Journal articles: 'Public shame and punishment'

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Dutton, Donald G., Cynthia van Ginkel, and Andrew Starzomski. "The Role of Shame and Guilt in the Intergenerational Transmission of Abusiveness." Violence and Victims 10, no. 2 (January 1995): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.10.2.121.

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Shame-proneness has been found to be related to anger arousal and a tendency to externalize attributions for one’s own behavior, both common features of men who assault their wives. The present study examined a potential origin of a shame-prone style by analysing reports of shaming experiences by ones’ parents as reported by a population of assaultive males. Significant relationships were found for recollections of shaming actions by parents on adult anger, abusiveness (as reported by the men’s wives), and a constellation of personality variables related to abusiveness in prior research. These associations maintained even after corrections were made for response sets such as social desirability. These shaming actions were largely comprised of recollections of parental punishment that were public, random, or global. The role of shame experiences in disturbances of self-identity and rage is discussed.

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Trahan, Adam, Andrekus Dixon, and Brooke Nodeland. "Public Opinion of Capital Punishment: An Intersectional Analysis of Race, Gender, and Class Effects." Criminal Justice Review 44, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 452–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016818818687.

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Extant research on the demographic correlates of capital punishment opinion has separately analyzed race, gender, and class. Intersectionality has shown a flaw of this approach is that these characteristics overlap and interact to shape people’s identities and opinions. Using data from the Cumulative File of the General Social Survey (1972–2016), we regressed capital punishment opinion on respondents’ race, gender, and class intersections. Findings show wide variation in opposition to capital punishment. Implications of the findings, including the superiority of the intersectional approach, are discussed.

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Peté, Stephen Allister. "A Disgrace to the Master Race: Colonial Discourse Surrounding the Incarceration of "European" Prisoners within the Colony of Natal towards the End of the Nineteenth and Beginning of the Twentieth Centuries." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 20 (January 19, 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a3011.

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The discourse surrounding the punishment of offenders within a society reveals much about the particular ideological underpinnings of power within that society. Penal discourse within colonial societies is particularly interesting, in that it traces the specific contours of the racist ideologies which characterise those societies. This article is focused upon penal discourse within the Colony of Natal towards the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. Within the colony at this time, the race of an offender was becoming increasingly important in determining the type of punishment, treatment and training considered appropriate for that offender. This article is focused - in particular - upon the discourse surrounding the punishment of ‘European’ offenders in colonial Natal. It is submitted that the punishment of these offenders raised all sorts of ideological problems for the colonists, since the offenders in question were members of the white 'master race'. The following central themes within the colonial penal discourse of the time are discussed: first, the role that 'shame' and 'degradation' were considered to play in the punishment of white - but not black - prisoners; second, the perceived need to train white - but not black - prisoners in skilled work, to enable white prisoners to find employment upon leaving prison; and, third, the perceived need to keep white - but not black - prisoners out of the public gaze, in particular avoiding situations in which white prisoners could be seen being punished alongside black prisoners and subject to the control of black prison guards. Examining the precise contours of the penal ideology which underpinned the punishment of offenders in colonial Natal, may be useful in understanding certain of the foundations of racist penal thinking during subsequent periods of South African history, including the notorious apartheid era.

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Tait, Gordon, and Denise Meredyth. "Speaking their sex: debates on sex education." Queensland Review 3, no. 2 (July 1996): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600006486.

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In Sex Education in the Eighties, Mary Calderstone concludes her article with the most commonraison d'etrefor formal, school-based sex education:We can no longer allow our young children to be see-sawed back and forth between public over-permissiveness and exploitativeness, on the one hand, and private repressiveness, punishment, shame, guilt, or total silence on the other as we see happening now … Our children are sexual: they are born that way and would not be considered normal if this were not so. It is our responsibility to help parents not to fear or repress their children's sexuality, but to help it to mature safely along with all the other wondrous endowments that are part of being a human child.

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Sherwani, Adnan Ali Khan. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/170." Habibia Islamicus 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2021.0501e02.

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Tax violation in Pakistan is very high that has led to deteriorated economic situation and lack of public service delivery. The four variables of tax morale are; feelings of guilt and shame; lack of trust on government; perception about other citizens paying taxes; and level of penalties- as determinants of tax evasion in Pakistan. The perception about utilization of money, elements of shame, perception about other citizens’ compliance behavior and level of penalties effect tax violation. However, variables of guilt and perception about corruption do not have significant impact on evasion behavior. Some policy interventions have been suggested to curb the menace of tax violation. These policies include motivating tax payers through methods like hypothecation, imposition of fines and penalties and publishing names of defaulters through media and tax department website. Tax violation is a crime in almost all developed countries, and the guilty party is liable to fines and/or imprisonment. In Pakistan, many acts that would amount to criminal tax violation in other countries are treated as civil matters. Dishonestly misreporting income in a tax return is not necessarily considered a crime. Such matters are handled in the tax courts, not the criminal courts. In Pakistan, however, some tax misconduct (such as the deliberate falsification of records) is criminal. Moreover, civil tax transgressions may give rise to penalties. It is often considered that the extent of violation depends on the severity of punishment for violation.

