Journal articles: 'Public spaces – Louisiana – New Orleans'

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Kaplan, Samantha J. "Libraries Assist Disaster Survivors with Information Needs and Refuge but Need to Amplify Their Role and What They Offer." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, no. 2 (2021): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29938.

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A Review of: Braquet, D. M. (2010). Library experiences of Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans flood survivors. LIBRES: Library and Information Science Research Electronic Journal, 20(1), 1. https://www.libres-ejournal.info/528/ Abstract Objective – Describe the experiences and library usage of patrons displaced by Hurricane Katrina and the New Orleans Flood. Design – A qualitative study with interview components and a questionnaire with open and closed-end questions Setting – New Orleans, Louisiana and surrounding area Subjects – 314 questionnaire respondents and 30 interview (24 face-to-face and 6 phone) participants with 5 individuals completing both Methods – The study consisted of an online questionnaire with open and closed-end questions occurring concurrently with semi-structured interviews conducted over the phone and in person. Individuals were recruited via convenience sample by flyers at public locales in the New Orleans area and electronic mailing lists, forums, blogs, and news sites that catered to the New Orleans community. Main Results – Disaster survivors use libraries for Internet access, information and technology assistance, mental relief, physical refuge, and also view them as symbols of both loss and hope. Library resources (including the physical spaces) allowed survivors to regain a sense of control by helping patrons access local information and experience pre-disaster pastimes, such as leisure reading. Conclusion – The study provides rich description of how libraries can support people displaced by disaster, however just over half of participants did not consider the library a part of their disaster experience. Future research should examine how libraries and library workers can amplify their impact during disasters and disaster recovery, as well as partner with disaster planning and response professionals.

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Haeffele, Stefanie, and Alexander Wade Craig. "Commercial social spaces in the post-disaster context." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 9, no. 3 (2020): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-10-2019-0078.

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PurposeThis paper argues that commercial entrepreneurial activities have social implications and can provide needed social spaces during the disaster recovery process, and that viewing commercial enterprises as socially valuable has implications for post-disaster public policy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses themes and concepts developed through in-depth interviews conducted in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Houston, Texas, after Hurricane Katrina. Particular case studies of the personal experiences of communities that recovered after Hurricane Katrina are utilized to highlight how commercial entrepreneurship creates and maintains social spaces where community members can share resources and connect during the recovery process.FindingsEntrepreneurs need not have a specific social mission in order to make social contributions, and commercial entrepreneurship should create and maintain social spaces that are important for community recovery after disasters.Practical implicationsThe social spaces that commercial entrepreneurs facilitate should be considered when designing and implementing public policy in the post-disaster context. Policies can often hinder recovery, and policymakers should instead establish clear regulatory regimes and allow for greater space for entrepreneurs to act.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the role entrepreneurs play in advancing social goals and purposes after disasters, specifically how commercial entrepreneurs can create and maintain social spaces where community members gather to discuss their challenges and strategies for disaster recovery. It highlights the extra-economic role of commercial entrepreneurs and discusses the implications for public policy based on this broadened conception of entrepreneurship.

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VanLandingham, Mark. "2007 MURDER RATES IN NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA." American Journal of Public Health 98, no. 5 (2008): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.133991.

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Diaz, James H., Kari F. Brisolara, Daniel J. Harrington, Chih-yang Hu, and Adrienne L. Katner. "The Environmental Health Impact of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 10 (2020): 1480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305809.

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Hurricane Katrina caused unprecedented flood damage to New Orleans, Louisiana, and has been the costliest hurricane in US history. We analyzed the environmental and public health outcomes of Hurricane Katrina by using Internet searches to identify epidemiological, sociodemographic, and toxicological measurements provided by regulatory agencies. Atmospheric scientists have now warned that global warming will increase the proportion of stronger hurricanes (categories 4–5) by 25% to 30% compared with weaker hurricanes (categories 1–2). With the new $14.6 billion Hurricane Storm Damage Risk Reduction System providing a 100-year storm surge–defensive wall across the Southeast Louisiana coast, New Orleans will be ready for stronger storms in the future.

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Davis, Shelina, Alexander Billioux, Jennifer L. Avegno, Tiffany Netters, Gerrelda Davis, and Karen DeSalvo. "Fifteen Years After Katrina: Paving the Way for Health Care Transformation." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 10 (2020): 1472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305843.

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Following the devastation of the Greater New Orleans, Louisiana, region by Hurricane Katrina, 25 nonprofit health care organizations in partnership with public and private stakeholders worked to build a community-based primary care and behavioral health network. The work was made possible in large part by a $100 million federal award, the Primary Care Access Stabilization Grant, which paved the way for innovative and sustained public health and health care transformation across the Greater New Orleans area and the state of Louisiana.

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Vidal, Cécile. "Public Slavery, Racial Formation, and the Struggle over Honor in French New Orleans, 1718-1769." Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura 43, no. 2 (2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/achsc.v43n2.59075.

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In New Orleans throughout the French Regime (1718-1769), ruling authorities did not only shape the slave system through the way they exercised their political and administrative prerogatives and functions, but were directly involved as slaveholders. Public slavery facilitated the emergence of New Orleans and Lower Louisiana society as a slave society, and was not necessarily incompatible with racial prejudice and discrimination. On the contrary, it fueled the construction of race. At the same time, it made visible the fact that honor did not only define the boundary between the free and the non-free and the identity of the white population.

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Uwakonye, Matthew, Gbolahan S. Osho, Onochie Jude Dieli, and Michael Adams. "Economic and Social Impacts of Public Schools Management on the City of New Orleans and the State of Louisiana." Journal of Public Management Research 6, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpmr.v6i2.17359.

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Poverty, illiteracy, and crimes are key factors that commonly lead to poor performance in public schools in many inner cities. Without an adequate solution to eradicate these issues, a city could propel towards a path to destruction. Over the past decade, the city of New Orleans, which is known for its exotic party atmosphere, has been crippled by its failing school system, as well as increasing crime and poverty rates. New Orleans has eagerly strived to improve its social stature, but there are several issues that affect the performance of the public school system. Several research studies have shown that strong education is the key to both economic growth and crime rate reduction. Within the city of New Orleans, it is often realized that the management of the public school system has a major impact on the student’s success rate. Statistics shown that within the recent years, tests scores have been continuously lower, crime has been higher than expected, and the teacher’s salary has been unsatisfactory. This prompts the question of whether there are significant associations between social economic factors and public school performance in inner city such as New Orleans. Hence, this current research will attempt to examine factors contributing to public school performance in New Orleans.

