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1
Manor, Mike. "The home front : civil rights, American values, and public trust when America is at war /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=cfa77bfd-34c7-403f-9f65-cbb4037fa454&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Felicello, Rosanne Elena. "Is America driven by profit?: a sociological study of private versus public interests in American society." Thesis, Boston University, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27646.
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Li, Gao Sheng. "Soft power in practice :China's public diplomacy towards America." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335241.
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Phillips, Kathryn Bednarzik. "A comparative content analysis of illustrated African American children's literature published between 1900-1962 and 1963-1992." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35695362.html.
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Schindler, Caitlin Elizabeth. "The lost American tradition : American foreign public engagement & the origins of American public diplomacy, 1776-1948." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9150/.
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Most of the existing literature on American public diplomacy focuses on both historic and present-day use. Literature by academics and practitioners, as well as government reports and studies done by think tanks, all repeatedly highlight the same problems affecting public diplomacy of the United States (from the end of World War II through today): an absence of strategy - what public diplomacy should do and how; as well as clearly defining the role of public diplomacy in American statecraft; and uneven and ineffective implementation. Interestingly, some of the literature on public diplomacy recognizes the practice to date back before the twentieth century, yet there are no studies examining public diplomacy practice prior to the twentieth century. This study offers a new approach to evaluating and understanding the use of public diplomacy in American statecraft by broadening the understanding and interpretation of diplomacy. The aim of this research is to understand how past uses and techniques of foreign public engagement evolved into modern public diplomacy as a tool of American statecraft. The study explores six historic cases where the United States’ government or private American citizens actively engaged with foreign publics, starting with the American Revolution in 1776 through the passage of the Smith-Mundt Bill of 1948. Each case looks specifically at the role foreign public engagement plays in American statecraft, while also identifying trends in American foreign public engagement and making connections between past practice of foreign public engagement and public diplomacy, and analysing how trends and past practice or experience influenced modern American public diplomacy.
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Moylan-Brouff, Glenda Silko Leslie Marmon. "Writing counter-histories of the Americas Leslie Marmon Silko's 'Almanac of the Dead' /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060314.105816/index.html.
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Brose, Angela B. "A vision for public place in America." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1116355.
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The importance of public place in the United States of America as an environment for communication, the transmission of cultural values and for the enhancement of society and community, using a comprehensive notion of entertainment as a catalyst.creative projectThis project intends to develop a catalogue of design implications for the design of a public place that successfully serves the community enhancement and the cultural transmission. This catalogue of design implications will be the result of the extensive research on the American culture, on the elements of cultural expression with emphasis on the use of entertainment as a catalyst, on the elements of urban history and the urban environment as well as on the social and commercial success of public place.contextThe context of this research is the number of issues American urban environments are facing. Most of the problems in their combination are the source of numerous urban issues. Some of the key issues that have developed on this basis are e.g. the loss of human scale or e.g. the need for a collective vision, community and cultural identity. These issues are strongly interrelated with another.issueThese are some of the deficiencies that lead to the key issue of this project: the loss of community manifested by urban isolation and fragmentation and problems relating to the humane environments and settings. Nevertheless community and cultural enhancement can help to create a greater awareness for the prerequisites for a healthy living environment. Community and cultural enhancement help to stimulate greater self-sufficiency helping to address the previously mentioned issues at their sources. The premise is that community is an essential ingredient in cohesive urban and suburban neighborhoods and is part of the positive image of a well designed and maintained city fabric.positionThe focus of this work is the community, the public place and the cultural expression with emphasis on entertainment. In the same order they represent the issue, the place and the catalyst. This work claims that entertainment can be used to design an environment enhancing community and communication. The assumption related with entertainment is that social interaction and collective well being are essential parts of community structure and therefore activities related to entertainment help to foster a collective vision.methodThe first step to prove this position is to identify the issues concerning urban settlements in the United States of America. The urban context has to be defined. The second step is to define the cultural context and to analyze the notion of entertainment as a means of cultural expression and its potential to serve as a catalyst. The third step is to identify the elements of social and commercial success of a public environment using at least two models defining those elements. Each of the three steps concludes in a set of architectural values and design elements. The fourth step is to deduce a catalogue of design implications from the information collected. This last step proposes the practical application of this research. The anticipated results of this project should be regarded as a suggestion for the practical application of this research based on the observation of and reflections on the research results, hopefully resulting in the identification of additional questions for further research.<br>Department of Architecture
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Mangal, Kunal. "Public Perceptions of Income Inequality in Latin America." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244451.
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This thesis explores the ways in which public opinion on income inequality is shaped in Latin America. The central argument is that the key to understanding public discontent lies in shifting attention from "differences in income" to "differences in ability to achieve things one has reason to value because of one's position in the income distribution." That is, two countries that appear the same in the former dimension may look entirely different in the latter - and I provide examples from Latin America to illustrate. I maintain that Latin Americans believe the inequality in their countries is too high not just because of the shape of the income distribution, but also because factors besides income - such as the provision of public goods, the strength of institutions, and cultural norms - exacerbate the impact that those income gaps have in people’s lives. Lastly, I explore the factors that may be most responsible for driving the changes in public perception of inequality in Argentina over time. The evidence hints at the possibility that Argentines may be confusing poverty with inequality.
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Neigh, Janet Marina. "Rhythmic Literacy: Poetry, Reading and Public Voices in Black Atlantic Poetics." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/83661.