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Seal, Lizzie. "Sources of Public Response to the Death Penalty in Britain, 1930–65." Legal Information Management 16, no. 2 (June 2016): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669616000220.

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AbstractThis article by Lizzie Seal is adapted from a presentation given at the Sources and Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice socio-legal research workshop that was held at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in November 2015. It explores the selection of qualitative sources for a project that aimed to uncover public responses to capital punishment in the mid twentieth-century. The article discusses which sources were selected and considers their strengths and weaknesses. It concludes that the particular sources chosen as data can, in themselves, help to shape researchers’ thinking about their findings.

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Goelzhauser, Greg, and David M. Konisky. "The State of American Federalism 2019–2020: Polarized and Punitive Intergovernmental Relations." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 50, no. 3 (2020): 311–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjaa021.

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Abstract The state of American federalism is characterized by polarization and punitiveness. As in previous years, political polarization continues to shape intergovernmental relations. But we also identify punitiveness as an increasingly prevalent aspect of vertical power sharing. Punitive federalism describes the national government’s use of threats and punishment to suppress state and local actions that run contrary to its policy preferences. In this Annual Review of American Federalism overview article, we introduce the concept of punitive federalism and discuss its application to contemporary public policy. We also highlight federalism implications concerning the COVID-19 pandemic; discuss recent policy developments concerning the environment, gender identity, health care, immigration, reproductive choice, and sexual orientation; and review recent Supreme Court decisions that impact intergovernmental relations.

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Usammah. "Takzir as a Punishment in Islamic Criminal Law (Study of the Establishment of Punishment in Criminal Acts in Qanun)." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 1, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v1i2.38.

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Formalizing the Shari'a of Islam both in the realm of social and social life, in the state and nation are not infrequently debated, both socio-political and religious debates. The debate is in addition to understanding the teachings of religion and its relationship with the nation-state, as well as understanding the existing legal system within the country, especially that the country embraces a positive legal system that is more influenced by western law. The notion of enforcement of Islamic criminal law can not necessarily be carried out properly without any legislation and the establishment of a material Islamic criminal law as a positive law in force. Also, Islamic criminal law is a public law requiring state power both in law making and in law enforcement. In relation to the legislation and the formation of the law (qanun syariat Islam), the most interesting thing is how to determine the shape of the finger and its uqubat both belonging to the category of hudud, qisas and takzir as part of the Islamic Shari'a law enforcement system

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Jacobs, David, and Stephanie L. Kent. "The Determinants of Executions since 1951: How Politics, Protests, Public Opinion, and Social Divisions Shape Capital Punishment." Social Problems 54, no. 3 (August 2007): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2007.54.3.297.

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Shames, Alison. "Sentencing Within Sentencing." Federal Sentencing Reporter 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2011.24.1.1.

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Guest editor Alison Shames introduces this issue of Federal Sentencing Reporter, which focuses on sentencing and the last fifty years of programs developed by the Vera Institute of Justice. When a judge sentences a convicted defendant, he or she takes into account many factors and tries to achieve one or more of the oft-cited purposes of punishment: incapacitation (to protect the public from further crimes committed by the defendant), deterrence, restitution, retribution, and rehabilitation. The federal sentencing statute instructs the court not to impose a sentence greater than necessary to accomplish the goals the sentence is crafted to achieve. What the statutes, guidelines, case law, or even the defense attorney don't mention, however, is that a criminal sentence imposed after a conviction does not fully define the punishment meted out to a defendant. People involved in the criminal justice system are, in fact, punished at multiple points.

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Koster, Ferry, Heike Goudriaan, and Coen van der Schans. "Shame and Punishment." European Journal of Criminology 6, no. 6 (October 7, 2009): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370809341129.

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Chrisler, Matthew. "Pandemic Education: Dissensus, Achievement, Enclosure." Open Anthropological Research 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opan-2020-0108.

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Abstract Alongside a crisis of public health, COVID-19 has also engendered a crisis of social reproduction in the domain of public education. Drawing on conversations and collaborations with K-12 education advocates in the Phoenix metropolitan area, this essay deploys an activist methodology to identify political struggles and turn the ethnographic lens onto the publics and political economies that shape them. After situating contemporary Phoenix schooling in the regional history of the southwest-turned-sunbelt, I examine emerging features of pandemic education in 2020: managed dissensus, caretaking achievement, and education technology enclosures. I retool the concept of “managed dissensus” to argue that, in polarizing debates about the pandemic, conservative politics shifted from consent to coercion in order to maintain priorities of privatizing education and “reopening” the economy. Further, as districts pursued virtual schooling, I show how an institutional project of caretaking achievement produced new patterns of alienation, disengagement, and punishment among teachers and students. Third, I consider how technology created unequal enclosures of parents and students in new gendered, racialized, and ableist regimes of education. As the pandemic continues into 2021, anthropologists should continue to examine public education and social reproduction as sites where state power, racism, and colonialism are expressed and transformed.

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Rodogno, Raffaele. "Shame, Guilt, and Punishment." Law and Philosophy 28, no. 5 (January 29, 2009): 429–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-008-9042-x.

