Journal articles: 'Publict transport demand'

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Mesarec, Beno, and Marjan Lep. "COMBINING THE GRID‐BASED SPATIAL PLANNING AND NETWORK‐BASED TRANSPORT PLANNING." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-8619.2009.15.60-77.

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Border regions of EU countries are confronted with changes of spatial and economical development. The lack of border crossing strategic information system for regional planning purposes reflects in non‐intense cooperation in the field of regional development strategies harmonization. The article presents the methodology developed during Interreg III B project REDECON. Grid‐based database with GIS interface, merging socio‐economic, environmental and spatial data with vector‐based network accessibility data, what enable the public planning departments to analyze and simulate different policy measures concerning transport. The article is focused on the modifications of (during project REDECON) developed methodology, which enable besides cross‐border spatial analysis also analysis of current status of public transport demand and supply for finding the areas, where the supply of public transport services does not reach the demand for public transport services. It describes the methodology for selecting the main indicator thematic groups for different public transport demand types, the characterization (evaluation) of suitability of locations in respect to the balance between public transport supply and demand. At the end of the article the results of methodology application are presented on the regional pilot project concerning accessibility of pilot area, regional public transport demands and regional optimization of the public transport supply. Santrauka Aprašoma Redecon metodika, sukurta vykdant tarptautinio projekto Interreg III B metu. Tinklelinė duomenų bazė, paremta geografinėmis informacinėmis sistemomis, suvienijo socialinius ir ekonominius, aplinkosaugos, erdvinius ir vektorinius pasiekiamumo duomenis. Visa tai leido viešojo transporto planuotojams lengviau analizuoti ir modeliuoti transporta skirtingomis priemonėmis. Straipsnyje aprašomoji sukurtos metodikos modifikacija, padedanti nagrineti transporto sistemos paklausa, parodo, kuriose teritorijose viešojo transporto aprūpinimas nepakankamas ir pan. Pabaigoje svarstoma, kokiam regionui galima pritaikyti šią metodiką, to regiono viešojo transporto paklausą ir optimizavimą.

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Gits, Ivanna, Mykola Zhuk, and Halyna Pivtorak. "Analysis of demand for public transport service in Lviv city." Transport technologies 2020, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2020.02.057.

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The demand for public transport on the example of Lviv city is analyzed in the paper. The aim of the trip, the duration of the trip, vehicle occupancy rate, walking approach to the stop, and the choice of public transport mode are determined as the main impact factors. The questioning of 1100 users of public transport is carried out. During the formation of transport strategy of public transport system functioning in large cities, it is necessary to consider such factors of functioning as optimal, from the view of transport provision, location of places of work and study, trips are up to 45 min; vehicle occupation rate is up to 80% (on the most routes); the walking distance is up to 600 m; vehicles of large capacity. The provision of these indicators in transport systems will provide an opportunity to increase the effectiveness and enlarge the demand for public transport services as a result of qualitative functioning.

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Pavlyuk, Dmitry, Nadežda Spiridovska, and Irina Yatskiv (Jackiva). "SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEMAND: A CASE STUDY OF RIGA." Transport 35, no. 6 (January 6, 2021): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14159.

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Sustainable urban mobility remains an emerging research topic during last decades. In recent years, the smart card data collection systems have become widespread and many studies have been focused on usage of anonymized data from these systems for better understanding of mobility patterns of Public Transport (PT) passengers. Data-driven mobility patterns can benefit transport planners at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. A particular point of interest is a spatiotemporal dynamics of mobility patterns that highlights transformation of the PT passenger flows over the time continuously or in response to modifications of the PT system and policies. This study is aimed to estimation and analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of PT passenger flows in Riga (Latvia). A multi-stage methodology was proposed and includes three main stages: (1) estimation of individual trip vectors, (2) clustering of trip vectors into spatiotemporal mobility patterns, and (3) further analysis of mobility patterns’ dynamics. The best practice methods are applied at every stage of the proposed methodology: the smart card validation flow is used for extracting information on boarding locations; the trip chain approach is used for estimation of individual trip destinations; vector-based clustering algorithms are utilised for identification of mobility patterns and discovering their dynamics. The resulting methodology provides an advanced tool for observing and managing of PT demand fluctuation on a daily basis. The methodology was applied for mining of a large smart card data set (124 million records) for year 2018. Most important empirical results include obtained daily mobility patterns in Riga, their clusters, and within-cluster dynamics over the year. Obtained daily mobility patterns allows estimation of a city-level PT origin–destination matrix that is useful in many applied areas, e.g., dynamic passenger flow assignment models. Mobility pattern-based clustering of days allows effective comparison and flexible tuning of the PT system for different days of a week, public holidays, extreme weather conditions, and large events. Dynamics of mobility patterns allows estimating the effect of implementing changes (e.g., fare increase or road maintenance) and demand forecasting for user-focused development of PT system.

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Nam, Kihwan, and Myungkeun Park. "IMPROVEMENT OF AN OPTIMAL BUS SCHEDULING MODEL BASED ON TRANSIT SMART CARD DATA IN SEOUL." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6045.

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This study was initiated with a goal of improving the bus scheduling model using the past data of “smart card”. Traffic congestion level of Seoul is keep aggravating and it also has negative influence on air pollution and our health. Additionally, this heavy traffic causes high congestion costs. The continuous quantitative growth of the public transportation system brings the necessity of its efficient operation system for its future qualitative growth. The improvement of operation system is necessary also to improve public transportation operation cost efficiency of Seoul. In other words, the systematic planning is necessary for maximizing passengers’ satisfaction level and the public transportation operation cost efficiency of Seoul. The current allocation interval of Seoul bus system is designed based on the empirical data of the past, which is incapable of immediate response to rapidly changing passenger demands. This research analyses passengers’ behaviour and makes a proposal for the traffic network operation by analysing the “traffic card (smart card) big data”, which comes from over 90% of the passengers so as to be flexible in dealing with rapid changes in demand.