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English<br>Ph.D.<br>"Rhythmic Literacy: Poetry, Reading and Public Voices in Black Atlantic Poetics" analyzes the poetry of the African American Langston Hughes and the Jamaican Louise Bennett during the 1940s. Through an examination of the unique similarities of their poetic projects, namely their engagement of performance to build their audiences, their experiments with poetic personae to represent vernacular social voices, their doubleness as national and transnational figures, their circulation of poetry in radio and print journalism and their use of poetry as pedagogy to promote reading, this dissertation establishes a new perspective on the role of poetry in decolonizing language practices. While Hughes and Bennett are often celebrated for their representation of oral language and folk culture, this project reframes these critical discussions by drawing attention to how they engage performance to foster an embodied form of reading that draws on Creole knowledge systems, which I term rhythmic literacy. Growing up in the U.S and Jamaica in the early twentieth century, Hughes and Bennett were both subjected to a similar Anglophone transatlantic schoolroom poetry tradition, which they contend with as one of their only available poetic models. I argue that memorization and recitation practices play a formative role in the development of their poetic projects. As an enactment and metaphor for the dynamics of colonial control, this form of mimicry demonstrates to them the power of embodied performance to reclaim language from dominant forces. This dissertation reveals how black Atlantic poetics refashions the institutional uses of poetry in early twentieth-century U.S and British colonial education for the purposes of decolonization.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Voss, Jessica. "An empirical analysis of public perception of reclaimed water applying the situational theory of publics." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003091.
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Farrar, Angela L. "It's All About Relationships: African-American and European-American Women's Hotel Management Careers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/public/etd-195610359611541.
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Whitcher, Gary Frederick. "'More than America': some New Zealand responses to American culture in the mid-twentieth century." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6304.
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This thesis focuses on a transformational but disregarded period in New Zealand’s twentieth century history, the era from the arrival of the Marines in 1942 to the arrival of Rock Around the Clock in 1956. It examines one of the chief agents in this metamorphosis: the impact of American culture. During this era the crucial conduits of that culture were movies, music and comics. The aims of my thesis are threefold: to explore how New Zealanders responded to this cultural trinity, determine the key features of their reactions and assess their significance.
The perceived modernity and alterity of Hollywood movies, musical genres such as swing, and the content and presentation of American comics and ‘pulps’, became the sources of heated debate during the midcentury. Many New Zealanders admired what they perceived as the exuberance, variety and style of such American media. They also applauded the willingness of the cultural triptych to appropriate visual, textual and musical forms and styles without respect for the traditional classifications of cultural merit. Such perceived standards were based on the privileged judgements of cultural arbiters drawn from members of New Zealand’s educational and civic elites. Key figures within these elites insisted that American culture was ‘low’, inferior and commodified, threatening the dominance of a sacrosanct, traditional ‘high’culture. Many of them also maintained that these American cultural imports endangered both the traditionally British nature of our cultural heritage, and New Zealand’s distinctively ‘British’ identity.
Many of these complaints enfolded deeper objections to American movies, music and literary forms exemplified by comics and pulps. Significant intellectual and civic figures portrayed these cultural modes as pernicious and malignant, because they were allegedly the product of malignant African-American, Jewish and capitalist sources, which threatened to poison the cultural and social values of New Zealanders, especially the young. In order to justify such attitudes, these influential cultural guardians portrayed the general public as an essentially immature, susceptible, unthinking and puritanical mass. Accordingly, this public, supposedly ignorant of the dangers posed by American culture, required the intervention and protection of members of this elite.
Responses to these potent expressions of American culture provide focal points which both illuminate and reflect wider social, political and ideological controversies within midcentury New Zealand. Not only were these reactions part of a process of comprehension and negotiation of new aesthetic styles and media modes. They also represent an arena of public and intellectual contention whose significance has been neglected or under-valued. New Zealanders’ attitudes towards the new cinematic, literary and musical elements of American culture occurred within a rich and revealing socio-political and ideological context. When we comment on that culture we reveal significant features of our own national and cultural selves.
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Beltz, Trevor Richard. "The Disappearing Middle Class: Implications for Politics and Public Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/412.
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What does it mean to be middle class? The majority of Americans define themselves as members of the middle class, regardless of their wealth. The number of Americans that affiliate with the middle class alludes to the idea that it cannot be defined simply by level of income, number of assets, type of job, etc. The middle class is a lifestyle as much as it is a group of similarly minded people, just as it is a social construct as much as it is an economic construct. Yet as the masses fall away from the elite, and changes continue to reshape the occupational structure of the job market—due to globalization in a technological age; many have begun to question whether or not the middle class—and, by extension, the American way of life—will be able to survive. This thesis analyzes which Americans fall into the category of middle class and why. It observes the possible reasons the middle class is changing from the style portrayed through much of the 19th and 20th centuries. And lastly, this thesis poses possible solutions through public policy initiatives.
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Rowland, Hilary. "Shakespeare and the public sphere in nineteenth century America." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35936.
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The eighteenth century public sphere has been defined by Habermas in terms of its rational, critical style of debate and egalitarian ideals. In eighteenth century America the public sphere comprised mainly elite merchants. This group mediated between civil society and the state in order to influence government decisions. Motivated largely by commercial interests, they nevertheless claimed to represent the entire society. But around the mid-nineteenth century, the American public sphere began to expand, mainly due to the emergence of a middle class. Debate over Shakespearean drama had a profound effect on the ways in which 19th century civil society presented and considered arguments related to public issues. Increasingly, the credibility of an individual's public utterance, rather than his or her social or intellectual status, was of primary import in determining the merit of an argument. The discursive behaviour adopted in discussion of Shakespeare plays in numerous clubs and societies helped to form habits of rational critical debate which characterized public decision-making in the latter part of the century. Those largely excluded from public debate, such as blacks and women, began to publicly argue for rights previously extended only to white males. The major spread of mass entertainment and its perceived ills toward the end of the century, however, rendered Shakespeare the chief weapon in the resistance to modern vulgarity and commercialism. The wedge which developed in Shakespeare discussion between amateurs and academics at this time may be partly explained by a developing mass consumption mentality which Habermas contends segmented the public into protective, specialized minorities and an often uncritical mass of consumers.
