Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Publised documents'

L’objectif de cette thèse est la gestion de la QdS des systèmes publier/souscrire sur MANET. Ceci provoque un maintien permanent de la connectivité entre les parties communicantes du système. Plus précisément, les contributions de cette thèse, sont organisées autour de deux grands axes relatifs aux modules de monitoring et d’analyse de la QdS de ces systèmes dans un contexte ad-hoc. Ceci englobe les etapes de collecte des paramètres de QdS au cours du fonctionnement du système, et de détection des dégradations pouvant l’affecter.Contrairement à ce qui existe dans la littérature, notre module d’analyse, basé sur des méthodes statistiques, se base sur des seuils adaptatifs qui tiennent en comptes de la dynamicité du réseau et des changements affectant le contexte ad-hoc. En outre, le module d’analyse proposé offre à l’utilisateur une variété de choix entre une analyse réactive, proactive et hybride. Notre module permet aussi une localisation des pannes une fois détectées ou prédites. Des expérimentations menées à l’aide du simulateur Jist/Swans ont montré l’efficacité des modules developpés. De plus, une mesure des paramètres de performance du système avant et après introduction des modules développés a montré leur efficacité. Finalement, une étude de la complexité spatiale et temporelle du module analytique proposé a été réalisée
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) is a set of nodes, communicating meaning wireless channel without any centralized control. The main characteristic of MANET is the frequent mobility of its nodes leading to some dynamic changes of topology. Nodes mobility in such networks introduces possible disconnections between adjacent nodes, and more generally quality of service (QoS) degradation issues that do not fit well with QoS requirements of QoS sensitive applications. Publish/subscribe communicating system has been proposed at the middleware layer in order to communicate mobile entities in MANET. Such system is a decoupled interaction between publishers (or producers) and receivers (or consumers).Our goal in this thesis is to provide a QoS management for publish/subscribe systems when deployed on MANET while assuming a best effort flux at the routing layer. This thesis proposes an analytical model for latency aware publish/subscribe systems on mobile ad-hoc networks. The proposed approach combines both proactive and reactive statistical analysis.On the one hand, the reactive analysis, suitable for multimedia applications, detects failures by approximating latency series with Gumbel distribution. On the other hand, the proactive analysis, suitable for crisis management applications, forecasts failures occurrence relying on Auto Regression or Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Formulas. Finally, a hybrid analysis was proposed by dynamically switching from reactive to predictive forms of analysis whenever quality of service violations are noticed. In order to extract failure cause, we refer to the correlation method once failure was detected or predicted. Simulations done, using Jist/Swans simulator, under different scenariosproved the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme

Resource Description Framework (RDF) est devenu un modèle de données pertinentafin de décrire et de modéliser les informations qui sont partagées sur le Web.Cependant, fournir une solution permettant de stocker et de récupérer cesdonnées de manière efficace tout en passant à l’échelle reste un défi majeur.Dans le contexte de cette thèse nous proposons un intergiciel dévoué austockage, à la récupération synchrone mais aussi à la dissémination sélectiveet asynchrone en quasi temps réel d'informations RDF dans un environnementcomplètement distribué. L’objectif est de pouvoir tirer parti des informationsdu passé comme de celles filtrées en quasi temps réel. Contrairement à unegrande majorité de solutions existantes, nous avons avons fait le choixd’éviter le hachage pour indexer les données ce qui nous permet de traiter lesrequêtes à intervalles de manière efficace. Le filtrage des informations enquasi temps réel est permis par l’expression des intérêts à l’aide desouscriptions basées sur le contenu des évènements futurs. Nous avons proposédeux algorithmes qui permettent de vérifier la concordance des évènements RDFavec les souscriptions enregistrées. Les deux algorithmes ont été testésexpérimentalement. En sus de la récupération synchrone et de la diffusionasynchrone d’évènements, nous nous sommes intéressés à améliorer la répartitiondes données RDF qui souffrent de dissymétrie. Finalement, nous avons consacréun effort non négligeable à rendre notre intergiciel modulaire
RDF has become a relevant data model for describing and modeling information on the Web but providing scalable solutions to store and retrieve RDF data in a responsive manner is still challenging. Within the context of this thesis we propose a middleware devoted to storing, retrieving synchronously but also disseminating selectively and asynchronously RDF data in a fully distributed environment. Its purposes is to allow to leverage historical information and filter data near real-time. To this aims we have built our system atop a slightly modified version of a 4-dimensional Content Addressable Network (CAN) overlay network reflecting the structure of an RDF tuple. Unlike many existing solutions we made the choice to avoid hashing for indexing data, thus allowing efficient range queries resolution. Near realtime filtering is enabled by expressing information preferences in advance through content-based subscriptions handled by a publish/subscribe layer designed atop the CAN architecture. We have proposed two algorithms to check RDF data or events satisfaction with subscriptions but also to forward solutions to interested parties. Both algorithms have been experimentally tested for throughput and scalability. Although one performs better than the other, they remain complementary to ensure correctness. Along with information retrieval and dissemination, we have proposed a solution to enhance RDF data distribution on our revised CAN network since RDF information suffers from skewness. Finally, to improve maintainability and reusability some efforts were also dedicated to provide a modular middleware reducing the coupling between its underlying software artifacts