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Verseckienė, Alina. "INTEGRATION OF THE PARATRANSIT IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM / PARATRANSPORTO INTEGRAVIMO Į MIESTO VIEŠOJO TRANSPORTO SISTEMĄ ASPEKTŲ TYRIMAS." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 5 (February 2, 2016): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.831.

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The demand of transport grows along with road traffic. Congestion costs 1% of the GDP of European Union (European Union 2014) and also causes significant emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. This problem could be solved by transfering a part of passengers from private modes of transport to the public transport. But the essential condition is a sustainable development which means the accessibility on equal terms. Therefore, attention to the focus group – people with movement impairements, is neccessary. Since even under ideal conditions some of those people will not be able to use the ordinary public transport services, a special transportation service, called paratransit, should be offered. In this paper the parameters of paratransit as well as their variations are analyzed. Also the wider application possibilities are considered. The aspects of integration of paratransit into the existing system, pottential barriers for the integration and conditions for the integration are highlighted. The main purpose of this paper is to formulate the scenarios for the integration of paratransit into the existing public transport system based on the analysis of the scientific literature and the best practices, which could be used to form a policy of improving the accessibility of the public transport for people with movement impairments. Transporto paklausa nuolat auga, o kartu su ja ir kelių eismo intensyvumas. Spūstys Europoje kasmet sudaro apie 1 % jos BVP (Europos Sąjunga 2014), dėl jų išmetama daug anglies dioksido ir kitų nepageidaujamų teršalų. Ši problema miestuose gali būti sprendžiama perkėlus dalį keleivių iš privataus į viešąjį transportą. Tačiau labai svarbu, kad vykdomi projektai atitiktų tvarios plėtros principus, pagal kuriuos numatomas viešojo transporto prieinamumas lygiomis teisėmis. Todėl būtinas dėmesys tikslinei žmonių grupei – žmonėms, turintiems judėjimo apribojimų. Kadangi dalis tų žmonių netgi esant idealioms sąlygoms negalės naudotis tradiciniu viešuoju transportu, jiems yra būtina specialioji transporto paslauga, vadinama paratransportu. Šiame straipsnyje yra išskiriami paratransporto paslaugos parametrai, jų variacijos. Taip pat analizuojamos platesnės šios paslaugos pritaikomumo galimybės. Išskiriami transportinės paslaugos integravimo į esamą viešojo transporto sistemą aspektai bei potencialūs barjerai ir sąlygos paratransporto paslaugai įdiegti. Šio straipsnio tikslas – remiantis mokslinės literatūros ir gerosios patirties analize suformuluoti paratransporto įdiegimo į veikiančią viešojo transporto sistemą scenarijus, kurie gali būti taikomi formuojant viešojo transporto prieinamumo žmonėms, turintiems judėjimo apribojimų, tobulinimo politiką.

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BASOZABAL ZAMAKONA, JOSE FELIX, and MIGUEL ANGEL SORLI PEÑA. "SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY. TRANSPORT DEMAND MANAGEMENT." DYNA 97, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10591.

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This article is based on the conference-debate organized last April 29, by the Basque Group of the Club of Rome given by José Félix Basozabal, naval engineer, expert in transport and public works linked to the Public Administration (Basque Government and Provincial Council of Bizkaia) from 1980 to 2018 in various positions related to transport, public works and environmental training.

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Tang, Chunyan, Ying-En Ge, and William H. K. Lam. "OPTIMIZING LIMITED-STOP BUS SERVICES ALONG A PUBLIC TRANSIT CORRIDOR WITH A DIFFERENTIAL FARE STRUCTURE." Transport 34, no. 4 (October 8, 2019): 476–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11235.

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Limited-stop bus services are a highly efficient way to release more potential of the public transit system to meet travel demand, especially under constraints on vehicle fleet size and transportation infrastructure. This work first proposes a visualized fare table for the design of limited-stop bus services along a public transit corridor, along which many lines of public transit carry a heavy load of demand back and forth every working day. Based on this proposed fare table, a set of fare strategies and desired aims of fare policy, a differentiated fare structure is established to improve social equity and increase revenue. The nature of the structure can help travellers understand how to be charged between their origins and destinations (e.g. flat, time-based, stop-based or quality-based pricing) and then plan their trips efficiently. Secondly, a model is formulated to minimize the total social cost in designing a fixed demand limited-stop bus service system with a differentiated fare structure. Thirdly, numerical results are carried out with sensitivity analysis within three scenarios of differentiated fare structures. It is found that a differentiated fare structure has a great effect on passenger path choice behaviour and resulting optimal design of bus services. An attractive feature of this differentiated fare structure is that it could not only enhance the operator’s revenue and social equity but also reduce passenger transfers and social cost.

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Faroqi, H., and A. Sadeghi-Niaraki. "DEVELOPING GIS-BASED DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT SYSTEM IN TEHRAN CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-189-2015.

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Create, maintain and development of public transport network in metropolitan are important problems in the field of urban transport management. In public transport, maximize the efficient use of public fleet capacity has been considered. Concepts and technologies of GIS have provided suitable way for management and optimization of the public transports systems. In demand-responsive public transportation system, firstly fellow traveller groups have been established for applicants based on spatial concepts and tools of GIS, second for each group according to its’ members and their paths, a public vehicle has been allocated to them then based on dynamic routing, the fellow passenger group has been gathered from their origins and has been moved to their destinations through optimal route. The suggested system has been implemented based on network data and commuting trips statistics of 1 to 6 districts in Tehran city. Evaluation performed on the results show the 34% increase using of Taxi capacity, 13% increase using of Van capacity and 10% increase using of Bus capacity in comparison between current public transport system and suggested public transportation system has been improved.