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Harville, Emily W., Tri Tran, Xu Xiong, and Pierre Buekens. "Population Changes, Racial/Ethnic Disparities, and Birth Outcomes in Louisiana After Hurricane Katrina." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, S1 (2010): S39—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.15.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To examine how the demographic and other population changes affected birth and obstetric outcomes in Louisiana, and the effect of the hurricane on racial disparities in these outcomes.Methods: Vital statistics data were used to compare the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g), preterm birth (PTB) (37 weeks' gestation), cesarean section, and inadequate prenatal care (as measured by the Kotelchuck index), in the 2 years after Katrina compared to the 2 years before, for the state as a whole, region 1 (the area around New Orleans), and Orleans Parish (New Orleans). Logistic models were used to adjust for covariates.Results: After adjustment, rates of LBW rose for the state, but preterm birth did not. In region 1 and Orleans Parish, rates of LBW and PTB remained constant or fell. These patterns were all strongest in African American women. Rates of cesarean section and inadequate prenatal care rose. Racial disparities in birth outcomes remained constant or were reduced.Conclusions: Although risk of LBW/PTB remained higher in African Americans, the storm does not appear to have exacerbated health disparities, nor did population shifts explain the changes in birth and obstetric outcomes.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S39-S45)

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Kotok, Stephen, Brian Beabout, Steven L. Nelson, and Luis E. Rivera. "A Demographic Paradox: How Public School Students in New Orleans Have Become More Racially Integrated and Isolated Since Hurricane Katrina." Education and Urban Society 50, no. 9 (2017): 818–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124517714310.

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Following the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans public schools underwent a variety of changes including a mass influx of charter schools as well as a demographic shift in the racial composition of the district. Using school-level data from the Louisiana Department of Education, this study examines the extent that New Orleans public schools are more or less racially integrated, racially segregated, and concentrated by poverty almost a decade after Katrina. The study utilizes exposure indices, inferential statistics, and geospatial analysis to examine how levels of school integration and segregation have changed over time. Our findings indicate that though a greater share of New Orleans schools are considered racially diverse than prior to Katrina, a greater share of minority students are now attending dually segregated schools, where over 90% of students are classified as minority and are receiving free/reduced lunch.

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Ehrenfeucht, Renia. "Art, public spaces, and private property along the streets of New Orleans." Urban Geography 35, no. 7 (2014): 965–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2014.945260.

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Skinner, Hubert, and Karlem Riess. "John Leonard Riddell: From Rensselaer to New Orleans (1827-1865)." Earth Sciences History 4, no. 1 (1985): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.4.1.y136x81m6h4761h9.

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John L. Riddell, though primarily interested in chemistry, botany, and medicine, made considerable contributions to geology. From 1827-1829 he was a student at Rensselaer under Amos Eaton, the first American teacher of geology. Riddell's first scientific lecture, A new theory of the earth, was delivered at Rensselaer in August 1829. It dealt with geological formations and the fossil remains contained therein. From 1830-1832 Riddell presented public subscription lectures in New York, Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Late in 1832 he became professor of chemistry and botany at the Ohio Reformed Medical College, where he began to study the geology of the state. Geology of Ohio, his first formal paper on geological subjects, appeared in 1833. Others papers soon followed. He worked with Samuel P. Hildreth on Survey of the geology of Ohio, which was completed in 1836. Soon afterwards, Riddell married and moved to New Orleans, becoming professor of chemistry at the New Orleans Medical College, now Tulane University. He remained in New Orleans until his death nearly thirty years later. In 1839 Riddell attempted to secure state authorization to conduct a geological survey of Louisiana. Also in 1839, he made two excursions to Texas, resulting in his Geology of the Trinity Country, Texas, published in 1839. Finally, in 1841, the Geological Committee of the State of Louisiana was formed, with Riddell as Chairman. There were five other members. Tragically, the result of their work was lost before being published, and no trace of the manuscript is known to exist today. In his later years, Riddell continued to do geological work, including studies of Mississippi River dynamics. He also continued his long teaching career in New Orleans.

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Tak, SangWoo, Bruce P. Bernard, Richard J. Driscoll, and Chad H. Dowell. "Floodwater exposure and the related health symptoms among firefighters in New Orleans, Louisiana 2005." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 50, no. 5 (2007): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20459.

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Rapp, Kristi Isaac, Leonard Jack, Candice Wilson, et al. "Improving Asthma-Related Outcomes Among Children Participating in the Head-Off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana (HEAL), Phase II Study." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 2 (2017): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917740126.

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Purpose. Pediatric asthma disproportionately affects low-income and minority children. The HEAL (Head-Off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana), Phase II Project was a collaborative effort with a primary focus to improve pediatric asthma management in New Orleans, Louisiana. The purpose of this article is to report clinical outcomes captured at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Method. HEAL (Head-off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana), Phase II was a pre–post intervention study that enrolled children ages 2 to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of asthma to receive asthma education within the clinic setting. Enrollees received an asthma education intervention, an environmental evaluation, and a 12-month follow-up session. Endpoints included symptom days, level of asthma control, asthma exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and missed school days. Results. The majority of participants were aged 5 years and older, male, Black, and persistent asthmatics. Emergency room visits decreased from 41% to 20% ( p < .001). Improvements in coughing (83% to 62%, p < .001), wheezing (50% to 26%, p < .001), and chest tightness (29% to 18%, p < .001) were also seen. Conclusion. The novel intervention was associated with improved asthma outcomes among pediatric patients receiving care at the clinical sites in the Greater New Orleans area.

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Cannon, Clare, Sarah Fouts, and Miranda Stramel. "Informed Gatekeepers and Transnational Violence: Using Perceptions of Safety of Latino/a Youth in Determining Legal Cases." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 40, no. 2 (2018): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986318762459.

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From 2013 to 2017, thousands of unaccompanied children (UCs) arrived in Louisiana from Latin America. This research aims to increase understanding of experiences of Latino/a youth who came to New Orleans during that migratory peak. This study offers additional background information on the violent circumstances that forced youth to migrate and insight into youth perceptions of public safety for stakeholders in law and public policy. By triangulating secondary data on crime in Mexico, Central America, and New Orleans with primary survey data ( N = 52), this study found that the majority of surveyed youth (79.2 %) consider New Orleans safer than their country of origin. This finding, among other significant findings related to violence and perceived effectiveness of law enforcement, can be used to advise stakeholders when considering legal options for youth. Moreover, this study generates applied research that contextualizes immigrant youth experiences and their perceptions of safety, offering a methodology for future scholarship.

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Kondo, Michelle C., Christopher Morrison, Sara F. Jacoby, et al. "Blight Abatement of Vacant Land and Crime in New Orleans." Public Health Reports 133, no. 6 (2018): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918798811.