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Franke, Astrid. "Pursue the illusion : problems of public poetry in America /." Heidelberg : Winter, 2010. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3433425&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Rowland, Hilary. "Shakespeare and the public sphere in nineteenth century America." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50251.pdf.
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Franke, Astrid. "Pursue the illusion problems of public poetry in America." Heidelberg Winter, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1000498573/04.
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Swaney, Patrick R. "The Public." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1458640191.
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Harris, Phillip D. "The Influence Mentoring Has on the Persistence of Academically Successful African American Males Who Are Juniors or Seniors at a Public, Predominantly White Institution." Connect to resource online, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1198784662.
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Smith, Maegan A. "A Public History Meditation| Collaboration's Role in Public History with Two of Louisiana's American Indian Tribes." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163324.
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<p> The projects in this meditation focus on the importance of collaboration in public history. Using two different tools, both projects show a new way for understanding the histories of two diverse Louisiana American Indian communities. The project on the Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana is not a complete public history project, but it shows the progression of research and preliminary work needed for the pubic history aspect through an interactive map. The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana exhibit highlights the importance of collaboration and consultation with the Tribe, which happened at nearly every step of the curation and development of the exhibit. Focusing on the inclusion of these communities, and those surrounding them, helped in the understanding of the audience for each of these projects, as well as the overall importance of consultation with the community or communities represented.</p>
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Dixon, Brendan W. "The Protestant heritage of American public schools." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Bettie, Molly Lenore. "The Fulbright Program and American public diplomacy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6889/.
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International educational exchanges are widely considered to be an important form of public diplomacy. They are thought to build relationships and mutual understanding between the peoples of different nations, and thereby contribute to international goodwill and the cause of peace. The Fulbright Program, America’s flagship educational exchange endeavour, was founded upon such principles and expectations. During its first six decades of exchanges, the programme has grown from modest beginnings into an academically prestigious brand in international education. This study offers a newly updated history of the Fulbright Program, based on archival research and semi-structured interviews. It examines the role that the Fulbright Program has played in American public diplomacy and foreign policy since its establishment in the aftermath of the Second World War. It situates the narrative of the exchange programme against its larger context of U.S. foreign relations. The exchange programme is shown to be remarkably adaptable, as it overcomes a range of political and economic challenges throughout its history. Three key themes are drawn from this historical narrative and explored in analytical chapters: funding, bureaucracy and the Fulbright grantee experience. The ebb and flow of Congressional support for exchanges, as well as the phenomenon of cost-sharing by partnering nations, reveals a great deal about the Fulbright Program’s purposes and practices. The perceived purpose of the exchanges can also be inferred by examining the changes that have taken place in the bureaucratic structure of American public diplomacy throughout the history of the Fulbright Program. The grantee experience is arguably the greatest determinant of an exchange programme’s effectiveness, and has been the subject of most Fulbright Program literature. Unlike previous studies, however, which relied primarily on surveys of exchange participants, this study adopts a more holistic approach by focusing on the institution rather than the individual grantee. This study’s framework is based upon the parent fields of public diplomacy. Drawing upon theories from psychology, communications and political science, the analytical framework suggests an original approach for exchange diplomacy research. It critically examines the assumptions that are often used to justify exchanges, including the contact hypothesis, the opinion leader concept and the perceived link between public opinion and foreign policy. Using a combination of archival research and interviews, the study offers new insights into the Fulbright Program’s practices and challenges normative assumptions about the role of exchange diplomacy in foreign policy.
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French-Hodson, Ruth Anne. "The paradox of the American state : public-private partnerships in American state-building." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6729fb6-4d5e-4e90-abe9-4b384f9f2402.
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From its formation, the American federal government partnered with private organizations to accomplish state goals. With little formal organizational capacity, the American state relied on the resources and credibility of private organizations. This thesis investigates the success of public-private partnerships in American state-building. By looking at alternative enforcement mechanisms, this thesis adds to theories of state-building and private power. The American experience helps us conceive a more nuanced perspective on state formation that recognizes the state’s varying tools rather than focusing solely on the development of formal organizational capacity. The questions driving this thesis are: How can public-private partnerships expand state capacity? Are there systematic differences in the outcomes and purposes of partnerships based on the branch of government – whether legislative, presidential, bureaucratic, or judicial – that mediates the partnership? My case studies examine the use of partnerships in the early state’s interactions with American Indian tribes. The cases put these general questions into more focus by examining if these partnerships expanded state capacity to dictate the terms of engagement and the content of racial orders. When these partnerships expand capacity, I explore the ways in which this state goal is accomplished. However, I remain acutely aware of the potential for partnerships to both fail to build capacity or become merely means to service a private interest.