En raison du grand succès des réseaux sociaux, la nature et mode de diffusion del’information sur le Web a changé en faveur de contenus dynamiques diffusés sousforme de flux d’information. Dans le contexte des réseaux sociaux, les utilisateurs peuvent s’abonner à de multiples sources d’information et recevoir continuellement de nouveaux contenus. Or, ce nouveau mode de publication/consommation peut entraîner d’énormes quantités d’information, en surchargeant les utilisateurs. Ainsi,il est essentiel de développer des techniques efficaces de filtrage et de classement qui permettent aux utilisateurs d’être efficacement mis à jour avec le contenu le plus intéressant.Les requêtes top-k sur les flux d’information limitent les résultats au contenu le plus pertinent. Pour améliorer la pertinence des résultats, le modèle de classement des résultats de requêtes devrait tenir compte de divers facteurs de contexte, y compris les facteurs traditionnels basés sur le contenu, les facteurs liés aux utilisateurs et leurs relations (réseau social). Dans le réseau social, le maintien des ensembles de top-k peut être plus difficile car de nombreux événements pourraient changer les messages de top-k tels que le nouveau message, la nouvelle action, le nouvel utilisateur, les modifications de profil, etc. Pour un grand réseau social avec des millions d’utilisateurs et des milliards de messages, le traitement continu des requêtes top-k est l’approche la plus efficace. Cependant, les systèmes actuels pour le traitementcontinu des requêtes top-k échouent lorseque ces systèmes considèrent des modèles de classement riches avec des critères de réseau social. En outre, de tels systèmes ne tiennent pas compte de la diversité des contenus publiés.Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur le filtrage des flux d’information basé sur le calcul des messages top-k pour chaque utilisateur dans le réseau social. Nous visons à développer un système à large échelle capable d’évaluer efficacement les requêtes top-k continues avec une fonction de classement complexe. Nous proposons l’algorithme SANTA, capable de gérer des fonctions de classement complexes avec des critères sociaux tout en maintenant un traitement continu des requêtes top-k. Nous proposons aussi une variante (SANTA +) qui accélère le traitement d’actions dans les réseaux sociaux. Pour tenire compte de la diversité des contenus publiés, nous proposons l’algorithme DA-SANTA qui étend l’algorithme SANTA pour intégrer la diversité dans le modèle top-k continu tout en maintenant l’efficacité du système. Nos expérimentation sont menées sur des données réelles extraite de Twitter, illustrant les propriétés de nos algorithmes et de montrer leur efficacité
Information streams provide today a prevalent way of publishing and consuming content on the Web, especially due to the great success of social networks. In the social networks context, users may subscribe to several information sources of interest and continuously receive new published content. But, this new publishing/consumption mode may lead to huge amounts of received information, overwhelming for human processing. Thus, there is a vital need to develop effective filtering and ranking techniques which allow users to efficiently be updated with the most interesting content. Top-k queries over the streams of interest allow limiting results to the most relevant content. To provide a relevant content, the ranking model should consider various context factors including traditional IR factors and social network. In the social network, maintaining top-k sets may be more difficult because many events could produce changes in the top-k sets such as new message, new action, new user, profile changes, etc. For a large social network with millions of users and billionsof messages, the continuous processing of the top-k queries is the most effective approach. However, current systems fail in combining continuous top-k processing with rich scoring models including social network criteria. Moreover, such systems do not consider the diversity of published content.In this thesis, we focus on filtering information streams based on the computation of top-k messages for each user in the social network. We aim to develop a scalable system that be able to efficiently evaluate the continuous top-k queries using the continuous approach with a ranking function including social network criteria. We propose the SANTA algorithm, able to handle scoring functions including content similarity but also social network criteria and events in a continuous processing of top-k queries. We propose a variant (SANTA+) that accelerates the processing of interaction events in social networks. To provide both diverse and relevant messages in top-k sets, we propose the DA-SANTA algorithm which extends the SANTA algorithm to integrate the diversity into the continuous top-k model while maintaining the efficiency of the system. Our experiments are conducted over a real data-set extracted from Twitter, illustrating the properties of our algorithms and demonstrating their efficiency

Jean Amrouche, berbère et chrétien, est mort, miné intérieurement d'avoir voulu être français et algérien, au nom des valeurs que la France lui avait inculquées. Poète, il se mua en critique littéraire, directeur de revue (L'Arche) puis interlocuteur de grands écrivains à la radio (Gide, Claudel, Mauriac, Ungaretti, Giono). Dans cette période d'intégration à l'occident, son âme céda la place à la partie la moins noble de son être. Mais il gardait remords et nostalgie de cette "ombre morte de lui-même". Parallèlement à son métier d'écrivain et de critique, il vécut le drame spirituel du colonisé. Il s'évertua à proclamer que le problème algérien était en réalité un problème français: la France "de l'évangile des droits de l'homme et de l’Egalite des chances", la France "mythique" est par vocation libératrice des peuples. Selon lui le combat algérien pour la dignité et l'indépendance n'était pas un combat contre la France. Il s'y engagea par la parole, l'écrit et les négociations secrètes. Ce faisant il retrouva l'âme de son peuple et de son héros éponyme Jugurtha, et dans le même temps, la veine poétique. Son itinéraire est éclairé par son journal (1928-1962), sa correspondance (820 lettres retrouvées), des notes et brouillons, des émissions littéraires ou politiques, tous documents inédits
Jean Amrouche, a Christian and a berberian, died wrecked by his desperate attempt to be at once both French and Algerian, in the name of values that have been taught to him by France. As a poet, he soon became a literary critic (L'Arche) then an interviewer on the French radio. During his period of integration to occident, the lower parts of his being took over the higher inspirations of his noble soul, but deep inside he kept remorse and nostalgia over that "dead shadow of himself". Together with his profession of writer, he had to go through the spiritual drama of the colonized people. He kept proclaiming that the Algerian problem was in fact a French one. The France of "the rights of man gospel and equality of chances", the "mythical" France is by vacation for liberty of the nations. According to him, the Algerian struggle for dignity and independence was not a struggle against France. Consequently, he involved himself in it by words, writings and secret negotiations. Through them, he recollected his people's soul the one of his eponym hero "Jugurtha", and simultaneously, his poetic inspiration. His route can be lighted trough his diary (1928-1962), his correspondence (820 recovered letters), annotations, rough copies, radio series, all unpublished documents