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Objectives: In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused damage in New Orleans, Louisiana, and much of the land in low-resource neighborhoods became vacant and blighted. In 2014, New Orleans launched a program, Fight the Blight, which remediated properties in 6 neighborhoods. Our objective was to examine changes in crime rates near lots that were remediated (ie, debris removed and vegetation mowed). Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design to test whether crime rates changed from preremediation (January 2013–October 2014) to postremediation (July 2016–March 2017) near 204 vacant lots that were remediated compared with 560 control vacant lots that were not remediated between October 2014 and July 2016. We also examined differences between remediated lots that received 1 treatment (n = 64) and those that received ≥2 treatments (n = 140). Results: We found no significant differences between remediated and control lots in levels of violent, property, and domestic crimes from preremediation to postremediation. However, the number of drug crimes per square mile decreased significantly near all remediated lots (5.7% lower; P < .001) compared with control lots, largely driven by the significant decrease (6.4% lower; P < .001) in drug crimes found near lots that received ≥2 treatments. Conclusions: Investing in programs that improve neighborhood environments affected by high rates of physical disorder and vacancy may be a way to decrease violence. However, routine remediation may be needed to increase the public health impact of blight abatement programs in warmer climates, where weeds and vegetation grow rapidly.

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Feehan, Amy K., Daniel Fort, Julia Garcia Diaz, et al. "453. Frequency of Symptoms and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in New Orleans, Louisiana." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S293—S294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.646.

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Abstract Background Individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who do not report symptoms throughout the course of infection (asymptomatic) or those who are asymptomatic when they first contract the virus (presymptomatic) are a major public health concern. However, few prevalence studies to date have targeted the question of asymptomatic frequency within a community. Methods A stratified, random sample of subjects were sent to testing sites to complete a verbal consent, survey, nasopharyngeal swab, and blood draw. Swabs were tested for active viral shedding (PCR) and blood was tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to SARS-CoV-2. Disease progression and IgG antibody response Results Of the 2,640 subjects, 24 (0·9%) were PCR-positive alone, 30 (1·1%) were PCR-positive and IgG-positive, and 129 (4·9%) were IgG-positive alone. Subjects who reported anosmia were 17 times more likely to test positive. Thirty-eight percent of subjects never experienced symptoms despite developing antibodies to the virus, and 75% did not experience symptoms in the early stage of infection. Rates of reported asymptomatic infection and comorbidities statistically significantly increased with age. Conclusion This is the first randomized study that pairs PCR and IgG serology that addresses asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing a high frequency of asymptomatic disease. More research is needed to clarify differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic disease. Prevalence and outcomes studies of SARS-CoV-2 should include this group. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Talbot, Kasey, and Jeff Dauzat. "Hurricane Isaac Post-Storm Response1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 2253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.2253.

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ABSTRACT Hurricane Isaac made landfall on August 29, 2012 over Louisiana, lingering overhead for more than 60 hours. While most were concerned with surviving the 80+ mph winds and ensuing storm surge and floods, Coast Guard members statewide knew there would be no calm after the storm; instead it would be a grueling fight to restore the port to normalcy. The slow moving storm caused grounded deep draft vessels and barges, spilled oil, releases of hazardous materials (HAZMAT), and damage to various buildings and infrastructures. U.S. Coast Guard Sector New Orleans integrated local, states, and federal agencies into a Unified Command structure to coordinate limited resources post-storm. Within Sector New Orleans, the Incident Management Division (IMD) made it their primary mission to mitigate any substantial threats of oil discharges or HAZMAT releases and ensure proper cleanup. On September 2, 2012, IMD utilized the Incident Command System (ICS) to establish a Marine Environmental Response (MER) Incident Management Team (IMT) to achieve their post storm mission. The MER IMT consisted of 200 personnel, of which 60 were Coast Guard members, and included representatives from the National Strike Force, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ), Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (LOSCO), Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), and three Oil Spill Removal Organizations (OSROs); together the team collected 4500 barrels of oily water and 1200 HAZMAT containers, deployed over 11,000 feet of containment boom, and federalized three pollution projects. The MER IMT was disestablished on September 28, 2012 leaving Sector New Orleans IMD to maintain complete management of the ongoing federalized projects, “Fantome”, “Map Drilling”, and “Gulf South”. The projects included oil discharges in adjacent waterways of two oil production/storage facilities, oil discharges from fixed facility barges, and oil discharges from a storage platform along the marsh shoreline. Sector New Orleans executed $9.5 million in Oil Spill Liability Trust Funds towards emergency response efforts and successfully restored safety to the public health, welfare, environment, and maritime community.

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Solomon, Gina M., Mervi Hjelmroos-Koski, Miriam Rotkin-Ellman, and S. Katharine Hammond. "Airborne Mold and Endotoxin Concentrations in New Orleans, Louisiana, after Flooding, October through November 2005." Environmental Health Perspectives 114, no. 9 (2006): 1381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9198.

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Futrell Dunaway, Lauren, Adrienne R. Mundorf, and Donald Rose. "Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Profitability: Insights From a Corner Store Intervention in New Orleans, Louisiana." Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 12, no. 3 (2016): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2016.1227746.

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Cavell, S. A. "Jean Laffite: Piracy and the limits of state power in New Orleans, 1814-1815." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 3 (2020): 713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420944632.

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The pirate, privateer and smuggler Jean Laffite dominated the mercantile life of New Orleans from 1809 to 1815 by exploiting the limited reach of a weak US government in its attempts to control over the frontier of the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Laffite’s status as a cultural anti-hero to the majority-French population, who disdained the American government and the war it initiated in 1812, saw much public support for his efforts to evade law enforcement. Such support, however, waned in the face of an overwhelming threat from British invaders in the autumn of 1814. Adept at survival, Laffite reinvented himself as a loyal patriot by contributing vital materiel to the shaky military defence of the city. In doing so, he ensured his freedom and became a hero of the Battle of New Orleans, a myth that endures to this day. His story demonstrates the limits of state power against piratical practices in the nineteenth century, particularly when they occurred on a distant shore, among a population who protected their cherished rogues.

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Terzi, Cédric, and Stéphane Tonnelat. "The publicization of public space." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 3 (2016): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16665359.

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In this article, we start by jointly examining the shortcomings contained in the substantial definitions of publicity commonly applied to the analysis of both public spaces (physical) and public spheres (political). We propose instead to consider publicity as a potential and publicization as a process, observable both in urban spaces and in the media. Building on John Dewey, we argue that when this process reaches its logical end, it determines and brings together a problem, a place, a sphere and a group of people that it makes public. It also leads to mechanisms of political action that constitute the ends of public space. Using the example of New Orleans post Katrina, we illustrate this process by discussing three obstacles that often stall or reverse publicization processes, which we believe deserve further study. Finally, we ground the values on which the process of publicization rests on the shared experience of trouble in potentially public spaces. This pragmatists approach opens the door to the study of publicization processes and public spaces beyond western cultures, and suggests an empirical way to deepen and reassess liberal conceptions of public space.

