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1
Santana, Maria Elena, and n/a. "Eco-efficient timber use through bio-sensitive design." University of Canberra. Architecture and Building, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.164347.
Full textAbstract:
A significant number of building materials are based on wood. Wood
competes with other materials and products for many building applications
from structural framing to cladding. Wood appears to be preferable because
of its aesthetic and structural properties, its versatility, economic cost and
environmental benefits. However, timber wastage within the construction
industry is incalculable. Waste occurs at all stages of the timber resource
stream: procurement, conversion, installation, use, maintenance, dismantling
and eventual disposal. Much of this loss can be avoided through eco-design
strategies based on a better understanding of the total resource flows.
This thesis addresses the ecological implications associated with the use and
over-exploitation of timber in building construction. Applying bio-sensitive
design principles and using a life cycle approach, the thesis examines ways
of maximising timber resource yield through appropriate materials selection,
design strategies and construction techniques to reduce their ecological
footprint.
Finally, an easy-to-use guide that incorporates economic and aesthetic-value
criteria to the analysis is developed. The guide is aimed to offer a flexible
decision-support tool that enables designers and other people involved in the
construction industry to comprehend in a systematic way, the multiple
dimensions interacting when selecting timber-building products. It is thus,
intended to explore in practice the implications and trade-offs of state of the
art timber products with the ultimate aim of integrating the ecological
dimension to the decision-making process.
2
McGeachie, Mark Thomas. "Characterisation of the Sydney region in relation to corrosion, timber decay risk factors and the corrosion of nails in timber in covered conditions /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030326.082457/index.html.
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Ren, YongLin, and n/a. "Carbonyl sulphide as a fumigant for grain and timber : efficacy towards organisms and formation of residues." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.120137.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an investigation of carbonyl sulphide as a new fumigant
and related methodology studies. The first part involved the investigation of a new
fumigant - carbonyl sulphide, which has the potential to replace methyl bromide.
Its biological response or activity was investigated, e.g. toxicity to target organisms
and phytotoxicity, environmental and worker safety considerations. In the second
investigation, analytical methods were developed for the determination of fumigant
movement through timber and fumigant residues in grains as well as a method of
chemical fractionation to determine the fate of carbonyl sulphide. A comprehensive
literature review of 161 references in these two areas is reported.
Carbonyl sulphide was highly toxic to adults of three coleopteran species
tested, namely Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium confusum du Val, and
Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the most sensitive species was R. dominica. For 6 hr
exposure at 25�C, the L(CxT)95 value for R. dominica, S. oryzae and T. confusum
were, respectively, 36.48, 99.82 and 113.0mg h L-1. Carbonyl sulphide inhibited
100% of mould in wet wheat and more than 90% of mould on dry wheat at lOOmg
L-1. Both carbonyl sulphide and hydrogen cyanide were low in phytotoxicity
without affecting germination of wheat, at levels needed to control insects. Unlike
hydrogen cyanide, carbonyl sulphide can be used at minimum levels without
decreasing plumule length of wheat.
Chemical data on the sorption of carbonyl sulphide are compared with data
from methyl bromide. The levels of carbonyl sulphide in the headspace of five
commodities (wheat, barley, paddy, sorghum and peanut) and timbers (hardwood
and softwood) decay more slowly than do levels of methyl bromide. Carbonyl
sulphide was blown through a column of wheat as easily as was phosphine and
more easily than was methyl bromide, and its front was blown out faster than
phosphine and methyl bromide. Movement of two fumigants (methyl bromide and
carbonyl sulphide) through, and sorption on, softwood and hardwood were studied.
Each fumigant was sorbed less on softwood than on hardwood and penetrated
softwood better than hardwood. Carbonyl sulphide penetrated timber better than
did methyl bromide, and was less sorbed on timber. A rapid method of solvent
extraction was developed to enable rapid estimation of the amount on intact
fumigant sorbed in wood. This procedure enabled near quantitative recovery of
methyl bromide as either intact fumigant or as bromide ion.
Carbonyl sulphide residue in unfumigated wheat was found to be around 25-
SOppb. Carbonyl sulphide left little residue on fumigated grains. Desorption of
carbonyl sulphide from the wheat was extremely fast, 85% of it was released after
one day aeration which was very much greater than that of methyl bromide and
carbon disulphide. After 6 days aeration the incorporation of 14COS on mungbean,
wheat, paddy, rice and safflower was lower than 7Oppb (calculated as COS
equivalent). Food value or nutritional quality of foodstuffs is not harmed by
carbonyl sulphide fumigation. This result was assessed by identifying any nonreversible
change or combined residues in biochemical fractions of commodities
including lipids, protein, amino acids, carbohydrate, etc., and no irreversible
reaction between carbonyl sulphide and any constituent such as B vitamin, atocopherol,
lysine, maltose and starch. Fumigants did not affect lipids, although
each fumigant was applied to wheat at exaggerated concentrations, nor wheat germ
oil and canola oil treated with extremely high concentration of fumigants.
Factors which affect analysis of fumigants including stability of chemicals
in extraction solvent and partitioning of fumigant between solvent and air, were
examined. The partition ratio, defined as the fumigant concentration in extraction
solvent to that in the headspace, varied with fumigant. Methods for multi-fumigant
analysis were developed or modified and gave high recoveries and efficiency. The
procedure of Daft of solvent extraction followed by partitioning was modified by
being performed in sealed flasks. This raised the recovery of carbonyl sulphide,
methyl bromide, phosphine and carbon disulphide. Recoveries were near
quantitative at levels down to 6-16ppb (w/w) for tested fumigants. Thus the
modified Daft method can be adapted to enable determination of the main fumigants
used on staple foodstuffs. Microwave irradiation method give higher efficiency of
removal of fumigants from grains. Limits of quantification were < 0.2ng g-1 (ppb
w/w) for each tested fumigant. The detection limit of COS was calculated, as
natural levels of the fumigant were detected in commodities. These are feasible,
simple and rapid (< 2 min.) to be use to analyse fumigant residue in grains.
Carbonyl sulphide has potential as a fumigant for grain and timber and may
replace methyl bromide in some uses, subject to further investigation in commercial
situations.
4
Haque, M. N. "Modelling of solar kilns and the development of an optimised schedule for drying hardwood timber /." Connect to full text, 2002. http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/adt/public_html/adt-NU/public/adt-NU20041011.133438.
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5
Marty, Gérard. "Sociologie des institutions marchandes : le cas de la mise en vente des bois publics en Lorraine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040081/document.
Full textAbstract:
A travers cette thèse nous apportons un éclairage sociologique au débat engagé depuis des décennies sur la problématique de la mise en vente des bois publics. A ce titre, nous étudions, dans la première partie de la thèse, le système d’enchères qui reste encore le principal mode de vente utilisé par l’Office National des Forêts. Nous identifions les conditions d’encastrement de ces ventes, considérant que les comportements des participants sont déterminés par l’interaction complexe de facteurs économiques, socio-structuraux, politiques, cognitifs, institutionnels formels et informels. Nous montrons à cette occasion que l’intérêt accordé à l’enchère réside dans sa capacité à trouver collectivement un consensus sur la valeur et l’allocation des lots de bois. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous analysons l’évolution récente du cadre institutionnel appliqué aux ventes de bois publics en nous appuyant sur les notions de construction sociale des institutions et de dépendance au chemin. Nous y démontrons que, malgré le verrouillage institutionnel organisé autour de l’enchère pendant plusieurs siècles, le développement des contrats d’approvisionnement, à la suite des tempêtes de 1999 et de l’action concertée d’une partie de la filière bois, marque l’émergence d’un embranchement institutionnel en matière de vente de bois publics. La présentation des facteurs économiques et non économiques mis en avant par les partisans de chacun des deux modes de vente nous amène à conclure que la double trajectoire institutionnelle (enchères/contrats d’approvisionnement) devrait dans l’avenir permettre de répondre aux différentes problématiques d’approvisionnement propres à la filière boisThis thesis gives a sociological perspective on a debate that started more than thirty years ago, concerning the choice of methods for selling public timber. For this reason, the first part of the thesis focuses on the study of the auction system − the main selling method still used by the French National Forest Service. We have identified the conditions of the embeddedness of auctions, considering that during the exchanges actors are influenced by the complex interaction of economic, socio-structural, politic, cognitive, formal and informal institutional factors. We have shown that the point in using auctions has to do with its capacity to collectively find a consensus about the value and the distribution of timber lots. In the second part of the thesis, we have analyzed the recent evolution of the institutional framework applied to the public timber sales by leaning on the concepts of “the social construction of institutions” and “path dependence”. We have demonstrated that, despite the institutional lock-in that has been organized around the auction (since) for many centuries, the raise of supply contracts − due to the storms of 1999 and the planned action of a part of the timber industry − has indicated the outbreak of an institutional junction regarding the selling methods of public timber. After the presentation of the economic and non-economic factors underlined by the supporters of both selling methods we have concluded that in the future the double trajectory (auction/supply contracts) should be kept, since it should make it easier to find solutions to the various supply-related problems of the timber industry
6
Johnson, William F. "Survey and Analysis of Local Forestry-Related Ordinances in the Northeast, Mid-West, and Western United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10151.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States, federal, state, and local forest policies affect many aspects of the forest industry. Regulations from all levels dictate how resource professionals manage the forest resources of the country. This study examines state and local regulatory relationships with a primary focus on local regulations in the Northeast, Mid-West, and western regions of the United States.
A total of 388 local forestry ordinances were identified among the 35 states of the Northeast, Mid-West, and western regions of the United States. The Northeast contains the majority of local forest ordinances with 351. These ordinances are distributed among 8 states and many small local government types. The Mid-West currently embraces fewer local forest regulations with 16 ordinances across 4 states. In the West, 21 local forestry ordinances were found of which most are fostered by comprehensive forest practice acts. The primary objective of most local regulations in all regions is to regulate timber harvesting to some degree. The scope of the remaining local regulations; however, varied by region.
The presence of local regulations has existed for over 30 years, and there are indications that they will have an even greater impact on forest management in the future. In addition, local regulations are steadily becoming more comprehensive in scope, which makes it difficult to determine their impacts. The cumulative impact of local regulation rests not only in the number of ordinances, but also in the area they govern, stringency of provisions, local resource conditions, and degree of enforcement.Master of Science
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Moura, Débora Moreira de Oliveira. "Cadeia produtiva da mangaba no estado de Sergipe : desafios para sustentabilidade e gestão participativa." Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8822.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESExtractive activity is not always sustainable, since it is embedded in complex environmental and socioeconomic contexts. The extraction of mango fruit (Hancornia especiosa Gomes) is an activity of socioeconomic importance for Sergipe, however, it is argued that the current structure and interrelations developed in the marketing flow of mangaba in the state have negatively implicated in the sustainability of the productive chain of the fruit. In this sense, the thesis was developed in three axes - Public Policies, Production Chain and Sustainability - structured in three chapters in order to answer the research questions formulated: 1) Chapter 1 - Public policies for Brazilian forest management have led to a sustainable exploitation of non-timber forest products (NTFP), allowing to combine economic market growth with social justice and environmental protection?; 2) Chapter 2 - What are and how are the different stages of transformation and transfer of products from the mangaba and the actors involved in the state of Sergipe?; 3) Chapter 3 - What are the critical points related to the exploitation of mangaba in the state and how do these critical points reflect the sustainability of the productive chain? The methodology used for the data collection was the theoretical review and the data collection in the field through workshops and interviews, analyzed through the triangulation of data. The selection of the participants was done through non-probabilistic intentional sampling, with the aid of the "snowball" technique. The measurement of sustainability was done through the adaptation of the Matrix of Importance and Performance of Slack. Participating in the research were 57 extractivists, 15 non-extractive tradesmen, five middlemen, four landowners and five industries. It was concluded that: 1) Through existing public policies, the country does not have efficient mechanisms for the management of forestry extractive activity; therefore, it is necessary to restructure and create new mechanisms for protection and management of NTFP uses in Brazil; 2) A Mangaba Agroextractive Complex (CAEM) was identified in the state of Sergipe, composed of three productive chain structures with distinct production and marketing dynamics, which interrelate and demand different paths to strengthen the entire CAEM; 3) The sustainability of the mangaba productive chain in the state of Sergipe is compromised, according to the opinion of the different social actors involved. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the current structure and interrelations developed in the marketing flow of mangaba in the state of Sergipe have negatively implicated in the sustainability of the productive chain of the fruit. Thus, through these results, it is imperative that public policies involving the maintenance of mangabeira be built in partnership with society, ensuring adequacy to the reality of the different social actors involved in the fruit production chain in the state of Sergipe. These policies must be formulated to meet and comply with a territorial reality, encompassing other extractive products exploited in the state of Sergipe and region, with the objective of contributing to the sustainable use and valorization of socio-biodiversity, aiming at the long-term regional development.