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Bojovic, Nebojsa, Branislav Boskovic, Milos Milenkovic, and Aleksandar Sunjic. "A TWO‐LEVEL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF RAIL FREIGHT CAR FLEET COMPOSITION." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.23.

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One of the main objectives for a rail company is to minimize the size of rail freight car fleet in order to reduce operating costs. The problem of rail freight car fleet composition is aimed at determining an optimal structure and size of freight car fleet in order to respond to actual transport demand. A rail company must have capabilities to respond to actual transport demand in case it wants to increase the level of competitiveness on the transport market. Therefore, it is necessary that the structure and size of rail freight car fleet correspond to the structure and size of rail transport demand. In this paper, we developed a two‐level approach to determining an optimal rail freight car fleet composition. This approach has been tested for the case of the Public Enterprise ‘Serbian Railways’ and the obtained results show the potential for a practical application of the proposed approach.

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Pompilio Sartori, Juan José, Jorge Mauricio Oviedo, and Eric Roger Müller. "Estimación de la demanda de transporte por parte de los estudiantes de la ciudad de Córdoba. / Public transport estimate demand for estudents of Córdoba city." Revista de Ciencias Empresariales │Universidad Blas Pascal, no. 3 (2017) (March 20, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2468-9785(2018)001.

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Este estudio presenta estimaciones de modelos de elección discreta basados en una muestra de estudiantes a partir de una prueba piloto. Se presentan los resultados correspondientes a los viajes al lugar de estudio por parte de estudiantes universitarios, algunos de los cuales además de estudiar, trabajan. Se ha estimado un modelo logit multinomial de elección de modo de transporte para viajar al lugar de estudio, en el que se han combinado datos de preferencias reveladas y declaradas. El estudio presenta, además, pronósticos de la cuota de mercado del uso de los diferentes modos de transporte, la valoración subjetiva de los ahorros de tiempo de viaje, tiempo de espera y cuadras caminadas en origen y destino al utilizar autobús, como así también las elasticidades de demanda de la elección de modo de transporte y los cambios en el excedente del consumidor ante la aplicación de políticas asociadas a cambios en algunas variables de nivel de servicio de los diferentes modos de transporte. ABSTRACT: The study presents discrete choice models estimated with a sample of students from a pilot survey. It presents estimation results derived from study journeys of university students, some of which are also workers. It has been estimated a multinomial logit model for the decision of making trips to study places, combining revealed and stated preference data. The paper presents market share forecasts for transport modes considered, the subjective valuation of travel time savings, waiting time savings and savings of walked blocks in origin and destination using bus services. Also, it has been estimated the elasticities of demand from the mode choice model and consumer surplus changes derived from the application of policies associated to changes in level of Service variables transport services.

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Holmgren, Johan. "Meta-analysis of public transport demand." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 41, no. 10 (December 2007): 1021–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2007.06.003.

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Konečný, Vladimír, Mária Brídziková, Patrik Gažo, and Štefánia Semanová. "The Influence of Demographic Development and Population Structure on the Demand for Public Passenger Transport." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2019-0017.

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Abstract A prerequisite for realizing the demand for public passenger transport is the existence of its potential which represents the population of a city, region or state. The number of inhabitants has a direct impact on the demand for transport. The paper deals with examining the relationship and dependence between the population demographic development and the demand for public passenger transport. Not only in Slovakia but also in Europe and in the world, the main problem is the ageing population. The changing age structure of the population changes requirements, demands and habits of transported population groups. A gradual increase in the holders of cards of a person with severe disability or a person with severe disability with accompaniment can be observed in Slovakia in recent years. This group of the population has also a very strong impact on the demand for public passenger transport. The dependence between individual variables is examined in the conditions of the Ţilina self-governing region.

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Melnikova, A. Yu. "DETERMINATION OF PUBLIC DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT SERVICES." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 6 (December 28, 2016): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-6-13.

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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article studies the demand of the population for urban passenger transport services, and the satisfaction of passengers with the quality of vehicle operation and drivers, information support for passenger transportation. Based on the wishes of the respondents based on the results of the questionnaire survey, proposals have been developed to improve transport services in the city of Oryol. Keywords: urban passenger transport, transport services, transport mobility, demand for transport services.

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Vabuolytė, Vaida, and Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė. "INDICATORS OF SERVICE QUALITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT / VIEŠOJO TRANSPORTO PASLAUGŲ KOKYBĖS RODIKLIAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 10 (July 5, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2018.3259.

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This article presents the findings in the field of public transport planning, routes network optimization and service demand affecting indicators as well as analysis of public transport indicators in Klaipėda City. It investigates a wide range of approaches to the evaluation process of service quality of public transport proposed by scientists and these field practitioners and defines the most significant indicators. The article encourages discussions for further research of defined indicators of public transport service and proposes its ranking from the most significant one. Findings are suggested being used for policymakers, planners or other researchers as the base for the evaluation of public transport service network in cities, also to evaluate the quality and compare the results among transport districts within the city limits. By knowing the core of the problem of the network of public transport service, it is possible to plan the changes and improve the service quality, therefore, ridership of the system. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje pristatyti viešojo transporto planavimui, maršrutų tinklo optimizavimui bei šios paslaugos poreikiui įtakos turintys veiksniai (rodikliai) ir taip pat viešojo transporto veiksnių (rodiklių) analizė Klaipėdos mieste. Jame nagrinėtas įvairių mokslininkų ir šios srities specialistų požiūris į viešojo transporto paslaugų kokybės vertinimą ir išskirti svarbiausi rodikliai. Straipsnyje skatinama diskusija dėl tolesnio viešojo transporto rodiklių tyrimo ir siūloma juos įvertinti pagal svarbumą. Siūloma, kad politikos formuotojai, planuotojai ar kiti tyrėjai rodiklius taikytų kaip pagrindą viešojo transporto paslaugų tinklui vertinti miestuose, taip pat įvertintų tinklo kokybę ir palygintų rezultatus tarp miesto transportinių rajonų. Nustačius viešojo transporto tinklo problemas, galima planuoti pokyčius ir pagerinti paslaugų kokybę, kartu padidinant sistemos naudojimą.