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BROOKS, THOM. "Shame On You, Shame On Me? Nussbaum on Shame Punishment." Journal of Applied Philosophy 25, no. 4 (November 2008): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2008.00403.x.

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Bartram, Jamie, Katrina Charles, Barbara Evans, Lucinda O'Hanlon, and Steve Pedley. "Commentary on community-led total sanitation and human rights: should the right to community-wide health be won at the cost of individual rights?" Journal of Water and Health 10, no. 4 (September 12, 2012): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2012.205.

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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set out to halve the proportion of the population without access to basic sanitation between 1990 and 2015. The slow pace of progress has lead to a search for innovative responses, including social motivation approaches. One example of this type of approach is ‘Community-led Total Sanitation’ (CLTS). CLTS represents a major shift for sanitation projects and programmes in recognising the value of stopping open-defecation across the whole community, even when the individual toilets built are not necessarily wholly hygienic. However, recent publications on CLTS document a number of examples of practices which fail to meet basic ethical criteria and infringe human rights. There is a general theme in the CLTS literature encouraging the use of ‘shame’ or ‘social stigma’ as a tool for promoting behaviours. There are reported cases where monetary benefits to which individuals are otherwise entitled or the means to practice a livelihood are withheld to create pressures to conform. At the very extreme end of the scale, the investigation and punishment of violence has reportedly been denied if the crime occurred while defecating in the open, violating rights to a remedy and related access to justice. While social mobilisation in general, and CLTS in particular, have drastically and positively changed the way we think about sanitation, they neither need nor benefit from an association with any infringements of human rights.

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Ramirez, Erick Jose. "A Conditional Defense of Shame and Shame Punishment." Symposion 4, no. 1 (2017): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposion2017414.

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Happer, Catherine, Paul McGuinness, Fergus McNeill, and Giuliana Tiripelli. "Punishment, legitimacy and taste: The role and limits of mainstream and social media in constructing attitudes towards community sanctions." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659018773848.

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Although criminologists have studied public attitudes to community sanctions, and there has also been some attention to media representations of them, there has been no serious examination of the relationships between media and public understandings. This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis (drawing on sociology, media and communications and organizational studies) of the potential influence of media consumption practices on penal tastes among diverse participant groups. We aim to develop a clearer understanding of how these processes shape the public legitimacy of community sanctions. In particular, we report on original research employing innovative methodologies to explore the dynamic set of practices deployed by audiences in the process of making meaningful the media landscape on punishment and community sanctions. Our findings offer some confirmation of the primacy of the prison in the popular imagination; the media profile of community sanctions is delimited by their perceived banality, in turn leading to confusion surrounding their purpose and potential. However, this study suggests that the legitimacy problem for community sanctions may be far more complex than ‘newsworthiness’. Community sanctions, we argue, may be subject to appraisal in line with penal ‘tastes’ in which the function of moral censure is of central significance. However, we also uncover some evidence about how traditional markers of taste are disrupted by processes of media convergence (of appropriation, circulation, response) in ways which can operate to limit deliberation even amongst more liberal audience groups, and conversely open it up amongst those who are more punitive.

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Pattie, Charles, Edward Fieldhouse, and R. J. Johnston. "The Price of Conscience: The Electoral Correlates and Consequences of Free Votes and Rebellions in the British House of Commons, 1987–92." British Journal of Political Science 24, no. 3 (July 1994): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000712340000689x.

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Conventional accounts of British politics play down the electoral importance of MPs' actions in the House of Commons. Party, it is assumed, is the key feature in shaping voters' preferences: few voters are aware of how their local representative voted on a particular issue, and in any case most MPs vote along party lines. On occasion, however, MPs do vote against the party line. Where the issue involved commands considerable public interest, this may raise an individual MP's profile with his or her constituents, with consequent effects upon future electoral prospects. This article investigates the connection between MPs' votes on a series of free votes and rebellions during the 1987 Parliament and their share of the vote in the 1992 general election. Generally, Conservative MPs' actions in the Commons had no effect on their subsequent share of the popular vote. However where an issue was of marked public interest, such as capital punishment or the poll tax, how the MPs voted did exert a small but discernible effect on the support that they received in 1992.

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Chirskova, Irina M. "SEARCH AND PUNISHMENT OF "THIEVES” AND “ROBBERS” IN THE LEGAL CULTURE OF THE PERIOD OF THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH PETROVNA." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 8 (2020): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-8-35-51.

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Based on the analysis of the legislative sources of the Russian Empire in the middle of the 18th century, the article examines important aspects of the formation of legal culture during the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. This was expressed in the introduction of special state measures aimed at detecting and punishing robbery, plundering the treasury, causing damage to trade and means of communication. During the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, a system of state measures to combat “thieves” and “robbers” took shape, and the responsibility of local authorities for the search and capture of “villains” significantly increased. Since the empress abolished the death penalty, the concept of “political death”, which had been used earlier, acquired special significance in the system of state legislation. New legislative measures were aimed at raising the status of government representatives – detectives, the legitimacy of the investigation procedure, toughening penalties for violation of public order, and saving public funds. However, as the documents show, during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, the state power was never able to achieve significant results in this area, as evidenced by the recurrence of imperial decrees and the ascertaining of new violations in them.