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Snydacker, Sarah Elizabeth. "The new American song: a catalog of published songs by 25 living American composers." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1265.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to create a catalog of the published, solo vocal songs of 25 living American composers. Through this project, visibility will be given to a significant amount of contemporary literature that is currently unknown and / or underused by many singers and voice teachers today. Exposure to the literature in this project will encourage singers and teachers to give deserving attention to a wealth of contemporary American song literature, and will help to stimulate the study, practice and performance of other contemporary songs and composers. I have selected 25 living American composers. The composers represent a variety of compositional styles, and the songs vary in level of difficulty. The songs chosen are examined based upon criterion for vocal study at the collegiate level, and the entire repertoire is appropriate for traditional classical vocal training. Many of these composers' songs are readily available in public and collegiate libraries across the country. There are some composers, however, whose songs are currently not available in libraries, but are deserving of attention. The unpublished songs of the selected composers are not included because the purpose of this project is to increase accessibility. The composers for this dissertation include: Dominick Argento, Daniel Asia, Robert Baksa, Seymour Barab, Jack Beeson, William Bolcom, John Bucchino, Tom Cipullo, John Corigliano, John Frantzen, Zina Goldrich and Marcy Heisler, Ricky Ian Gordon, Daron Hagen, John Harbison, Jack Heggie, Lee Hoiby, Richard Hundley, Anne Kilstofte, Lori Laitman, Libby Larsen, John Musto, Thomas Pasatieri, Andre Previn, Gene Scheer, and Richard Pearson Thomas.
The body of the dissertation consists of a brief biography of the individual composers followed by analyses of the composers' music. Each published song is analyzed according to a set of criterion for vocal study at the collegiate level. The annotations include: title, poet, publisher and date, dedication, vocal range, tessitura, recommended voice type, level of difficulty of the vocal and piano accompaniment, possible uses, brief musical and textual description, and other pertinent information for the study and performance of the music. This dissertation will encourage the study, practice and performance of contemporary American music. The annotated catalog will include vital information for the quick selection of songs, and the information I compile will be invaluable to singers and voice teachers searching for contemporary American literature. The composers included in this project will also benefit from the exposure of their work. There are, of course, many more composers whose songs are deserving of inclusion in this project. Annotated catalogs of larger scope or of differing perspectives should be created as further study.
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Von, Rautenfeld Hans. "This our talking America : Emerson, public opinion, and democratic representation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3044777.
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Andrus, Brenda Olsen. "Utopian Marriage in Nineteenth-Century America: Public and Private Discourse." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1998. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,4596.
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Cordovez, Mónica. "Transfer of technology to Latin America." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60476.
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The acquisition of foreign technology is an imperative requisite for the economic and social progress of developing countries. However, the strong bargaining position of technology suppliers vis a vis technology acquirers unduly influences the terms and conditions under which technology is conveyed to developing countries and perpetuates their dependence on foreign sources of technology.<br>State intervention, through the enactment of technology transfer legislation, is a viable alternative for strengthening the acquirer's bargaining position, and thus obtaining technology under fair and equitable terms. Technology transfer policies must focus on the generation of indigenous technological capabilities, rather than on the mere importation of consumptive technology. In order to achieve their ultimate goals--social and economic progress and technological self-reliance, developing countries' governments must integrate these policies within concrete and long-term economic development programs.
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Crew, Danny Oliver. "Political discourse and American published sheet music : a commentary of four published works." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2014. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/6581/.
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The purpose of this commentary is to discuss the context and theoretical underpinnings that form the basis of my four publications, and how these works have made a meaningful contribution to the study of American socio-political discourse in general, and to the study of American historical music in particular. The study of American political history has principally focused on traditional primary and secondary sources for such inquiry: contemporary letters, journals and diaries, books, official documents, newspapers and other periodicals. One major primary source that has been largely overlooked is that of published music. Two factors have precipitated this oversight: historically, traditional musicology ignored popular music as having no scholarly legitimacy. Secondly, most repository institutions have ignored, or are unaware of, the historical context and relevance of socio-political sheet music, cataloging it as a one-dimensional artifact defined almost exclusively in musical terms such as “vocal,” “instrumental,” or “ballads,” and not for its historical context and non-musical relevance. Published music encompasses far more than just notation, structure and form; it illuminates a plethora of human activity far beyond the composer-listener archetype: performance, publishing, commercial enterprise, and socio-political context are only a few of these extra-musical facets of published music that can tell us not only about the composer and music itself, but also about the society in which it was created. It was the purpose of my four published works submitted herewith to begin to remedy these issues by illuminating a source of contemporary discourse that can shed a different light on history; a discourse oriented towards the popular masses rather than the educated elite. These four works broaden contemporary discourse in American history by providing historians with the knowledge of, and access to, this vast wealth of untapped resource material.
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Shen, Xu Hui Simon. "Nationalism and the changing politics of diverse publics : the interpretations of Chinese public reaction to Sino-American relations, 1999-2003." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432176.
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Moore, Shawanda S. "African American Males' Perceptions of the Police." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6249.
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African American males are more likely than any of race of males to report unreasonable and unnecessary negative experiences with law enforcement officers. They may describe these experiences as unjustified due to the level of force used. In some cases, excessive force used by police has resulted in the death of African American males. Due to unresolved issues between African American males and police officers dating back to the slavery era, there is a deep historical division between these groups. Among African American males, the percentage of individuals who express distrust toward police officers tends to be higher than in any other group. The purpose of this research study was to explore African American males' perceptions of police officers in order to understand this distrust. This study involved 16 males residing in a large southern city who were selected to share their experiences with and perceptions of police officers. Social relationship theory as defined by Weber was used as the theoretical framework for this study. Participants were selected via snowball sampling to answer questions during semistructured interviews. The data were analyzed and coded using modified van Kaam analysis. The findings were that African American males distrust the police due to their personal experiences during police encounters and police officers' biases toward them. The findings of this study may help leaders, policymakers, administrative assistants, and law enforcement agencies within the study city understand how to implement positive social change that could assist law enforcements officers and African American males with developing a positive relationship.
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Ward, Julie. "Language, Literacy, and Conscientização in American Public Schools." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5423.