Depuis le début de leur reconnaissance artistique dans les années 1990, les photographes japonais Homma Takashi (né en 1962), Kawauchi Rinko (née en 1972), Sanai Masafumi (né en 1968) et Yamamoto Masao (né en 1957) ont publié de très nombreux ouvrages. En privilégiant le livre à l’exposition pour la présentation de leurs oeuvres, ils en ont fait un espace de confrontation entre des réflexions occidentales et des modèles nationaux traditionnels déjà existants, notamment esthétiques et littéraires. On observe aussi, chez ces photographes puisant leur inspiration dans leur environnement immédiat, des similitudes dans les thèmes photographiés, les démarches de production, tout comme dans les choix de mise en page des clichés.Au sein d’une étude élargie de l’histoire du livre de photographies au Japon, la démarche exemplaire de ces quatre artistes permettra de développer et d’analyser comment les pratiques de publication de la photographie ont pu nourrir, et nourrissent encore, le renouvellement de la photographie japonaise contemporaine. L’emploi du livre, objet aisément transportable, manipulable et reproductible, impose également de s’interroger sur la diffusion et sur la réception du travail de ces artistes, au Japon comme à l’étranger. En effet, le livre est aussi à envisager comme un médium qui matérialise les échanges entre l’Extrême-Orient et l’Occident
Since the beginning of their artistic recognition in the 1990s, Japanese photographers Homma Takashi (born in 1962), Kawauchi Rinko (1972-), Sanai Masafumi (1968-) and Yamamoto Masao (1957-) have published numerous photobooks. By favouring the book over the exhibition to display their works, they turned it into a space where Western reflections and traditional Japanese models intersect, especially aesthetic and literary ones. The four photographers all take their inspiration from their own environment, but similarities can also be observed in the photographic subjects, production processes and page settings.In an expanded study of the history of photobooks in Japan, the exemplary approaches of these four artists will enable to develop and to analyse how photography publishing practices have fed – and are still feeding – the renewal of Japanese contemporary photography. Using the book (an object that can be easily carried, handled and mechanically reproduced) makes it necessary to wonder about the circulation and the critical reception of the artists’ work, both in Japan and abroad. Indeed, the book has to be considered as an artistic medium that materialises the relationships between the Far East and the West

Notre travail de recherche explore de manière comparée le développement du neuromarketing aux Etats-Unis et en France. Nous commençons par analyser la littérature sur le neuromarketing. Nous utilisons comme cadre théorique et méthodologique l’Actor Network Theory (ANT) ou Théorie de l’Acteur-Réseau (dans le sillage des travaux de Bruno Latour et Michel Callon). Nous montrons ainsi comment des actants « humains et non-humains »: acteurs-réseaux, traces (publications) et controverses forment les piliers d’une nouvelle discipline telle que le neuromarketing. Notre approche hybride « qualitative-quantitative », nous permet de construire une méthodologie appliquée de l’ANT: analyse bibliométrique (Publish Or Perish), text mining, clustering et analyse sémantique de la littérature scientifique et web du neuromarketing. A partir de ces résultats, nous construisons des cartographies, sous forme de graphes en réseau (Gephi) qui révèlent les interrelations et les associations entre acteurs, traces et controverses autour du neuromarketing
Our research explores the comparative development of neuromarketing between the United States and France. We start by analyzing the literature on neuromarketing. We use as theoretical and methodological framework the Actor Network Theory (ANT) (in the wake of the work of Bruno Latour and Michel Callon). We show how “human and non-human” entities (“actants”): actor-network, traces (publications) and controversies form the pillars of a new discipline such as the neuromarketing. Our hybrid approach “qualitative-quantitative” allows us to build an applied methodology of the ANT: bibliometric analysis (Publish Or Perish), text mining, clustering and semantic analysis of the scientific literature and web of the neuromarketing. From these results, we build data visualizations, mapping of network graphs (Gephi) that reveal the interrelations and associations between actors, traces and controversies about neuromarketing