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Rossolov, Alexander, Vitalii Naumov, Nadezhda Popova, Ekaterina Vakulenko, and Olena Levchenko. "ESTIMATION OF TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY IN CASE OF RATIONAL TRANSPORT HUB LOCATION." Transport 36, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.14299.

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The public transit accessibility has become an important attribute of social and economic activity of contemporary society. The shift to the sustainable paradigm of the current cities’ development has made public transport the basic mean for population travels execution. The spatial character of the travels in the megapolises supposes its implementation with the transfers. This may result in the travel time increase if the transport hubs are designed or located inefficiently. In some cases, the transport hub locations do not reflect the current demand for public transport services and require the fulfilment of the infrastructure measures. The paper presents the Hub Location Problem (HLP) solving in the case of rapid transit and trolleybus lines interaction. It has been proposed the combined criterion for the HLP solving based on the two-dimensional coordinate system with the estimation of passenger walk turnover. The simulation procedure to estimate the transport hub relocation has been made in the PTV VISUM software in the case of the Industrial District of Kharkiv City (Ukraine). The results of the economic effect available from the transport hub rational location have been estimated.

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Brög, Werner. "Individualized Marketing: Implications for Transportation Demand Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1618, no. 1 (January 1998): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1618-14.

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Recently an international demonstration project was carried out between SOCIALDATA and the International Association of Public Transport to create awareness of an innovative marketing approach to increasing public transport use called “individualized marketing.” SOCIALDATA undertook a series of experimental projects designed to prove the effectiveness of subjective perceptions, the so-called “soft policies.” The starting point was the recognition that use of public transport is hindered by a lack of experience and motivation to use it. Potential users of public transport were contacted directly with the intent of motivating them to think about their behavior. Then the test groups were thoroughly informed about public transport and selected test candidates were given a (transferable) ticket to use public transport free of charge for one full month. The experiment was extremely successful: use of public transport for the test group nearly doubled. Next a method was developed allowing the management of projects on the scale of several thousand households. The concept was applied in numerous projects, which all showed the positive results of individualized marketing: a significant increase in the use of public transport. Surplus revenue was available to finance the innovative marketing approach, which has led to a measurable image improvement for public transport and its companies. Therefore, individualized marketing has proved to be a quick, cost-effective method to increase areawide public transport patronage.

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Wang, Dou Wei, Xiao Ning Zhu, and Hong Yang Wu. "Integration of Public Transport and Bus Rapid Transit System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1860.

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Along with the acceleration of city-urbanization and industrialization process of the cities, city traffic demand increases rapidly. This provides a good development opportunity for the urban traffic and also brings new challenges for the urban traffic at the same time. In addition, the demands for the public transport service quality are becoming more and more strictly for the growth of residents’ travel and the improvement of life quality, the problems in the public transport system have become the main aspects that restrict the development of the urban public transport system. So the advantages of BRT in the optimization of the network are becoming more and more significant.

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Daldoul, Manel, Sami Jarboui, and Ahlem Dakhlaoui. "Public transport demand: dynamic panel model analysis." Transportation 43, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9586-1.

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Alonso, Borja, José Luis Moura, Luigi dell’Olio, and Ángel Ibeas. "BUS STOP LOCATION UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NETWORK CONGESTION AND ELASTIC DEMAND / AUTOBUSO STOTELĖS NUOTOLIO NUSTATYMAS SKIRTINGAIS TRANSPORTO GRŪSTIES ATVEJAIS REGULIUOJANT POREIKIUS / ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ МЕСТА АВТОБУСНОЙ ОСТАНОВКИ ПРИ РАЗНЫХ УРОВНЯХ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ЗАТОРА С ЦЕЛЬЮ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ПОТРЕБНОСТЕЙ." TRANSPORT 26, no. 2 (July 7, 2011): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.584960.