A atividade extrativista nem sempre é sustentável, visto que está inserida em contextos ambientais e socioeconômicos complexos. O extrativismo do fruto da mangabeira (Hancornia especiosa Gomes) é uma atividade de importância socioeconômica para Sergipe, contudo, defende-se que a atual estrutura e inter-relações desenvolvidas no fluxo de comercialização da mangaba no estado têm implicado negativamente na sustentabilidade da cadeia produtiva do fruto. Neste sentido, a tese foi desenvolvida em três eixos - Políticas Públicas, Cadeia Produtiva e Sustentabilidade - estruturados em três capítulos de modo a responder às perguntas de pesquisa formuladas: 1) Capítulo 1 - As políticas públicas para a gestão florestal brasileira têm conduzido à uma exploração sustentável dos Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNM), permitindo aliar o crescimento econômico de mercado com a justiça social e a proteção ambiental?; 2) Capítulo 2 - Quais são e como se caracterizam as diferentes etapas de transformação e transferência dos produtos oriundos da mangaba e os atores nelas envolvidos, no estado de Sergipe?; 3) Capítulo 3 - Quais são os pontos críticos relacionados à exploração da mangaba no estado e como estes pontos críticos refletem na sustentabilidade da cadeia produtiva fruto? A metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foi a revisão teórica e a coleta de dados em campo por meio de oficinas e entrevistas, analisados através da triangulação de dados. A seleção dos participantes se deu mediante amostragem intencional não probabilística, com o auxílio da técnica “bola de neve”. A mensuração da sustentabilidade foi feita por meio da adaptação da Matriz de Importância e Desempenho de Slack. Participaram da pesquisa 57 extrativistas, 15 feirantes não-extrativistas, cinco atravessadores, quatro proprietários de terra e cinco indústrias. Concluiu-se que: 1) Mediante as políticas públicas vigentes, o país não possui mecanismos eficientes de gestão da atividade extrativista florestal, assim, é necessário reestruturar e criar novos mecanismos de proteção e ordenamento dos usos dos PFNM no Brasil; 2) Foi identificado um Complexo Agroextrativista da Mangaba (CAEM) no estado de Sergipe, composto por três estruturas de cadeia produtiva com dinâmicas de produção e comercialização distintas, que se inter-relacionam e demandam diferentes caminhos para o fortalecimento de todo o CAEM; 3) A sustentabilidade da cadeia produtiva da mangaba no estado de Sergipe encontra-se comprometida, de acordo com a opinião dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que que a atual estrutura e interrelações desenvolvidas no fluxo de comercialização da mangaba no estado de Sergipe têm implicado negativamente na sustentabilidade da cadeia produtiva do fruto. Assim, mediante estes resultados, afirma-se que é imperativo que políticas públicas que envolvam a conservação da mangabeira sejam construídas em parceria com a sociedade, garantindo adequação à realidade dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos na cadeia produtiva do fruto no estado de Sergipe. Essas políticas devem ser formuladas para atender e enquadrar-se à uma realidade territorial, englobando os demais produtos extrativos explorados no estado de Sergipe e região, com o objetivo de contribuir para o uso sustentável e a valorização da sociobiodiversidade, visando ao desenvolvimento regional à longo prazo.
São Cristóvão, SE
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Říhová, Táňa. "Kulturně-společenské centrum Brno-přehrada /téma "Brno-město uprostřed Evropy"/." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225833.
Full textAbstract:
The area is located in the vicinity of the Brno reservoir, specifically from the shipping dock to the bay Rakovec. The project addresses the links between these two points by pedestrian, bicycle and wheel-promenade, which runs both on shore and on the water. The first part is the area of pedestrian zone with buildings in the form of waves, which offers various services such as restaurant equipment, information center and a music bar and more others. Buildings protrude from the terrain field and they are designed as a reinforced concrete structure with steel beams and their roofs are walkable. In addition, walking and biking trails continue along the shore and they are separated by terrain elevation. The complex of cultural, social and sports center is located in the ness of existing beach Kozí Horka. There is a proposed cultural center facilities, stage and auditorium, café & snack bar, showers and public toilets, first aid, bike rental and sports facilities. These functions are grouped into four objects solved as a timber (light wood frame, sandwich external walls with ventilated facade). The buildings are single-storey construction with a height of 4000 mm and wheelchair accessible. Stage and auditorium is solved afloat on circular piers mobile on rails. These piers conclude two buildings into the arc from the shore; their mass is hidden behind the structure of steel beams covered by wooden logs (driftwood) acting as waterfowl nest in the view from the shores. Pedestrian and bicycle promenade continues along the shore and is connected by the bridge to the yacht club.
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Arab, Albara. "Dům krátké cesty v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227115.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of my thesis is an architectural study of a multifunctional residental building located at Svitava river bank which is surrounded by streets named Masna, Krenova and Hladikova. The objective of the study is to design a building that would utilize the space effectively and restore its function. As a result of the study, my project is divided into three compounds with the inner being a semi-public space, linked to its sruroundings by many passages and two main boulevards. The three combounds are composed of one administration block which is four storeys and the other two compounds are five storeys high, with the ground and first floors being different facilities e.g. kindergarden, restaurant, bank ,café, clinics, library, gallery, shops and a senior center. From the third to the fifth floor there are designated housing apartments comprising of small economic flats. The building has a two-floor basement, with a supermarket, technical facilities and parking. The construction of the building is from monolithic reinforced concrete frame, with the horizontal structure composed of beamless slabs. The facade is designed by using a combination of two materials i.e. white plaster and timber cladding as horizontal panels.
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Jaireth, Subhash, and Subhash Jaireth@ga gov au. "Theatre of the times of Socrates, Lunin and Nero : Time and space in Edvard Radzinskiis trilogy Theatre of the Times ." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 1996. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20091027.093131.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1969 and 1980 Edvard Radzinskii wrote three historico-political plays which were later published as a trilogy entitled Theatre of the Times
. This thesis attempts to unravel the nature of time in the trilogy and invokes Mikhail Bakhtins notion about the forms of time and the chronotope in literary narratives to do that. Bakhtinian concept of the chronotope provides a suitable strategy for reading a trilogy that aims to re-present real time, place and human beings. The concept also provides a vantage point from where the trilogy can be read both from within the time-space of its main protagonists and from that of its author, readers, performers and spectators.
¶
Both Dialogues with Socrates' and 'Lunin
are structured around the chronotope of the prison which is associated with the chronotope of the acropolis in Dialogues with Socrates and with the chronotope of the masked-ball in Lunin
. In Theatre of the Times of Nero and Seneca the circus-theatre functions as the main chronotope. All these chronotopes serve as plot-constitutive devices and provide appropriate space in which the lives and times of the main protagonists can be adequately re-presented. However, the use of the concept of the chronotope in reading the trilogy does not imply that it can be read meaningfully only from within the time-space of its protagonists. The trilogy reconstructs the historical time-space but also engages in a substantial way with contemporary Soviet reality. This is achieved through an interaction between literary and real chronotopes. There is little doubt that most Soviet readers, performers and spectators negotiatied the chronotopes of the prison and the circus-theatre and the motifs of show-trial and execution from within their own time-space, their own historical experience. The thesis discusses a large number of reviews published in Soviet media to show that most critics read the trilogy from within the discourses about positive hero and socialist realism, because of which Socrates and Lunin were also turned into positive heroes.
¶
One of the most intriguing aspect of the three plays is the play within a play structure which achieves its maximum potential in the final play of the trilogy where it is combined with the theme of metamorphoses and multiple role playing. The trilogy, like Pirandellos trilogy about theatre, is able to foreground its own theatricality and explore the role of theatricality and role playing in and outside theatre. In Theatre of the Times of Nero and Seneca the boundary between role playing in life and in theatre becomes so blurred that history begins to resemble the writing and staging of a play.
¶
Apart from exploring the nature of theatricality, the trilogy also questions the conventions of its genre. The three plays do not follow the conventional framing devices employed by dramatic texts and foreground the presence of a mediating narrator. This novelisation, is more evident in Lunin
in which the frequent use of verbs in the past tense in the extra-dialogic text can be linked to the presence of a mediating narrator.
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Banič, Róbert. "Multifunční budova na ul. Obchodná v Bratislavě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409975.
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Předmětem této diplomové práce je návrh a projektová dokumentace pětipodlažní multifunkční budovy se 2 suterénními podlažími pro parkování pro 52 aut. První 2 patra jsou veřejná - k pronájmu je 23 samostatných prostor. Horní 3 podlaží obsahují 18 bytů a mají samostatné vchody se dvěma schodišti a 2 výtahy. Budova má dvě úrovně střechy a obě jsou pochozí s malým parkem a vegetací. Budova se nachází v hlavním městě Slovenska, Bratislavě, na Obchodní ulici. Záměrem je nahradit dvě staré budovy ve velmi špatném stavu. Z architektonického hlediska má tato budova zapadat do historického vzhledu ulice úpravou tvaru oken a materiálů a zároveň působit mírně moderně. Z konstrukčního hlediska má budova rámové nosné konstrukce z betonových nosníků sloupů a obousměrně vyztužených betonových desek vyplněných dřevěnými konstrukcemi a lehké sádrokartonové příčky.
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Eriksson, Nathalie. "Damfotbollsspelares kostintag under 24 timmar retroperspektiv intervjustudie : En tvärsnittundersökning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23502.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka kostintaget hos amatördamfotbollsspelare i division 2, 3 och 5 i mellersta Sverige. Studien är en deskriptiv, empirisk tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen bestod av 24 h recall intervjuer och en enkät med bakgrundsinformation om deltagaren. Deltagarnas genomsnittliga kaloriintag beräknades med hjälp av programmet Dietist Net Pro till 1979 kilokalorier/dag utifrån medianvärde, att jämföra med det genomsnittliga rekommenderade dagliga intaget som beräknades till 2137 kcal, (även detta utifrån medianvärdet). Det låga energiintaget bidrog även till att deltagarna inte nådde upp i RDI för järn, folat, vitamin D, kalcium, magnesium och kolhydrater. Det var 19 deltagare som åt mer än genomsnittet av kilokalorier och 21 deltagare som åt under genomsnittskalorierna. Inga statistiska signifikanta skillnader i energi- eller näringsintag kunde påvisas mellan deltagare i olika divisioner eller åldersgrupper. Damfotbollsspelarna i denna studie visade sig äta för lite energi utifrån sitt energibehov, vilket potentiellt kan bidra till näringsbrister, specifikt fråga om järn, folat, vitamin D, kalcium, magnesium och kolhydrater. Detta riskerar leda till försämrad prestationsförmåga vid träning och match, försämrad allmän hälsa och återhämtningen, nedbrytning av kroppen kan förekomma och vardagsorken kan försämras med ett otillräckligt energiintag i relation till träningsfrekvens, intensitet och duration. Denna studie kan vara ett första steg inom Sverige för att förstå att kost och träning är viktiga komponenter för att kunna prestera och orka med längre stunder av ansträngning.The aim of the study was to examine the dietary intake of female amateur football players in the division 2, 3 and 5 in the middle part of Sweden. The study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data collection consisted of 24 hour recall interviews and a questionnaire with background information about the participant. The participants consisted of 40 female football players from divisions 2, 3 and 5. The participants' average calorie intake was estimated using the program Dietist Net Pro 1979 kilocalories (kcal)/day, compared with the average recommended daily allowance (RDA), which was estimated at 2137 kcal. The low energy consumption contributed to the participants' inability to meet the RDA for iron, folate, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and carbohydrates. There were 19 participants who ate more than the average amount of energy and 21 participants who ate below the average amount of calories. No statistically significant differences in energy or nutrient intake could be established between the participants in different divisions or age groups. Female football players in this study were found to eat too little energy (food) on the basis of their energy needs, which may potentially contribute to nutritional deficiencies, specifically in iron, folate, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and carbohydrates. Deficiencies in these nutrients may lead to impaired performance in training and matches, impaired general health and recovery, and to a break-down of body tissues for energy.
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Tan, Lay Siong, and n/a. "The Straits Times' reporting of Singapore's communication news, 1992-1995." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.101002.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse how the Straits Times reported
Singapore's communication news between May 1992 and October 1995,
with a focus on Singapore's communication regionalisation. This study is
a modest attempt to depart from some of the approaches taken by recent
communication related studies of the Singapore experience. They tend to
focus on the domestic side of state-press relationship and the issue of
Singaporean press freedom, without sustained consideration of external
forces, such as globalisation.
This analysis provides a synthesis of secondary sources and a qualitative
content analysis of communication news in the Straits Times. The results
suggest there has been a convergence between the stories in the Straits
Times and official views about two themes - business regionalisation and
'Asian' media standards. Results suggest the government has an
extensive influence over Singapore's communication, especially with
regard to media content. Also, the analysis shows Singapore's
identification with Asia, despite bilateral and regional tensions in business
and culture, and suggests an uneasy relationship between Singapore and
the West, in particular, with the US. That is, while Singapore's business
relations with the US are good, its cultural relations are not, especially
when Singapore's practice of media standards does not accept the
American interpretation, but one based on its national interests.
This study provides a glimpse of global communication forces which
are influencing Singapore's communication development, as interpreted
in the stories from the Straits Times. Although there remains
uncertainties about Singapore's communication future, this study may
provide an insight as to whether Singapore has taken the right direction
in becoming a leading country in advocating an 'Asian voice'.