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Plotnikova, Tatyana, and Andrey Paramonov. "Specifics of some anti-corruption measures in Russia within the framework of public and state security." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 16 (2020): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2020-4-16-541-547.

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In the current difficult conditions for the economy of our state, corruption crimes represent a higher level of danger. It is necessary to reform anti-corruption activities in order to increase its effectiveness. One of the radical measures in the field of anti-corruption will be the abolition of the presumption of innocence for corrupt illegal acts. The presumption of inno-cence is a fundamental and irremovable principle of criminal law, which is enshrined in article 14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. Violation of this principle is impossible for criminal proceedings, but modern circumstances require timely, prompt, and sometimes radical so-lutions. It is worth not to neglect the measures of “insuring” on the part of law enforcement agencies, since otherwise it will increase the share of cor-ruption crimes in law enforcement agencies. The content of paragraph 4 of article 14 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation is man-datory even if the presumption of innocence for corruption crimes is can-celed: “A conviction cannot be based on assumptions”. At the same time, the principle of differentiation of punishment will be implemented by assigning the term of imprisonment from the minimum to the maximum, depending on the severity of the illegal act.

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Raupp, Carol D., Judith A. Oliver, and Mary Barlow. "Perceptions of Family Violence: Are Companion Animals in the Picture?" Society & Animals 5, no. 3 (1997): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853097x00141.

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AbstractService and education organizations such as the ASPCA claim a connection between family violence against children and companion animals, but to what extent does the general public share this perception? Sixty-three undergraduates rated their certainty about perceiving family violence using 60 pictures with differing potential targets of family violence. Participants showed stronger certainty when the target was a child than when the target was a companion animal, but ratings for companion animals averaged above the midpoint of the scale used. Interview questions were used to obtain information about childhood recollections of joint discipline situations in which children received punishment for what companion animals did, or vice versa. Thirty-four participants recalled such situations, some of which resulted in the death or discarding of a family's companion animal. The majority of participants affirmed a connection between violence against children and companion animals in the family, with some giving credit for that insight to their taking part in the study.

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Yang, Chun-Lei, Boyu Zhang, Gary Charness, Cong Li, and Jaimie W. Lien. "Endogenous rewards promote cooperation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 40 (September 17, 2018): 9968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808241115.

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Sustaining cooperation in social dilemmas is a fundamental objective in the social and biological sciences. Although providing a punishment option to community members in the public goods game (PGG) has been shown to effectively promote cooperation, this has some serious disadvantages; these include destruction of a society’s physical resources as well as its overall social capital. A more efficient approach may be to instead employ a reward mechanism. We propose an endogenous reward mechanism that taxes the gross income of each round’s PGG play and assigns the amount to a fund; each player then decides how to distribute his or her share of the fund as rewards to other members of the community. Our mechanism successfully reverses the decay trend and achieves a high level of contribution with budget-balanced rewards that require no external funding, an important condition for practical implementation. Simulations based on type-specific estimations indicate that the payoff-based conditional cooperation model explains the observed treatment effects well.

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Tiwald, Justin. "Punishment and Autonomous Shame in Confucian Thought." Criminal Justice Ethics 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0731129x.2017.1301487.

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Martinsen, Deborah A. "Shame and Guilt in Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment”." Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal 1, no. 4 (December 2018): 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2018-4-40-64.

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Sussman, David. "SHAME AND PUNISHMENT IN KANT's DOCTRINE OF RIGHT." Philosophical Quarterly 58, no. 231 (April 2008): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.530.x.

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Pandey, Achyut Raj, Tamanna Neupane, Binaya Chalise, Niraj Shrestha, Sabina Chaudhary, Raja Ram Dhungana, and Bihungum Bista. "Factors associated with physical and sexual violence among school-going adolescents in Nepal: Findings from Global School-based Student Health Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0248566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248566.

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BackgroundGlobally violence is a matter of public health concern with severe physical and mental health implications and social consequences. Evidence suggest that adolescents have an elevated risk of exposure to physical and sexual violence. However, there is a lack of nationally representative research on violence and its associated factors in Nepal to inform interventions. This paper attempts to find the factors associated with various forms of physical and sexual violence among school-going adolescents in Nepal.MethodsWe analysed the cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2015. The GSHS survey applied a two-stage cluster sampling process to select a representative sample of 7 to 11 grade students from 74 schools across the country. We applied logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with physical and sexual violence.ResultsOut of the total 6,529 participants, 45.24% of them faced a physical attack, 39.25% were involved in a physical fight, and 11.65% were victims of sexual violence in the survey administered between 7 August 2015 to 14 March 2016. In a multiple regression analysis, the age of participants, parental supervision, feeling unsafe at school, and the number of close friends were found to be associated with a physical attack. Participants who were bullied, had multiple sex partners, and had received corporal punishment in school had a higher engagement in a physical fight. Likewise, school grade, having parents who understand the problems, having multiple sex partners, and corporal punishment at school were associated with instances of sexual violence.ConclusionThe study identified multiple factors associated with experiences of physical attacks, involvement in a physical fight, and sexual violence among school-going adolescents. This study results can have important implications for school administration, parents, and policymakers alike to plan appropriate anti-violence strategies and interventions. Since various forms of violence share some common risk factors, a comprehensive strategy could be worth considering to prevent such acts of violence.