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The article analyses optimal bus stop locations under different network congestion levels applying a bi-level optimisation model, covering an upper level minimizing an overall cost function (Social Cost) and a lower level that includes a modal split assignment model. This model is applied to Santander city (Spain) under a range of demand levels, starting from very low to high congestion, representing the evolution of variables in each case and analysing different solutions. The optimal distances between stops obtained for each demand and congestion level indicate that very low demands produce wider spaces. However, as demand increases, accessibility to public transport service should be increased and then spacing between bus stops drops to 360 metres. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip nustatyti optimalią autobuso stotelės vietą (nuotolį), esant skirtingiems transporto grūsties lygiams. Taikomas dviejų lygmenų optimizavimo modelis, kuris aukštesniame lygmenyje iki minimumo sumažina bendrąsias (socialines) išlaidas, o žemesniajame – vertina transporto rūšių pasiskirstymo modelį. Šis modelis naudojamas Santandero mieste (Ispanija), kuriame transporto priemonių poreikiai grūsties atveju svyruoja nuo labai mažo iki didelio ir kiekvieną kartą reškia kintamųjų kaitą, analizuojant skirtingus sprendimus. Kiekvienu atveju tarp stotelių gauti optimalūs nuotoliai rodo, kad labai maži transportavimo poreikiai ir grūsties lygis sukuria daugiau erdvės. Tačiau, jiems didėjant, turėtų padidėti ir galimybės naudotis viešuoju transportu. Tokiu atveju nuotoliai tarp autobusų stotelių mažėja iki 360 metrų. Резюме Исследуется проблема определения конкретного расстояния (месторасположения) между автобусными остановками при разных уровнях транспортных заторов. Для этого используется оптимизационная модель, благодаря которой снижаются до минимума обобщенные (социальные) расходы, а также учитывается модель распределения типов транспорта. Данная модель нашла практическое применение в испанском городе Сантандер. В этом городе потребность в транспортных средствах во время заторов изменяется от очень маленького до очень большого значения и каждый раз по-своему влияет на значения переменных, что затрудняет анализ и принятие решения. Оптимальные расстояния между остановками, полученные в каждом случае, показывают, что малая потребность в транспортировании и малый уровень заторов создают большее пространство. А при их возрастании потребность в общественном транспорте также должна увеличиваться. В этом случае расстояния между автобусными остановками уменьшаются до 360 метров.

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Kwarciński, Tomasz, and Karol Leszczyński. "THE FUNCTIONING OF THE DEMAND-DRIVEN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ON THE EXAMPLE OF SZCZECIN." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego Problemy Transportu i Logistyki 39 (2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ptl.2017.39-04.

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Szczuraszek, Tomasz, and Jacek Chmielewski. "Sustainable transport development and passenger transport demand in Poland." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401021.

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Development of sustainable transportation is a process which involves promoting efficient transport systems meeting social expectations, while reducing any sub-optimal or harmful effects on public health, natural environment, economy and urban planning. Therefore, in the case of passenger transport, the most effective measure to achieve sustainable transport development is to maximize the share of public transport. This paper analyses trends in changes of demand for passenger transport in European Union Member States, in Poland and in Kujawsko-Pomorskie province, including in urban and non-urban areas. Based on collected data and extensive transport-related research of the authors, including surveys of residents, the most important conditions have been defined which affect passenger transport demand in Kujawsko-Pomorskie province, and a forecast has been attempted of the demand in three different scenarios of economic development (optimistic, stable and regressive) for various years. The projected public transport demand has been established on the basis of simulations using a proprietary transport model. Results of these calculations revealed surprising conclusions which indicate unfavourable trends in changes of the analysed demand and insignificant differences in projected transport needs, regardless of the selected economic development option for the country and the province.

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Putri, Adni Bidari, Muhammad Farda, Sigit Puji Santosa, Puspita Dirgahayani, Putu Alit Suthanaya, I. Gusti Ayu Andani, Hansen Sutanto, Laily Rochmatul Charky, and Nunuj Nurjanah. "Study of Public Transport Development in South Bali Districts: Potential Public Transport Mode." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Technology 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31427/ijstt.2021.4.1.2.

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Bali Province in Indonesia is one of the most attractive tourist destinations in the world. The number of tourists visiting this province keeps increasing year by year parallel with the increase of the population of local citizens. Such a phenomenon will certainly increase travel demand and put pressure on the current transport infrastructure. Hence, transport infrastructure development is essential to support the travel demand. This study explores the possibility of implementing a new public transport system in the South Bali District, a district with numerous tourist attractions and activity centres. Data collection on the current transport system and land use in the district were carried out to understand potential corridors for public transport. A stated preference survey was also conducted to discover the public transport mode preferred by the respondents, encompassing tourists and local citizens. This study then recommends the type of public transport mode to be implemented in the district based on i) space availability, ii) respondent preference, and iii) ability to accommodate demand based on calculation. The study concludes that Automated Rapid Transit (ART) is a mode that has the highest potential to be implemented in South Bali Districts.

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McLeod, Sam, Jan Scheurer, and Carey Curtis. "Urban Public Transport." Journal of Planning Literature 32, no. 3 (February 26, 2017): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412217693570.

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This article reviews the literature on current “best practice” principles for planning public transport (PT) networks within the context of planners seeking to transition their cities toward sustainable mobility. An overview is provided of the history of ideas about network development. The emerging frontiers for multimodal, demand-responsive PT and the potential implications of new transport technology on traditional PT are discussed. The future role of transit-oriented development within PT network structures is considered. The “moderators” to network design that may impede future best practice brings the article to conclusion.

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Bhouri, Neila, Jean-Patrick Lebacque, Pablo A. Lotito, and Victoria M. Orlando. "A bilevel model for public transport demand estimation." Transportation Research Procedia 52 (2021): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.01.080.

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Al-Sahili, Khaled, and Abdelmajid Sadeq. "Ridership Demand Analysis for Palestinian Intercity Public Transport." Journal of Public Transportation 6, no. 2 (June 2003): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.6.2.2.

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FitzRoy, Felix, and Ian Smith. "Season Tickets and the Demand for Public Transport." Kyklos 52, no. 2 (May 1999): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00082.

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FitzRoy, Felix, and Ian Smith. "Season Tickets and the Demand for Public Transport." Kyklos 52, no. 2 (May 1999): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1999.tb01443.x.

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Bass, Pablo, Pedro Donoso, and Marcela Munizaga. "A model to assess public transport demand stability." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 45, no. 8 (October 2011): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2011.06.003.

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Hörcher, Daniel, and Daniel J. Graham. "Demand imbalances and multi-period public transport supply." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 108 (February 2018): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2017.12.009.