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Language, Literacy, and Conscientização in American Public Schools synthesizes poststructural language theory to critique literacy teaching and assessment norms in American public schools in order to theorize a pedagogy of racial and economic justice that embraces globalization and immigration. Chapter I creates a theoretical framework for language that rests firmly on both Lev Vygotsky’s and Jacques Lacan’s sociohistorical approach to language acquisition and language use. Mikhail Bakhtin’s work demonstrates the heteroglossic nature of discourse, while Antonio Gramsci politicizes this framework through an understanding of hegemony. Chapter II sketches ethnographic research on teaching practices of various American communities, focusing on ideology perpetuating through discourse. A cultural critique of public school economics and epistemologies determines that shortfalls in public education derive from discourse practices among economically and racially stratified lines, as well as the capitalistic intrigue for reform movements like charter schools. Chapter III turns to Paulo Freire, and his praxis of critical awareness through literacy, or, more simply: conscientização.
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Baker, Joseph O., David Canarte, and Edward Day. "Race, Xenophobia, and Punitiveness Among the American Public." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5384.
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We outline four connections between xenophobia and punitiveness toward criminals in a national sample of Americans. First, among self-identified whites xenophobia is more predictive of punitiveness than specific forms of racial animus. Second, xenophobia and punitiveness are strongly connected among whites, but are only moderately and weakly related among black and Hispanic Americans, respectively. Third, among whites substantial proportions of the variance between sociodemographic, political, and religious predictors of punitiveness are mediated by levels of xenophobia. Finally, xenophobia is the strongest overall predictor of punitiveness among whites. Overall, xenophobia is an essential aspect of understanding public punitiveness, particularly among whites.
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Baker, Joseph O., David Cañarte, and L. Edward Day. "Race, Xenophobia, and Punitiveness Among the American Public." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5574.
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We outline four connections between xenophobia and punitiveness toward criminals in a national sample of Americans. First, among self-identified whites xenophobia is more predictive of punitiveness than specific forms of racial animus. Second, xenophobia and punitiveness are strongly connected among whites, but are only moderately and weakly related among black and Hispanic Americans, respectively. Third, among whites substantial proportions of the variance between sociodemographic, political, and religious predictors of punitiveness are mediated by levels of xenophobia. Finally, xenophobia is the strongest overall predictor of punitiveness among whites. Overall, xenophobia is an essential aspect of understanding public punitiveness, particularly among whites.
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Lee, Stephanie Jing. "Actualizing the Democratic Promise of American Public Education." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1210279461.
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Mears, Zachary M. "Presidents, the Public, and American Foreign Policy Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243568575.
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McMaster, Ann Michelle M. "The Butler Institute of American Art: Pro Bono Publico." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437661274.
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Estiri, Ehsan. "Talking Back to America: Discursive Processes in Iranian Angelino Public Events." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594661538365895.
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Bergquist, Parrish(Sarah Parrish). "Environmental politics in a polarized America : public mood and policy consequences." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121755.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Political Science and Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2019<br>"Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Department of Political Scinece in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and Urban and Regional Planning." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages A-57 to A-82).<br>As the American political parties have polarized and nationalized, what are the implications for environmental policy? This question is particularly important at the state and local levels, where many environmental policy decisions are made and implemented, but about which scholars have drawn mixed conclusions. This dissertation enters the debate to expand understanding of the parties' role in state-level regulatory enforcement; describe and assess changing public attitudes about environmental protection; and deeply explore local perceptions of an important type of environmental disruption: energy infrastructure. I begin by exploring the public basis for environmental protection. In paper one, I estimate state-level public opinion about environmental protection from the late 1970s through 2016. I show that regional differences in public views about environmental protection have declined, whereas state publics have sorted more cleanly into partisan camps in every state.<br>I also find that economic tradeoffs have increased in their importance for shaping Americans' environmental views. These data provide a crucial foundation for assessing the evolution of the state and national parties' positions about environmental protection, and exploring the elite rhetoric that may explain the shifting drivers of public environmental preferences. In the second paper, I ask how party control of state government institutions influences regulatory enforcement in the U.S. Despite growing evidence for the parties' influence across the slate of policy issues, scholars have drawn divergent conclusions regarding the parties' impact on state environmental policy. I apply a regression discontinuity design to assess whether party control of state houses and governors' mansions causes a meaningful change in Clean Air Act enforcement between 2000 and 2017.<br>The findings suggest that narrowly elected Republican governors and legislative majorities reduce enforcement effort, and that the two branches' influence differs according to their distinct mechanisms of political control over the bureaucracy. Paper three moves beyond public attitudes about environmental topics in the abstract to assess local views of one particularly salient environmental topic: energy. Public views of energy technologies are critical to the United States' energy future, but party and ideology do not contribute much explanatory power in explaining Americans' views of the energy system. I apply a framework rooted in social psychology to explain how sense of place shapes residents' interpretations and evaluations of large-scale energy transmission infrastructure as a threat or an opportunity.<br>by Parrish Bergquist.<br>Ph. D. in Political Science and Urban and Regional Planning<br>Ph.D.inPoliticalScienceandUrbanandRegionalPlanning Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Kaminski, Amy Paige. "Sharing the Shuttle with America: NASA and Public Engagement after Apollo." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79365.