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Lamahewa, Tharaka Anuradha, and tharaka lamahewa@anu edu au. "Space-Time Coding and Space-Time Channel Modelling for Wireless Communications." The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070816.152647.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis we investigate the effects of the physical
constraints such as antenna aperture size, antenna geometry and
non-isotropic scattering distribution parameters (angle of
arrival/departure and angular spread) on the performance of coherent
and non-coherent space-time coded wireless communication systems.
First, we derive analytical expressions for the exact pairwise error
probability (PEP) and PEP upper-bound of coherent and non-coherent
space-time coded systems operating over spatially correlated fading
channels using a moment-generating function-based approach. These
analytical expressions account for antenna spacing, antenna
geometries and scattering distribution models. Using these new PEP
expressions, the degree of the effect of antenna spacing, antenna
geometry and angular spread is quantified on the diversity advantage
(robustness) given by a space-time code. It is shown that the number
of antennas that can be employed in a fixed antenna aperture without
diminishing the diversity advantage of a space-time code is
determined by the size of the antenna aperture, antenna geometry and
the richness of the scattering environment.
¶
In realistic channel environments the performance of space-time
coded multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems is significantly
reduced due to non-ideal antenna placement and non-isotropic
scattering. In this thesis, by exploiting the spatial dimension of a
MIMO channel we introduce the novel use of linear spatial precoding
(or power-loading) based on fixed and known parameters of MIMO
channels to ameliorate the effects of non-ideal antenna placement on
the performance of coherent and non-coherent space-time codes. The
spatial precoder virtually arranges the antennas into an optimal
configuration so that the spatial correlation between all antenna
elements is minimum. With this design, the precoder is fixed for
fixed antenna placement and the transmitter does not require any
feedback of channel state information (partial or full) from the
receiver. We also derive precoding schemes to exploit non-isotropic
scattering distribution parameters of the scattering channel to
improve the performance of space-time codes applied on MIMO systems
in non-isotropic scattering environments. However, these schemes
require the receiver to estimate the non-isotropic parameters and
feed them back to the transmitter.
¶
The idea of precoding based on fixed parameters of MIMO channels is
extended to maximize the capacity of spatially constrained dense
antenna arrays. It is shown that the theoretical maximum capacity
available from a fixed region of space can be achieved by power
loading based on previously unutilized channel state information
contained in the antenna locations. We analyzed the correlation
between different modal orders generated at the transmitter region
due to spatially constrained antenna arrays in non-isotropic
scattering environments, and showed that adjacent modes contribute
to higher correlation at the transmitter region. Based on this
result, a power loading scheme is proposed which reduces the effects
of correlation between adjacent modes at the transmitter region by
nulling power onto adjacent transmit modes.
¶
Furthermore, in this thesis a general space-time channel model for
down-link transmission in a mobile multiple antenna communication
system is developed. The model incorporates deterministic
quantities such as physical antenna positions and the motion of the
mobile unit (velocity and the direction), and random quantities to
capture random scattering environment modeled using a bi-angular
power distribution and, in the simplest case, the covariance between
transmit and receive angles which captures statistical
interdependency. The Kronecker model is shown to be a special case
when the power distribution is separable and is shown to
overestimate MIMO system performance whenever there is more than one
scattering cluster. Expressions for space-time cross correlations
and space-frequency cross spectra are given for a number of
scattering distributions using Gaussian and Morgenstern's family of
multivariate distributions. These new expressions extend the
classical Jake's and Clarke's correlation models to general
non-isotropic scattering environments.
15
Wise, Amanda Yvonne. "No longer in exile? : shifting experiences of home, homeland and identity for the East Timorese refugee diaspora in Australia in light of East Timor's independence /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031117.142448/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2002.A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, October 2002, Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-291).
16
Wang, Xin, and n/a. "Research of mixture of experts model for time series prediction." University of Otago. Department of Information Science, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070312.144924.
Full textAbstract:
For the prediction of chaotic time series, a dichotomy has arisen between local approaches and global approaches. Local approaches hold the reputation of simplicity and feasibility, but they generally do not produce a compact description of the underlying system and are computationally intensive. Global approaches have the advantage of requiring less computation and are able to yield a global representation of the studied time series. However, due to the complexity of the time series process, it is often not easy to construct a global model to perform the prediction precisely. In addition to these approaches, a combination of the global and local techniques, called mixture of experts (ME), is also possible, where a smaller number of models work cooperatively to implement the prediction.
This thesis reports on research about ME models for chaotic time series prediction. Based on a review of the techniques in time series prediction, a HMM-based ME model called "Time-line" Hidden Markov Experts (THME) is developed, where the trajectory of the time series is divided into some regimes in the state space and regression models called local experts are applied to learn the mapping on the regimes separately. The dynamics for the expert combination is a HMM, however, the transition probabilities are designed to be time-varying and conditional on the "real time" information of the time series. For the learning of the "time-line" HMM, a modified Baum-Welch algorithm is developed and the convergence of the algorithm is proved.
Different versions of the model, based on MLP, RBF and SVM experts, are constructed and applied to a number of chaotic time series on both one-step-ahead and multi-step-ahead predictions. Experiments show that in general THME achieves better generalization performance than the corresponding single models in one-step-ahead prediction and comparable to some published benchmarks in multi-step-ahead prediction. Various properties of THME, such as the feature selection for trajectory dividing, the clustering techniques for regime extraction, the "time-line" HMM for expert combination and the performance of the model when it has different number of experts, are investigated.
A number of interesting future directions for this work are suggested, which include the feature selection for regime extraction, the model selection for transition probability modelling, the extension to distribution prediction and the application on other time series.
17
Miller, Elizabeth Jill, and jill miller@anu edu au. "Both borrowers and lenders: Time banks and the aged in Japan." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080618.143218.
Full textAbstract:
The rapid ageing of Japans population is occurring in the midst of accelerating social change, causing a rethinking about what it means to grow old. Some older Japanese are pioneering new models for ageing through their involvement in groups known as time banks. These are non-profit organisations which trade time, a universal possession, rather than conventional currency for services. Time given in volunteering is banked for future redemption as assistance for the giver, with points paid per hour. This first study of the impact of time banks on the lives of older Japanese members aims to chart how such groups can help both their senior members and society as a whole.¶
Time banks now exist across the globe but the worlds first time bank was established in 1973 by a Japanese woman. She aspired to create a new form of currency that could give people greater control of their lives and foster warmer community links. The benefits that older time bank members derive include formation of new friendship networks to replace those lost by retirement and the chance to use old skills and learn new ones. Time banks can generate a new form of social capital that fosters traditional Japanese reciprocity and has ikigai or sense of meaning in life as one of its main pillars.¶
This research is based on both three-months of fieldwork in Japan and an extensive literature review in Japanese, English and Chinese. It has been by aided by accessibility to the thoughts of the founders of four major time banks through their books and also by their group web sites. My study follows on from an MPhil thesis that compared ageing in China and Japan and draws on my experience living in Japan for 10 years between 1979 and 1991 in both Kansai and Kanto.¶
The literature indicates that social participation is a crucial component for maintaining both psychological and physical health in the later years. While this is a qualitative study and there is yet to be a qualitative review of the effects of time banks in Japan, feedback I received from older members of the first time bank shows that time banks can foster a meaningful later life. ¶
The 21st century has been dubbed that of the aged as greater mass longevity boosts their numbers to unprecedented levels. This thesis questions whether organizations such as time banks can make a significant difference to the quality of life that older people enjoy in this new era. The theoretical framework examines whether the social exchange that these groups nurture can enhance the social capital of their communities, creating a positive image for ageing.
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Munton, Alexander J., and alexmunton@hotmail com. "A study of the offshore petroleum negotiations between Australia, the U.N. and East Timor." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080103.103318.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I investigate the process of international negotiation to resolve a serious dispute between Australia and East Timor over offshore oil and gas, which arose after East Timors transition to independence in 1999. The central aim is to uncover and analyse the dynamics of the negotiations, and to explain how outcomes were determined. The question of negotiated outcomes is of special significance given the extent to which East Timor was able to move Australia beyond its preferred outcome. In this case, the seemingly weaker party was able to overcome a more powerful bargaining opponent. My aim in writing this thesis is to explain why that was possible and how it was achieved.
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Hertel, Russel, and n/a. "Time-in: a logical consequence for misbehaving children in primary school." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060207.140309.
Full textAbstract:
Time-In, A Logical Consequence for Misbehaving Students,
studied the effects of a primary school discipline program
designed and implemented by a trainee school counsellor. The
program delivered a series of logical consequences for students'
misbehaviour and a formalized entry point for counselling
intervention.
The program was based on a critical incident technique that
required teachers to issue infringement notices to misbehaving
students who failed to respond to warnings or contravened existing
rules regarding safe and responsible behaviour. Counselling and
system responses (loss of privileges, parent notification, in
school suspension, exclusion) occurred within an established
formula dependent on the number of infringements accruing to the
student. The school counsellor assumed full responsibility for
the collection of infringements, monitoring of on-going student
misbehaviour, parental contact and overall management functions of
the host school's discipline program. Counselling sessions and
mode of therapy were selected and employed to meet the specific
needs of misbehaving students once extended misbehaviour patterns
emerged.
Data collected throughout the study's duration (one year)
indicated a decline in the number of recurring offenders and a
drop-off in the number of infringements received by those pupils
who continued to transgress school policies regarding safe and
responsible behaviour. Five hundred and forty-seven infringement
notices were issued during the study which resulted in a total of
83 counselling sessions. Male students dominated all categories
of misbehaviour and accounted for 86% of the infringements issued.
Seventy-seven per cent of infringements issued were from class
teacher to students in the class setting.
Three questionnaires were administered at the end of the
program to teachers, parents and students. Both parent and
teacher questionnaire results supported Time-In procedures but
almost half of the students responded negatively to the
continuation of the program. Several hypotheses were posited for
this outcome.
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Tegabu, Zegeye Desalegn. "Assessment of waiting and service times in public and private health care facilities in Gondar district, North western Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2717.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Public Health - MPHThe development and provision of equitable and acceptable standard of health services to all segments of the population has been the major objective of the 1993 Ethiopian National health policy. However, community based studies on satisfaction with public health care facilities reveal that the majority of the population are not satisfied with the services provided predominantly as a result of the long waiting times. Studies done on private health facilities on the contrary reveal that patients are satisfied with the service delivered within short waiting times in these clinics. Even though the speculated waiting time is thought to be long among the public health care facilities and short in private clinics, the actual waiting and service times have not been measured and compared. Aim: To determine the waiting and service times among the public and private health care facilities and measure the perceptions of 'acceptable' waiting time among the providers and clients. Materials and methods: A cross sectional observational study using quantitative techniques was carried out amongst patients and staff at selected public and private health care facilities in Gondar District. Stratified sampling method was used to select facilities. All patients visiting the selected facilities and all staff who provided service to patients on the day of the study were included in the time-delimited sample. Data was collected by research assistants and health workers from all patients attending the health care facility by registering the arrival and departure time of each patient to the facility and to each service point on a patient flow card. Then data was cleaned and captured by a specific Waiting and Service Time database. Descriptive statistics was done on waiting and service times for each facility and this was summarized for each public and private health facility by using tables and graphs. Finally a comparison was made for private and public health facilities by using Wilcoxon-mann-whitney non parametric tests.
South Africa
21
Guterres, Francisco da Costa, and n/a. "Elites and Prospects of Democracy in East Timor." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061108.163627.
