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Journal articles on the topic 'Public welfare – canada – history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Watts, Rob. "Family allowances in Canada and Australia 1940–1945: A comparative critical case study." Journal of Social Policy 16, no. 1 (1987): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400015713.

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ABSTRACTWhilst quantitive and ‘positivist’ modes of comparative social policy can reveal significant structural factors involved in the making of welfare states, they too often ignore the role of human agency, intention and political processes. A critical-historical comparative case study of the introduction of ‘child endowment’ and of ‘family allowances’ respectively in Australia (1941) and in Canada (1944) reminds us of the interplay between structural constraints and human agency in the history of welfare states. Detailed analysis suggests that institutionalised arrangements in Australia af

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2

Orlans, F. Barbara. "Animal Pain Scales in Public Policy." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 18, no. 1_part_1 (1990): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001800107.1.

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Pain scales classify the severity of pain inflicted on laboratory animals from little or none up to severe. A pain scale as part of public policy serves beneficial purposes that promote animal welfare. It can be used to educate people about the two alternatives of refinement and replacement, and the need to reduce animal pain. Furthermore, a pain scale has practical applications: 1) in review procedures for animal welfare concerns; 2) in developing policies on the use of animals in education; and 3) as a basis for collecting national data on animal experimentation, so that meaningful data can

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3

Restrepo-Espinosa, Helena. "La promoción de la salud: de los griegos a la Carta de Ottawa: ¿Un nuevo campo de acción de la Salud Pública?" Anales de la Academia de Medicina de Medellín 20, no. 1 (2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56684/ammd/2024.1.06.

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This article reviews the history of principles, concepts, and applications that fall under Health Promotion (HP), an important component of the field of Public Health. It begins with the proposals and hygiene concepts of the Greeks to promote healthier populations, extending the review through various centuries to the Declaration known as the Ottawa Charter, from 1986. This charter resulted from the first International Conference on Health Promotion held in Ottawa, Canada, with the participation of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Canada, and th

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4

WHITE, LINDA A. "Ideas and the Welfare State." Comparative Political Studies 35, no. 6 (2002): 713–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414002035006004.

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This article examines the legacy of American and Canadian welfare state development to explain surprisingly comparable levels of child care provision. It highlights the ironies of policy history while demonstrating the importance of ideas as independent causal factors in the development of public policies and the effect of their institutionalization on future policy development. Maternalist, nativist, and eugencist imperatives led U.S. governments to intrude in areas normally considered part of the private sphere and led to the adoption of policies to respond to a perceived decline primarily o

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5

Elson, Peter R., Jean-Marc Fontan, Sylvain Lefèvre, and James Stauch. "Foundations in Canada: A Comparative Perspective." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 13 (2018): 1777–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218775803.

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From a Canadian perspective, this article provides a comparative historical and contemporary overview of foundations in Canada, in relation to the United States and Germany. For the purposes of this analysis, the study was limited to public or private foundations in Canada, as defined by the Income Tax Act. As the Canadian foundation milieu straddles the welfare partnership model that characterizes German civil society and the Anglo-Saxon model of the United States, Canadian foundations as a whole have much in common with the foundation sector in both countries. Similarities include the number

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6

MacLennan, Anne. "Charity and Change: Montreal English Protestant Charity Faces the Crisis of Depression." Articles 16, no. 1 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017942ar.

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The depression of the 1930s forced private and public charities across Canada to adapt to new circumstances. The crisis was particularly acute for the Montreal Council of Social Agencies, a minority English Protestant organization in a city reluctant to accept any responsibility for public services. The Council was forced to assume the burden of relief services for its community. The abrupt and long term disruptions in the operations of the Council caused by the Depression forced it to reevaluate and reassess its role in social services. Consequently, the Montreal Council of Social Agencies tr

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7

Song, Dennis. "Analysis on differences in Canada and China's official attitude and perception on their minority nationalities." American Research Journal of History and Culture 6, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21694/2379-2914.20008.