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Historical accounts depict NASA's interactions with American citizens beyond government agencies and aerospace firms since the 1950s and 1960s as efforts to 'sell' its human space flight initiatives and to position external publics as would-be observers, consumers, and supporters of such activities. Characterizing citizens solely as celebrants of NASA's successes, however, masks the myriad publics, engagement modes, and influences that comprised NASA's efforts to forge connections between human space flight and citizens after Apollo 11 culminated. While corroborating the premise that NASA constantly seeks public and political approval for its costly human space programs, I argue that maintaining legitimacy in light of shifting social attitudes, political priorities, and divided interest in space flight required NASA to reconsider how to serve and engage external publics vis-à-vis its next major human space program, the Space Shuttle. Adopting a sociotechnical imaginary featuring the Shuttle as a versatile technology that promised something for everyone, NASA sought to engage citizens with the Shuttle in ways appealing to their varied, expressed interests and became dependent on some publics' direct involvement to render the vehicle viable economically, socially, and politically. NASA's ability and willingness to democratize the Shuttle proved difficult to sustain, however, as concerns evolved following the Challenger accident among NASA personnel, political officials, and external publics about the Shuttle's purpose, value, safety, and propriety.
Mapping the publics and engagement modes NASA regarded as crucial to the Shuttle's legitimacy, this case study exposes the visions of public accountability and other influences -- including changing perceptions of a technology -- that can govern how technoscientific institutions perceive and engage various external publics. Doing so illuminates the prospects and challenges associated with democratizing decisions and uses for space and, perhaps, other technologies managed by U.S. government agencies while suggesting a new pathway for scholarly inquiry regarding interactions between technoscientific institutions and external publics. Expanding NASA's historical narrative, this study demonstrates that entities not typically recognized as space program contributors played significant roles in shaping the Shuttle program, substantively and culturally. Conceptualizing and valuing external publics in these ways may prove key for NASA to sustain human space flight going forward.<br>Ph. D.
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Kohn, Edward P. (Edward Parliament) 1968. "This kindred people : Canadian-American relations and North American Anglo-Saxonism during the Anglo-American rapprochement, 1895-1903." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36625.
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At the end of the nineteenth century, English-Canadians and Americans faced each other across the border with old animosities. Many Canadians adhered to familiar ideas of Loyalism, imperialism and anti-Americanism to differentiate the Dominion from the republic. In the United States, on the other hand, lingering notions of anglophobia and "Manifest Destiny" caused Americans to look upon the British colony to the north as a dangerous and unnatural entity. America's rise to world power status and the Anglo-American rapprochement, however, forced Americans and Canadians to adapt to the new international reality. Emphasizing their shared language, civilization, and forms of government, many English-speaking North Americans drew upon Anglo-Saxonism to find common ground. Indeed, Americans and Canadians often referred to each other as members of the same "family" sharing the same "blood," thus differentiating themselves from other races. As many of the events of the rapprochement had a North American context, Americans and English-Canadians often drew upon the common lexicon of Anglo-Saxon rhetoric to undermine the old rivalries and underscore their shared interests. Though the predominance of Anglo-Saxonism at the turn of the century proved short-lived, it left a legacy of Canadian-American goodwill, as both nations accepted their shared destiny on the continent and Canada as a key link in the North Atlantic Triangle.
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Hirshberg, Matthew S. "Cold war cognition and culture in America /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10745.
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Batyra, Ewa. "Fertility and contraceptive use in Latin America." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3842/.
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The rapid fertility declines and increases in contraceptive prevalence rates in the last decades in Latin America occurred concurrently with increases in teenage and unintended childbearing. The factors behind, as well as possible future demographic consequences of this unique pattern of fertility change are still poorly understood. This thesis advances knowledge of three aspects of reproductive behaviour in Latin America: dynamics of contraceptive use in relation to an unintended birth experience, educational disparities in motherhood-timing and possible future of cohort fertility. I explore an untapped potential of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Population Censuses for Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil, and employ demographic and statistical modelling techniques that have not been previously fully exploited in the Latin American context. First, I show how the longitudinal DHS reproductive "calendars" can be analysed using event-history models to advance the understanding of contraceptive choices of women who experience unintended pregnancies in Colombia and Peru. The study uncovers the importance of considering patterns of both pre- and after-birth contraceptive behaviour to inform the organization of postpartum family planning programmes in both countries. Second, using census data, I provide the first estimates of cohort first-birth age-specific schedules disaggregated by education level for Ecuador, Colombia and Peru. I document vastly increasing educational disparities in motherhood-timing during the fertility transition and discuss the potential factors behind this process. The analyses uncover a drastic increase in teenage fertility among women who drop-out of secondary school, indicating a need for an intervention. Lastly, using indirectly reconstructed fertility rates from censuses, cohort fertility is forecasted for total population and by education in Brazil. The study shows how a Bayesian model for fertility forecasting can be applied in the Latin American context where the childbearing pattern has been distinct from other world regions and where there is a scarcity of time-series of fertility rates. The study reveals the evolution of educational differences in completed fertility and shows that emerging low period fertility levels in Brazil might not necessarily correspond to women's equally low lifetime fertility in the future. Overall, the substantive findings improve the understanding of the reproductive behaviour disparities in Latin America and serve as inputs for the design of policies to alleviate them. The novel use of data and application of methods are important for the development of future research agendas on fertility change and for the collection of fertility data in the region.
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Gonzalez, Manuel. "The Question of Homeland Security in Rural America." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2261.
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Following the issuance of the National Preparedness Guidelines in 2009 by the Department of Homeland Security, it remains unknown whether homeland security programs have been consistently implemented in the nation's rural areas. Research findings have been inconsistent and inconclusive on the degree of implementation. Two problems may result from inadequate implementation of these programs: weakened national security from the failure to protect critical infrastructure in remote areas and a threat to public safety in rural towns. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore and describe the reasons for possible noncompliance through purposeful interviews with 10 law enforcement officials and emergency managers in selected Midwestern rural towns. The study's theoretical foundation was based on Putnam's theory of social capital, which holds that community cohesion develops in direct relation to the adaptation of social networks that promote mutual cooperation during times of need. The research centered on the question of how rural emergency managers and law enforcement officials justified noncompliance with the National Preparedness Guidelines of 2009. The interviews and materials were transcribed and analyzed with qualitative analytic software using open, axial, and selective coding to identify themes and patterns. The study's key findings disconfirmed conclusions reported in previous studies and confirmed compliance with the Guidelines in the studied rural towns. Implications for positive social change include informing policymakers, emergency managers, law enforcement officials, and researchers. Application of social capital principles in all the nation's remote areas may enhance national security and improve rural public safety.
