is analysed in the context of the energy citizenship (ENCI) concept. About 60% of building renovation are carried out by the legal institutional forms established by apartment owners, particularly, housing associations registered as NGOs. During the renovation of buildings, zero-emission decentralized energy production technologies are not installed until now, only few examples can be noted. Although the requirements of this renovation programme allowed, it could be assumed that the overall management and economic conditions were not enough attractive for the promotion of pro-sumerism for households or organizations to practice both - produce and consume energy.
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Nazry, Natasya Farhana, and Jabil Mapjabil. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MICRO & SMALL SCALE TOURISM ENTREPRENEURS: A LITERATURE REVIEW." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.052.
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The tourism sector is the single largest contributor to the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are divided into three levels: micro, small and medium-sized - enterprises, in a programme initiated by the government to reduce poverty and cut the income gap between rural and urban residents. The involvement of SMEs in the tourism industry has contributed to the development of a competitive advantage for the tourism industry in Malaysia. SMEs are an important component of the Malaysian economy, accounting for more than a third of the total GDP and providing employment to more than seven million people. However, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a worldwide pandemic, it has radically changed the direction of the tourism sector in Malaysia, especially among the micro and small scale enterprises (SMEs). In an effort to slow the spread of the virus, numerous countries introduced and mandated the use of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) including hand washing and sanitisation, social distancing and social isolation. Furthermore, the government has introduced several policies, improved public health systems and closed borders. These developments have restricted and even banned international travel and domestic travel, resulting in severe negative effects on the tourism sector. This unforeseen shock, to the tourism and other sectors, has dragged on for more than 12 months. It has severely curtailed the growth of micro and small scale enterprises (SMEs), leaving many such enterprises on the brink of closure. This study examines the literature and critically reviews the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted SMEs. The methodology of this study uses the method of highlighting literature material systematically. A conceptual research method using secondary data was used in this study.
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Pepler, Giles. "DEVELOPING POLICIES TO STIMULATE THE UPTAKE OF OER IN EUROPE." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-040.
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The POERUP project This paper presents research, analysis and policy recommendations from the POERUP (Policies for OER Up Take) project. The overall aim is to develop policies to promote the uptake of OER, especially across the EU, in all main educational sectors. The project has already created an inventory of more than 400 OER initiatives worldwide, documented on the project wiki. POERUP has produced 11 country reports and 19 mini-reports and is finalising seven case studies of notable OER initiatives. Outcomes of our research In the schools sector, it appears that there are very large numbers of European OERs which are potentially appropriate for K-12 education, a significant proportion of which emanate from museums, galleries, archives and national broadcasters. Although there appears to be some uncertainty concerning the availability of K-12 OER, they form potentially a valuable element in policy responses to austerity and to improve the learner experience in the school sector. However our research reports a range of barriers and disincentives to using OER. Although the development of vocational training has been a subject of enhanced political cooperation at the European level during the past decade, only one of the notable OER initiatives we have catalogued is targeted towards the VET sector and there is little evidence of any national or regional policies on OER for VET. In Universities the various schemes for quality in OER are so far ignored by national HE quality agencies or governments - not surprising when they mostly ignore similar schemes for quality in e-learning, even though e-learning (on- or off-campus) has far greater penetration than OER. Types of policy interventions Our research leads us to recommend three strands of policy interventions: o Linking OER to open access to research and to standards. o Fostering the phenomena that OER is said to facilitate. o Reducing the barriers to creation of innovative institutions and innovative practices. POERUP has produced three draft EU-level policy documents for universities, VET and schools. This paper integrates recommendations from the three sectors. POERUP is also producing policy documents for 5 Member States. Policy recommendations for the Commission and Member States OER is part of the broader fields of e-learning and distance learning and many of our recommendations are applicable in these broader contexts. They are grouped under seven headings and all are mapped against Opening Up Education; recommendations to Member States are specified. Communication and awareness raising: o Continue to promote the OER related initiatives currently being funded. o Facilitate exchange of experiences from national programmes between Member States. o Mount a campaign to educate university and school staff on IPR issues. Funding mechanisms and licensing issues o Ensure that any public outputs from EU programmes are available as open resources. o Continue to promote the availability and accessibility of open resources created through its cultural sector programmes. o Create an innovation fund for the development of online learning resources and assembling/ creating pathways to credentials. o Use Erasmus+ and Horizon 2020 to encourage partnerships between creators of educational content to increase the supply of quality OER and other digital educational materials in different languages, to develop new business models and to develop technical solutions. o Establish a European Hub of Digitally Innovative Education institutions, complemented by a specific European Award of Digital Excellence. o Authorities developing the EHEA should reduce the regulatory barriers against new non-study-time-based modes of provision. o Encourage Member States to increase their scrutiny of the cost basis for university teaching and consider the benefits of output-based funding for qualifications. o Support the development of technological methods to provide more and standardised information on IPR to the users of digital educational content. o Member States should ensure that budgets for digital educational resources are flexible enough to support the development (and maintenance) of openly licensed materials. Quality issues o Require OER to meet (disability) accessibility standards and should ensure that accessibility is a central tenet of all OER programmes and initiatives. o Establish a European quality assurance standard for OER content produced in Europe. o Member States should ensure that OER are allowed to be included on approved instructional materials lists. o Member States should consider establishing and funding an OER evaluation and adoption panel. Teacher training and continuous professional development o Encourage Member States to establish incentive and award schemes for teachers engaged in online professional development of their pedagogic skills, including online learning. o Member States should establish a professional development programme to support CPD on the creation, use and re-use of OER, with coverage of distance learning, MOOCs and IPR issues. Certification and accreditation o Drive forward the development of EQF and encourage Europe-wide validation of learning acquired online. o Foster the development of transnational accrediting agencies and mutual recognition of accreditations across the EU. o Explore and test digital competence frameworks and self-assessment tools for learners, teachers and organisations, including the tailoring of 'open badges' to the needs of learners. Infrastructure issues o Continue its focus on improving the ICT in education infrastructure in Members States to enable them to exploit potential pedagogical and financial advantages of OER. Further research o Develop its understanding of new modes of learning (including online, distance, OER and MOOCs) and how they impact quality assurance and recognition. o Support research into the benefits of OER & sustainable business models. o Launch a platform open to all stakeholders to record and benchmark the digital state of educational institutions.