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The government’s perceptions and attitudes of their ethnic minorities are in close relation with the ethnic minorities’ welfare policies, and also affect the public’s perception of ethnic minorities. Therefore a government’s definition and attitudes are crucial to maintaining national stability. For instance, Canada is a multi-nation state, comprising multiple ethnic groups in one country, with the two most influential as the French-Canadians and the English-Canadians. French and English Canadians are majority ethnic groups while there are many other minority ethnic groups such as the First Na

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8

Sawchuk, Peter. "Austerity and On-the-job Vocational Learning." International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology 4, no. 3 (2013): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2013070105.

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This article seeks to contribute to an understanding of questions regarding on-the-job vocational learning, power, and technological change in the context of dynamic notions of knowledge economy and contemporary public sector austerity in the West based on a “mind in political economy” approach inspired by the Cultural Historical Activity Theory tradition. It draws on recently completed analysis of public sector human services work (welfare benefits delivery work in Ontario, Canada) based on a seven year mixed-methods study (learning life-history interviews n=75; survey n=339). It seeks to exp

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9

McQuaid, Robyn J., Flint D. Schwartz, Cindy Blackstock, Kim Matheson, Hymie Anisman, and Amy Bombay. "Parent-Child Separations and Mental Health among First Nations and Métis Peoples in Canada: Links to Intergenerational Residential School Attendance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (2022): 6877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116877.

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First Nations children are over 17 times more likely to be removed from their families and placed in the child welfare system (CWS) than non-Indigenous children in Canada. The high rates of parent-child separation have been linked to discriminatory public services and the Indian Residential School (IRS) system, which instigated a multi-generational cycle of family disruption. However, limited empirical evidence exists linking the IRS to subsequent parent-child separations, the CWS, and mental health outcomes among First Nations, Inuit, and Métis populations in Canada. The current studies exami

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10

Batchelor, Daud Abdul-Fattah. "Integrating Islamic Principles and Values into the Fabric of Governance." ICR Journal 5, no. 3 (2014): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v5i3.387.

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Important Islamic principles and values in governance are identified from the Qur’an, Sunna and the essential Shariah objectives (Maqasid al-Shari’ah). The principles (vicegerency, rule of law, justice, social welfare, separation of powers, accountability, consultation, obedience, public participation, inclusiveness, equality, dignity, hisbah or enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, limiting money politics, and ensuring a free, independent media, and peace and security) have considerable bearing on the structure of government institutions and in ensuring good governance, while the values

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11

Sutton, Tara. "Income inequality and support for redistributive policies in Ontario: Who gets what, where, how, and who cares?" SURG Journal 9, no. 1 (2017): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v9i1.3804.

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Income inequality has risen steadily in Canada over the last three decades, and particularly in Ontario, where it has grown at a faster rate. While the public response to this growth remains unclear, policy responses to address the issue have largely failed. To date, the literature remains divided as to the nature of the relationship between income inequality and support for redistributive policies such as welfare spending. This article argues, however, that where a relationship exists between income inequality and public support for welfare spending, it is a negative one. This negative relati

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12

Harell, Allison, Stuart Soroka, and Kiera Ladner. "Public opinion, prejudice and the racialization of welfare in Canada." Ethnic and Racial Studies 37, no. 14 (2013): 2580–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.851396.

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13

LIGHTMAN, ERNIE, ANDREW MITCHELL, and DEAN HERD. "Cycling Off and On Welfare in Canada." Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 4 (2010): 523–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279410000279.

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AbstractInternationally, traditional approaches to social assistance (welfare) have increasingly been replaced with ‘active’ labour market policies. Alongside other industrialised countries, Canada embraced this shift, with its emphasis on the ‘shortest route’ to paid employment.There has been little research on the outcomes of these dramatic changes in Canada, especially longer term. This article explores the post-welfare labour market experiences of people who were on social assistance in Canada in 1996. It uses the longitudinal micro-data files of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (S

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14

Stevenson, Allyson. "Child Welfare, Indigenous Children and Children’s Rights in Canada." Revista Direito e Práxis 10, no. 2 (2019): 1239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2019/40639.