Full textAbstract:
East Timor is a former colony of Portugal and one-time province of Indonesia. Portuguese colonization ended in 1975 amid brief civil warring between local political parties that had recently been established. This conflict was followed by an Indonesian military invasion, ushering in a period of domination that only ended in 1999 when the United Nations carried out a referendum by which to determine East Timor's future. But this occupation also ended with much violence, generating bitter sentiments between elites that has hampered democratisation even as independence has been won. One of the conclusions made in this study is that East Timor's transition to democracy fails to correlate fully with any of the modal processes outlined in the literature. Rather, in the case of East Timor, a number of pathways merge. In some ways, it begins with what Huntington conceptualized as bottom-up 'replacement', with local mass publics voting against their oppressors. But one of the factors that quickly distinguished this case is that the voting by which change was organized by an external force, the United Nations (UN), and targeted a foreign power, the Indonesian government. In this way, the processes of independence and democratisation were nearly coterminous. East Timor's progress was also complicated by Indonesia's responding to the referendum's outcome by instigating much violence through the militia groups that it controlled. This summoned yet another external actor, the Australian military. It also greatly extended the role of the UN, geared now to restarting the democratisation process by organising founding elections. But if East Timor's democratic transition is complex, an account of the precariousness of the democracy that has been brought about is straightforward. Put simply, given the weakness of institutions and civil society organization, this thesis restores attention to the autonomy and voluntarism possessed by national elites. The hypothesis guiding this thesis, then, is that elites are disunified, but have avoided any return to outright warring. Further, they are at most 'semi-loyal' in their attitudes toward democracy. Accordingly, democracy persists in East Timor, but is subject to many abuses. Thus, most of the research in this thesis seeks to explain elite-level attitudes and relations. In particular, it shows that cooperation between elites and shared commitments to democracy has been hampered by the diversity of their backgrounds. Some elites gained their standings and outlooks under Indonesian occupation. Others gained their statuses because of the guerrilla resistance they mounted against this occupation. The attitudes of other elites were deeply coloured by their experiences in a multitude of countries, including Indonesia, Portugal, Mozambique and Australia. This thesis then demonstrates that these diverse origins and standings have shaped elite attitudes and relations in ways that are unfavourable for political stability and democracy. Under Portuguese rule, three distinct elite groups emerged in East Timor: top government administrators, business elites and young professionals or intellectuals. In the last years of Portuguese domination, they formed some political parties, enabling them to emerge as political elites. Lacking what Higley et al. label structural integration and value consensus, these elites engaged in violent conflict that peaked in brief civil warring and triggered the Indonesian occupation. This elite-level disunity persisted during occupation, with elites continuing to use violence against each other. National elites were also diversified further, with the administrators and resistors joined by pro-Indonesian groups, the Catholic Church group, and nationalist intellectuals, hence extending the range of social origins and ideological outlooks. East Timor finally gained independence in 2002. However, this thesis shows that elite relations still lack integration and consensus. Their country's political frameworks were negotiated by officials from Portugal and Indonesia under the auspices of the UN. Moreover, even after the referendum sponsored by the UN was held, UN officials in New York overshadowed the preferences and decision making of national elites. This exclusion denied East Timorese elites the opportunity to learn and to habituate themselves in making political decisions based on peaceful dialogue and bargaining. Thus, while the use of overt violence diminished, elites continued to harbour deep suspicions, encouraging their use of manipulations, subterfuge, and violence by proxy in their dealings with one another. In consequence, tensions between elites in East Timor, while stopping short of outright warring, continue to simmer. It is thus uncertain whether, or for how long, these tensions might be contained by the formal institutions and procedures that have been put in place. Analysis is also clouded by the fact that in the wake of independence, still more kinds of elites have appeared on the scene. New fault lines thus stem from generational membership (older and younger), geographic location (diaspora and homegrown), and new kinds of organisational bases (political parties, state bureaucracy, security forces, business, the Catholic Church, and civil society). These elites have only begun to interact with another directly and regularly since East Timor's independence. They find that they possess different outlooks and levels of influence and power. Nonetheless, despite these inauspicious beginnings, it is important to underscore the fact that since independence, elites have refrained from the open warring that they once undertook. This thesis predicts that sustained elite skirmishing, but not open warring, and semi-democratic politics, rather than 'full' democracy or hard authoritarianism will persist. Much should be made clearer, though, by the ways in which the next parliamentary election, due in 2007, is conducted.
22
Adams, Scott, and scott@tcl net au. "Time and Emergence: Designing the non-instant landscape." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080123.091331.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to re-consider the discipline of landscape architecture that I practice and know. To consider an aspect of design method or process that is new to my way of working. THrough the critical reflection of past projects, the notion of time, emergence, and the non-instant landscape, has become the focus of this research. How to design for something that can't appear instant or complete at its inception. What approach is taken to respond to the potential changes of the landscape over time? What strategies can be developed to design on very large sites within limited budgets? The Canberra Arboretum project has become the virtualtesting ground for this design research. Exploring ways to design and develop forests the 205-hectare site that anticipate and respond to the emergent effects of time.
23
Smith, Martin Lancaster. "Towards a geochronology for long-term landscape evolution, Northwestern New South Wales /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061026.141414/index.html.
Full text
24
Drysdale, Jennifer, and Jennifer Drysdale@anu edu au. "Sustainable development or resource cursed? An exploration of Timor-Leste's institutional choices." The Australian National University. Fenner School of Environment and Society, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080408.145700.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the institutional choices available to Timor-Leste to manage their natural resource wealth wisely and avoid the resource curse. Timor-Leste is a poor country and its challenge is to use its large per capita resource wealth to alleviate poverty and enable sustainable development. This research examines the Petroleum Fund Law, and other mechanisms to manage petroleum revenue that the Government of Timor-Leste has established. These mechanisms appear to be resilient, but remain untested. Based on field interviews in Timor-Leste, the study offers insights into the opinions of East Timorese and foreign advisers about how Timor-Leste´s petroleum revenue should be managed, and how a poor country can raise the living standards of its people.¶A framework that identifies human and social capital as essential to the quality of institutions is developed in this research, which proposes that the pre-condition of institutions affects the management of natural resource revenue. As a result of history (not its natural resource wealth) Timor-Leste´s productive institutions are weak and destructive institutions, such as corruption, are strong. The preferences of the research participants, identified using semi-structured interviews and multi-criteria decision analysis, revealed that what petroleum revenue is spent on is the most important petroleum revenue management decision. Further, health and education were regarded the highest spending priorities. Petroleum revenue management decisions that may affect Timor-Leste´s economic, social and political independence were also important to participants.¶Timor-Leste´s sustainable development depends on continued assistance in the form of foreign advisers to address its lack of human capital. A commitment to transparency should counteract the lack of trust between government and civil society. Timor-Leste will also need to invest more in people, and recognise that the wise management of its petroleum revenue depends as much on good governance as the mechanisms designed to manage it. The people of Timor-Leste´s fierce determination to overcome the challenges they face, against all odds, may help Timor-Leste to avoid the resource curse.¶
25
Martin, Adam Paul, and n/a. "Mt. Morning, Antarctica : geochemistry, geochronology, petrology, volcanology, and oxygen fugacity of the rifted Antarctic lithosphere." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090812.090902.
Full textAbstract:
Mt. Morning is a 2,732 m high, Cenozoic, alkaline eruptive centre situated in the south-west corner of McMurdo Sound in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Mt. Morning is approximately 100 km south-west of Mt. Erebus, the world's southernmost active volcano. Several Cenozoic, alkali eruptive centres in this region make up the Erebus Volcanic Province. The region is currently undergoing continental extension. Regional-scale, north-striking faulting on the northern flank of Mt. Morning has offset vertical dykes, as young as 3.9 Ma, by up to 6 m dextrally. This is consistent with the trans-extensional regime in the region. The faults also have a dip-slip component, downthrown to the east. These faults define part of the western boundary of the West Antarctic Rift System. Mt. Morning straddles the boundary between the continental rift shoulder of the Transantarctic Mountains in Southern Victoria Land, and the perceived oceanic crust of the Ross Sea. Age determination of the youngest offset dyke constrains movement in the last 3.88 � 0.05 m.y., to an average rate of 0.0015 mm per year.
Volcanism on Mt. Morning is divided into two phases. Phase I was erupted between 18.7 � 0.3 and 114 � 0.2 Ma and Phase II between 6.13 � 0.20 and 0.15 � 0.01 Ma. The two phases are separated by a 5.3 m.y. period of quiescence. The geochemistry of Phase I is mildly alkaline; it is composed of volcaniclastic deposits, dykes, sills, and volcanic plugs of nepheline-basanite, nepheline-trachyte, quartz-mugearite, quartz-trachyte, and rhyolite. Phase I rocks evolved along at least two trends: a quartz normative trend, and a nepheline normative trend. Chemical variation in Phase I can be explained in part by crystal fractionation, which has been modelled using major element multiple linear regression. Phase I quartz-mugearite can fractionate to quartz-trachyte after 44% crystallisation. Quartz-trachyte can fractionate to rhyolite after a further 6% erystallisation. The models indicate that clinopyroxene + plagioclase + opaque oxides � alkali feldspar � apatite are the dominant fractionated phases. Many of the Phase I quartz normative volcanic rocks have relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.70501), suggesting that assimilation, most likely of crustal material, has modified them. Phase I nepheline-basanite can fractionate to nepheline-trachyte after 68% crystallisation. Modelling indicates clinopyroxene + nepheline + olivine + opaque oxides are the dominant fractionated phases.
Phase II volcanic rocks are strongly alkaline and are mapped as flows, volcaniclastic deposits, dykes, and sills. They have been erupted mainly from parasitic scoria vents and rarely from fissure vents. Rock types include picrobasalt, basalt, basanite, tephrite, hawaiite, mugearite, phonotephrite, tephriphonolite, benmoreite, and phonolite. Chemical variations in the Phase II volcanic rocks can be explained by simple fractionation. Phase II picrobasalt can fractionate to phonotephrite after 78% crystallisation. Phonotephrite can fractionate to phonolite after at least 35% crystallisation, depending on which of several multiple linear regression models are selected. Fractionation is dominated by the removal of clinopyroxene + plagioclase + nepheline + olivine + opaque oxides � apatite � kaersutite. Volcanic rocks in the Erebus Volcanic Province are strongly alkaline on a silica versus total alkalis plot, similar to the Phase II volcanic rocks from Mt. Morning. Mildly alkaline rocks of Phase I are, to date, unique within the Erebus Volcanic Province.
Bulk rock isotope ratios of ⁸⁶Sr/⁸⁷Sr (0.70307 - 0.70371 and 0.70498 - 0.70501), �⁴�Nd/�⁴⁴Nd (0.512650 - 0.512902), and �⁰⁶Pb/�⁰⁴Pb (18.593 -20.039) show that the majority of Mt. Morning volcanic rocks lie on a mixing line between HIMU (high-[mu]; enriched in �⁰⁶Pb and �⁰⁸Pb and relatively depleted in ⁸⁶Sr/⁸⁷Sr values) and DM (depleted mantle; high �⁴�Nd/�⁴⁴Nd, low ⁸⁶Sr/⁸⁷Sr, and low �⁰⁶Pb/�⁰⁴Pb). This is similar to the majority of volcanic rocks from the SW Pacific, including Antarctica and New Zealand. Mt. Morning volcanic rocks have tapped this broadly common mantle reservoir.
There are variations in radiogenic isotope ratios between Mt. Morning and Mt. Erebus. There are also differences between the incompatible element ratios in volcanic rocks from Mt. Morning, Mt. Erebus, and White Island (a third eruptive centre in the Erebus Volcanic Province), suggesting heterogeneity in the mantle beneath the Erebus Volcanic Province. Significant chemical differences are also noted between ultramafic xenoliths collected from Mt. Morning and from Foster Crater only 15 km away. This suggests a deca-kilometre, possibly even kilometre-scale, heterogeneity in the mantle. Such small-scale chemical differences appear difficult to reconcile with large-scale plume hypotheses for the initiation of volcanism in the Erebus Volcanic Province. Instead, volcanism is much more likely to be related to numerous small plumes, or the preferred hypothesis, metasomatism and amagmatic rifting, followed by decompression melting of upwelling mantle and volcanism during transtensional lithospheric rifting. This latter model is supported by a lack of regional updoming expected with a plume(s), and fits models of localised extension proposed in this thesis.
Calc-alkaline and alkaline igneous xenoliths, of felsic to mafic crustal material, have been collected from Mt. Morning. U-Pb geochronology (545.4 � 3.7 Ma and 518.6 � 4.4 Ma) on crustal xenoliths from Mt. Morning illustrate that the basement is Cambrian. Bulk rock chemistry of crustal xenoliths has similarities to compositions reported for Ross Orogen rocks, suggesting the Mt. Morning volcanic edifice is built on a basement that is composed of Cambrian Ross Orogen rock types. Quartz-bearing felsic granulite xenoliths with greater than 70 weight percent silica, collected from Mt. Morning, suggest that part of the basement is felsic. This is the only occurrence of felsic xenoliths reported to date east of the present day coastline of Victoria Land. Mt. Morning crops out less than 25 km from the known northern end of the Koettlitz Glacier Alkaline Province in the Transantarctic Mountains. The partially alkaline basement beneath Mt. Morning suggests the province may continue beneath part of Mt. Morning.
The mantle beneath Mt. Morning can be characterised as anhydrous and otherwise largely unmetasomatised, which is atypical of xenoliths collected from the western Ross Sea. Only a handful of Mt. Morning xenoliths show petrographic evidence of metasomatism, these include modal phlogopite, apatite, Fe-Ni sulphide, and plagioclase (in pyroxenite xenoliths), suggesting metasomatising fluids occur discretely in this region. Where present, the metasomatic fluid(s) beneath Mt. Morning are enriched in Ba, LREEs, Th, U, P, Fe, Ni, S, and K, and depleted in Ti relative to the metasomatic fluid composition described at nearby Foster Crater.
Oxygen fugacity (fO₂) of the Antarctic shallow mantle has been measured from xenoliths collected from Mt. Morning, where fO₂ was demonstrated to be strongly dependant upon spinel Fe�⁺ content that was measured using Mössbauer spectroscopy, and calculated from the olivine-orthopyroxene-spinel oxybarometer. fO₂ in the rifted Antarctic mantle varies between 0.1 and -1 log units relative to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer and is coupled to melt depletion, with increasing degrees of melt extraction resulting in a more oxidised mantle. This range of upper mantle fO₂ is commonly observed in continental rift settings worldwide.