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Frolov, Aleksey I., and Maria V. Agureeva. "Sham Marriage in the Russian Family Law: The Problems of Legal Adjustment and the Ways of Their Solution." Juridical Science and Practice 16, no. 1 (2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0410-2020-16-1-17-30.

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The essential features of the concept of the sham marriage are considered (registration of marriage, the expression of the will of the couple to register marriage, and the lack of intention to create a family). The analysis of the legal grounds for the emergence of marriage bona fide spouse rights in case of the invalidity of the sham marriage and the rehabilitation of the sham marriage, which are sets of legal facts, is carried out. The authors argue for the possibility of invalidating the sham marriage after the death of the spouses. There is a critical point of view on the issue of establishing administrative or criminal liability for the sham marriage if only private rights are violated. It is advisable to protect private rights violated by the sham marriage by means of private law, which allows ensuring the personal privacy. At the same time, the commission of the sham marriage can be considered as a qualifying feature of an illegal act that violates public law (violation of the procedure for admission to citizenship, acquisition of the right to state benefits, and others), or as an aggravating circumstance when imposing the appropriate punishment. In the comparative legal aspect, the system of measures to counteract the sham marriages is considered. Given that the liberalization of views on cohabitation and the possible de lege ferenda recognition of their legal force will complicate the problem of fictitious marriages, it is proposed to put the recognition of the status of spouses for cohabitees under the condition of providing evidence of the creation of a family and establishing the relevant fact in court.

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Espinosa, Christian, Carlos Maquieira, Fernando Diaz, and Allyson Abarca. "Adoption of IFRS in an emerging market: the Chilean case." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 28, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 442–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-11-2014-0191.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact triggered by adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in South America. In order to do this, the case of Chile is considered, as it was the first country in the region to adopt IFRS in full form from 2009. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze a sample of 43 Chilean companies. The analysis has two stages. First, the authors analyze if the adoption of IFRS in Chile produced a statistically significant change in the main financial indicators. Then, the authors analyze the market reaction to the announcement of the adoption and implementation of IFRS, by doing an event study. Findings The authors found that adopting IFRS in Chile produced a statistically significant change in the main financial indicators, except for in leverage and Price-Earnings Ratios. As for the main accounts of the financial statements, the authors found significant differences, with the exception of inventories and current assets. However, after assessing the market reaction to the announcement of the adoption and implementation of IFRS, by studying the events, the authors report neither reward nor punishment by the market. Originality/value This paper pioneers the analysis of the impact triggered by adopting IFRS in South America. The authors results apply not only to Chile but also to a number of South American countries since many of these countries share similar characteristics with Chile.

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Cramer, Ryan, Sarah Hexem, Kelly Thompson, Archana Bodas LaPollo, Harrell W. Chesson, and Jami S. Leichliter. "State policies in the United States impacting drug-related convictions and their consequences in 2015." Drug Science, Policy and Law 5 (January 2019): 205032451986349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050324519863491.

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Background: Criminal justice system involvement has been associated with health issues, including sexually transmitted disease. Both incarceration and sexually transmitted disease share associations with various social conditions, including poverty, stigma, and drug use. Methods: United States state laws (including Washington, D.C.) regarding drug possession and consequences of drug-related criminal convictions were collected and coded. Drug possession policies focused on mandatory sentences for possession of marijuana, crack cocaine and methamphetamines. Consequences of drug-related convictions included ineligibility for public programmes, ineligibility for occupational licences and whether employers may ask prospective employees about criminal history. We analysed correlations between state sexually transmitted disease rates and percentage of a state's population convicted of a felony. Results: First-time possession of marijuana results in mandatory incarceration in one state; first-time possession of crack cocaine or methamphetamines results in mandatory incarceration in 12 (23.5%) states. Many states provide enhanced punishment upon a third possession conviction. A felony drug conviction results in mandatory ineligibility for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and/or Temporary Assistance for Needy Families in 17 (33.3%) states. Nine (17.6%) states prohibit criminal history questions on job applications. Criminal convictions limit eligibility for various professional licences in all states. State chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis rates were positively associated with the percentage of the state population convicted of a felony ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: While associations between crime, poverty, stigma and health have been investigated, our findings could be used to investigate the relationship between the likelihood of criminal justice system interactions, their consequences and public health outcomes including sexually transmitted disease risk.

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Machen, Samantha, Yogini Jani, Simon Turner, Martin Marshall, and Naomi J. Fulop. "The role of organizational and professional cultures in medication safety: a scoping review of the literature." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 31, no. 10 (December 2019): G146—G157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzz111.