Reports on the topic "Public Sector Development Programme (Tonga)"
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Parekhelashvili, Mariam, Kushala A. N. Elgiriya-Witharanage, and Sinja Buri. Strengthening Financial Resilience in the Pacific: 16 Lessons Learned from Implementing Climate Risk Insurance Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/ufyf8878.
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Pacific Insurance and Climate Adaptation Programme (PICAP) was one of the first projects of its kind in the Pacific region. It aims to improve the financial preparedness and resilience of Pacific communities against climate change and natural hazards through the development and implementation of innovative and inclusive climate risk insurance products. In addition to the major achievement of developing and launching the first parametric microinsurance products for extreme weather events in Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga, the programme managed to co-create evidence-based solutions and digital technologies with robust private and public sector engagement and collaborative partnerships with cooperatives and associations. During its inception phase (2021-2022), PICAP has thereby laid a solid foundation for regional expansion. This publication reflects on and captures the key lessons learned of the programme team from developing and implementing parametric microinsurance solutions, specifically in a Small Island Developing States (SIDS) context.
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Mayfield, Colin. Capacity Development in the Water Sector: the case of Massive Open On-line Courses. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mwud6984.
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The Sustainable Development Goal 6 targets are all dependent on capacity development as outlined in SDG 6a “Expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation related activities and programmes “. Massive Open On-line Courses (MOOCs) and distance learning in general have a significant role to play in this expansion. This report examines the role that MOOCs and similar courses could play in capacity development in the water sector. The appearance of MOOCs in 2010/11 led within 4 years to a huge increase in this type of course and in student enrollment. Some problems with student dropout rates, over-estimating the transformational and disruptive nature of MOOCs and uncertain business models remain, but less “massive” MOOCs with more engaged students are overcoming these problems. There are many existing distance learning courses and programmes in the water sector designed to train and/ or educate professionals, operators, graduate and undergraduate students and, to a lesser extent, members of communities dealing with water issues. There are few existing true MOOCs in the water sector. MOOCs could supply significant numbers of qualified practitioners for the water sector. A suite of programmes on water-related topics would allow anyone to try the courses and determine whether they were appropriate and useful. If they were, the students could officially enroll in the course or programme to gain a meaningful qualification or simply to upgrade their qualifications. To make MOOCs more relevant to education and training in the water sector an analysis of the requirements in the sector and the potential demand for such courses is required. Cooperation between institutions preparing MOOCs would be desirable given the substantial time and funding required to produce excellent quality courses. One attractive model for cooperation would be to produce modules on all aspects of water and sanitation dealing with technical, scientific, social, legal and management topics. These should be produced by recognized experts in each field and should be “stand-alone” or complete in themselves. If all modules were made freely available, users or mentors could assemble different MOOCs by linking relevant modules. Then extracts, simplified or less technical versions of the modules could then be used to produce presentations to encourage public participation and for other training purposes. Adaptive learning, where course materials are more tailored to individual students based on their test results and reactions to the material, can be an integral part of MOOCs. MOOCs efficiently provide access to quality courses at low or no cost to students around the world, they enable students to try courses at their convenience, they can be tailored to both professional and technical aspects, and they are very suitable to provide adaptive learning courses. Cooperation between institutions would provide many course modules for the water sector that collectively could provide excellent programmes to address the challenges of capacity development for SDG 6 and other issues within the water sector.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.
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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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Morgan, Miranda, and Alastair Stewart. Making Market Systems Work for Women Farmers in Tajikistan: A final evaluation of Oxfam's Gendered Enterprise and Markets programme in Tajikistan. Oxfam GB, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019.5372.