The mantle beneath Mt. Morning is composed of, in increasing degree of fertility, dunite, harzburgite, and lherzolite. Xenoliths representing discrete samples of this mantle have mostly crystallised in the spinel stability field of the mantle at pressures of approximately 15 kb and temperatures between 950 - 970 �C. Symplectites of spinel and pyroxene have been interpreted as petrographic evidence that some of the spinel peridotite originated in the garnet stability field of the mantle. Rare plagioclase-bearing spinel lherzolite (plagioclase lherzolite) is also present in the mantle beneath Mt. Morning, which crystallised at temperatures of between 885 and 935 �C at 5 kb. The Mt. Morning peridotite xenoliths plot along the pre-defined geotherm for the Erebus Volcanic Province, strongly supporting it as the appropriate choice of geothermal gradient for south-west McMurdo Sound.
Mineral and bulk rock compositions are nearly identical between the plagioclase lherzolite xenoliths and spinel lherzolite xenoliths. Mineral and bulk rock chemistry suggest it is unlikely that the plagioclase is due to metasomatism. Petrographic evidence and mass balance calculations suggest that the plagioclase lherzolite has crystallised via a sub-solidus (metamorphic) transition from spinel lherzolite upon decompression and upwelling of the mantle. The occurrence of plagioclase lherzolite beneath Mt. Morning could be explained by lithospheric scale uplift along faults that define the western margin of the West Antarctic Rift System. Plagioclase lherzolite has also been collected and described from White Island. White Island is also interpreted to straddle lithospheric scale faults. Rifting and buoyant uplift is sufficient to explain the presence of plagioclase lherzolite in the Erebus Volcanic Province. Plagioclase lherzolite has also been described from Mt Melbourne, an eruptive centre in Northern Victoria Land. Known occurrences of plagioclase lherzolite from the western shoulder of the Ross Sea now cover an area 430 km long and 80 km wide. This is one of the largest provinces of plagioclase peridotite worldwide so far reported.
26
Fama, Christopher J., and -. "Non-smooth differential geometry of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds: Boundary and geodesic structure of gravitational wave space-times in mathematical relativity." The Australian National University. School of Mathematical Sciences, 1998. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010907.161849.
Full textAbstract:
[No abstract supplied with this thesis - The first page (of three) of the Introduction follows]
¶
This thesis is largely concerned with the changing representations of 'boundary' or 'ideal' points of a
pseudo-Riemannian manifold -- and our primary interest is in the space-times of general relativity. In particular, we are interested in the following question: What assumptions about the 'nature' of 'portions' of a certain 'ideal boundary' construction (essentially the 'abstract boundary' of Scott and Szekeres (1994)) allow us to define precisely the topological type of these 'portions', i.e., to show that different representations of this ideal boundary, corresponding to different embeddings of the manifold into others, have corresponding 'portions' that are homeomorphic?
¶
Certain topological properties of these 'portions' are preserved, even allowing for quite unpleasant properties of the metric (Fama and Scott 1995). These results are given in Appendix D, since they are not used elsewhere and, as well as representing the main portion of work undertaken under the supervision of Scott, which deserves recognition, may serve as an interesting example of the relative ease with which certain simple results about the abstract boundary can be obtained.
¶
An answer to a more precisely formulated version of this question appears very diffcult in general. However, we can give a rather complete answer in certain cases, where we dictate certain 'generalised regularity' requirements for our embeddings, but make no demands on the precise functional form of our metrics apart from these. For example, we get a complete answer to our question for abstract boundary sets which do not 'wiggle about' too much -- i.e., they satisfy a certain Lipschitz condition -- and through which the metric can be extended in a manner which is not required to be differentiable (C[superscript1]), but is continuous and non--degenerate. We allow similar freedoms on the interior of the manifold, thereby bringing gravitational wave space-times within our sphere of discussion. In fact, in the course of developing these results in progressively greater generality, we get, almost 'free', certain abilities to begin looking at geodesic structure on quite general pseudo-Riemannian manifolds.
¶
It is possible to delineate most of this work cleanly into two major parts. Firstly, there are results which use classical geometric constructs and can be given for the original abstract boundary construction, which requires differentiability of both manifolds and metrics, and which we summarise below. The second -- and significantly longer -- part involves extensions of those constructs and results to more general metrics.
27
Teal, Paul D., and p. teal@irl cri nz. "Real Time Characterisation of the Mobile Multipath Channel." The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020722.085502.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis a new approach for characterisation of digital mobile radio channels is investigated. The new approach is based on recognition of the fact that while the fading which is characteristic of the mobile radio channel is very rapid, the processes underlying this fading may vary much more slowly. The comparative stability of these underlying processes has not been exploited in system designs to date.
Channel models are proposed which take account of the stability of the
channel. Estimators for the parameters of the models are proposed, and their performance is analysed theoretically and by simulation and
measurement.
Bounds are derived for the extent to which the mobile channel can be
predicted, and the critical factors which define these bounds are
identified.
Two main applications arise for these channel models. The first is the
possibility of prediction of the overall system performance. This may be used to avoid channel fading (for instance by change of frequency), or
compensate for it (by change of the signal rate or by power control). The
second application is in channel equalisation. An equaliser based on a
model which has parameters varying only very slowly can offer improved
performance especially in the case of channels which appear to be varying
so rapidly that the convergence rate of an equaliser based on the
conventional model is not adequate.
The first of these applications is explored, and a relationship is derived between the channel impulse response and the performance of a broadband system.
28
Baxter, Jennifer Anne, and Jennifer Baxter@aifs gov au. "The Employment of Partnered Mothers in Australia, 1981 to 2001." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070716.112159.
Full textAbstract:
The employment rate of young partnered women and partnered mothers increased considerably over the 1980s, while there was less change in the 1990s. This thesis explores these changes, with a focus on partnered mothers with young children. The objectives are to describe what the changes in female employment were, and to analyse why they might have occurred.
¶
The analyses were primarily quantitative, although they were put into context with extensive reviews of Australian and, where relevant, international literature. The primary source of data was Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census data. Other data used included those from the ABS Child Care Surveys, Negotiating the Life Course Survey and the National Social Science Survey.
¶
Many changes in maternal employment were identified. The most notable change was the increase in the number and proportion of partnered mothers working part- time hours. Job characteristics also changed, with these women in full-time or part- time jobs more likely to be working in higher skilled professional and para- professional jobs in 2001, compared to 1981. For partnered mothers with a child aged less than one, the proportion working increased, but there was also evidence that more women were making use of maternity leave.
¶
Coinciding with these changes were a number of compositional changes, as women of succeeding birth cohorts were more educated, and more likely to delay marriage and childbearing. Attitudinal change was also evident, as people became more accepting of working wives. Attitudes to working mothers with young children changed less, with a strong preference for mothers to be at home when their children were young. Also over this period, there were many changes in infrastructure, policy and the labour market generally that had impacts on female employment opportunities and conditions. These changes are explored in detail, and their relationship to employment change examined.
¶
Because there were so many changes in these factors occurring over this period, the exact causes of employment change were difficult to identify. Also, an analysis of employment change is complicated because the causality of certain effects does not run in only one direction there are more complex links between education, childbearing and employment that should be accounted for in explaining changes over time. Similarly, changes in supply of labour are difficult to disentangle from changes in demand for labour.
¶
Compositional changes were certainly important in explaining the growth in the proportion working, especially for younger women. These women were not only more highly educated in 2001, they were less likely to have children. For working mothers, the effect of increased education levels could be seen in the greater numbers working in higher status occupations.
¶
The analyses of infrastructure and policy change, particularly that of changes in income support and child care provision which were covered in some detail, did suggest that certain aspects of these broader changes were associated with changes in employment, at least for some sections of the population. Income support changes may have enabled more mothers, particularly those in low-income households, to stay at home with young children. This might be part of the reason for the slower growth in female employment in the 1990s, as payments to single-income families increased.
¶
The increased availability of formal child care was likely to have enabled more mothers to work, although the use of informal care, and parental-care only also grew over the 1980s and 1990s. The cost of care continues to be prohibitive for some families.
¶
Increases in part-time work continued even when the overall rate of employment slowed down. Changes in industrial relations, through award restructuring and the introduction of enterprise bargaining, were associated with an increased availability of part-time jobs. This sustained use of part-time work was congruent with the employment preferences of working mothers with young children. Also, the evidence presented shows that part-time work has grown in higher status as well as lower status jobs.
¶
Overall, while it was not possible to identify the exact causes of employment change, the compositional (education and childbearing changes in particular), attitudinal and broader infrastructure/policy changes were no doubt related.
29
Stephenson, Janet, and n/a. "Values in space and time : a framework for understanding and linking multiple cultural values in landscapes." University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061030.154114.
Full textAbstract:
When new development threatens a valued landscape it is not just the physical landscape that is being affected, but the collective memories, meanings and identities that the landscape holds. Planning theory and practice currently offer relatively little guidance as to how to address meaning and value, particularly at a landscape scale.
Recent literature from a variety of disciplines has stressed the need to develop holistic models of understanding landscape. Particular emphasis has been laid on the absence of integration of disciplinary approaches, and the need to involve communities in defining what is important and distinctive about their own landscapes.
The thesis sets out to develop a conceptual framework to assist in understanding multiple cultural values in landscapes. Although the primary focus of the research is to address the perceived shortcomings in planning theory and practice, its potential relevance to inter-disciplinary work also forms a major component of the research approach.
Values in landscapes include those expressed by associated communities and those identified through a variety of disciplinary approaches. Using case studies, the research explores the nature and range of landscape values as expressed by those with special associations with particular landscapes. It also examines the nature of the meanings and values ascribed by disciplines with an interest in landscape, and how various disciplines model landscape so as to convey these values.
Analysis of these findings generates a landscape framework consisting of two related models. The Cultural Values Model offers a conceptual structure with which to consider the surface and embedded values of landscapes in terms of forms, practices and relationships. The Dimensional Landscape Model provides a structured way of linking expressed values to the landscape, using dimensional concepts of nodes, networks, spaces, webs and layers.
The landscape framework is found to be useful not only for generating a comprehensive picture of key landscape values, but also in offering an integrated approach that has utility both for planners and for other landscape-related disciplines.
30
Pei, Jiantao, and n/a. "The Accuracy of Time-to-Contact Estimation in the Prediction Motion Paradigm." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050627.143329.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the accuracy of our estimation of time to make contact
with an approaching object as measured by the “Prediction Motion” (PM) technique.
The PM task has commonly been used to measure the ability to judge time to contact
(TTC). In a PM task, the observer's view of the target is occluded for some period
leading up to the moment of impact. The length of the occlusion period is varied and
the observer signals the moment of impact by pressing a response key. The interval
separating the moment of occlusion and the response is interpreted as the observer's
estimate of TTC made at the moment of occlusion. This technique commonly
produces large variability and systematic underestimation. The possibility that this
reflects genuine perceptual errors has been discounted by most writers, since this
seems inconsistent with the accuracy of interceptive actions in real life. Instead, the
poor performance in the PM task has been attributed to problems with the PM
technique. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the poor PM
performance. The motion extrapolation hypothesis asserts that some form of mental
representation of the occluded part of the trajectory is used to time the PM response;
the errors in PM performance are attributed to errors in reconstructing the target
motion. The clocking hypothesis assumes that the TTC is accurately perceived at the
moment of occlusion and that errors arise in delaying the response for the required
period. The fear-of-collision hypothesis proposes that the underestimation seen in
the PM tasks reflects a precautionary tendency to anticipate the estimated moment of
contact. This thesis explores the causes of the errors in PM measurements.
Experiments 1 and 2 assessed the PM performance using a range of motion scenarios
involving various patterns of movement of the target, the observer, or both. The
possible contribution of clocking errors to the PM performance was assessed by a
novel procedure designed to measure errors in the wait-and-respond component of
the PM procedure. In both experiments, this procedure yielded a pattern of
systematic underestimation and high variability similar to that in the TTC estimation
task. Experiment 1 found a small effect of motion scenario on TTC estimation.
However, this was not evident in Experiment 2.
The collision event simulated in Experiment 2 did not involve a solid collision. The
target was simply a rectangular frame marked on a tunnel wall. At the moment of
“contact”, the observers passed “through” the target without collision. However,
there was still systematic underestimation of TTC and there was little difference
between the estimates obtained in Experiments 1 and 2. Overall, the results of
Experiments 1 and 2 were seen as inconsistent with either the motion extrapolation
hypothesis or the fear-of-collision hypothesis. It was concluded that observers
extracted an estimate of the TTC based on optic TTC information at a point prior to
the moment of collision, and used a timing process to count down to the moment of
response. The PM errors were attributed to failure in this timing process. The results
of these experiments were seen as implying an accurate perception of TTC.
It was considered possible that in Experiments 1 and 2 observers based their TTC
judgements on either the retinal size or the expansion rate of the target rather than
TTC. Experiments 3 and 4 therefore investigated estimation of TTC using a range of
simulated target velocities and sizes. TTC estimates were unaffected by the resulting
variation in expansion rate and size, indicating that TTC, rather than retinal size or
image expansion rate per se, was used to time the observers' response.