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Abstract In Canada, Indigenous children have been removed from their families and communities for residential schooling and for adoption and fostering by the state. These historic and ongoing policies have contributed to a general lack of awareness and respect for the rights of Indigenous children as children, as well as Indigenous rights bearers. This paper examines the ways in which historic Indigenous transracial adoption projects acted as a means of public education for ignorance, and argues there is an urgent need for increased public and academic attention to Indigenous children’s rights

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15

Dick, Lyle. "Public History in Canada: An Introduction." Public Historian 31, no. 1 (2009): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2009.31.1.7.

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16

Wharf, Brian, Ivan Bernier, Andrée Lajoie, and Andree Lajoie. "Family Law and Social Welfare Legislation in Canada." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 13, no. 2 (1987): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550648.

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17

O'Connor, Julia S., Joe Hudson, and Burt Galaway. "Child Welfare in Canada: Research and Policy Implications." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 22, no. 2 (1996): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551916.

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18

Lightman, Ernie, and Allan Irving. "Restructuring Canada's Welfare State." Journal of Social Policy 20, no. 1 (1991): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400018481.

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ABSTRACTThis paper highlights the development of the welfare state in Canada to its peak in the mid-1960s, and then traces the retreat from that height. While federalism and the complex relations between Ottawa and the provinces clearly represent a complicating factor, the paper argues that the fiscal crisis of the state has been the primary influence in the decline. As a major trading economy, Canada could not be immune from the onset of worldwide monetarism, though its effects were felt relatively late. Canadian monetarism has been marked by high taxes, an unwillingness/inability to cut gove

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19

Comacchio, Cynthia, and Nancy Christie. "Engendering the State: Family, Work, and Welfare in Canada." American Historical Review 106, no. 2 (2001): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651650.

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20

Xavier de Carvalho, Miguel Mundstock. "Animal Welfare and Pig Factory Farming in Ontario, Canada (1950s – Present)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 4 (2020): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i4.17594.

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This article explores the inception and development of pig factory farming in Ontario, Canada, since the 1950s to date, focusing on animal welfare dimensions. The study showed that although the term “animal welfare” was not well-known until the 1980s, discussions on cruelty and abnormal animal behaviour begun in the early days of factory farms. The article also delves into tensions between the humane movement and the agribusiness sector in Ontario. The article further sheds light on the social context that eventually led to an alliance in support of a conservative, incomplete notion of animal

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21

Mowat, David, and David Butler-Jones. "Public Health in Canada: A Difficult History." HealthcarePapers 7, no. 3 (2007): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpap..18755.

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22

Wright, Peter M. "Building Canada: a history of public works." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 5 (1990): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-099.

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23

Cook, Nigel, Marina Von Keyserlingk, and Jennifer Walker. "The evolution of dairy cattle welfare." American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings, no. 56 (May 10, 2024): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/aabppro20238846.

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In this article we discuss the evolution of dairy cattle welfare, the approaches being taken to improve welfare in other countries and the recent changes that have been taking place in the U.S. and Canada. The role of the veterinarian as a leader in the animal welfare discussion is addressed, along with the growing list of concerns for the dairy industry in maintaining public trust, and the changes that we predict are needed in current auditing procedures.

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24

Ritter, Leonard, and Patricia B. Curry. "Regulation of Pesticides in Canada." Toxicology and Industrial Health 4, no. 3 (1988): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378800400305.

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Pesticides are registered in Canada under the authority of the Pest Control Products Act (PCP), administered by the Department of Agriculture. The Department of Agriculture calls upon various federal departments, including Health & Welfare Canada, to provide expert advice on hazards which may be associated with the use of the product. The Department of Health and Welfare requires and reviews a range of toxicological studies to assess potential health hazards which may be associated with exposure to the chemical. Studies required include acute, sub-acute, chronic, reproduction, teratology a

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25

Garton, Stephen, and Margaret E. McCallum. "Workers' Welfare: Labour and the Welfare State in 20th-Century Australia and Canada." Labour / Le Travail 38 (1996): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144094.