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Toro-González, Daniel, Víctor Cantillo, and Víctor Cantillo-García. "Factors influencing demand for public transport in Colombia." Research in Transportation Business & Management 36 (September 2020): 100514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100514.

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Yaman, Firat, and Kingsley Offiaeli. "Is the price elasticity of demand asymmetric? Evidence from public transport demand." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 203 (November 2022): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.09.005.

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Prajapati, Anita, Tri Ratna Bajracharya, Nawraj Bhattarai, and Yngve Karl Froyen. "Public Bus Accessibility and its Implications in Energy and Environment: A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32190.

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Growing demand for transport activities has raised numerous transport problems, mainly traffic congestion, environmental and energy issues. Efficient public bus services can be one of the sustainable solutions for meeting local transport demands. But the inefficient operation of public bus services in most of the developing countries has worsened the situation. The multiple service providers, in such open market, compete with each other for their own benefits by adding the number of bus services rather than providing excellent services to users. Accordingly, the number of buses increases that result in higher energy demand and GHG emission. This paper thus aims to analyze the impact of such informal and unregulated transport system prevalent in most of the developing countries focusing mainly on energy and the environment point of views. The study is carried out for the case of Kathmandu valley where the public bus service is owned and operated by multiple service providers. ArcGIS is used to model a public bus network using data available from an open street map. Potential Impact on energy and environment is analyzed using energy modeling tool LEAP. Results show that considerable improvement in energy and emissions can be achieved by improving the public bus services. This paper thus highlights the need for investment in improving access to good public bus services for the sustainable transport planning of the valley.

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Iamtrakul, Pawinee, and Suthipun Thanesuen. "Assessing Commuter Demands on New Public Transit Project: A Case Study of Campus Community." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 7, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v7i1.168912.

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This paper presents the results of a qualitative study of stated choice designs to assess commuting andnon-commuting demands. Base on this assessment, the exploration of the perceptions on public transportservice in the presence of new public transport infrastructure could be performed. The case study of universitycommunity was selected in order to obtain a deeper understanding of travelers’ attitudes towards transportationdevelopment. The key findings indicated that in order to increase public transport usage, the service should beplanned in a way to accommodate travelers. Furthermore, the choices of transports are influenced by severalfactors, such as socioeconomic characteristics, travel behaviors and attitudes. Policies which aim to enhancethe ridership of overhaul should be targeted on the consideration of effective supporting network along with anincorporating with land use planning to reduce frequency of car users.

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Konečný, Vladimír, Róbert Berežný, František Petro, and Martina Trnovcová. "Research on Demand for Bus Transport and Transport Habits of High School Students in Žilina Region." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logi-2017-0016.

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Abstract The paper deals with the analysis of demand for bus transport to examine determinants of demand and practices of high school students based on survey of their transport habits in Žilina Region. Transport habits of students are individual and variable in time. This group of passengers is dependent on public passenger transport services because of their travelling to schools. Significant part of demand for public passenger transport is also formed by this this group of passengers. The knowledge of student's transport habits may help in process of adaptation of offering and quality of transport serviceability what may subsequently stabilize demand for public passenger transport.

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Lee, E., B. Son, and J. B. Lee. "IMPACTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON DEMAND OF PUBLIC BIKE SYSTEM AND ITS CORRELATION WITH URBAN LIFE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W5-2022 (October 14, 2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w5-2022-91-2022.

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Abstract. Public bike systems provide the flexibility of bike-usage that users can rent and return a bike freely at any station. The convenience of the bike-travel system, however, may turn into a disadvantage of demand-supply imbalance in the bike inventory. The recent spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mobility demands due to the lockdowns which restrict the business operating hours and transit services. Therefore, investigating the impacts of the pandemic on the urban social life patterns with the bike usage is an important issue for the bike demand prediction and the improvement of the public bike system service.This research aims to investigate the correlation between the public bike demand and social environment factors during the pandemic applying a multivariate linear regression model to public bike usage data in Seoul, Korea. The results show some promising findings to further promote shared mobility services through policy and marketing strategies. It is noteworthy that the transport disruptions during the pandemic have made a spillover effect from taxi and public transit to bike as an alternative transport mode. The lockdown has restricted the range of activity and resulted in the decrease of the taxi demand, so the number of taxis. On the other hand, the correlations of the geography, meteorology, and date with the bike demand have shown consistency. Therefore, supply of extra bike facilities to improve the system service should be determined based on more accurate demand prediction considering lifecycle-related factors.

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Liu, Bing-Zheng, Ying-En Ge, Kai Cao, Xi Jiang, and Linyun Meng. "OPTIMIZING FARES AND TRANSFER DISCOUNTS FOR A BUS-SUBWAY CORRIDOR." Transport 34, no. 6 (December 23, 2019): 672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11566.

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This paper aims to optimize fares and transfer discounts for public transit service along a bus-subway corridor with the consideration of effects of uncertainty in travel times and difference in stop spacing between bus and subway services on passenger behavior. The former factor is captured by the reserved time in travel cost and the latter one produces some passenger Origin–Destination (O–D) pairs along the corridor that can not be served by one mode only. This problem is formulated as a bi-level program, of which the upper level maximizes the social welfare and the lower-level capturing traveler choice behavior is a variable-demand Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE) assignment model. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to solve the bi-level program while the Method of Successive Averages (MSA) is adopted to solve the lower-level model. A series of numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the performance of the model and solution method. Numerical results indicate that the implementation of transfer discounts may be of great benefit to the social welfare and that the uncertainty in travel time and the difference in stop spacing play an important role in determining optimal fares and transfer discounts for the service along a bus-subway corridor.