Le contexte de cette thèse est à l’intersection des contextes des grilles de calculs, des nouvelles technologies du Web ainsi que des Clouds et des services à la demande. Depuis leur avènement au cours des années 90, les plates-formes distribuées, plus précisément les systèmes de grilles de calcul (Grid Computing), n’ont pas cessé d’évoluer permettant ainsi de susciter multiple efforts de recherche. Les grilles de PCs ont été proposées comme une alternative aux super-calculateurs par la fédération des milliers d’ordinateurs de bureau. Les détails de la mise en oeuvre d’une telle architecture de grille, en termes de mécanismes de mutualisation des ressources, restent très difficile à cerner. Parallèlement, le Web a complètement modifié notre façon d’accéder à l’information. Le Web est maintenant une composante essentielle de notre quotidien. Les équipements ont, à leur tour, évolué d’ordinateurs de bureau ou ordinateurs portables aux tablettes, lecteurs multimédias, consoles de jeux, smartphones, ou NetPCs. Cette évolution exige d’adapter et de repenser les applications/intergiciels de grille de PCs qui ont été développés ces dernières années. Notre contribution se résume dans la réalisation d’un intergiciel de grille de PCs que nous avons appelé RedisDG. Dans son fonctionnement, RedisDG reste similaire à la plupart des intergiciels de grilles de calcul, c’est-à-dire qu’il est capable d’exécuter des applications sous forme de «sacs de tâches» dans un environnement distribué, assurer le monitoring des noeuds, valider et certifier les résultats. L’innovation de RedisDG, réside dans l’intégration de la modélisation et la vérification formelles dans sa phase de conception, ce qui est non conventionnel mais très pertinent dans notre domaine. Notre approche consiste à repenser les grilles de PCs à partir d’une réflexion et d’un cadre formel permettant de les développer, de manière rigoureuse et de mieux maîtriser les évolutions technologiques à venir
The context of this work is at the intersection of grid computing, the new Web technologies and the Clouds and services on demand contexts. Desktop Grid have been proposed as an alternative to supercomputers by the federation of thousands of desktops. The details of the implementation of such an architecture, in terms of resource sharing mechanisms, remain very hard. Meanwhile, the Web has completely changed the way we access information. The equipment, in turn, have evolved from desktops or laptops to tablets, smartphones or NetPCs. Our approach is to rethink Desktop Grids from a reflexion and a formal framework to develop them rigorously and better control future technological developments. We have reconsidered the interactions between the traditional components of a Desktop Grid based on the Web technology, and given birth to RedisDG, a new Desktop Grid middelware capable to operate on small devices, ie smartphones, tablets like the more traditional devicves (PCs). Our system is entirely based on the publish-subscribe paradigm. RedisDG is developped with Python and uses Redis as advanced key-value cache and store

Le parking intelligent, permettant aux conducteurs d'accéder aux informations de stationnement sur leurs appareils mobiles, réduit les difficultés des usagers. Tout d'abord, nous mettons en lumière la manière de recueillir les informations de parking en introduisant une architecture de réseaux de capteurs multi-saut, et les modèles d'intensité applicative en examinant la probabilité d'arrivées et de départs de véhicules. Puis nous étudions la stratégie de déploiement des réseaux de capteurs et définissons un problème multi-objectifs, puis nous le résolvons sur deux cartes de parking réelles. Ensuite, nous définissons un service Publish-Subscribe pour fournir aux conducteurs des informations pertinentes. Nous illustrons le système dans des réseaux véhiculaires et mobiles et soulignons l'importance du contenu et du contexte du message au conducteur. Afin d'évaluer la résilience du système, nous proposons un modèle Publish-Subscribe étendu et nous l'évaluons dans différentes circonstances imprévues. Notre travail est basé sur la prémisse que les capteurs de parking sont déployés à une grande échelle dans la ville. Nous considérons une vue d'ensemble des services urbains du point de vue de la municipalité. Ainsi, nous faisons la lumière sur deux thèmes principaux: la collecte d'informations sur le déploiement de capteurs et un modèle étendu de Publish-Subscribe. Notre travail donne un guide avant de démarrer un projet de parking intelligent ou tout service urbain similaire en temps réel. Il fournit également une plate-forme d'évaluation valable pour tester des jeux de données plus réalistes, comme des traces de véhicules ou de trafic réseau
Smart parking, allowing drivers to access parking information through their smart-phone, is proposed to ease drivers' pain. We first spotlight the manner to collect parking information by introducing the multi-hop sensor network architecture, and how the network is formed. We then introduce the traffic intensity models by looking at the vehicle's arrival and departure probabilities, following the heavy-tailed distribution. We study the deployment strategy of wireless on-street parking sensor layouts. We define a multiple-objective problem and solve it with two real street parking maps. In turn, we present a Publish-Subscribe service system to provide good parking information to drivers. We illustrate the system with a vehicular network and point out the importance of content and context of a driver’s message. To evaluate the resilience, we propose an extended Publish-Subscribe model, and evaluate it under different unforeseen circumstances. Our work is based on the premise that large-scale parking sensors are deployed in the city. We look at the whole picture of urban service from viewpoint of the municipality. As such, we shed light on two main topics: the information collection on sensor deployment and an extended version of Publish-Subscribe messaging paradigm. Our work gives a guideline from network-related perspectives for city before launching a smart parking or any similar real-time urban service. It also provides a meaningful evaluation platform for testing more realistic datasets, such as real vehicle traces or network traffic