The accurate TTC estimation found in Experiments 1-4 indicates that the TTC
processing is very robust across a range of stimulus conditions. Experiment 5 further
explored this robustness by requiring estimation of TTC with an approaching target
which rotated in the frontoparallel plane. It was shown that moderate but not fast
rates of target rotation induced an overestimation of TTC. However, observers were
able to discriminate between TTCs for all rates of rotation. This shows that the
extraction of TTC information is sensitive to perturbation of the local motion of the
target border, but it implies that, in spite of these perturbations, the mechanism is
flexible enough to pick up the optic TTC information provided by the looming of the
retinal motion envelop of the rotating stimulus.
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Matus, Castillejos Abel, and n/a. "Management of Time Series Data." University of Canberra. Information Sciences & Engineering, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070111.095300.
Full textAbstract:
Every day large volumes of data are collected in the form of time series. Time series are
collections of events or observations, predominantly numeric in nature, sequentially recorded
on a regular or irregular time basis. Time series are becoming increasingly important in
nearly every organisation and industry, including banking, finance, telecommunication, and
transportation. Banking institutions, for instance, rely on the analysis of time series for
forecasting economic indices, elaborating financial market models, and registering
international trade operations. More and more time series are being used in this type of
investigation and becoming a valuable resource in today�s organisations.
This thesis investigates and proposes solutions to some current and important issues in time
series data management (TSDM), using Design Science Research Methodology. The thesis
presents new models for mapping time series data to relational databases which optimise the
use of disk space, can handle different time granularities, status attributes, and facilitate time
series data manipulation in a commercial Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS). These new models provide a good solution for current time series database
applications with RDBMS and are tested with a case study and prototype with financial time
series information. Also included is a temporal data model for illustrating time series data
lifetime behaviour based on a new set of time dimensions (confidentiality, definitiveness,
validity, and maturity times) specially targeted to manage time series data which are
introduced to correctly represent the different status of time series data in a timeline. The
proposed temporal data model gives a clear and accurate picture of the time series data
lifecycle. Formal definitions of these time series dimensions are also presented. In addition,
a time series grouping mechanism in an extensible commercial relational database system is
defined, illustrated, and justified. The extension consists of a new data type and its
corresponding rich set of routines that support modelling and operating time series
information within a higher level of abstraction. It extends the capability of the database
server to organise and manipulate time series into groups. Thus, this thesis presents a new
data type that is referred to as GroupTimeSeries, and its corresponding architecture and
support functions and operations. Implementation options for the GroupTimeSeries data type
in relational based technologies are also presented.
Finally, a framework for TSDM with enough expressiveness of the main requirements of time
series application and the management of that data is defined. The framework aims at
providing initial domain know-how and requirements of time series data management,
avoiding the impracticability of designing a TSDM system on paper from scratch. Many
aspects of time series applications including the way time series data are organised at the
conceptual level are addressed. The central abstraction for the proposed domain specific
framework is the notions of business sections, group of time series, and time series itself. The
framework integrates comprehensive specification regarding structural and functional aspects
for time series data management. A formal framework specification using conceptual graphs
is also explored.
32
Munton, Alexander J. "A study of the offshore petroleum negotiations between Australia, the U.N. and East Timor /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20080103.103318/index.html.
Full text
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Lamahewa, Tharaka Anuradha. "Space-time coding and space-time channel modelling for wireless communications /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20070816.152647/index.html.
Full text
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Hunt, Janet, and janethunt@homemail com au. "Local NGOs in national development: The case of East Timor." RMIT University. School of Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081202.155254.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the roles and experiences of local East Timorese non-government organisations through the multiple transitions which accompanied East Timor's process of independence in the period 1999-2004. It explores how NGOs attempted to influence the changing environment in which they were operating, particularly in the development of the new nation. In doing so, it examines how the actual experience of these local NGOs relates to theories of civil society and NGOs in the various phases of transition to democracy, state and nation building and post-conflict peacebuilding. After reviewing literature relating to the role of civil society and NGOs in democratisation, development and peacebuilding, and identifying some key issues to explore, the study turns to the particular context of East Timor. It summarizes the colonial history, with a particular focus on governance, development and the emergence of civil society and NGOs in that territory, and the phases of the transition. It then focuses closely on six leading East Timorese NGOs, which between them reflect different organisational origins and sectoral interests and which were perceived to be playing significant roles within the NGO community. The case study chapters describe briefly the history of each NGO, then trace their stories over an approximately five year period. They explore how the visions, strategies, programs and organisational systems of these NGOs changed as the context changed. The case studies show how adaptive these NGOs were, how excluded some of them were by the huge influx of international players after the ballot, but how, in the absence of a legitimate government, they were included in various processes in a number of important ways during the UNTAET period. These studies also reveal some of the challenges the NGOs faced as the new government took over in May 2002. The study concludes by summarising the changing roles and capacities of the NGOs, highlighting the many roles which local NGOs played throughout the study period, and the way in which they met new demands placed upon them. It identifies capacities critical for these NGOs' survival and development, and identifies some strategies which the NGOs themselves identified as useful in helping them attain these. It also identifies some areas which they found challenging and where more capacity development may have been valuable. Finally the study reflects on the actual experiences of Timorese NGOs compared to theory and experiences elsewhere relating to democracy, development and peacebuilding. The findings, which emphasise the changing relationship of the new state to its citizens, suggest that the civil society and development practice, which has been strongly based on de Tocqueville's approach to civil society, is not particularly helpful in a post-conflict setting. Instead, an adapted Gramscian approach, viewing civil and political society as interrelated sites in which a struggle to embed non-violent means of apportioning power are being waged, could be of greater analytic and practical value.
35
Chen, Shiyuan. "Three essays in public finance." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08132008-203055/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Sally Wallace, committee chair; Yongsheng Xu, David L. Sjoquist , Dillon Alleyne, committee members. Electronic text (142 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 20, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-141).
36
ter, Maat Mercedes Ballbe. "The Functions of School Counselors in Northern Virginia Public Schools." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27028.
Full textAbstract:
The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) recommends a shift from traditional to comprehensive, developmental counseling programs focusing on prevention programs to assist the â wholeâ child (e.g., meeting social, emotional, academic, and career needs). This shift has been slow and inconsistent, bringing great variability to the role of school counselor. This study investigates the current functions of school counselors in Northern Virginia. Five research questions are posed: (1) How do counselors spend their time? (2) In what way do counselors want to change their allocation of time to various counseling activities? (3) How do school counselors feel about their preparation to perform various counseling activities? (4) What factors (work setting, gender, level of education, teaching experience, counseling experience, student-to-counselor ratio, desire to change time allocation, and level of preparation) affect how counselors allocate their time? (5) Do differences exist between school counselorsâ allocation of time to various counseling activities and the mandate of the Virginia Department of Education? Seventy-three Northern Virginia school counselors (45% response rate) responded to a survey on activities in the four major categories recommended by ASCA (counseling, consulting, guidance, and coordination) and in administrative/support services. Participants also were asked to fill-out a one-day log describing their typical counseling functions on any chosen workday. Results indicated that, on an average, Northern Virginia school counselors feel well prepared to conduct counseling activities and allocate 46% of their time to counseling, 17% to consultation, 12% to guidance, 7% to coordination, and 18% to administrative/support services. Counselors desire to spend more time working with students individually and in small groups, and less time in test coordination and administrative tasks. Statistical analyses (p< .05) indicate that allocation of time was significantly affected by work setting, gender, desire to change present time allocation, and level of preparation. These results suggest that Northern Virginia school counselors in this study are performing the functions recommended by the American School Counselor Association and by the Virginia Department of Education. Implications for future research are explored.Ph. D.
37
Thamrin, Mardiah, and torry thamrin@yahoo com. "AN EXPLORATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS COULD REDRESS SOME OF THE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN EASTERN INDONESIA." Flinders University. Flinders Institute of Public Policy and Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060605.121727.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia achieved remarkable growth during the first 25 years of its series of Five Year Development Plans, which started in 1968. However, growth has not been well distributed across the regions, in part this is as a result of the Indonesian government development policy of a growth centre approach which has benefited �Western Indonesia� (Kawasan Barat Indonesia, KBI) more than �Eastern Indonesia� (Kawasan Timur Indonesia, KTI). Prosperity needs to be spread across Indonesian regions and needs to be more equitably shared.
The thesis argues that government needs to search for other ways to overcome the imbalance by accelerating KTI development, to reduce this region�s resentment, which may increase the risk of disintegration.
The central aim of this research is to describe and critically evaluate the potential usefulness of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a means to address the regional imbalance in economic development. It aims to make a contribution by:
1. Describing in detail the ways government decision-makers see the
situation, in other words giving the viewpoints of the state;
2. Providing detailed transcriptions of the interpretations and opinions
expressed by powerful decision makers in the public and private
sectors;
3. Demonstrating how the public, private and non-government sectors
operate;
4. Making the realistic point that the links across these sectors leads to both
positive and negative outcomes; including
5. Illustrating through examples how corruption spreads from the public
to the other sectors.
This study examines the contributing factors to regional imbalance in Indonesia between KBI and KTI by means of a case study of policy and management challenges in KTI. It examines the current strategy used for accelerating the economic development of KTI and considers whether a new strategy of Public Private Partnerships would have relevance and can be developed and implemented to accelerate the development.
Current strategies especially formulated for accelerating KTI economic development include:
(i) The Policy and Strategy of the Eastern Indonesia Development Council
(ii) The Program of the Ministry for Acceleration of Eastern Indonesian Development; and
(iii) The Integrated Economic Development Zone program
However, one of the weaknesses of these policies is the lack of cooperation across government and the private sector.
This study has found that the government strategies and policies have neither matched local needs nor the implementation of economic development. The study, based on both interviews and secondary data, demonstrates that the causes of the economic imbalance are systemic and multiple. They span not only government policies contributing to the imbalance directly and indirectly but also other factors, such as:
(i) Systemic corruption across the public, private and non-government sectors;
(ii) Lack of willingness to address the issues, lack of capital, lack of capable human resource and lack of infrastructure, lack of domestic and international market access, lack of communication and coordination and lack of cooperation.
To overcome these problems, the Indonesian government together with business and the watchful eye of diverse civil society organizations need to change policies, systems, and visions for developing this region.
Public Private Partnerships through a mutual partnership program could be one way of accelerating the development in KTI. On the one hand there are some direct and positive consequences of this new vision, for example, the private sector sharing their knowledge, skills, funds, management and enhanced utilisation of market mechanisms to support the government in the development process. On the other hand there are many limitations to the approach such as government often accepts greater risk than is warranted, dangers of corruption and cronyism which may attend more intensive in long-term relationship and contracted services resulted in corruption and secret business influence in government. According to Transparency International, Indonesia remains one of the most corrupt nations internationally. Unless strategies are put in place to address systemic and endemic corruption and Public Private Partnerships are well managed, then the model for Public Private Partnership will only serve to exacerbate the problem. Systemic corruption also effects trust amongst stakeholders, which needs to be hand-in-hand with strategies to address �demoralisation� for developing prosperity.
Government is becoming more responsive to the private sector�s needs by providing a conducive environment for investment, entrepreneurship and innovation. Public Private Partnerships could be a means to balance power between public, non-government and private sectors if there is more capacity building to enhance the competency and responsibility of the players.
No development solution can come about by working with only the public or the private or the community sectors or just non-government organizations. This study makes a strong case that the �solutions need to be found in Partnerships�. However, in exploring the complexity of the social capital of trust-based networks between people (but which also unfortunately exclude others) which are important for partnerships and, correspondingly, with partnerships being important for social capital, the researcher finds that there is no neat or simplistic partnership that can produce miraculous results. Some partnerships can be corrupt, some can lead to better life chances for local citizens, but the merits of each case need to be considered contextually. Widespread change is only likely when there is systemic change across governance arenas (public, private and non-government) and with consideration of social, cultural, political, economic and environmental factors. Instead of blaming development problems on insufficient participation or the lack of capacity of the ordinary people, the problems lie equally with the state, big business and non-government organizations. More effective managerial skills and efficient processes are needed in the governance of all these organizations while the role played by civil society is essential in making this governance accountable. Better partnerships can provide models that could inspire others to follow.
Overall this study describes the complex problems created by poor policy making from above. The �gaze� (in the sense used by Foucault) is shifted from the �non-participating and incapable� citizens to the �ineffective and inefficient� powerful. Why are ordinary people so often studied to find answers to societal or systemic problems? The thesis argues that this is because they are easier to ask, more tolerant of the researcher, more resigned to answering a number of questions, or perhaps think it is easier to answer questioners in order to �get rid of them�.
Instead this thesis probes the viewpoints of the powerful. Researcher who is interested in understanding how the state operates in Eastern Indonesia could �trawl through this material� in order to develop a greater understanding of the dynamics of power.
To conclude, the researcher is first and foremost a practical person, who wishes to find solutions by creating the conditions for better partnership arrangements. Instead, she found that the decision makers are part of the problem. For transformation in governance to occur, stronger civil society cooperation through �communities of practice� is needed. This would be in the interests of all sectors of society if a regionally more balanced sustainable future is to be achieved.
38
Holmgren, Johan. "Studies in Local Public Transport Demand." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15626.
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Citro, Sandy, and c1tro@yahoo com au. "A Framework for Real Time Collaborative Editing in a Mobile Replicated Architecture." RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080424.113836.