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Saberi, Parastou. "Driven from New Orleans: How Nonprofits Betray Public Housing and Promote Privatization, John Arena, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012." Historical Materialism 21, no. 3 (2013): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341311.

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AbstractInDriven from New Orleans, John Arena focuses on the contradictory role of nonprofits in facilitating the consensual removal of poor, black residents from inner-city spaces as the result of the privatisation and demolition of public housing. His account is constructive for delving into the on-the-ground struggles around public housing and the complexities of urban politics, and, more importantly, for situating the housing question at the heart of working-class struggles. His emphasis on how the gradual construction of consent was imperative in paving the way for the sudden application of coercive force in the aftermath of Katrina is also a welcome correction to arguments that tend to see the post-Katrina policies as the cause célèbre of the striking and rapid reconfiguration of New Orleans. Arena, however, falls short of providing a historicised analysis of urban politics and the politics of nonprofits.

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Leischow, Scott. "Conference summary fourth annual meeting Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco New Orleans, Louisiana, USA March 27–29, 1998." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 1, no. 1 (1999): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622299050011201.

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Lichtveld, Maureen, Hannah Covert, Jane El-Dahr, et al. "A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach to Hurricane Katrina: When Disasters, Environmental Health Threats, and Disparities Collide." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 10 (2020): 1485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305759.

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In 2005, Hurricane Katrina resulted in long-term flooding of 80% of New Orleans, Louisiana. Mold-infested homes gave rise to concerns about increased childhood asthma. To address these concerns, a diverse community–academic partnership used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to implement the Head-off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana (HEAL) study in 2007. The study examined the relationship between post-Katrina mold and other environmental exposures and asthma morbidity, while testing an asthma counselor (AC) intervention. Both the AC intervention and the CBPR approach were effectively implemented in the postdisaster setting. However, homes had lower levels of mold and other allergens than expected, possibly because of the timing of environmental sampling. Also, HEAL illustrated the vulnerability of the study community, especially to the interconnected threats of health disparities, environmental health stressors, and disasters. We examine the implications of these threats for public health science, policy, and practice, not only through the lens of Hurricane Katrina but also for future disasters faced by communities in the Gulf Coast and nationally.

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Lincove, Jane A., Joshua M. Cowen, and Jason P. Imbrogno. "What's in Your Portfolio? How Parents Rank Traditional Public, Private, and Charter Schools in Post-Katrina New Orleans’ Citywide System of School Choice." Education Finance and Policy 13, no. 2 (2018): 194–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00222.

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We examine the characteristics of schools preferred by parents in New Orleans, Louisiana, where a “portfolio” of school choices is available. This tests the conditions under which school choice induces healthy competition between public and private schools through the threat of student exit. Using unique data from parent applications to as many as eight different schools (including traditional public, charter, and private schools), we find that many parents include a mix of public and private schools among their preferences, often ranking public schools alongside or even above private schools on a unified application. Parents who list both public and private schools show a preference for the private sector, all else equal, and are willing to accept lower school performance scores for private schools than otherwise equivalent public options. These parents reveal a stronger preference for academic outcomes than other parents and place less value on other school characteristics such as sports, arts, or extended hours. Public schools are more likely to be ranked with private schools and to be ranked higher as their academic performance scores increase.

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Glymph, Thavolia. "“I Could Not Come in Unless over their Dead Bodies”: Dignitary Offenses." Law and History Review 38, no. 3 (2020): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248020000280.

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Scott gives us an expansive and critically important way of thinking about the ways in which former slaves and formerly free black people like Ransier, Bowers, Holmes, and the men and women of Front Street Church, understood the meaning of freedom and confronted the “all de day and every day” dignitary offenses they faced in the courts, on sidewalks, on public conveyances, in public places of amusement and houses of worship, and in their daily work and family lives. Her account of the response of cosmopolitan activists and lawmakers In New Orleans has tremendous implications for the struggle elsewhere. The concept of “public rights” that activists in Louisiana located in a “claim to respect in the activities of a shared and social ‘common life,’” excited the cause throughout the South.

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MICHAILIDOU, ARTEMIS. "“A Single Woman … Among So Many Men”: Negotiating Gendered Spaces in John Gregory Brown's Audubon's Watch." Journal of American Studies 47, no. 3 (2013): 605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812002617.

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This paper examines the notion of gendered space in Audubon's Watch, the most recent work by New Orleans novelist John Gregory Brown. Focussing on Myra Richardson Gautreaux – perhaps Brown's most intriguing female protagonist – it explores, first, how Myra continuously employs “forbidden” language in order to problematize subjects like physical intimacy and sexual desire and, second, how her linguistic experimentation, combined with her solitary walks through the dark streets of nineteenth-century New Orleans, disrupts the dichotomy of public versus private. It also argues that Myra's consistent preoccupation with disciplines inaccessible to nineteenth-century women – like anatomy, the depiction of bodily functions in painting, or the importance of the artist's gaze – establishes a new notion of identity, which interrogates the acceptable limits of “the feminine” in the antebellum South. Ultimately, the paper shows that Audubon's Watch should be read not only as an interesting hybrid of southern gothic and fictional biography, but also as a multilayered work that attempts to redefine the gendered spaces of language, science, and art.

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Sheats, Jylana L., Christine Petrin, Revonda M. Darensbourg, and Courtney S. Wheeler. "A Theoretically-Grounded Investigation of Perceptions About Healthy Eating and mHealth Support Among African American Men and Women in New Orleans, Louisiana." Family & Community Health 41 (2018): S15—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000177.

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Hong, Traci, Carolyn C. Johnson, Leann Myers, Neil Boris, Dixye Brewer, and Larry S. Webber. "Process Evaluation of an In-School Anti-Tobacco Media Campaign in Louisiana." Public Health Reports 123, no. 6 (2008): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490812300614.