Dans la mouvance des « études culturelles », ce travail conduit une lecture éthique de la poésie spirituelle. Le projet d’écrire un fragment de la « pré-histoire » du sujet et du moi, ainsi que du lyrisme, amène à examiner l’élaboration d’un rapport à soi pratique, voire réflexif, à travers l’énoncé poétique. L’énonciation poétique spirituelle offre-t-elle un dire je fondateur du sujet éthique (qui serait l’équivalent pratique du cogito spéculatif de Descartes, 1637, 1641) ? Un premier temps, intitulé « Poétique de soi », questionne les moyens verbaux et littéraires d’une telle élaboration de soi au tournant du XVIIe siècle. Une écriture marquée par la lecture de Denys l’Aréopagite joue de la crise herméneutique ouverte par le nominalisme, tout en l’utilisant en vue de faire signe et de référer, par l’énigme et le symbole dissimilaire, à un secret. Elle peut être inscrite dans les débats touchant une rhétorique de la personne et de la sincérité, dont sont à l’origine les rhétoriques ecclésiastiques d’Érasme et d’Augustin, relayées notamment par l’entreprise des Essais de Montaigne (1580). Un second temps, intitulé « Politique de soi », met au jour l’importance discursive d’un augustinisme méditatif, à partir de l’examen de la circulation et de l’imitation poétique de méditations augustiniennes apocryphes datant des XIe et XIIIe siècles. Ce courant diffère de l’augustinisme théologique articulé autour de la notion de justification. Nous relevons le rapport à soi qu’il établit aussi bien dans le contexte d’une énonciation mystique que d’une énonciation éthique néo-stoïcienne et questionnons les enjeux publics de la parole personnelle et de l’éthique privée. Elles indiquent une dépolitisation elle-même politique du sujet royal au tournant du XVIIe siècle
In my thesis I present an ethical interpretation of the spiritual poetry in the context of cultural studies. The aim is to conceive a fragment of the “pre-history” of the subject and the self, and further of the lyricism; which leads to a systematic examination of the self-fashioning, practice oriented or reflexive one, via poetic enouncement. Can poetic spiritual enunciation provide a saying I that is the basis of ethical subject (that would be a practical equivalent of Descartes’ speculative cogito, 1637, 1641)? First part, “Poetics of the Self”, investigates the language and literary tools participating on self-fashioning by the turn of the 17th century. Writing influenced by lectures of Dionysius the Areopagite employs the hermeneutic crisis initiated by Nominalism which is, however, used to express and to refer to secret, by the means of enigma and dissimilar symbol. This writing can be situated in the debates on rhetoric of person and sincerity which originate in the ecclesiastical rhetoric of Erasmus and Augustine, spread out especially by the project of Montaigne’s Essays (1580). The second part, “Politics of the Self”, shows the discursive importance of meditative Augustinianism, based on the study of circulation and poetic imitation of apocryphal Augustinian meditations from the 11th and 13th century. The stream differs from the theological Augustinianism constructed on the concept of justification. The thesis reveals the relation to the self elaborated in the context of mystical enunciation, as well as in the ethical neo-stoical enunciation. I investigate the public challenge of this personal speech and private ethics that indicate a de-politisation of royal subject by the turn of the 17th century; de-politisation that is, nevertheless, itself political

La traduction pragmatique n’est pas le domaine réservé des traducteurs travaillant dans les secteurs économiques en dehors de l’édition. De nombreux traducteurs d’édition sont aussi des traducteurs pragmatiques. Dans ce domaine, leur spécialisation ne se confond pas avec le domaine dans lequel ils travaillent. Leur métier est méconnu et il n’existe aucune formation pour préparer les aspirants traducteurs à cette spécialisation. Cette recherche s’efforce de combler cette lacune. Elle commence par décrire les ouvrages pragmatiques afin de montrer que dans ce secteur, la réflexion traductive porte sur le texte dans sa mise en page. L’unité de traduction s’hybride, puisqu’elle est composée de rubriques textuelles aux fonctions communicatives précises et d’éléments visuels. Il s’ensuit que la réflexion traductive demande une approche multisémiotique qui s’appuie sur une connaissance approfondie du livre pris comme un espace signifiant dont le texte n’est qu’une composante parmi d’autres. La connaissance du livre est au cœur de la spécialisation des traducteurs pragmatiques actifs dans l’édition. Le milieu de l’édition attend des auteurs et traducteurs un travail de rédacteurs. Les tapuscrits fournis sont relus et corrigés, voire partiellement réécrits pour les améliorer, par les correcteurs. Il n’y a plus un auteur mais une fonction auteur qui réunit les différents intervenants de la chaîne du livre. L’apprentissage du métier doit donc comporter une part de socialisation seconde, intégrée aux exercices de traduction proposés, pour préparer les aspirants traducteurs à s’insérer dans cette équipe. Tout en se perfectionnant en traduction, les jeunes traducteurs doivent se muer en collaborateurs fiables capables de prendre part au processus de fabrication du livre en agissant en tant que médiateur culturel. Leur action s’exprime principalement par l‘écriture de la traduction mais aussi par leurs commentaires sur la fabrication du livre
Pragmatic translation is thought as the area of specialized translators working for clients outside of the publishing industry, which is deemed to contract literary translators. This is true to some extend. However a large sector of the publishing industry is not concerned with literature but with pragmatic books dealing with all sorts of topics. Many pragmatic translators working for the publishing industry are in fact specialized in translating pragmatic books, not texts. They have to understand the way pragmatic books, made of visual and linguistic messages, convey information to their readers to translate them. This aspect of translation is little known and, outside the study of translation for advertising, research investigating the interaction of texts and iconography is scarce. There is even less on translator training. This thesis endeavours to contribute the observations of a professional translator turned translator trainer. It begins by describing the layout of pragmatic books and showing how the translator must take in the text and the iconography to make sense of the message. The double page is a visual unit splitting the information between text and images. As a result, a translation unit is a mix of texts and images. It follows that translators have to approach the translation of books as a multisemiotic activity. Therefore, when translating pragmatic books, translators have to consider them as signifying space in which textual units are no longer the only source of information. The core of the specialisation of pragmatic translators working in the publishing industry is a profound understanding of how books communicate meaning. Publishers expect both authors and translators to be able to write following style specifications for a given book series. Tapuscrits are proofread and sometimes partially rewritten to be put in agreement with the social communicative norms. At the end of the process leading to the publication of a book, the published text is a collective product and no longer the text originally provided by its “author”. To translate in this context, trainees must learn how to work in a team, albeit working from home. Translation training, at this point, aims at turning students into independent professional able to rewrite and adapt texts, taking into account the visual around, to accommodate readers’ expectations as defined by publishers. As they strive to improve their translation techniques, soon to be translators also need to learn to become cultural mediator and to criticize the books they are translating so as to improve them if need be. Invisible to readers, their contribution to the making of a book, appears in the writing of the translation and in comments on the book itself; and it is very visible to publishers they work for