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Randolph, Michelle. "African-American Women and Welfare: A Qualitative Study of African-American Women Receiving Public Assistance." TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/631.
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Using information obtained from interviews of a sample of fifteen African-American women from two counties in a border state, the overall perceptions of women receiving public assistance and the labels and stigmas (i.e., welfare checks, food stamps, and medical cards) associated with receiving public assistance were examined. Research findings indicate that there is stress associated with receiving public assistance, and the stigmas associated with public assistance influence people in the public domain to brand recipients socially. The findings from the interviews produced results indicating that the perceived differences and mistreatment felt by welfare recipients were, in part, the result of welfare stigma symbols (i.e., welfare check, food stamps, and medical card). The respondents felt that race exacerbated labeling and stigmatization.
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Howard, Eric D. "African American Parents’ Perceptions of Public School: African American Parents’ Involvement in Their Childrens’ Educations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2575.
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The goals for public schools are to educate all students so that they may attend colleges and/or develop relevant job and citizenship skills. African American students enrolled in American public schools struggle to keep up academically, revealing a so called “achievement gap.” Consequently, many African American children are unable to realize their potential and participate as successful contributing citizens. This study examined how African American parents might engage in their children’s schooling and how schools might support this participation to better meet the needs of these students.
The segregation and racism historically practiced in public schools has led to negative perceptions between educators and African American families and communities. The gap in traditional measures of academic achievement between Black and White children has been debated and analyzed by scholars, legislators, and practitioners for decades. School based issues associated with this trend are lower teacher expectations for students of color, lack of curriculum rigor, effective teacher development and training, inadequate resources, tracking of African American students into less demanding programs, a lack of appreciation for Black cultures and inappropriate/misguided school administration.
This study examines African American parents’ perceptions of public education and how it impacts Black student success and offers a synopsis of significant events that may have shaped some of these perceptions. Findings include evidence that African American parents perceive that schools do not reach out to them to foster a partnership or encourage participation, but most often engage them when behavior or academic issues arise with their children.
Additional areas for investigation surface by the findings include evidence that the disconnect perhaps does not come from a lack of engagement, but from a lack of active participation and partnership. Parents are left feeling as if they have no influence on school culture. Recommendations for improving school and family interactions that may improve African American student outcomes include teacher led parent-school partnerships, communication outside the classroom and school setting, and consideration for cultural differences.
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Aguiar, Maricruz. "Real estate law the American dream transfigured into the American mortgage crisis." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/655.
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Real Estate law is the body of rules and regulations with legal codes that concern ownership, development and transactions. Real Estate has grown to be one of the main contributors to the nation's financial system. For decades, the housing market has been such an integral part of the economy. Unfortunately, in the beginning of the twenty-first century lax regulatory oversight led the nation to an economic collapse. Indeed, federal, state and local governments have become heavily involved in solving the downward spiral in the economy. This research focuses on the mortgage crisis in order to show how Real Estate law can in fact, restore the economy when the government has a balance between regulations and market discipline. The intent of this thesis was to study the occurrence of the mortgage crisis, the regulatory authorities and the legal effects of the housing market. Through the analysis of case law and statutes, data, previous recessions, and economic indicators, this thesis examines the key factors in our legal system that should drive reform in our economy. Results suggested that greater efforts to a regulatory structure generate a secure financial system. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is not only to solve our current mortgage crisis but also to mitigate or prevent future crises.<br>B.A. and B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Legal Studies
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Lanier-Jones, Cassandra K. "Evaluation of the low-income housing crisis in America 1978-1988." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1990. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1990.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2948. Abstract precedes thesis as [1] preliminary leaf. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-109).
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Wei, Rongrong. "Local Fiscal Sustainability within American Federalism." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90780.
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Unfunded public pension and Other Post Employment Benefits (OPEB) liabilities impose major threats to local fiscal sustainability, which increases governments' default risk and crowds out funding for essential local services. To close the funding gaps, localities may apply a wide range of fiscal instruments, including increasing taxes, fees, and user charges, issuing debt and bonds, obtaining grants and/or decreasing expenditures. This research compares the US local fiscal choice behavior in the context of the fiscal federalism framework. The goal is to identify the ideal mix of constitutional fiscal rules to preserve local fiscal sustainability. Not only should the rules aim to minimize local adverse fiscal behavior pre-crisis, which may include excessive spending, large accumulations of unfunded liabilities, and over-reliance on external grants, but also allow strong local fiscal adaptive capacity post-crisis. The findings help localities identify any effective and prudent fiscal options available to close their pension funding gaps and contribute to the overall sub-national fiscal institutional reforms.
Theoretically, this research introduces a novel analytical framework pertaining to local fiscal sustainability by separating pre-crisis and post-crisis institutional analysis and by consolidating two historically viewed as two competing paradigms, public choice and public finance. I argue that the two approaches are complementary rather than contradictory since public choice theory sets up an institutional prerequisite for normative outcomes to be realized and prevents the occurrence of extreme circumstances. The ideal mix of formal fiscal rules, thus, should induce the balanced budget rule that applies to all budget items, stringent spending and debt limits, and institutionalized local tax authority and stable tax structure, but not tax limits. Tax limits are less effective in constraining government than spending and debt limits due to fiscal gimmicks. Moreover, stringent tax limits could significantly limit local governments' ability to bounce back on their own.