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ABSTRACT Purpose This scoping review explores what is known about the role of organizational and professional cultures in medication safety. The aim is to increase our understanding of ‘cultures’ within medication safety and provide an evidence base to shape governance arrangements. Data sources Databases searched are ASSIA, CINAHL, EMBASE, HMIC, IPA, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS. Study selection Inclusion criteria were original research and grey literature articles written in English and reporting the role of culture in medication safety on either organizational or professional levels, with a focus on nursing, medical and pharmacy professions. Articles were excluded if they did not conceptualize what was meant by ‘culture’ or its impact was not discussed. Data extraction Data were extracted for the following characteristics: author(s), title, location, methods, medication safety focus, professional group and role of culture in medication safety. Results of data synthesis A total of 1272 citations were reviewed, of which, 42 full-text articles were included in the synthesis. Four key themes were identified which influenced medication safety: professional identity, fear of litigation and punishment, hierarchy and pressure to conform to established culture. At times, the term ‘culture’ was used in a non-specific and arbitrary way, for example, as a metaphor for improving medication safety, but with little focus on what this meant in practice. Conclusions Organizational and professional cultures influence aspects of medication safety. Understanding the role these cultures play can help shape both local governance arrangements and the development of interventions which take into account the impact of these aspects of culture.

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Pollock, Benjamin. "The Political Perfection of Original Judaism: Pedagogical Governance and Ecclesiastical Power in Mendelssohn's Jerusalem." Harvard Theological Review 108, no. 2 (April 2015): 167–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816015000127.

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Moses Mendelssohn famously penned his Jerusalem; or, On Religious Power and Judaism in response to a public challenge. Mendelssohn had declared “ecclesiastical power” to be a contradiction in terms, and had thus come out strongly against the use of coercion in religious life, and against the ban of excommunication by rabbinic authorities, in particular. In the anonymously published The Search for Light and Right, August Cranz defies Mendelssohn to explain how he could reconcile this liberal view of religion with his continued commitment to—and his insistence that Jews were still obligated to observe—Jewish law. “As reasonable as all you say [about religious power] may be, to just that degree it contradicts the faith of your fathers . . . and the principles of its church . . . expressly set down in the books of Moses,” Cranz argues. “The theocratic ruling staff drove the whole people . . . with force and punishment.” True, Cranz concedes, exile reduced the capacity of Jewish authorities to enforce Jewish law, “but these ecclesiastical laws are there even if their exercise is no longer a must.” Cranz challenges Mendelssohn to explain his apparently irreconcilable commitments: “How can you persist in the faith of your fathers and shake the whole structure by clearing away its cornerstones, dear Mr. Mendelssohn, when you contest the ecclesiastical law given as divine revelation through Moses?”

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Vyšný, Peter. "Crime and Punishment in pre-Hispanic Nahua City-States Tenochtitlan and Texcoco." Ethnologia Actualis 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eas-2017-0008.

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AbstractThe article focuses on the delinquency existing in pre-Hispanic Tenochtitlan and Texcoco as a particular type of human behavior, having many concrete forms that the wider society perceived (and condemned) through certain concepts and that it sought to both prevent and suppress. The first part of the article deals with the reflections and forms of delinquency existing in Tenochtitlan and Texcoco. In the second part of the article the mechanisms of prevention and repression of delinquency are examined. Although the pre- Hispanic society existing in Tenochtitlan and Texcoco can be considered as a so-called shame culture, in the conclusion of the article it is suggested that it could be a shame culture, which over time has changed, to a certain extent, to a so-called guilt culture.

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Martina, Silvia, Dante Cornago, Livio Garattini, and I. H. A. G. O. Gruppo di studio I.H.A.G.O. "Incentivi ai farmaci generici a livello di ASL: l’osservatorio I.H.A.G.O." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2002): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v3i2.746.

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Generic drugs are pharmaceutical products that contain an active substance whose patent-covered period expired and are marketed with the name of the molecule. The public health authorities of most EU countries agree on the importance of generic drugs in rationalising the pharmaceutical market, particularly by favouring reasonable pricing of “mature” products. In contrast with this wide consensus, the market share of generic drugs remains quite poor in Italy, despite recent regulatory incentives for the promotion of their use. The longlasting lack of specific laws - reference-price politics were introduced only in 2001- and the unusually long patent-covered period fixed by the past legislation are among the main reasons for the scarce utilisation of generics in Italy. The awareness of the importance of promoting initiatives conducted on a local (ASL), and not only national (SSN) scale conducted to the I.H.A.G.O. project, an observatory on the diffusion of generics in several local health districts. The project analyses the impact, in terms of market share, of local promoting activities (investigated by means of questionnaires) conducted during the year 2001 in 11 ASLs (local health districts), deliberately selected among the most active in terms of promotion of the use of generics. The I.H.A.G.O. observation revealed several praiseworthy promotional efforts, particularly of informative and cultural kind, conducted by some of the considered ASLs. Unfortunately, these measures seem not to have had a practical impact on the generics market in the observed districts: the market share increase was superior to the one observed on national scale only in 4 of the considered ASLs, in other 4 it was similar, and in the remaining 3 it resulted even inferior. It appears useful to plan further measures to support the diffusion of generics, maybe by motivating health operators to their prescription with the introduction of “prize/punishment” mechanisms.