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Objectives. In light of challenges imposed by the changing media landscape and decreasing classroom time available for health interventions, new approaches are needed to disseminate anti-tobacco messages to adolescents. This study reported process evaluation of an in-school three-year anti-tobacco media campaign conducted in 10 schools in Louisiana. Methods. Over three years, 10 schools received an in-school anti-tobacco media campaign. The media campaign was one intervention component of the Acadiana Coalition of Teens against Tobacco. Campaign measures were tracked over the campaign's three-year duration. The campaign and evaluation were designed to target the students as they progressed through high school. The number of students who completed the surveys were 1,823 in Year 1, 1,552 in Year 2, and 1,390 in Year 3. Schools eligible for participation were publicly funded schools with no magnet or special populations and within a two-hour driving distance of the New Orleans study office. Results. In a self-report survey (Year 1, n=1,823; Year 2, n=1,552; Year 3, n=1,390), more than 75% and 50% of students reported being exposed to posters and public service announcements, respectively. Recognition of campaign theme was more than 80%. Almost half of respondents reported that the posters were interesting, one-third reported that the posters prevented them from smoking, and 10% reported that the posters encouraged them to cease smoking. Stock media posters had a significantly higher affective reaction than the customized media posters. Conclusion. Findings suggest that in-school media programs are useful and should be considered as a viable approach to health education for adolescents.

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Santelli, John S., Ilene S. Speizer, Alexis Avery, and Carl Kendall. "An Exploration of the Dimensions of Pregnancy Intentions Among Women Choosing to Terminate Pregnancy or to Initiate Prenatal Care in New Orleans, Louisiana." American Journal of Public Health 96, no. 11 (2006): 2009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2005.064584.

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Beauchamp-Byrd, Mora J., and Shawn Sobers. "Rivers and Oceans." Journal of Global Slavery 4, no. 1 (2019): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00401009.

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Abstract This two-part article is a comparative analysis of two late twentieth-century works of art: John T. Scott’s Ocean Song (1990), an abstract, large-scale public art sculpture in New Orleans, Louisiana in the US, and Sold Down the River (1999), a major, self-portrait-centered painting by the Bristol, UK-based artist Tony Forbes. As outlined in both sections, contemporary artists have produced works that ensure a continuing civic dialogue about, and commemoration of, site-specific histories of enslavement. In examining and placing these two works in their social, political and cultural contexts, the article highlights the role that artists may play in offering pictorial counter-narratives that question “official,” often tourist-driven, narratives that tend to romanticize and/or mollify colonial and/or imperial initiatives, including enslavement and other legacies marked by trauma.

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Robinson, Marco, Farrah Gafford Cambrice, and Phyllis Earles. "Telling the Stories of Forgotten Communities: Oral History, Public Memory, and Black Communities in the American South." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 13, no. 2 (2017): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019061701300211.

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Oral histories and ethnographic interviews allow researchers to unearth and recover remarkable stories from our past. Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes assert, “Oral history is at heart a deeply social practice connecting past and present and, at times, connecting narrative to action.” Likewise, the “authentic” voice of communities and individuals is best accessed through these methods. This article explores oral histories and ethnographic interviews conducted in the “forgotten” Jago community (located in northwestern Mississippi) and the Pontchartrain Park community (located in New Orleans, Louisiana). The analysis of the all-black Jago community, founded during Reconstruction and absorbed by a majority white municipality during the mid-1900s, brings light to historical recovery through utilizing oral history. Additionally, the connections between oral history and public history are explored through examining the local campaign led by historians and community groups to place historical markers in the original section of the Jago community. The exploration of the historically black Pontchartrain Park community recovers the voices of a neighborhood almost wiped from public memory due to Hurricane Katrina and brings light to the ways in which oral interviews help preserve local historical identity and promote public history.

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Laidlaw, Mark A. S., Howard W. Mielke, Gabriel M. Filippelli, David L. Johnson, and Christopher R. Gonzales. "Seasonality and Children’s Blood Lead Levels: Developing a Predictive Model Using Climatic Variables and Blood Lead Data from Indianapolis, Indiana, Syracuse, New York, and New Orleans, Louisiana (USA)." Environmental Health Perspectives 113, no. 6 (2005): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7759.

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Thethi, Tina K., C. Lillian Yau, Lizheng Shi, et al. "Time to Recovery in Diabetes and Comorbidities Following Hurricane Katrina." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, S1 (2010): S33—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.10.

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ABSTRACTBackground:The impact of a natural disaster on self-care and health care delivery has been well documented. The objective of the study was to document the recovery pattern from the impact of a natural disaster such as Hurricane Katrina on clinical and biochemical measures of diabetes and its comorbidities.Methods:Patients were selected from Tulane University Hospital and Clinic, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, and the Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans. Adults with diabetes and A1cmeasurement 6 months before (pre-K) Hurricane Katrina (February 28, 2005–August 27, 2005) and 6 to 16 months after (post-K) Katrina (March 1, 2006–December 31, 2006) were identified within the 3 facilities. Follow-up data (January 1, 2007–December 31, 2007) were 1 year after the first post-K visit. The outcome measures were hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL], triglycerides).Results:Averaged across the 3 facilities, the parameters significantly different in the follow-up period compared with pre- and post-K were HbA1c(P= .04), HDL, and systolic and diastolic BP (P< .0001). Parameters with significantly different patterns of change in the 3 facilities over time were HbA1c, HDL, systolic and diastolic BP (P< .0001), and low-density lipoprotein (P< .01).Conclusions:Our results suggest that a variety of clinical and biochemical parameters related to diabetes and its comorbidities affected by natural disaster have varied the rate of recovery to predisaster levels.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S33-S38)

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Zacher, Meghan, Ethan J. Raker, Mariana C. Arcaya, Sarah R. Lowe, Jean Rhodes, and Mary C. Waters. "Physical Health Symptoms and Hurricane Katrina: Individual Trajectories of Development and Recovery More Than a Decade After the Storm." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 1 (2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305955.

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Objectives. To examine how physical health symptoms developed and resolved in response to Hurricane Katrina. Methods. We used data from a 2003 to 2018 study of young, low-income mothers who were living in New Orleans, Louisiana, when Hurricane Katrina struck in 2005 (n = 276). We fit logistic regressions to model the odds of first reporting or “developing” headaches or migraines, back problems, and digestive problems, and of experiencing remission or “recovery” from previously reported symptoms, across surveys. Results. The prevalence of each symptom increased after Hurricane Katrina, but the odds of developing symptoms shortly before versus after the storm were comparable. The number of traumatic experiences endured during Hurricane Katrina increased the odds of developing back and digestive problems just after the hurricane. Headaches or migraines and back problems that developed shortly after Hurricane Katrina were more likely to resolve than those that developed just before the storm. Conclusions. While traumatic experiences endured in disasters such as Hurricane Katrina appear to prompt the development of new physical symptoms, disaster-induced symptoms may be less likely to persist or become chronic than those emerging for other reasons.

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Gustat, Jeanette, Thomas W. Carton, Amir A. Shahien, and Lori Andersen. "Body Image Satisfaction Among Blacks." Health Education & Behavior 44, no. 1 (2016): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198116644181.