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de Weert, Yoran, and Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis. "A COVID-19 Public Transport Frequency Setting Model That Includes Short-Turning Options." Future Transportation 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1010002.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on the public transport sector. After the start of the pandemic, passenger demand dropped significantly for public transport services. In addition, social distancing measures have resulted in introducing pandemic-imposed capacity limitations to public transport vehicles. Consequently, public transport operators should adjust their planning to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study introduces a mixed-integer quadratic program that sets the optimal frequencies of public transport lines and sublines in order to conform with the pandemic-imposed capacity. The focus is on cases where the public transport demand is high, but the crowding levels inside public transport vehicles should remain below the pandemic-imposed capacities. Of particular interest are public transport lines with skewed demand profiles that can benefit from the introduction of short-turning sublines that serve the high-demand line segments. The frequency setting model is tested on a network containing two high-demand bus lines in the Twente region in the Netherlands, and it demonstrates that the revenue losses due to social distancing can be reduced when implementing short-turning service patterns.

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Griškevičienė, Daiva, and Algirdas Griškevičius. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN VILNIUS." TRANSPORT 18, no. 4 (June 30, 2003): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2003.10414092.

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To determine the demand for public transport on the market, a survey was conducted in 2001 — 2002 concerning the situation in the suburban zones of newly-built up districts where public transport is either inaccessible or poorly developed. The analysis was based on major social and economic factors determining the demand for transport. They are: demographic structure and development, restructuring of productive forces and space planning; employment and unemployment; income and poverty; social insurance, pensions and welfare; the household structure; income and expenditures; mobility of the inhabitants and motorization. The accessibility of transport services to passengers and the choice of transport facilities is closely related to their purchasing power. The offer of public transport services is lower than the demand, especially in the suburbs. As a result, the competition of automobiles is very strong there: the preference given to a car is determined by inaccessibility of public transport on the route for 22 % of the inhabitants, while for 20 % the reason was long way to a bus stop or large intervals in the schedule of public transport facilities. Based on the results obtained, the public transport system in Vilnius should be developed along three main lines: 1) raising the quality of public transport provided on fixed routes; 2) revising and updating the system of fares; 3) integrating the suburban public transport system into the central city transport system. These are the priority tasks associated with general goals of improving the system of public transport so that it could satisfy the needs of the passengers in the city.

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Konečný, Vladimír, and Mária Brídziková. "The Impact of the State of Emergency on the Supply of Services and Passenger Demand for Public Transport." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2020-0015.

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AbstractThe paper deals with the research of the demand and supply of public passenger transport services in the state of emergency caused by the COVID-19 disease. The extraordinary situation has been affecting the behaviour and decision-making of passengers and their demand for public transport not only in the Slovak Republic but globally. The situation has caused a significant decline in passenger transport as well as changes in the structure of passengers who still use the public transport system. Several operators have responded to declining demand by reducing the transport services supply, to reduce operating costs. The declining demand is reflected in a decrease in transport revenues and an increase in the demonstrable loss of operators providing public passenger transport services.

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Gomina Mama, Fousseni, Zhong Zhen Yang, Boukon’la Ayedun Akimbi Akpado, and John Kawie Zogar. "Urban Transport Issues in Cotonou: Analysis and Perspectives." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 1118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1118.

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This paper analyzed the urban mobility and mode of transportation within Cotonou, by diagnosing the current problems of transport through the role of each transports actors, demographic. Based on the survey which highlights the characteristics '' household-mobility in Cotonou, this research revealed, on one hand, the large gap between the transport infrastructures and the transport demand, and in the other hand, the exceptional case of mobility in this metropolitan area, where the motorcycles largely dominate the other mode of transport in the city, including public buses which implementation has failed. In the end, some recommendations have been made and proposals formulated in aim to respond efficiently to the urban transport problem in Cotonou.

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Saxena, Neeraj, Taha Rashidi, and David Rey. "Determining the Market Uptake of Demand Responsive Transport Enabled Public Transport Service." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 4914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124914.

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Demand responsive transport (DRT) alternatives offer improved mobility to travellers through station-to-destination or door-to-transit operations. In particular, door-to-transit DRT service acts as a feeder to major public transport hubs, making public transport more accessible and attractive to travellers. This work aims to study the mode choice behaviour of travellers between their current modes and a new service, which is a combination of DRT and public transport. The study is conducted in the Northern Beaches area of Sydney, Australia where DRT is expected to serve as a feeder to the newly introduced express bus service called B-Line. A stated preference (SP) experiment is designed where multiple-choice scenarios involving two modes, status quo (SQ) and the new service (combined DRT and public transit), are presented to the participants. The survey uses trip specific information obtained from Google API to form the attributes for the new service. The collected data are analysed using a latent class choice model (LCCM), which segments the observed sample into distinct groups where each group has its own taste and preferences towards the new service option. Results from the study reveal that one of the identified user segments shows 96 percent uptake towards the new service option, while the other user segment shows an uptake of 44 percent. Results also show that individuals making work trips are more likely to opt for the new service. Findings from this study can provide information to urban planners regarding the market uptake of DRT services. Furthermore, the findings can also help planners in implementing segment specific policies aimed at further improving uptake towards DRT along with public transport.

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Thiagarajan, R., and Dr S. Prakashkumar. "Identification of Passenger Demand in Public Transport Using Machine Learning." Webology 18, Special Issue 02 (April 29, 2021): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si02/web18068.