Tenaillé entre les logiques de la globalisation juridique, de l'intégration communautaireet les contraintes politiques, économiques et sociales propres aux Etats, le droit des contratsadministratifs en Afrique noire francophone s'est transformé. Ses sources se sont élargies. Sesfondements conceptuels et matériels ont connu une mutation. C'est dans ce contexte qu'émergele droit de la commande publique. Renouvelant les principes matriciels de transparence, deliberté et d'égalité, le droit de la commande publique apporte un noyau dur de règles communesaux marchés publics, aux contrats de délégation de service public et aux contrats de partenariatpublic-privée. Pour ce faire, il se fonde d'abord sur une nouvelle conceptualisation des notions àla base du droit des contrats administratifs. Dans un second temps, le droit de la commandepublique représente une refondation des procédures de passation, des mécanismes de contrôle etde règlement des litiges relatifs à ces contrats administratifs. L'émergence de ces nouvellesrègles fait suite aux réformes d'envergure des législations nationales relatives aux contratsadministratifs. Cette étude se donne comme objectif d'analyser les apports véritables desdispositions issues de ces réformes afin de voir si elles ont permis de garantir davantagel'effectivité de l'idéologie concurrentielle
Caught between the new reality of legal globalization, community integrationrequirements and the political, economic and social constraints of each state, the regulation ofadministrative contracts in French-speaking African countries has changed. The sources of suchregulation have been expanded. Its conceptual and material foundations have changed. A newsystem of public procurement has emerged. Trying to renew principles of transparency, as wellas freedom of acces to public procurement and equality, the new public procurement regulationprovides a body of common rules for public procurement, public service delegation contractsand public-private partnership contracts.First, in order to achieve this, it relies on a new interpretation of the notions on whichAdministrative Contracts Law is based. Second, the new public procurement regulationrepresents a recasting of award procedures, control mechanisms and dispute resolutionmeasures. The emergence of these new regulations follows reforms of Administrative ContractsLaw in the respective countries.The objective of this study is to analyze the actual contribution of provisions flowing from thesereforms, in order to see if they are contributing to ensuring that competitive ideology isincreasingly effective