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Satisfaction with body image is a factor related to health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between body image satisfaction and body size perception in an urban, Black community sample in New Orleans, Louisiana. Only 42.2% of respondents were satisfied with their body image and 44.1% correctly perceived their body size. Most respondents chose an ideal image in the normal body mass index range with over half choosing an ideal image smaller than their actual size. Misperception was greatest among the heaviest respondents. Females, those who overestimated their size, those with an education beyond high school, and those who were active in order to lose weight were less likely to be satisfied ( p < .001). Those who were active but not trying to lose weight were more likely to be satisfied ( p < .001). This suggests that perception of and satisfaction with body size may play a role in health behavior decisions.

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Wolf, Thomas M., Howard M. Randall, and John M. Faucett. "A Health Promotion Program for Medical Students: Louisiana State University Medical Center." American Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 3 (1990): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-4.3.193.

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A health promotion program for medical students at Louisiana State University Medical Center (LSUMC) in New Orleans encourages students to take responsibility for their own physical and psychological health and well-being, enabling them to better cope with the stressors of medical education and those of later clinical practice. Administrative support for developing the program was considerable, and a broad-based Health Promotion Committee, comprising faculty, administrators, and students, was established to oversee the program. The program's cost was minimal, inasmuch as most components were offered voluntarily by full-time faculty. The most consistent funding came from the LSUMC Student Health fee, although grants and pharmaceutical companies also provided support. A full day of orientation was devoted to the program. The students completed a thorough lifestyle and nutrition assessment and used the results to help decide which component to sign up for: aerobics, relaxation/meditation, support groups, time management, and nutrition. Participation was voluntary, and aerobics and relaxation/meditation were the best attended. Overall, the students responded favorably to the orientation day and found the components valuable and useful. Students reported improvements on eight of 11 wellness dimensions and a composite score from a lifestyle assessment questionnaire over the one-year longitudinal study. These gains may in part be attributable to the program. The nutrition findings suggest entering medical students do not have better dietary practices than comparable young adults living in the United States. Students most often requested information on these topics: relaxation/stress reduction, exercise programs, time-management skills, nutrition, and learning skills. Offering individualized and diverse programs to students is important. A major challenge has been to motivate students to participate, and means are recommended for improving participation. Program evaluation is essential; therefore, problems in this area are discussed. Also, including physical and biochemical measures is desirable. We believe incorporating the principles of health promotion and disease prevention throughout the medical education curriculum is essential. Medical students taking responsibility for their own health are more likely to promote this self-responsibility with their patients in clinical practice.

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Dunaway, Lauren E. Futrell, Alessandra N. Bazzano, Sarah A. O. Gray, and Katherine P. Theall. "Health, Neighborhoods, and School Readiness from the Parent Perspective: A Qualitative Study of Contextual and Socio-Emotional Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 9350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179350.

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The objective of this qualitative study was to address existing gaps in the literature by gathering parent perspectives on both health and school readiness in regard to neighborhood context, specifically parents’ perceived level of neighborhood safety and support, on physical health and the behavioral and cognitive domains of school readiness. Focus groups were conducted with a total of 28 parents or caregivers whose children attended Early Head Start/Head Start Centers or who received Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) services in New Orleans, Louisiana during fall 2015. Parents discussed concepts of school readiness, neighborhood, the intersection between the two, and parental stress; however, few expressed a clear connection between their concerns about safety, their own stress, and their child’s readiness for school. Disparities in both health and school readiness exist between both racial and socioeconomic groups in the United States, and this study offers a unique and enhanced understanding of the impact of non-academic factors on the well-being and development of young children.

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Wennerstrom, Ashley, Julia Silver, Miranda Pollock, and Jeanette Gustat. "Training Community Residents to Address Social Determinants of Health in Underresourced Communities." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 4 (2019): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918820039.

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Disparities in chronic disease and life expectancy remain a significant public health problem and are largely attributable to social determinants of health. Community health workers (CHWs) promote health equity through individual- and community-level activities, and leadership and advocacy skills training make CHWs more likely to catalyze structural change. CHWs are increasingly being integrated into clinical practices to support care management, creating a need for new grassroots community-level advocates. We adapted for community residents an existing CHW training curriculum focused on social determinants of health and effecting community change. We offered 36 hours of training at community-based locations in New Orleans, Louisiana. We assessed baseline civic and community participation and pre- and postknowledge for each lesson. Among 43 enrollees, 42 completed the program. The majority were Black (92.7%), female (92.7%), and retired or unemployed (77.5%), with a median age of 61.5 years. In the past year, 85% of participants had volunteered, 57.1% had been involved with a community organization, and 32.4% had contacted the city council. Participants demonstrated statistically significant increases in knowledge in 5 of 6 lessons. Our success in increasing knowledge of advocacy among a civically engaged group suggests that trainees may become community leaders in addressing social determinants of health.

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O’Malley, Keelia, Brian G. Luckett, Lauren Futrell Dunaway, J. Nicholas Bodor, and Donald Rose. "Use of a new availability index to evaluate the effect of policy changes to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) on the food environment in New Orleans." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 1 (2014): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000524.

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AbstractObjectiveChanges to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) occurred in 2009 when supplemental foods offered through the programme were updated to align with current dietary recommendations. The present study reports on a new index developed to monitor the retail environment’s adoption of these new food supply requirements in New Orleans.DesignA 100-point WIC Availability Index (WIC-AI) was derived from new minimum state stocking requirements for WIC vendors. A sample of supermarkets, medium and small food stores was assessed in 2009 before changes were implemented and in 2010 after revisions had gone into effect. WIC-AI scores were utilized to compare differences in meeting requirements by store type, WIC vendor status and year of measurement.SettingSupermarkets, medium and small WIC and non-WIC food stores in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.ResultsAt baseline supermarkets had the highest median WIC-AI score (93·3) followed by medium (69·8) and small food stores (48·0). Small WIC stores had a higher median WIC-AI score at baseline than small non-WIC stores (66·9 v. 38·0). Both medium and small WIC stores significantly increased their median WIC-AI scores between 2009 and 2010 (P<0·01). The increased median WIC-AI score in small food stores was largely attributed to increased availability of cereals and grains, juices and fruit, and infant fruit and vegetables.ConclusionsThe WIC-AI is a simple tool useful in summarizing complex food store environment data and may be adapted for use in other states or a national level to inform food policy decisions and direction.

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Narmala, Shravan Kumar, and Brian C. Boulmay. "Adequacy of lung cancer tissue samples for ancillary molecular testing in conventionally obtained biopsy material: A 3-year experience of the Louisiana State University (LSU) public hospital in New Orleans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (2013): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.105.