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26

BENOIT, ELLEN. "National Health Insurance and Health-Based Drug Policy: An Examination of Policy Linkages in the USA and Canada." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 1 (2004): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279403007219.

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For more than 50 years the United States and Canada maintained illegal-drug policies that followed the same course: a long period of punitive prohibition followed by moderation and an emphasis on drug abuse as a public health problem. Then in the 1980s, the USA reverted to a punitive model while Canada increased its commitment to a health-based approach. Why this divergence after following the same path for so long? In this paper I argue that one factor was Canada's adoption of national health insurance, which guaranteed universal access to health care, including addiction treatment. As the co

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27

Torres, Lynn Sharon. "Institutionalized Childcare in Canada, Sweden, and Finland and Womenâ€™s Health: The Intersection of Welfare State with Cultural Beliefs." Critical Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal 13, no. 1 (2017): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51357/cs.v13i1.130.

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This study considers how the role of culture and the structure of public policies relating to the care industry influence the choices both a society and women make regarding the provision and uptake of institutionalized childcare.Â This paper looks at how the welfare state and cultural beliefs of a society towards womenâ€™s roles in Canada, Sweden and Finland shapes these issues.Â Based on the welfare state models developed by Esping-Andersen (1990, 1999) and cultural models by Pfau-Effinger (2005) a three-way classification of family models is developed to consider the variations in uptake an

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28

Banting, Keith G. "Is There a Progressive's Dilemma in Canada? Immigration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State." Canadian Journal of Political Science 43, no. 4 (2010): 797–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423910000983.

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Abstract. There is a widespread fear in many western nations that ethnic diversity is eroding support for the welfare state. This article examines such fears in the Canadian context. In-depth analysis of public attitudes finds remarkably little tension between ethnic diversity and public support for social programs in Canada. At first glance, then, the country seems to demonstrate the political viability of a multicultural welfare state. But this pattern reflects distinctive features of the institutional context within which public attitudes evolve. The Canadian policy regime has forestalled t

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29

Csiernik, Rick. "Labour Welfare in Canada: An Examination of Occupational Assistance." Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health 24, no. 1-2 (2009): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15555240902849073.

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30

Pollock, Nathaniel J., Cassandra Yantha, Lil Tonmyr, Kimberly Jewers-Dailley, and Melody E. Morton Ninomiya. "Child welfare worker perspectives on documentation and case recording practices in Canada: A mixed-methods study protocol." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0316238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316238.

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In health care and child welfare, clinical records and case notes serve multiple functions. When records are aggregated and processed to create administrative data, they can be analyzed and used to inform policy development and decision-making. To be useful, such data should be complete, accurate, and recorded in a standardized way. However, sources of bias and error can impact the quality of administrative data. During the development of national child welfare data in Canada, child welfare sector partners expressed concerns about the accuracy and completeness of data about children and famili

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31

Garton, Stephen, and Margaret E. McCallum. "Workers' Welfare: Labour and the Welfare State in 20th-Century Australia and Canada." Labour History, no. 71 (1996): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516451.

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32

Pimpare, Stephen. "Toward a New Welfare History." Journal of Policy History 19, no. 2 (2007): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2007.0012.

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Histories of American welfare have been stories about the state. Like Walter Trattner's widely read From Poor Law to Welfare State, now in its sixth edition, they have offered a narrative about the slow but steady expansion and elaboration of state and federal protections granted to poor and working people, and have usually done so by charting increases in government expenditures, by documenting the institutionalization of welfare bureaucracies, and by tracing rises or declines in poverty, unemployment, and other aggregate measures of well-being. This has been the case even in more critical ac

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33

Smardon, Bruce. "The Federal Welfare State and the Politics of Retrenchment in Canada." Journal of Canadian Studies 26, no. 2 (1991): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.26.2.122.