Full textAbstract:
Mobile collaborative work is a developing sub-area of Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW). The future of this field will be marked by a significant increase in mobile device usage as a tool for co-workers to cooperate, collaborate and work on a shared workspace in real-time to produce artefacts such as diagrams, text and graphics regardless of their geographical locations. A real-time collaboration editor can utilise a centralised or a replicated architecture. In a centralised architecture, a central server holds the shared document as well as manages the various aspects of the collaboration, such as the document consistency, ordering of updates, resolving conflicts and the session membership. Every user's action needs to be propagated to the central server, and the server will apply it to the document to ensure it results in the intended document state. Alternatively, a decentralised or replicated architecture can be used where there is no central server to store the shared document. Every participating site contains a copy of the shared document (replica) to work on separately. Using this architecture, every user's action needs to be broadcast to all participating sites so each site can update their replicas accordingly. The replicated architecture is attractive for such applications, especially in wireless and ad-hoc networks, since it does not rely on a central server and a user can continue to work on his or her own local document replica even during disconnection period. However, in the absence of a dedicated server, the collaboration is managed by individual devices. This presents challenges to implement collaborative editors in a replicated architecture, especially in a mobile network which is characterised by limited resource reliability and availability. This thesis addresses challenges and requirements to implement group editors in wireless ad-hoc network environments where resources are scarce and the network is significantly less stable and less robust than wired fixed networks. The major contribution of this thesis is a proposed framework that comprises the proposed algorithms and techniques to allow each device to manage the important aspects of collaboration such as document consistency, conflict handling and resolution, session membership and document partitioning. Firstly, the proposed document consistency algorithm ensures the document replicas held by each device are kept consistent despite the concurrent updates by the collaboration participants while taking into account the limited resource of mobile devices and mobile networks. Secondly, the proposed conflict management technique provides users with conflict status and information so that users can handle and resolve conflicts appropriately. Thirdly, the proposed membership management algorithm ensures all participants receive all necessary updates and allows users to join a currently active collaboration session. Fourthly, the proposed document partitioning algorithm provides flexibility for users to work on selected parts of the document and reduces the resource consumption. Finally, a basic implementation of the framework is presented to show how it can support a real time collaboration scenario.
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Ashley, Michael John Siew Leung, and ashley@gravity psu edu. "Singularity theorems and the abstract boundary construction." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050209.165310.
Full textAbstract:
The abstract boundary construction of Scott and Szekeres has proven a practical
classification scheme for boundary points of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. It
has also proved its utility in problems associated with the re-embedding of exact
solutions containing directional singularities in space-time. Moreover it provides
a model for singularities in space-time - essential singularities. However the literature
has been devoid of abstract boundary results which have results of direct
physical applicability.¶
This thesis presents several theorems on the existence of essential singularities
in space-time and on how the abstract boundary allows definition of optimal em-
beddings for depicting space-time. Firstly, a review of other boundary constructions
for space-time is made with particular emphasis on the deficiencies they possess for
describing singularities. The abstract boundary construction is then pedagogically
defined and an overview of previous research provided.¶
We prove that strongly causal, maximally extended space-times possess essential
singularities if and only if they possess incomplete causal geodesics. This result
creates a link between the Hawking-Penrose incompleteness theorems and the existence of essential singularities. Using this result again together with the work of
Beem on the stability of geodesic incompleteness it is possible to prove the stability
of existence for essential singularities.¶
Invariant topological contact properties of abstract boundary points are presented
for the first time and used to define partial cross sections, which are an
generalization of the notion of embedding for boundary points. Partial cross sections
are then used to define a model for an optimal embedding of space-time.¶
Finally we end with a presentation of the current research into the relationship
between curvature singularities and the abstract boundary. This work proposes
that the abstract boundary may provide the correct framework to prove curvature
singularity theorems for General Relativity. This exciting development would culminate over 30 years of research into the physical conditions required for curvature singularities in space-time.
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Wang, Bin, and s3115026@student rmit edu au. "On Discretization of Sliding Mode Control Systems." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080822.145013.
Full textAbstract:
Sliding mode control (SMC) has been successfully applied to many practical control problems due to its attractive features such as invariance to matched uncertainties. The characteristic feature of a continuous-time SMC system is that sliding mode occurs on a prescribed manifold, where switching control is employed to maintain the state on the surface. When a sliding mode is realized, the system exhibits some superior robustness properties with respect to external matched uncertainties. However, the realization of the ideal sliding mode requires switching with an infinite frequency. Control algorithms are now commonly implemented in digital electronics due to the increasingly affordable microprocessor hardware although the essential conceptual framework of the feedback design still remains to be in the continuous-time domain. Discrete sliding mode control has been extensively studied to address some basic questions associated with the sliding mode control of discrete-time systems with relatively low switching frequencies. However, the complex dynamical behaviours due to discretization in continuous-time SMC systems have not yet been fully explored. In this thesis, the discretization behaviours of SMC systems are investigated. In particular, one of the most frequently used discretization schemes for digital controller implementation, the zero-order-holder discretization, is studied. First, single-input SMC systems are discretized, stability and boundary conditions of the digitized SMC systems are derived. Furthermore, some inherent dynamical properties such as periodic phenomenon, of the discretized SMC systems are studied. We also explored the discretization behaviours of the disturbed SMC systems. Their steady-state behaviours are discussed using a symbolic dynamics approach under the constant and periodic matched uncertainties. Next, discretized high-order SMC systems and sliding mode based observers are explored using the same analysis method. At last, the thesis investigates discretization effects on the SMC systems with multiple inputs. Some conditions are first derived for ensuring the
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Milne, Patricia A., and n/a. "Australian reviewers of children's books: an empirical report." University of Canberra. Library & Information Sciences, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060410.150051.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis reports on a study which developed a profile of the reviewers of
children's books in Australia. It then compared the profile with one which was
developed by Kathleen Craver in 1984 of children's book reviewers in the United
States.
Five research questions were addressed by this study relating to reviewers and their
opinions regarding review aspects, reviewer roles and review practices within the
framework of their personal and professional background. Craver surveyed the
reviewers from School Library journal because as a group, they provided the
greatest potential for statistical significance of all the reviewing journals in the
United States. As no Australian journal enjoys either the number of reviewers or
the circulation of School Library journal, reviewers from eight journals which are
most used by teacher and children's librarians were selected to form the population
for this research. These journals are Fiction Focus, LINES, Magpies, Reading Time,
Reviewpoin t, Review Bulletin, Scan and Tasmanian Resources Review.
The reviewer profile which emerged from this study was very similar to Craver's in
that it was not one which could be entirely defined in terms of group characteristics.
Selected cross tabulations either with the particular journals, demographic details,
or other variables, particularly those relating to reviewer experience failed to
produce predictable behaviourial correlations. However, reviewers were united on
certain issues which can be attributed to their own professional background.
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Hoyle, Maxwell Bruce, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Australia and East Timor: elitism, pragmatism and the national interest." Deakin University, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.110809.
Full textAbstract:
For over two decades the issue of East Timor's right to self-determination has been a prickly issue in Australian foreign policy. The invasion by Indonesian forces in 1975 was expected, as Australian policy-makers had been well informed of the events leading up to the punitive action being taken. Indeed, prior discussions involving the future of the territory were held between the Australian Prime Minister and the Indonesian President in 1974. In response to the events unfolding in the territory the Australian Labor Government at the time was presented with two policy options for dealing with the issue. The Department of Defence recommended the recognition of an independent East Timor; whereas the Department of Foreign Affairs proposed that Australia disengage itself as far as possible from the issue. The decision had ramifications for future policy considerations especially with changes in government. With the Department of Foreign Affairs option being the prevailing policy what were the essential ingredients that give explanation for the government's choice?
It is important to note the existence of the continuity and cyclical nature of attitudes by Labor governments toward Indonesia before and after the invasion. To do so requires an analysis of the influence Doc Evatt had in shaping any possible Labor tradition in foreign policy articulation. The support given by Evatt for the decolonisation of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia) gave rise to the development of a special relationship-so defined. Evidence of the effect Evatt had on future Labor governments may be found in the opinions of Gough Whitlam. In 1975 when he was Prime Minister, Whitlam felt the East Timor issue was merely the finalisation of Indonesia's decolonisation honouring Evatt's long held anti-colonialist tradition existing in the Australian Labor Party. The early predisposition toward Indonesia's cohesiveness surfaced again in the Hawke and Keating Labor governments of later years. It did not vary a great deal with changes in government
The on-going commitment to preserving and strengthening the bilateral relationship meant Indonesia's territorial integrity became the focus of the Australian political elites regional foreign policy determinations. The actions taken by policy-makers served to promote the desire for a stable region ahead of independence claims of the East Timorese. From a realist perspective, the security dilemma for Australian policy-makers was how to best promote regional order and stability in the South East Asian region. The desire for regional cohesiveness and stability continues to drive Australian political elites to promote policies that gives a priority to the territorial integrity of regional states. Indonesia, in spite of its diversity, was only ever thought of as a cohesive unitary state and changes to its construct have rarely been countenanced. Australia's political elite justifications for this stance vacillate between strategic and economic considerations, ideological (anti-colonialism) to one of being a pragmatic response to international politics.
The political elite argues the projection of power into the region is in Australias national interest. The policies from one government to the next necessarily see the national interest as being an apparent fixed feature of foreign policy. The persistent fear of invasion from the north traditionally motivated Australia's political elite to adopt a strategic realist policy that sought to shore up the stability, strength and unity of Indonesia. The national interest was deemed to be at risk if support for East Timorese independence was given. The national interest though can involve more than just the security issue, and the political elite when dealing with East Timor assumed that they were acting in the common good. Questions that need to be addressed include determining what is the national interest in this context? What is the effect of a government invoking the national interest in debates over issues in foreign policy? And, who should participate in the debate? In an effort to answer these questions an analysis of how the ex-foreign affairs mandarin Richard Woolcott defines the national interest becomes crucial.
Clearly, conflict in East Timor did have implications for the national interest. The invasion of East Timor by Indonesia had the potential to damage the relationship, but equally communist successes in 1975 in Indo-China raised Australia's regional security concerns. During the Cold War, the linking of communism to nationalism was driving the decision-making processes of the Australian policy-makers striving to come to grips with the strategic realities of a changing region. Because of this, did the constraints of world politics dominated by Cold War realities combined with domestic political disruption have anything to do with Australia's response?
Certainly, Australia itself was experiencing a constitutional crisis in late 1975. The Senate had blocked supply and the Labor Government did not have the funds to govern. The Governor-General by dismissing the Labor Government finally resolved the impasse. What were the reactions of the two men charged with the responsibility of forming the caretaker government toward Indonesia's military action? And, could the crisis have prevented the Australian government from making a different response to the invasion?
Importantly, and in terms of economic security, did the knowledge of oil and gas deposits thought to exist in the Timor Sea influence Australia's foreign policy? The search for oil and gas requires a stable political environment in which to operate. Therefore for exploration to continue in the Timor Sea Australia must have had a preferred political option and thoughts of with whom they preferred to negotiate. What was the extent of each government's cooperation and intervention in the oil and gas industry and could any involvement have influenced the Australian political elites attitude toward the prospect of an independent East Timor? Australia's subsequent de jure recognition that East Timor was part of Indonesia paved the way for the Timor Gap (Zone of Cooperation) Treaty signing in 1989. The signing underpinned Australia's acceptance of Indonesian sovereignty over East Timor.
The outcome of the analysis of the issues that shaped Australia's foreign policy toward East Timor showed that the political elite became locked into an integration model, which was defended by successive governments. Moreover, they formed an almost reflexive defence of Indonesia both at the domestic and international level.
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Maxwell, Sheena, and sheenamax@optusnet com au. "An assesssment of non-conventional measures of lung function and the effedt of a herbal extract on mild-moderate childhood asthma." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080507.150547.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Respiratory conditions are prevalent and cause an enormous burden on society. In recent decades, there has been a global increase in asthma in children and adults, yet the diagnosis of asthma must be made on clinical grounds as the diagnostic use of pharmacological reversibility of airway obstruction remains controversial. It is possible however that tools exist from different medical paradigms that may assist in the clinical diagnosis of asthma. Tools such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) enquiry, Breath Holding Time (BHT) or Electro-Dermal Screening Test (EDST) may provide useful clinical information, yet their use has not been widely explored or validated. Integrative medicine may be considered to represent a new frontier in medicine where each therapy and diagnostic method is seen to have its own advantages and limitations and where an integration of both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques from conventional and complementary medicine is seen to produce the best results. However, while there is a high community use of complementary therapies for conditions such as asthma, there is also a need to maintain accepted standards of medical and scientific principles and foster high quality research into complementary therapies. Objectives: The current study sought to determine: If there is a correlation between conventional measures of lung function such as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and less conventional measures such as airways expired NO level (eNO), electrodermal measures, TCM enquiry and BHT. If any of the lung function measures are able to distinguish between asthmatic and healthy subjects. If the use of a rye grass extract is better than placebo in improving requirements for bronchodilator medication, peak flow, forced expiratory volume in one second or quality of life in mild to moderate childhood asthma. Rational for carrying out two separate studies as one study; The author was interested on both the integration of diagnostic techniques as well as the effect of the herbal extract on asthma so it was decided to use the opportunity and put both in one study. Method: A range of conventional and non-conventional measures were conducted in healthy and asthmatic children including demographic details, quality of life data, spirometry measures, airway nitric oxide levels, electro-dermal measures, TCM history enquiries, breath holding time, and skin prick tests. The data were analysed to determine any significant correlations between these measures. A double blind randomized controlled pilot clinical trial was also performed to assess the effect of using rye grass extract in asthmatic children aged 8 to 16 years. Results: There were significant correlations between forced expiratory volume in one second and active quality of life, TCM spleen score and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide measurements. There were also statistically significant differences between asthmatic and healthy subjects in TCM history, breath holding time and exhaled nitric oxide. The use of rye grass extract did not produce any significant improvement over placebo in any of the asthma outcome measures. Conclusions: The use of inexpensive measures such as BHT and TCM enquiry may provide useful clinical information when assessing respiratory conditions such as asthma. However, further research is required in larger populations to confirm their use. The use of the rye grass extract at the dose given in this study did not provide any clinical benefit for the asthmatic children in this study.