This research also found that cities do apply different fiscal strategies to reduce exogenous shocks, given their unique fiscal institutions in place. Furthermore, cities with fewer institutional constraints exhibit a faster speed of adjustment. However, certain institutional variables, such as public union size and tax authority, might not have the same fiscal implications as predicted by the theory. Cities often manage to cut their short-term spending regardless of the size of their public unions. A broad range of tax authority does not imply greater local revenue-generating capacity. Own source revenue autonomy might be a better indicator of local fiscal adaptive capacity.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>Unfunded public pension and Other Post Employment Benefits (OPEB) liabilities impose major threats to local fiscal sustainability, which increases governments’ default risk and crowds out funding for essential local services. To close the funding gaps, localities may apply a wide range of fiscal instruments, including increasing taxes, fees, and user charges, issuing debt and bonds, obtaining grants and/or decreasing expenditures. This research compares the US local fiscal choice behavior in the context of the fiscal federalism framework. The goal is to identify the ideal mix of constitutional fiscal rules to preserve local fiscal sustainability. Not only should the rules aim to minimize local adverse fiscal behavior pre-crisis, which may include excessive spending, large accumulations of unfunded liabilities, and over-reliance on external grants, but also allow strong local fiscal adaptive capacity post-crisis. The findings help localities identify any effective and prudent fiscal options available to close their pension funding gaps and contribute to the overall sub-national fiscal institutional reforms. Theoretically, this research introduces a novel analytical framework pertaining to local fiscal sustainability by separating pre-crisis and post-crisis institutional analysis and by consolidating two historically viewed as two competing paradigms, public choice and public finance. I argue that the two approaches are complementary rather than contradictory since public choice theory sets up an institutional prerequisite for normative outcomes to be realized and prevents the occurrence of extreme circumstances. The ideal mix of formal fiscal rules, thus, should induce the balanced budget rule that applies to all budget items, stringent spending and debt limits, and institutionalized local tax authority and stable tax structure, but not tax limits. Tax limits are less effective in constraining government than spending and debt limits due to fiscal gimmicks. Moreover, stringent tax limits could significantly limit local governments’ ability to bounce back on their own. This research also found that cities do apply different fiscal strategies to reduce exogenous shocks, given their unique fiscal institutions in place. Furthermore, cities with fewer institutional constraints exhibit a faster speed of adjustment. However, certain institutional variables, such as public union size and tax authority, might not have the same fiscal implications as predicted by the theory. Cities often manage to cut their short-term spending regardless of the size of their public unions. A broad range of tax authority does not imply greater local revenue-generating capacity. Own source revenue autonomy might be a better indicator of local fiscal adaptive capacity.
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McDaniel, Ronald. "Metropolitan Young Adult American Muslims Perceptions of Discrimination Post American Patriot Act." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6617.
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Several researchers have identified discrimination and profiling as examples of oppression and threats to the democratic process. Scholarly literature provides little evidence on the experiences, beliefs, and attitudes of young adult Arab American Muslims post-9/11. This study addressed the attitudes and lived experiences of young adult Arab American Muslims between the ages of 18 and 25 regarding discrimination and profiling experienced in the District of Columbia Metropolitan area since the passage of the American Patriot Act. A phenomenological research study was conducted using Benet's polarities of democracy as the theoretical framework with a focus on diversity and equality. Data were collected from young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 living in a large east coast metropolitan area using participant interview and then coded to identify themes. Participants mainly agreed on noticeable differences in their treatment related to diversity and equality on campus, in the workplace, and in social public settings. Often, participants agreed that they have been targeted through additional measures such as political and media rhetoric which also negatively impacts their seeking of diversity and equality. Overall, the results of this study not only highlight the challenges this group faces but also indicates that the polarity pair of diversity and equality has not been leveraged well, thereby creating a mental concentration camp for participants. Lastly, this study may provide positive social change by allowing US Congress to better understand the negative consequences of the US Patriot Act.
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Terrio, Kyle Walter. "The American medieval: memory and place of public exchange." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/terrio/TerrioK0511.pdf.
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Our memory of place is a reaction to the relationships we share throughout our cultural existence. Memory and place are influenced by familiar modes of sensory exchange between man and his/hers surrounding within the perceived and unperceived world. These exchanges design the episode of our circumstance as humans and provide a guideline for our quest to identify with each other. The history and memory of a place provides evidence for the individual and community by recording functions of exchange through the shaping of our environment. All people share modes of exchange which transcend the cultural boundaries of being, but these modes can be buried by temporary patterns of social and economic habits. We must retrace the moments found within the memory and history of places for public exchange by revealing the basic elements of humanity. These elements pertain to Martin Heidegger's 'fourfold' and the four principle architectural spaces found in the clearing, path, dwelling, and burial. Revealing transparencies within the network of memories simplifies the method of extracting the importance of exchange for a specific place. The place becomes a design proposal supported by the functions of the past while engaging the present and future modes of exchange. The North American Medieval design proposal uses functions of the clearing as design guidelines for a future of public exchange within the urban core. Trenton, NJ is an example of the rise and fall most North American cities experience when industry and technology shift and the foundation of exchange are forgotten. Trenton, NJ is one of many cities with the opportunity to absorb the suburban populous as our nation shifts towards densification and urbanity. By tracing the memory and function of the clearing through European and American culture we find a clear social, economic, and physical circumstance for growth of the public market place. Mapping out layers of urban development using the four basic architectural elements will expose the locations for exchange within the urban core. The marketplace fosters a sense of 'gathering' and supports livable relationships connected by the phenomenology of human exchange.