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34

Kessler-Harris, A. "Women and Welfare: Public Interventions in Private Lives." Radical History Review 1993, no. 56 (1993): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1993-56-127.

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35

Moscovitch, Allan, and Jim Albert. "The Benevolent State: The Growth of Welfare in Canada." Labour / Le Travail 21 (1988): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143007.

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36

MARSTON, GREG, and LYNDA SHEVELLAR. "In the Shadow of the Welfare State: The Role of Payday Lending in Poverty Survival in Australia." Journal of Social Policy 43, no. 1 (2013): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279413000573.

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AbstractA defining characteristic of contemporary welfare governance in many western countries has been a reduced role for governments in direct provision of welfare, including housing, education, health and income support. One of the unintended consequences of devolutionary trends in social welfare is the development of a ‘shadow welfare state’ (Fairbanks, 2009; Gottschalk, 2000), which is a term used to describe the complex partnerships between state-based social protection, voluntarism and marketised forms of welfare. Coupled with this development, conditional workfare schemes in countries

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37

Parry, Geraint. "Welfare State and Welfare Society." Government and Opposition 20, no. 3 (1985): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1985.tb01085.x.

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‘CRISIS? WHAT CRISIS?’, THE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER was reported to have replied to a question concerning the alleged crisis in sterling. In the case of the welfare state it might seem that the appropriate response would be ‘Which crisis? ’ since there are several on the menu - fiscal crisis, legitimacy crisis, crisis of ungovernability . Left, Right and Centre have become convinced that there is a crisis. This is after a period of history which had seen an unprecedented rise in the standard of living of the vast majority of the population living in what are normally regarded as welfare st

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38

Kuhnle, Stein. "Turning Point for the European Social Model?" Current History 109, no. 725 (2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2010.109.725.99.

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39

Ingram, Darcy. "Beastly Measures: Animal Welfare, Civil Society, and State Policy in Victorian Canada." Journal of Canadian Studies 47, no. 1 (2013): 221–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.47.1.221.

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40

Marcuse, Edgar K. "POOR CHILDREN IN RICH COUNTRIES." Pediatrics 83, no. 6 (1989): A46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.6.a46.

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The industrial countries in the world have a higher standard of living than at any time in history, but within the wealthy countries, there are still a number of children who live in poverty. The United States, which is the wealthiest country of six studied (Australia, Canada, Sweden, United States, United Kingdom, West Germany), had the highest poverty rate among children and the second highest poverty rate among families with children. From 1970 to 1987, the poverty rate for children in the United States increased from 15 to 20%. . . Child poverty rates vary enormously by the structure of th

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41

Raphael, Dennis, Morris Komakech, Toba Bryant, and Ryan Torrence. "Governmental Illegitimacy and Incompetency in Canada and Other Liberal Nations: Implications for Health." International Journal of Health Services 49, no. 1 (2018): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731418795136.

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The welfare state literature on developing nations is concerned with how governmental illegitimacy and incompetency are the sources of inequality, exploitation, exclusion, and domination of significant proportions of their citizenry. These dimensions clearly contribute to the problematic health outcomes in these nations. In contrast, developed nations are assumed to grapple with less contentious issues of stratification, decommodification, and the relative role of the state, market, and family in providing economic and social security, also important pathways to health. There is an explicit as

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42

Field, Russell. "The Public Sportscaster: Docudrama, National Memory, and Sport History." Journal of Sport History 41, no. 2 (2014): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.241.

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Abstract Due in large measure to its iconic Hockey Night in Canada telecasts, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is known nationally for its interest in sport. The network has also sponsored its own sport-themed dramatic and documentary productions. Examining filmic representations of the history of hockey, this paper considers the 2006 CBC docudramatic production Canada Russia ’72. This paper explores the use of the docudrama form for telling historical sport stories while examining the role of Canada’s public broadcaster in producing sport films and promulgating national mythologies

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43

Herd, Dean. "Rhetoric and retrenchment: ‘common sense’ welfare reform in Ontario." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 10, no. 2 (2002): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/cqiq1894.