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An essential aspect of the transport system is public passenger transport and the Public Transport (PT) movement prediction is significant issues faced in the transport planning area because of its operational importance. In recent years, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have received a growing amount of interest. There are many advances and innovative applications that have been introduced for a safer, highly efficient, and even congenial environment from PT. A reliable and efficient system of traffic flow prediction is required for accomplishing these applications that build an event with the application of ITS implementations to resolve the potential road situation in advance. However, the PT network efficiency plays the main role for all urban authority areas in which the advancement of both communication and location devices are randomly increasing the data availability generated over the operational platform. In order to recognize trends useful for improving the Schedule Plan, adequate Machine Learning (ML) approaches need to be implemented. Therefore, this paper focused in heterogeneous data that affect the prediction value which is utilized for predicting the demand transport required in the particular route and arrival time of public transport using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) with Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) algorithm to analyze the forecasting of the real-time passenger demand dynamically endorsed the growth of the dynamic bus management and scheduling. Moreover, the accuracy of proposed SARIMA Model is compared with traditional hybrid model such as Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with ARIMA model for providing an efficient and robust prediction of PT based on passenger demand.

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Cebecauer, Matej, Wilco Burghout, Erik Jenelius, Tatiana Babicheva, and David Leffler. "Integrating Demand Responsive Services Into Public Transport Disruption Management." IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 2 (2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojits.2021.3057221.

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Orlando, Victoria M., Enrique G. Baquela, Neila Bhouri, and Pablo A. Lotito. "Analytical and simulation-based estimation of public transport demand." Transportation Research Procedia 62 (2022): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.02.090.

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He, Ling-Yun, Sheng Yang, and Dongfeng Chang. "Oil Price Uncertainty, Transport Fuel Demand and Public Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030245.

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Cyril, Anila, Raviraj H. Mulangi, and Varghese George. "Demand-Based Model for Line Planning in Public Transport." Transportation Research Procedia 48 (2020): 2589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.252.

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Jara-Díaz, Sergio, Alejandro Tirachini, and Cristián E. Cortés. "Modeling public transport corridors with aggregate and disaggregate demand." Journal of Transport Geography 16, no. 6 (November 2008): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.06.006.

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Budiarto, Arif. "The sustainability of public transport operation based on financial point of view." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801008.

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One of the keys to be successful in transport modeling is indicated by how large the transfence of private users to public transports. The public transport role to solve the problem of traffic jam in urban areas is indisputable. It is undeniable that public transport is a very efficient mode in using road space. For that reason, the sustainability of public transport becomes a necessity that must be achieved. When there is no possible way to minimize the operating cost, the only way is by raising the revenue. The revenue really depends on the number of passengers and not by raising fare, as the fare has been set by the government. This paper attempts to analyze the financial resilience on public transport in Surakarta City i.e. Batik Solo Trans (BST) based on the data of users demand on public transport. This study found that the total of real passengers per year was very few that there were only 87, 908 passengers and the financial loss related to the BST operation was Rp. 291,302,006.00 per year. If it happens continuesly, the sustainability is difficult to maintain, unless the Surakarta Municipal Government is willing to cover the loss. The operation of BST will reach break even point if the number of passengers reach 161,056 people per year.

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D’Cruz, Jinit J. M., Anu P. Alex, V. S. Manju, and Leema Peter. "Impact assessment of short-term management measures on travel demand." Archives of Transport 53, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1743.

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Travel Demand Management (TDM) can be considered as the most viable option to manage the increasing traffic demand by controlling excessive usage of personalized vehicles. TDM provides expanded options to manage existing travel demand by redistributing the demand rather than increasing the supply. To analyze the impact of TDM measures, the existing travel demand of the area should be identified. In order to get quantitative information on the travel demand and the performance of different alternatives or choices of the available transportation system, travel demand model has to be developed. This concept is more useful in developing countries like India, which have limited resources and increasing demands. Transport related issues such as congestion, low service levels and lack of efficient public transportation compels commuters to shift their travel modes to private transport, resulting in unbalanced modal splits. The present study explores the potential to implement travel demand management measures at Kazhakoottam, an IT business hub cum residential area of Thiruvananthapuram city, a medium sized city in India. Travel demand growth at Kazhakoottam is a matter of concern because the traffic is highly concentrated in this area and facility expansion costs are pretty high. A sequential four-stage travel demand model was developed based on a total of 1416 individual household questionnaire responses using the macro simulation software CUBE. Trip generation models were developed using linear regression and mode split was modelled as multinomial logit model in SPSS. The base year traffic flows were estimated and validated with field data. The developed model was then used for improving the road network conditions by suggesting short-term TDM measures. Three TDM scenarios viz; integrating public transit system with feeder mode, carpooling and reducing the distance of bus stops from zone centroids were analysed. The results indicated an increase in public transit ridership and considerable modal shift from private to public/shared transit.

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Muttaqin, Muchammad Zaenal, Yori Herwangi, Cahyono Susetyo, Tri Sefrus, and Muhammad Subair. "Public Transport Performance Based on the Potential Demand and Service Area (Case Study : Jakarta Public Transport)." Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.daengku367.

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The effectiveness and efficiency of public transport should be a priority for transportation in developing cities. Despite the efforts from the government to improve public transportation, in Jakarta City, Indonesia, there is still 9.93% increase of private vehicles annually per year. In detail, contributor for increasing vehicles in Jakarta is motorcycles with an average annual increase of 10.54% every year, followed by an increase in the percentage of passenger cars by 8.75%. In contrast, the number of public transportation increased only by 1.74%. This research did the evaluation for public transport service in Jakarta by availability and accessibility for them. Neighborhood analysis and Proximity analysis used in this research. The results of the research showed that major problems in public transportations in Jakarta City are the coverage area of the service, route connectivity, and its accessibility for public facilities. There are only 7.78% for coverage area by flexible bus stop service with average walking distance by 300 m. Thus, there are some areas that are not passed by public transport routes, for about 18.5 million people live in blank spot area.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Publict transport demand'

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