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Davis, Aaron Charles, and aaron davis@rmit edu au. "Quantitative Characterisation of Airborne Electromagnetic Systems." RMIT University. Applied Physics, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080723.103030.
Full textAbstract:
I address the geometric problem of the pendulum-like swinging of towed birds for AEM platforms. I establish a link between actual observed bird swing and its effect on survey data for two different systems and explain the link by a model that compares actual survey data to the calculated mutual inductance coupling of a dipole pair over an infinitely conductive half space, which pair is permitted arbitrary pitch, roll and altitude changes. I develop a non-linear filter that removes bird swing effects from survey data which successfully corrected data from 3 different AEM surveys. Calibration of several different time domain AEM systems is attempted using an accurately laid out and surveyed, closed, multi-turn loop of known resistance and self-inductance that is placed on - but insulated from - resistive ground. I derive a rigourous mathematical model that predicts airborne receiver's response to the coupling to the transmitter current waveform and total system geometry. The method was proven to be successful over resistive ground, with significant system problems identified such as: altimetry error, spatial averaging of data during postprocessing, error in the predicted horizontal position of the AEM platform, receiver windowing and timing errors and bird swing. I show that, although we can calibrate a time domain AEM system for a single flyover, it is impossible to calibrate an AEM system for geometry. As an intermediate step in the calibration process, I show that by monitoring the current induced in the ground loop we can obtain the waveform of the AEM transmitter current throu gh deconvolution in the Fourier domain. Simple and cost effective methods for the improvement of quantitative AEM data are presented in this thesis. However, until the geometry problem of AEM platforms is solved, full system calibration will not be obtained and filters will need to be applied to the data. I recommend the use of: GPS antennas mounted on all towed birds, able to be post-processed for accurate position recovery, reliable bird-mounted scanning altimeters that do not rely on range-finding technology but instead employ a shortest path algorithm, pitch and roll sensors mounted on the trailed bird and the measurement of airspeed of both the towed bird and the aircraft during surveys.
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Pietsch, Samuel, and sam pietsch@gmail com. "Australia's military intervention in East Timor, 1999." The Australian National University. School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20091214.122004.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that the Australian military intervention in East Timor in 1999 was motivated primarily by the need to defend Australias own strategic interests. It was an act of Australian imperialism understood from a Marxist perspective, and was consistent with longstanding strategic policy in the region.¶
Australian policy makers have long been concerned about the security threat posed by a small and weak neighbouring state in the territory of East Timor. This led to the deployment of Australian troops to the territory in World War Two. In 1974 Australia supported Indonesias invasion of the territory in order to prevent it from becoming a strategic liability in the context of Cold War geopolitics. But, as an indirect result of the Asian financial crisis, by September 1999 the Indonesian governments control over the territory had become untenable. Indonesias political upheaval also raised the spectre of the Balkanisation of the Indonesian archipelago, and East Timor thus became the focal point for Australian fears about an arc of instability that arose in this period.¶
Australias insertion of military forces into East Timor in 1999 served its own strategic priorities by ensuring an orderly transfer of sovereignty took place, avoiding a destabilising power vacuum as the country transitioned to independence. It also guaranteed that Australias economic and strategic interests in the new nation could not be ignored by the United Nations or the East Timorese themselves. There are therefore underlying consistencies in Australias policy on East Timor stretching back several decades. Despite changing contexts, and hence radically different policy responses, Australia acted throughout this time to prevent political and strategic instability in East Timor.¶
In addition, the intervention reinforced Australias standing as a major power in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. The 1999 deployment therefore helped facilitate a string of subsequent Australian interventions in Pacific island nations, both by providing a model for action and by building a public consensus in favour of the use of military intervention as a policy tool.¶
This interpretation of events challenges the consensus among existing academic accounts. Australias support of Indonesias invasion and occupation of East Timor from 1974 was frequently criticised as favouring realpolitik over ethical considerations. But the 1999 intervention, which ostensibly ended severe violence and secured national independence for the territory, drew widespread support, both from the public and academic commentators. It has generally been seen as a break with previous Australian policy, and as driven by political forces outside the normal foreign policy process. Moreover, it has been almost universally regarded as a triumph for moral conduct in international affairs, and even as a redemptive moment for the Australian national conscience. Viewing the intervention as part of the longstanding strategy of Australian imperialism casts doubt on such positive evaluations.
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Banh, Mai Thi Quynh, and n/a. "Quantification, characterisation and impact evaluation of mobile IPv6 hand off times." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070608.094836.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing range of IP-based data and voice applications using mobile devices (e.g. 3rd ,
4th generation mobile phones and PDAs) and new access technologies (e.g. Bluetooth, 802.11,
GPRS, ADSL). This growth is driving a desire to support mobility at the IP level � in other
words, allowing an IP host to keep on communicating with other hosts while roaming between
different IP subnetworks.
Mobile IPv6 allows hosts to move their physical and topological attachment points around
an IPv6 network while retaining connectivity through a single, well-known Home Address.
Although Mobile IPv6 has been the subject of simulation studies, the real-world dynamic
behavior of Mobile IPv6 is only gradually being experimentally characterised and analysed.
This thesis reviews the use of Mobile IPv6 to support mobility between independent
802.11b-attached IPv6 subnets, and experimentally measures and critically evaluates how long
an end to end IP path is disrupted when a Mobile IPv6 node shifts from one subnetwork to
another (handoff time). The thesis describes the development of an experimental testbed
suitable for gathering real-world Mobile IPv6 handoff data using publicly available, standards compliant
implementations of Mobile IPv6. (An open-source Mobile IPv6 stack (the KAME
release under FreeBSD) was deployed).
The component of handoff time due to 802.11b link layer handoff is measured separately to
assess its impact on the overall Mobile IPv6 handoff time. Using Mobile IPv6 handoff results,
the likely performance impact of Mobile IPv6 handoff on a common webcam application and a
bulk TCP data transfer is also evaluated. The impact of handoff on these applications clearly
shows that a default Mobile IPv6 environment would be highly disruptive to real-time and
interactive applications during handoff events, even if the underlying link-layer handoff was
instantaneous.
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Brown, Coral, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Role of Attachment in a Time-limited Marital Therapy: Implications for practice and treatment." Australian Catholic University. Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 2002. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp14.25072005.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigates the role of attachment in a time-limited marital therapy. The study explores Brief Contextual Modular Psychotherapy (BCMT). This approach to practice provides a model that integrates principles and techniques from the major psychotherapies. BCMT can be distinguished from other brief therapies by its theoretical integration, its six-session time limit, its specific clinical focus, and its techniques for dealing with dissatisfaction and distress. The therapy sets out practice modules—six-session treatment plans—for a diverse range of presenting issues such as the anxiety disorders, depression, trauma, loss and grief, marriage and the phobias. BCMT emphasises the collaboration of the therapist and the client. A community-based psychological counselling centre has practised BCMT for over ten years, applying it in cases of wide diversity and maladjustment. Prior to this research, a comprehensive analysis of the theory underlying the BCMT model or the theory of change it endorses had not been carried out. The study provides a detailed description of the conceptual and treatment elements of the marital module developed in the treatment manual for BCMT. The study explores how the construct of attachment provides an organising framework or metaperspective for theory construction and therapeutic intervention in the clinical application of this time-limited marital therapy. To achieve this objective, one de-facto and four married couples participated in the time-limited therapy. They completed a questionnaire on adult attachment and also a self-report questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of the therapy. Narrative analysis was used to assess the praxis or the experience of participating in the therapy. The results show that the integrated model provided a treatment method for differing expressions of marital disturbance and psychopathology. Three of the five couples and eight of the ten participants reported positive treatment outcomes. The research sample included the paraphilias, a major depressive episode with postpartum psychosis, the narcissistic borderline syndrome and childhood sexual abuse. The study supports the association between the role of adult attachment styles and intrapsychic responses in conflicted intimate relationships. From the point of view of clinical applications of attachment theory, the research highlights how theoretical ideas can be integrated, specific clinical methods can be incorporated and certain treatment perspectives can be derived from one another. Several implications for the treatment process flow from this integration. The integration of attachment theory in BCMT demonstrates how the therapeutic process progressed through three separate yet interrelated stages: past, present and future. In addition, it led to the identification of three stage-related mourning processes associated with the time-limited therapeutic process: protest, despair and detachment. From a clinical perspective, the research finds that the theoretical and treatment model does not need to be restricted to marital therapy. The findings suggest that the integrated model could be applied across a wide range of presenting issues. By defining the theory of personality and psychopathology and the therapeutic change processes associated with it, the integration of attachment theory results in BCMT taking its place in the literature as a theory of psychotherapy.
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Teitelbaum, Aryeh Roberto, and a_hay@jct ac il. "Arts'Codes: A New Methodology for the Development of Real-Time Embedded Applications for Control Systems." RMIT University. Accounting and Law, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20071219.094115.
Full textAbstract:
Embedded real-time applications have to allow interaction between the control computer and the controlled environment. Controlling the environment requires in particular to take into account its time constraints and critical logical conditions. One of the main programmer efforts in real-time application's development is to trace the incoming events, and to perform reactions based on the current system status, according to the application requirements. All this have to be handled, although external events may come in the middle of a critical reaction, which may disturb it. This problem involves two difficulties: X The cognitive efforts to percept the problem, and consequently to express the solution. X The correct translation of this solution to code. Two requirements were defined in this research in order to achieve high-quality performance: clearness and robustness, clearness in the design, and robustness in the execution. In this work the author proposes a methodology and a tool for real-time application's development that uses or implies an innovated form of design based on natural-cognitive researches. This design method has clear compilation's rules to produce an Object-Oriented light-code, suitable for embedded platforms. These compilation's rules introduce to the code implicit security and synchronization's elements, to support robust execution. In this methodology, clear development phases were defined, using a high-degree of reuse and even polymorphism, which were emphasized in the research. Several existing ideas were improved/adapted and synthesized together with the author's innovation, creating the Arts'Codes method for real-time application development. The work includes cognitive evaluations, assuring the natural skills of the design. Arts'Codes method proposes a natural VPL (Visual Programming Language) for real-time applications, based on hierarchic components. This VPL is built on a minimum of diagrams: one for the static architecture and one for the dynamic behaviour, with a similar restricted notation at all levels. These two diagrams (static architecture and dynamic behaviour) are interleaved in a unified view. This method was implemented by building a suitable graphic editor, which automatically compiles the applications diagrams in a light and robust Object-Oriented code (based on Parallel Automata FSM), and by building an execution compact software platform. Furthermore, the parallel automata FSM are translated automatically in PTL temporal formula defining the goals and the behaviours of the components, permitting to prove a-priory that the components behaviours are consistent to their goals. The execution platform is based on a restricted implementation of the synchrony hypothesis and on a powerful model of execution: the parallel automata FSM. These Parallel Automata describe the dynamic behaviours of the components and allows implementing run-time exceptions handling too. In addition, the research proposes a tri-processor execution hardware platform, which supports a hybrid synchronous/multi-threading execution. This method will contribute to versatile, clear and robust real-time application's development.
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Tapp, Amanda. "The Media, the War on Terror, and the Public Sphere." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/80.
Full textAbstract:
The media conflates and distorts in its coverage on the war on terror- simultaneously misrepresenting and constructing the political and historically complex conflict between the Middle East and the West. Due to the current social-political climate of increasing xenophobia and the normalisation of Islamophobia, this study attempts to expand previous studies conducted on the media in relation to the war on terror. This is a comparative quantitative analysis of media framing between a Western news source and an Arab news source, examining their coverage of the November 2015 Paris attack and the March 20th Sana’a, Yemen attack. The findings revealed a deep complexity and intertwining of the media and its representation on the war on terror: the U.S. news source engaged more so in forms of biased framing of when covering the Paris attack and held a Western gaze of superiority when covering the Yemen attack, while the Arab news source proved to be overall less biased but was found to be susceptible to Westernisation.