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Holmes, Steve. "Can punishment bring peace? Penal substitution revisited." Scottish Journal of Theology 58, no. 1 (February 2005): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930605000955.

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Recently, I attended a conference on the theme ‘theologies of the cross’. I gained much from it in various ways, but one feature concerned me: in reading the papers, and listening to discussions, it became rather clear that, whilst the various contributors might or might not agree, or even be sure about, what they did believe about the cross, they were all both united and certain on what they didn't believe in – the traditional Reformed and Evangelical idea of penal substitution. Now, I confess that I had no particular commitment to this idea. I knew of no exegetical or theological reason to demand that we hold on to it, or to suggest that our account of the atonement would necessarily be lacking something vital if we did not express it in this way. Penal substitution was a way of talking about the cross with which I was familiar, but to which I was not committed. Temperamentally, I had tended to avoid it: as far as I can judge, the dominant way of talking about the cross in my preaching has been in terms of combat with, and victory over, the evil powers of sin and death and hell; it is not a theme I have touched on much in my academic writing. Penal ideas are common, however, in the liturgy and (particularly) hymnody of my church tradition: ‘Bearing shame and scoffing rude/In my place condemned he stood’; ‘All our pride, all our greed, all our fallenness and shame, and the Lord has laid the punishment on him.’ I have never seen any reason to object to such songs. So, to be at a conference where there was near unanimity that, whatever else we were going to say about the cross, we would begin by dismissing this tradition, was of interest and concern to me.

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Heo, Mansup, and Jaeyung Park. "Shame and vicarious shame in the news: A case study of the Sewol ferry disaster." Journalism 20, no. 12 (January 22, 2017): 1611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916688928.

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This study examines how shame, a psychological mechanism suppressing the violation of social norms, is reflected in the news. The results of a content analysis of the South Korean ferry disaster news stories demonstrate that shaming wrongdoers commonly appears in the news stories exposing wrongdoings. It is shown that the news media shame more often when the wrongdoings are confirmed, described in detail, their negative influences are mentioned, or punishment for them is expected. Anger against wrongdoers was the emotion most closely linked to shaming. Our results also demonstrate that shaming is more frequently activated in the Internet media. Especially, vicarious shame felt by some Koreans about other Koreans’ wrongdoings often showed up in the Korean news. Our results provide evidence that vicarious shame and its elements, like guilt, reappear intact in the news. Overall, we suggest that, through the functions of shame, wrongdoings are exposed; identity image of wrongdoers is degraded; lessons about norms are given; mediated scandals are mass-consumed; and, therefore, some of the ethical and commercial characteristics of the news are formed.

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Wilkins, Leslie T., and Ken Pease. "PUBLIC DEMAND FOR PUNISHMENT." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 7, no. 3 (March 1987): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb014252.

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Stannard, John E. "Punishment and public relations." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 50, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v50i2.579.

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Porter, Lauren C. "Trying Something Old: The Impact of Shame Sanctioning on Drunk Driving and Alcohol-Related Traffic Safety." Law & Social Inquiry 38, no. 04 (2013): 863–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01325.x.

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Largely absent from US criminal sentencing since the early 1800s, shame penalties have been staging a comeback. This revival has been met by a number of debates among legal scholars, one of which centers on the potential for such penalties to reduce crime. This study addresses this debate by investigating the impact of formal shaming on drunk driving and alcohol-related traffic safety in Ohio. In accordance with the Traffic Law Reform Act of 2004, judges have since been mandated to issue “restricted plates” to certain first-time and all repeat DUI offenders with limited driving privileges. Results indicate a curvilinear association between punishment levels and drunk driving. Increases in the certainty and visibility of plates are associated with decreases in suspension rates, but there is a point at which increasing the punishment level no longer retains its intended impact. In addition, levels of punishment are unrelated to alcohol-related traffic safety.

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Vander Ven, Thomas, Lauren Wright, and Clara Fesmire. "Sedation-Facilitated Sexual Violence." Criminal Justice Review 43, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016817744015.

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A recent investigative report in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution exposed what appears to be widespread sexual abuse committed by medical professionals. The report suggests that the intellectual advantages and social prominence of well-heeled medical professionals provide them with special resources to commit an undetected series of offenses and to avoid or reduce punishment when they are ultimately apprehended. Thus, the story implies that medical sexual abuse and its control is shaped by power and influence. Similarly, social constructionists argue that class and power shape debates, in part, through the manner in which the media frames social problems. The current study seeks to explore these issues by employing a qualitative approach to analyzing news reporting on medical professionals who drug and sexually violate their patients. Drawing from 22 sedation-facilitated sexual violence (SFSV) stories, we compare the media accounts of SFSV to 22 media treatments of stranger street attacks (i.e., blitz rapes). Guided by constructionist frameworks, for example, we investigated whether or not the language used to describe medical offenders suggested that they were more or less condemnation worthy than “stranger” offenders who attacked their victims in public spaces. Compared to blitz rapists, medical offenders were more likely to be referred to using admiration worthy terms (e.g., intelligent, exemplary), and their victims were more likely to be described as helpless and lacking in agency. Blitz rapists are more often described as coercive and brutal, and their victims are more likely to be framed as heroic, especially when they resist the offender.