La thèse questionne les facteurs permettant la pratique et l’usage des technologies numériques en soutien à la scolarisation dans le domaine des technologies éducatives au niveau des écoles secondaires. A partir d’un regard croisé entre différents terrains de l’espace francophone et s’appuyant sur les pratiques, le chercheur analyse des éléments comparatifs dans le secteur des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) en éducation entre les pays suivants : le Viêt Nam, la Moldavie, le Burkina-Faso et la République Démocratique du Congo. Un regard croisé permet de comparer les conditions influençant l’usage des TIC au sein de la Francophonie institutionnelle. La recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorant menée au sein de Laboratoire Éducation et Apprentissage (ea 4071) à l’université Paris René Descartes et présente les résultats de quatre études de cas effectuées de 2010 à 2013 auprès d’élèves (n = 3 236) et des enseignants (n = 467) des pays ciblés membres de l’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). Le chercheur décrypte les données collectées en liens aux conditions d’accès, aux pratiques et à l’usage des technologies numériques dans les établissements du niveau secondaire. La recherche a été effectuée par questionnaire pour collecter les données quantitatives. Le chercheur a également eu recours aux groupes d’entretien focalisé pour colliger les données qualitatives. La démarche croise, la territorialité du phénomène d’usage des technologies numériques en soutien à l’apprentissage en milieu éducatif. En Moldavie et au Viêt Nam, la recherche a porté une attention particulière à l’analyse de l’usage des TIC en soutien à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère (FLE). Le champ de la recherche se situe dans l’espace Francophone, dans sa diversité et sa pluralité. Nous analyserons les évolutions et tenterons d’expliquer les raisons des retards pour certains pays ainsi que les nombreux obstacles d’accès aux TIC. Nous chercherons à jeter les voiles de l’usage des TIC dans des contextes qui semblent austères. Les résultats de l’enquête dévoilent que la démarche d’appropriation des TIC par les professeurs de français connaît un processus qui semble s’accroître au Viêt Nam et en Moldavie. Il ressort des pratiques contrastées lorsque l’on croise les résultats des enquêtes. L’analyse de l’accès aux outils informatiques et leur intégration en classe révèlent que les usages sont nettement plus soutenus par les enseignants dans les pays de l’est de l’Europe (Moldavie) et en Asie (Viêt Nam) par rapport aux pratiques observées sur le continent Africain (plus spécifiquement au Burkina-Faso et en République Démocratique du Congo). Enfin, une étude de cas a été menée au sein des espaces publics numériques : Maisons des savoirs de la Francophonie
The thesis questions the different elements which allows the practice and use og Information and Communication Technologies in educational teaching in secondary schools. From a cross analysis between different fields within the francophone space and by leaning on the educational practices, the rechearcher analyses the comparing elements in the ICT sector in education between the following countries : Vietnam, Moldavia, Burkina-Faso and the Democratic Republic of Congo. A cross analysis allows the comparasion between the different inflencing conditions in the practices and use of the ICTs within the environment composing the diversity of the institutional Francophonie. The research has taken place during a doctorac theses at the Laboratoire Education et Apprentissage (ea 4071) at the Pris René Descartes university and presents the results of four case studies done between 2010 and 2013 with students (n=3236) and teachers (n=467) in target countries within members of the Organisation international de la Francophonie (OIF). The researcher analyze the data that has been collected related to the conditions of access, practises and the use of digital technologies in the secondary school level. The research has be done by questionnaires in order to collect the quantitative data. The researcher has also used focalized group interviews in order to collect quanlitativ data. The compared approach, the territoriality of the phenomenon of the use of digital technology as a support in an educational learning environment. In Moldavia and i Vietnam, the research has paid special attention to the analysis ot het use of ICT as a support in teaching and learning French as a second language, français langue étrangère (FLE). The research fiel is situated within the Francohpone space, with all its diversity and plurality. We analyse the evolution and seek to explain the reasons for the delays of certain countries as well as numerous obstacles to ICT access. We seek to reveal the use of ICT in austere contexts. The results reveal that the CTI appropriation process by French teachers is a growing process in Vietnam and Moldavia. Contrasting practices are standing out when crossing the survey results. The analysys of access to IT tools and the integration in teaching reveals that the user is significantly more sustained by teachers in eastern Europe (Moldavia) and Asia (Vietnam) as to practices on the African continent (specificity Burkina-Faso and the Democratic Republic of Congo). Finally, a study has been done within the public digital space as Multimedia center named : Maisons des savoirs de la Francophonie
Teza examinează factorii care permit practica și utilizarea tehnologiei digitale pentru susținerea școlarizării, în domeniul tehnologiilor educaționale din școlile de nivel secundar. Plecând de la o nouă perspectivă între diverse teritorii din lumea francofonă și bazându-se pe practicile din mediul educațional, cercetătorul analizează elementele comparative din domeniul tehnologiilor de informație și a comunicațiilor (TIC) în domeniul educației dintre următoarele țări : Vietnam, Moldova, Burkina Faso și Republica Democrată Congo. O nouă perspectivă permite compararea condițiilor care influențează utilizarea TIC în zona care constituie diversitatea Francofoniei instituționale. Cercetarea este parte a unei teze de doctorat din cadrul Laboratorului de Educație și Învățământ (ea 4071) la Universitatea Paris René Descartes și prezintă rezultatul a patru studii de caz efectuate între 2010 și 2013 pe lângă elevii (n=3 236) și profesori (n=467) din țările vizate, membre ale Organizației Internaționale a Francofoniei (OIF). Cercetătorul decriptează informațiile culese cu privire la condițiile de acces, practicile și utilizarea tehnologiei digitale pentru școli la nivel secundar. Cercetarea a fost efectuată printr-un chestionar pentru a culege datele cantitative. Cercetătorul a recurs de asemenea la focus-grupuri pentru a colecta date calitative. Noua abordare combină teritorialitatea fenomenului de utilizare a tehnologiei digitale susținând sistemul educațional. În Moldova și în Vietnam, studiul a acordat o atenție deosebită analizei utilizării TIC pentru susținerea predării și a învățării limbii franceze ca limbă străină (FLE). Domeniul cercetării este în spațiul Francofon, în diversitatea și pluralitatea acestuia. Vom analiza evoluțiile și vor încerca să explicăm motivele întârzierii în anumite țări, precumși numeroasele obstacole de acces la TIC. Vom încerca să influențăm utilizarea TIC în contexte care par a fi austere. Rezultatele cercetării arată că demersul de familiarizare cu TIC a profesorilor de franceză prezintă o creștere în Vietnam și Moldova. Acest lucru reiese din practicile contrastante în momentul în care sunt comparate rezultatele cercetărilor. Analiza accesului la mijloacele informatice și integrarea acestora în clasă arată faptul că utilizările sunt mult mai susținute de către profesorii din țările din estul Europei (Moldova) și Asia (Vietnam) decât din Africa (mai specific în Burkina-Faso și Republica Democratică Congo). În plus, s-a făcut un studiu de caz în cadrul spațiilor publice numerice : Maisons des savoirs de la Francophonie
Luận văn đặt vấn đề về những nhân tố cho phép thực hành và sử dụng công nghệ số hỗ trợ dạy học trong lĩnh vực công nghệ giáo dục ở khối trung học. Từ một góc nhìn chéo giữa nhiều vùng miền khác nhau của không gian Pháp ngữ và dựa vào thực tiễn trong môi trường giáo dục, người nghiên cứu phân tích các yếu tố so sánh việc ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin (CNTT) trong giáo dục ở những quốc gia sau đây : Việt Nam, Moldavie, Burkina-Faso và Cộng hòa dân chủ Congo. Một góc nhìn chéo cho phép so sánh các điều kiện ảnh hưởng đến việc thực hành và sử dụng CNTT trong một không gian đa dạng của Tổ chức cộng đồng Pháp ngữ. Nghiên cứu thực hiện trong khuôn khổ luận văn tiến sĩ được tiến hành ở Phòng Nghiên cứu Giáo dục và Học tập (ea 4071) ở trường Đại học Paris René Descartes và trình bày kết quả của bốn trường hợp nghiên cứu thực địa từ năm 2010 đến 2013 đối với học sinh (n=3.236) và giáo viên (n=467) các quốc gia nói trên là thành viên của Tổ chức quốc tế Pháp ngữ (OIF). Người nghiên cứu giải mã các dữ liệu thu thập liên quan đến những điều kiện tiếp cận, thực hành và sử dụng các công nghệ số ở trường trung học. Nghiên cứu đã được thực hiện bằng bảng câu hỏi để thu thập dữ liệu định lượng. Người nghiên cứu cũng đã phỏng vấn một nhóm giáo viên và học sinh nhằm thu thập các dữ liệu định tính. Phương pháp tiến hành gặp nhau ở tính lãnh thổ của hiện tượng sử dụng công nghệ số hỗ trợ học tập trong môi trường giáo dục. Ở Moldavie và Viêt Nam, nghiên cứu đã đặc biệt lưu tâm phân tích việc sử dụng CNTT trong dạy và học tiếng Pháp ngoại ngữ (NN). Trường nghiên cứu trong phạm vi không gian Pháp ngữ đa dạng và đa chiều. Chúng tôi sẽ phân tích sự tiến triển và cố gắng giải thích lý do chậm trễ của một số quốc gia cũng như nhiều trở ngại khi tiếp cận CNTT. Chúng tôi cũng tìm hiểu việc sử dụng CNTT trong những bối cảnh tưởng như khó khăn. Kết quả điều tra hé lộ rằng tiến trình chiếm hữu CNTT của các giáo viên tiếng Pháp có gia tăng ở Việt Nam và Moldavie và làm nổi bật thực tế tương phản khi giao hòa các kết quả điều tra. Phân tích việc tiếp cận và đưa công cụ tin học vào lớp học đã tiết lộ rằng việc sử dụng CNTT nhận được sự ủng hộ rõ nét của giáo viên các nước Đông Âu (Moldavie) và châu Á (Việt Nam) so với thực tế quan sát được ở châu Phi (đặc biệt là ở Burkina-Faso và CHDC Congo). Cuối cùng, việc nghiên cứu trường hợp cụ thể đã được tiến hành ở các không gian số công cộng : các Nhà tri thức Pháp ngữ