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105 Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that all patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LA) be tested for EGFR mutation and ALK gene rearrangement (EGFR/ALK). Metastatic LA is diagnosed with biopsies often sufficient only for non-molecular based diagnostic techniques; our institutional experience suggested conventionally obtained material was inadequate for EGFR/ALK. We analyzed biopsies performed only with the intent of diagnosing malignancy for adequacy for EGFR/ALK. Methods: We identified patients from LSU diagnosed with metastatic LA whose specimens were sent for EGFR/ALK from January 1, 2009, to June 30, 2013. Data collected included number of specimens sent for EGFR/ALK, number of samples with inadequate tumor, biopsy technique utilized and number of rebiopsy attempts for EGFR/ALK. Results: 54 patients were evaluated in the study time period: 58 individual biopsy specimens were sent for EGFR/ALK. 24/58 (41%) of specimens were found to be inadequate for EGFR/ALK. 11/26 (42%) of bronchoscopically obtained biopsies were inadequate, 9/18 (50%) of computed tomography guided core needle (CTGCN) biopsies were inadequate and 4/14 (28%) samples obtained via thoracentesis, wedge resection, craniotomy, spinal tumor excision, fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes or video assisted thoracoscopic surgery were inadequate. 4/54 (7%) patients underwent rebiopsy, 3 via bronchoscopy and 1 via CTGCN; 3/4 (75%) rebiopsies were sufficient for EGFR/ALK analysis. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of initial LA diagnostic biopsies were inadequate for EGFR/ALK analysis. While EGFR/ALK analysis is now standard of care for patients with LA, only a small percentage of patients in our study underwent rebiopsy. Our institutional practice will be modified to encourage additional biopsies for the specific purpose of molecular testing at the time of initial biopsy for those with suspected LA.

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Keizur, Erin M., Cameron Goldbeck, Gabriella Vavala, et al. "Safety and Effectiveness of Same-Day Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Screening and Treatment Among Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Homeless Youth in Los Angeles, California, and New Orleans, Louisiana." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 47, no. 1 (2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000001088.

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Wennerstrom, Ashley, Catherine Haywood, Maeve Wallace, et al. "Creating Safe Spaces: A Community Health Worker-Academic Partnered Approach to Addressing Intimate Partner Violence." Ethnicity & Disease 28, Supp (2018): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.s2.317.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a persistent public health problem in the United States, with an estimated one in three women experiencing rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner within her lifetime. Non-Hispanic Black women disproportionately experience IPV, but there has been limited success in implementing culturally appropriate prevention programs and services for members of this population. Community health workers (CHWs) are trusted members of under-resourced communities who provide reliable health information and improve the cultural appropriateness of service delivery and may be a vital resource for developing new IPV interventions. Guided by the principles of community partnered participatory research, we developed the CHW-led Safe Spaces project, which aimed to establish a strong academic-community partnership to focus on issues related to experiences of IPV and the prevention of IPV in New Orleans. In this article, we describe the development of our partnership including the formation of an advisory board, creation of a broad-based stakeholder coalition, offering a community partnered participatory research training, conducting IPV education and outreach, and establishing a research agenda. Our processes are replicable and lessons learned may be relevant to other groups seeking to address IPV by leveraging the strengths of community-academic collaborations and CHWs.Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 2):317-324; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S2.317.

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Kanter, Robert K. "Child Mortality After Hurricane Katrina." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 1 (2010): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1935789300002433.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Age-specific pediatric health consequences of community disruption after Hurricane Katrina have not been analyzed. Post-Katrina vital statistics are unavailable. The objectives of this study were to validate an alternative method to estimate child mortality rates in the greater New Orleans area and compare pre-Katrina and post-Katrina mortality rates.Methods: Pre-Katrina 2004 child mortality was estimated from death reports in the local daily newspaper and validated by comparison with pre-Katrina data from the Louisiana Department of Health. Post-Katrina child mortality rates were analyzed as a measure of health consequences.Results: Newspaper-derived estimates of mortality rates appear to be valid except for possible underreporting of neonatal rates. Pre-Katrina and post-Katrina mortality rates were similar for all age groups except infants. Post-Katrina, a 92% decline in mortality rate occurred for neonates (<28 days), and a 57% decline in mortality rate occurred for postneonatal infants (28 days–1 year). The post-Katrina decline in infant mortality rate exceeds the pre-Katrina discrepancy between newspaper-derived and Department of Health–reported rates.Conclusions: A declining infant mortality rate raises questions about persistent displacement of high-risk infants out of the region. Otherwise, there is no evidence of long-lasting post-Katrina excess child mortality. Further investigation of demographic changes would be of interest to local decision makers and planners for recovery after public health emergencies in other regions.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:62-65)

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Xue, Jia, Bowen Zhang, Jennifer Lamori, et al. "Molecular detection of opportunistic pathogens and insights into microbial diversity in private well water and premise plumbing." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 5 (2020): 820–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.271.

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Abstract Private well water systems in rural areas that are improperly maintained will result in poor drinking water quality, loss of water supply, and pose human health risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and opportunistic pathogens in private well water in rural areas surrounding New Orleans, Louisiana. Our results confirmed the ubiquitous nature of Legionella (86.7%) and mycobacteria (68.1%) in private well water in the study area, with gene concentration ranged from 0.60 to 5.53 and 0.67 to 5.95 Log10 of GC/100 mL, respectively. Naegleria fowleri target sequence was detected in 16.8% and Escherichia coli was detected in 43.4% of the water samples. Total coliform, as well as Legionella and mycobacteria genetic markers' concentrations were significantly reduced by 3-minute flushing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data indicated that the abundance of bacterial species was significantly increased in water collected in kitchens compared with samples from wells directly. This study provided integrated knowledge on the persistence of pathogenic organisms in private well water. Further study is needed to explore the presence of clinical species of those opportunistic pathogens in private well water systems to elucidate the health risk.

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Mielke, Howard W., Christopher R. Gonzales, Eric T. Powell, and Paul W. Mielke. "Spatiotemporal exposome dynamics of soil lead and children's blood lead pre- and ten years post-Hurricane Katrina: Lead and other metals on public and private properties in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A." Environmental Research 155 (May 2017): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.036.

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Scott, Rebecca J. "Discerning a Dignitary Offense: The Concept of Equal “Public Rights” during Reconstruction." Law and History Review 38, no. 3 (2020): 519–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248020000255.