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Rainey, Brian. "Indecent Exposure: Social Shame, ʿerwâ and the Interpretation of Gen 9:20-27." Vetus Testamentum 70, no. 4-5 (January 17, 2020): 674–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341415.

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Abstract This article contends that the conflict between Ham and Noah in Gen 9:20-27 centers on the use of a male head-of-household’s exposed pelvic region (ʿerwâ) to shame him and undermine his authority. The pericope draws on a well-attested taboo on the exposure of the pelvic region in socially inappropriate and unacceptable contexts. In particular, the story resembles other biblical examples in which men’s exposed pelvic regions are used to shame them (2 Sam 6:16, 20-26; 10:4-5). This element of the story helps explain several questions about the severity of Ham’s crime and the punishment inflicted on his son, Canaan.

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Flanders, Chad. "Punishment, Liberalism, and Public Reason." Criminal Justice Ethics 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0731129x.2017.1302638.

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Lageson, Sarah Esther. "The Politics of Public Punishment." Criminology & Public Policy 17, no. 3 (August 2018): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12392.

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Hutchings, Vincent. "Race, Punishment, and Public Opinion." Perspectives on Politics 13, no. 3 (September 2015): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592715001310.

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KROLL, STEPHAN, TODD L. CHERRY, and JASON F. SHOGREN. "VOTING, PUNISHMENT, AND PUBLIC GOODS." Economic Inquiry 45, no. 3 (July 2007): 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00028.x.

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Ryan, Mick. "Public(s), Politicians and Punishment." Criminal Justice Matters 64, no. 1 (June 2006): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627250608553181.

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Corlett, J. Angelo. "Collective punishment and public policy." Journal of Business Ethics 11, no. 3 (March 1992): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00871968.

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Johnson, Dominic D. P. "God’s punishment and public goods." Human Nature 16, no. 4 (December 2005): 410–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-005-1017-0.

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Brockdorf, Alexandra N., Cara C. Tomaso, and Pamela K. Keel. "Sensitivity to punishment and eating pathology among undergraduate women: The mediating role of shame." Eating Behaviors 36 (January 2020): 101362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101362.

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Ystanes, Vilde, and Thomas Ugelvik. "‘They Tell Me I’m Dangerous’: Incarcerated Mothers, Scandinavian Prisons and the Ambidextrous Penal–Welfare State." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 892–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz082.

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Abstract Ambidextrous states can grasp citizens with both the welfare/support-oriented left hand and the punishment/control-oriented right hand. When people go to prison in such contexts, they may simultaneously face punishment and welfare interventions. Based on interviews with six women serving prison sentences in Norway for violence against their own children, this article discusses certain aspects of the prison experience in welfare-state prisons. Their criminal sentences, and the associated stigma and feelings of shame, weighed heavily on these women, but they eventually felt the state’s welfare-oriented left hand was tighter and more punitive than the right hand. This article describes their experiences and strategies in coping with the challenges they faced as prisoners in an ambidextrous state.

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Hadžić, Faruk. "Transnational Human Trafficking and Stigmatization in the Western Balkans--Bosnia And Herzegovina--Socio-Political and Economic Framework." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.3.2.06.

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The study critically analyzes the root causal and consequential transnational human trafficking factors from the Balkan wars to the present, implying stigmatization discourse, gender-discriminatory climate, the role of masculinity by comprehensive bibliographic review, and insight into the socio-political and economic challenges by the participative observations and the BiH case study's, highlighting harmonization, improvement, and systemic transformation. It is a social phenomenon that requires a comprehensive (legal-social) approach, i.e., applying effective measures in terms of prevention, suppression, and the punishment of perpetrators with mandatory "regional "cooperation. Illegal economy, structural adjustment policies conditioned by international financial funds, systemic corruption, long-term transition, high unemployment, and economic migrations shape the region's economic climate and indirectly affect the state of phenomena. Ethnopolitical structures produce social (in)-stability, affecting the phenomena. Lack of political will and constant internal ethnopolitical conflicts impact the contrary course of initiatives to combat the phenomenon. Considerable attention to victims' social construction in judicial and social capital is critical due to the effects of destructive representation of misogyny elements on perpetuating sexist stereotypes that harm victims and further exploiting. Stigma in social justice significantly affects victimization dynamics, intertwining cultural, legal, conservative patterns, and structural violence continuation. The Western-Balkan states' legal double standards towards prostitution are discriminatory. Implementing adequate programs to reduce stigmatization while increasing institutional and general public exposure to victims who have made successful reintegration could be a productive aspect of the systemic transformation. Western-Balkan gender-discriminatory climate and masculinity's role in establishing an ethnonational political community based on conservative values remain insufficiently explored. Given the challenges of the current migrant crisis, the political level can ensure a coherent and coordinated EU and Western Balkans strategy in harmonizing and improving the existing normative solutions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Public shame and punishment'

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