This study investigates the various types of practice concert pianists utilize in preparation for performance. There are surprisingly few published documents which examine the highest levels of piano practice, and this study examines these scarce ideas in comparison with the newly collected material given by eight selected concert pianists regarding their practice methods, techniques and regimes. Keyboard practice techniques from the middle of the 19th century until the present are examined and presented here. Some of the techniques are physical applications of how to practice the instrument, and others are mental preparations which suggest philosophical guidance toward physical practice or enhance performance capabilities. Advice from many famous (older) concert pianists regarding their practice is compared with the newer advice of the eight pianists selected for this study. The amalgamation of all the compiled suggestions should enlighten any pianist’s approach toward practice, and could also be a helpful compendium to any professors of piano who wish to offer a wider variety of practice methods to their students.
Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
hb2013
Music
unrestricted

碩士
國立中興大學
資訊科學與工程學系所
101
With the rapid growth of Internet and the popularization of 3C products, data is transferred and exchanged more frequently across the Internet. Thus, unifying exchange format has become an inevitable trend. For example, many Internet-based applications use XML as the standard format, such as publish/subscribe systems. In publish/subscribe systems, the messages generated by publishers are encoded as XML documents, and the query patterns of subscribers are defined as XML query statements. As the number of documents and query requests grow, the question of how to find out the appropriate documents that match users’ preferences drives the issue of streaming XML document filtering methods. Basically, the common goal of XML document filtering methods is to improve the space required for query index and the performance of the matching phase. Our research team has proposed an XML document filtering method, called EFilter, in 2012. Experimental results showed that EFilter is more efficient than FiST and SFilter in terms of filtering speed. However, there are some drawbacks of EFilter. Firstly, although the BranchIDset records the connectedness property of branch nodes in twig patterns, post-processing is needed for final matching which inevitably increases the execution time of matching process. Secondly, an additional structure, the QLinkedList, is used to record the position of leaves with the same tag type clustered in a linked list for quickly determining the positions of leaf nodes of each query. The efficiency of EFilter is improved by increasing some space for QLinkedList. In this paper, we overcome aforementioned problems by proposing an improved XML document filtering method, called the E+-Filter, which is based on the Query Guide of E-Filter and adopts the concept of branch-point matching policy of BFilter. E+-Filter abandons the use of QLinkedList by a top-down search process. To avoid the post-processing step, matching result is checked while the branch point is met during filtering phase. Another feature of E+-Filter is that only two temporary stacks are required to simplify the matching process of filtering phase. The experimental evaluation shows that E+-Filter performed better than both EFilter and BFilter in terms of the space of query index and the execution time of filtering.

碩士
樹德科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
101
E-government is the application of information technology on management and operational activities. E-government is becoming popular model for many countries, and is deployed in many provinces and cities nationwide. In particular, the provisionof public services and information online for all citizens, businesses quickly, saving,more favorable everywhere, anytime. In recent years, the attention of the Party and Laocai provincial government investment in application development and information technology in the area and as a result of e-government construction in Laocai province have been implemented, has grown along with the renewal of the organization, management practices, operating procedures, making local government work force, more efficient, more transparent, serving People and businesses better and stronger democracy. Framework of e-government solutions and building electronic portal Laocai has been implemented since 2008, with the integrated application that providesonline public services in many sectors in the province for many, initially forming a newtrading method between the public authorities to citizens through the Internet. These include licensing services not publish material business of the Department of Information and Communications. After some time in use, some reports have shown much interest in making the application of information technology on management and administration and publicservices. However, just stop in the evaluation through the combined data from other applications. So the main purpose of this study is focused on the factors that affectcitizen satisfaction when using online public services Licensing publish material Non-Business in Laocai province to overview the entire system of public services online as well as the province that are indicators of needs, attitudes and awareness in the use of online public services by citizens. In this study, to test the proposed model, I conducted a survey through questionnaires to over 200 user’s of organizations, businesses and residents now have and are using these services. Since then, this study proposes the provincial People''s Committees solutions to increase the number of citizens using public services online in Laocai province contribute to transparency and publicity of the offer public service to servecitizens better and better.