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The mountain of modern interpretation to which the language of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution has been subjected tends to overshadow the multiple concepts of antidiscrimination that were actually circulating at the time of its drafting. Moreover, as authors on race and law have pointed out, Congress itself lacked any African American representatives during the 1866–68 moment of transitional justice. The subsequent development of a “state action doctrine” limiting the reach of federal civil rights enforcement, in turn, eclipsed important contemporary understandings of the harms that Reconstruction-era initiatives sought to combat. In contrast to the oblique language of the Fourteenth Amendment, a dignity-based legal theory of affirmative equal rights had by 1867 taken center stage in the cosmopolitan city of New Orleans. Activists formulated the concept of “public rights” as a claim to participation without discrimination in the entire sphere of “common life.” Elections for delegates to Louisiana's Constitutional Convention of 1867–68, held under the broad suffrage mandated by the Military Reconstruction Acts, yielded a convention in which half of the members were men of African descent. Seeking the “impartial treatment of all men” in “[c]hurches, hotels, cars, steamboats, theaters, stores, even schools,” the convention crafted a Bill of Rights that affirmatively guaranteed to all of the state's citizens “the same civil, political, and public rights,” independent of race or color. These innovations in the defense of human rights under law drew from a deep well of anti-caste thinking developed in domestic and transnational discussions conducted in both French and English, with participants from both sides of the Atlantic and the Caribbean. Cosmopolitan progressives such as Edouard Tinchant and Jean-Charles Houzeau worked with Louisiana-born activists including Louis Charles Roudanez, Simeon Belden, and Paul Trévigne to develop and advance the idea of public rights. Legislators crafted and passed state statutes that provided for civil penalties for violation of these rights, along with a private cause of action that could yield both actual and exemplary damages. Throughout the 1870s, however, advocates met a fierce white-supremacist counterattack, one that fused obstructionist litigation, vote suppression, and vigilante violence. A claim to equal treatment under the 1868 constitution was won in the state courts by Josephine Decuir, but was overturned in 1877 at the United States Supreme Court. With the ascent of the Democratic Party, white supremacists–including the lawyer/vigilante Robert Hardin Marr-took their seats on the state Supreme Court. By 1879, the public rights guarantees had been expunged from the state's constitution. Nonetheless, for a crucial decade, the cross-racial politics of Louisiana had overcome many of the deficits of legitimacy that often undercut moments of transitional lawmaking. Delegates to the 1867–68 Constitutional Convention took the opportunity to spell out specific positive rights that they saw as essential to full civil freedom. And at the center, they placed their insistence that the state had an obligation to assure that men and women of color would not be subjected to forced indignity in the public sphere.

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Beech, Bettina M., and Isabel C. Scarinci. "Smoking Attitudes and Practices among Low-Income African-Americans: Qualitative Assessment of Contributing Factors." American Journal of Health Promotion 17, no. 4 (2003): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-17.4.240.

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Purpose. Studies have shown that African-American adolescents are less likely to smoke cigarettes than white youth. National data suggest that this pattern changes in late adolescence and early adulthood. Specifically, African-American adults have a relatively high smoking prevalence rate when compared with other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the sociocultural factors associated with smoking attitudes and practices among low-income African-American young adults. Design. Cross-sectional qualitative study. Settings. High schools, 2-year colleges, housing developments, and trade schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Memphis, Tennessee. Subjects. One hundred eighteen low-income African Americans between 18 and 35 years of age (65 men and 53 women). Measure/Procedure. Fourteen focus groups were conducted with the target population. Nonmonetary incentives were provided for each participant in the 1-hour sessions. The majority of focus group moderators were African-American females trained in focus group moderation. Participants were recruited through flyers and project liaisons at each field location. Results. Themes elicited from the focus groups were classified according to the PEN-3 model, and they included: lighting cigarettes for parents as a first experience with cigarettes, perceived stress relief benefits of smoking, use of cigarettes to extend the sensation of marijuana, and protective factors against smoking such as respect for parental rules. Conclusion. The results indicate that there are specific contextual and familial factors that can contribute to smoking initiation, maintenance, and cessation among low-income African-American young adults. Limitations of this study include the exploratory nature of focus groups and the relatively small sample size. Further studies are necessary to quantitatively examine the role of these factors on smoking patterns in this population.

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Madrid, Paula A., Heidi Sinclair, Antoinette Q. Bankston, et al. "Building Integrated Mental Health and Medical Programs for Vulnerable Populations Post-Disaster: Connecting Children and Families to a Medical Home." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 4 (2008): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000594x.

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AbstractIntroduction:Hurricane Katrina, a Category 3 hurricane, made landfall in August 2005. Approximately 1,500 deaths have been directly attributed to the hurricane, primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi. In New Orleans, Louisiana, most of the healthcare infrastructure was destroyed by flooding, and >200,000 residents became homeless. Many of these internally displaced persons received transitional housing in trailer parks (“villages”) under the auspices of the [US] Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).Problem:The FEMA villages are isolated from residential communities, lack access to healthcare services, and have become unsafe environments. The trailers that house families have been found to be contaminated with formaldehyde.Methods:The Children's Health Fund, in partnership with the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, began a program (“Operation Assist”) to provide health and mental health services within a medical home model. This program includes the Baton Rouge Children's Health Project (BRCHP), which consists of two mobile medical units (one medical and one mental health). Licensed professionals at the FEMA villages and other isolated communities provide care on these mobile units. Medical and psychiatric diagnoses from the BRCHP are summarized and case vignettes presented.Results:Immediately after the hurricane, prescription medications were difficult to obtain. Complaints of headache, nosebleeds, and stomachache were observed at an unusually frequent degree for young children, and were potentially attributable to formaldehyde exposure. Dermatological conditions included eczema, impetigo, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) abscesses, and tinea corporis and capitis. These were especially difficult to treat because of unhygienic conditions in the trailers and ongoing formaldehyde exposure. Signs of pediatric under-nutrition included anemia, failure to thrive, and obesity. Utilization of initial mental health services was low due to pressing survival needs and concern about stigma. Once the mental health service became trusted in the community, frequent diagnoses for school-age children included disruptive behavior disorders and learning problems, with underlying depression, anxiety, and stress disorders. Mood and anxiety disorders and substance abuse were prevalent among the adolescents and adults, including parents.Conclusions:There is a critical and long-term need for medical and mental health services among affected populations following a disaster due to natural hazards. Most patients required both medical and mental health care, which underscores the value of co-locating these services.

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Narmala, Shravan Kumar, Sumalatha Puligothram, Saima Jahangir, Troy Scroggins, Cruz Velasco-Gonzales, and Brian C. Boulmay. "Impact of absence of in-house radiation facilities for patients (pts) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced head and cancer (LAHNC): A 3-year public hospital (PH) experience at Louisiana State University (LSU) in New Orleans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 15_suppl (2014): e17523-e17523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e17523.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Public spaces – Louisiana – New Orleans'

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