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Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM) is Oxfam GB’s approach to market systems development. The GEM approach facilitates change in market systems and social norms, with the aim of ensuring more sustainable livelihood opportunities for marginalized women and men. The GEM DFID AidMatch Programme (June 2014–February 2018) worked within the soya, milk and vegetable value chains targeting women smallholder farmers in areas of poverty. The programme aimed to benefit 63,600 people (10,600 smallholder households) living in Zambia, Tajikistan and Bangladesh through increases in household income, women having greater influence over key livelihood decisions within their households and communities, and engaging in livelihoods more resilient to shocks, such as natural disasters and market volatility. In Tajikistan, the Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM) programme has been implemented in five districts of Khatlon Province by Oxfam in partnership with local public organizations, League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan (LWL) and Neksigol Mushovir. The GEM programme in Tajikistan sought to directly improve the livelihoods of an estimated 3,000 smallholder farmers (60 percent women) in fruit and vegetable value chains through improved production skills, resilience to climate risks, access to market opportunities and greater engagement with market players, and strengthened ability to influence private sector and government actors. The evaluation was designed to investigate if and how the GEM programme might have contributed to its intended outcomes – not only in the lives of individual women smallholder farmers targeted by the programme but also to changes in their communities and the larger market system. It also sought to capture any potential unintended outcomes of the programme.
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Barjum, Daniel. PDIA for Systems Change: Tackling the Learning Crisis in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/046.
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Indonesia is facing a learning crisis. While schooling has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, the quality of education has remained mediocre (Rosser et al., 2022). Teacher capability is an often cited weakness of the system, along with policies and system governance. Approaches focused primarily on adding resources to education have not yielded expected outcomes of increased quality. “It is a tragedy that in the second decade of the twenty-first century, some children in Indonesia are not completing primary school and are turned out into the workforce as functional illiterates.” (Suryadarma and Jones, 2013; Nihayah et al., 2020). In the early 2000s, Indonesia began a process of decentralising service delivery, including education, to the district level. Many responsibilities were transferred from the central government to districts, but some key authorities, such as hiring of civil service teachers, remained with the central government. The Indonesian system is complex and challenging to manage, with more than 300 ethnic groups and networks of authority spread over more than 500 administrative districts (Suryadarma and Jones, 2013). Niken Rarasati and Daniel Suryadarma researchers at SMERU, an Indonesian think tank and NGO, understood this context well. Their prior experience working in the education sector had shown them that improving the quality of education within the classroom required addressing issues at the systems level (Kleden, 2020). Rarasati noted the difference in knowledge between in-classroom teaching and the systems of education: “There are known-technologies, pedagogical theories, practices, etc. for teaching in the classroom. The context [for systems of education] is different for teacher development, recruitment, and student enrollment. Here, there is less known in the public and education sector.” Looking for ways to bring changes to policy implementation and develop capabilities at the district level, SMERU researchers began to apply a new approach they had learned in a free online course offered by the Building State Capability programme at the Center for International Development at Harvard University titled, “The Practice of PDIA: Building Capability by Delivering Results”. The course offered insights on how to implement public policy in complex settings, focused on using Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA). The researchers were interested in putting PDIA into practice and seeing if it could be an effective approach for their colleagues in government. This case study reviews Rarasati and Suryadarma’s journey and showcases how they used PDIA to foster relationships between local government and stakeholders, and bring positive changes to the education sector.
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Social, Psychological and Health Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on the Elderly: South African and Italian Perspectives. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0069.
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The Panel discussion titled “The Presidential Employment Stimulus: Research Opportunities”, was hosted on 10 December 2020 by the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) and the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) at the Science Forum South Africa (SFSA) 2020. The Presidential Employment Stimulus was launched in parliament on 15 October as part of government’s Economic Recovery Strategy. It directly funds 800,000 employment opportunities that are being implemented within the current financial year, but it is anticipated that it will also become a medium-term programme. The stimulus includes public employment programmes, job retention programmes and direct support to livelihoods. The single largest programme is run by the Department of Basic Education, which, in the last fortnight, recruited 300,000 young people as school assistants, to assist schools to deal with the setbacks faced as a result of the pandemic. The stimulus supports employment in the environmental sector and over 75,000 subsistence producers are receiving production grants through an input voucher scheme. There is a once-off grant to assist over 100,000 registered and unregistered Early Childhood Development Practitioners back on their feet, as well as a significant stimulus to the creative sector. The session set out to provide an introduction to the Presidential Employment Stimulus Programme (PESP), a key programme within government’s economic recovery plan led by Dr Kate Philip. The key objective was to get input from the research community on how the work that they are already doing and future work could contribute to the M&E efforts and be augmented in such a way that the PESP could become a medium-term programme. The DSI plans to hold further engagements in 2021 to mobilise the wider research community to provide evidence-based research in order to shape the research agenda that would support the M&E work and identify short-term issues that need to be factored into the department’s work plans, under the guidance of Dr Philip.