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The adoption of the Canadian Health and Social Transfer (CHST) in 1995 signified a dramatic change in the philosophy and practice of welfare in Canada, creating the space for provincial workfare experiments. This article explores the operation of one such experiment – Ontario Works (OW) – which has been hailed as a success in the face of dramatic caseload declines. Rather than a successful welfare to work strategy, however, closer analysis suggests that these reductions owe more to the concrete regulatory functions of workfare – reducing welfare services and tightening eligibility requirements

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44

Jaelani, Aan. "Public Financial Management in Indonesia: Review of Islamic Public Finance." European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics eJournal (SSRN Electronic Journal) 10, no. 60 (2017): 19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.227092.

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Public financial management by the government is very important in view of the level of welfare in Indonesia is still low, as there are still much poverty with the level of fulfillment of the needs of low, corruption that occurs in every area of government, income distribution is uneven, low economic growth, and various irregularities other budget. With a qualitative approach that emphasises the phenomenon of the social reality and the country's financial management practices in Indonesia, the approach to history and historical analysis is able to provide solutions to the existing problems. Re

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45

Mah, Jasmine, and Benjamin Gallup. "A Short History of Long-Term Care in Nova Scotia*." Canadian Geriatrics Journal 24, no. 1 (2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5770/cgj.24.464.

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The needs of older adults living in long-term care in Nova Scotia and across Canada are frequently ignored. There is historical precedent for this, as the voices of the poor and vulnerable have been under-represented throughout history. This paper aims to summarize the history of long-term care in Nova Scotia, Canada from its 17th-century origins to the end of the 20th century. The influences of key events, policies and concepts are examined chronologically: the systems implemented in Nova Scotia by French and later British colonists, the movement to delineate between categories of poor, the

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46

Delaney, Jill. "The Garden Suburb of Lindenlea, Ottawa." Articles 19, no. 3 (2013): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017590ar.

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The garden suburb of Lindenlea in Ottawa was designed by Thomas Adams and built by the Ottawa Housing commission to provide a model of low-income housing to municipalities across Canada in the post-World War One period. The planning of the suburb and the design of its houses reveal many of the ideological premises of the urban reform movement in Canada, and of the federal government's attitude toward publicly subsidized housing, in this early period of social welfare. Modern theories of rationalization, efficiency, and standardization, combined with late Victorian notions about physical, socia

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47

Hum, Derek, and Shirley B. Seward. "The Future of Social Welfare Systems in Canada and the United Kingdom." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 14, no. 4 (1988): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550416.

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48

Meister, Daniel R. "Whiteness in Canada: History, Archives, Historiography." Canadian Historical Review 105, no. 1 (2024): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-2022-0025.

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This article opens with autobiographical reflections outlining how the author came to study the histories of race, racism, and whiteness in Canada; namely, through a biographical examination of Canadian academic and public intellectual Watson Kirkconnell. The article then discusses the author’s engagement with the scant Canadian literature on race science/scientific racism. After defining whiteness and discussing its relationships with gender and class, the article provides suggestions for future research on race and whiteness in Canada; in particular, the need for definitional, temporal, and

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Robinson, Lynne M., Lynn Mcintyre, and Suzanne Officer. "Welfare babies: poor children's experiences informing healthy peer relationships in Canada." Health Promotion International 20, no. 4 (2005): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dai017.

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50

Sinclair, Raven. "The Indigenous Child Removal System in Canada: An Examination of Legal Decision-making and Racial Bias." First Peoples Child & Family Review 11, no. 2 (2021): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1082333ar.

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Abstract:

This Indigenous child removal system in Canada has been in operation since the 1950s and has created unprecedented Indigenous child overrepresentation in the child welfare system. While five generations of residential schools and disastrous socio-economic conditions often warrant child welfare involvement, the statistics for Indigenous children in care are so disproportionate that we are called to examine key factors that have created and sustain the system. While history provides a contextual frame for these statistics, examining legislation and legal decision-making in Indigenous child welfa

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