Journal articles on the topic 'Publishers Weekly'

The article focuses on the presentation of the beginning, editor-in-chiefs, publishers, publishingformulas and graphic layout and typographic layout of “Gazeta Nidzicka” in 1990−2001, ie during theperiod of the publication of the magazine. The main source material on which the article was basedwere the subsequent issues of the bi-weekly “Gazeta Nidzicka”. The article was based on a master’sthesis of Karolina Turowska, written at the Institute of Journalism and Social Communication underthe direction of Fr. prof. dr hab. Wojciech Guzewicz and is its further development and complement.

To address the complexities researchers face during publication, and the potential community-wide benefits of wider adoption of clear data policies, the publisher Springer Nature has developed a standardised, common framework for the research data policies of all its journals. An expert working group was convened to audit and identify common features of research data policies of the journals published by Springer Nature, where policies were present. The group then consulted with approximately 30 editors, covering all research disciplines within the organisation. The group also consulted with academic editors, librarians and funders, which informed development of the framework and the creation of supporting resources. Four types of data policy were defined in recognition that some journals and research communities are more ready than others to adopt strong data policies. As of January 2017 more than 700 journals have adopted a standard policy and this number is growing weekly. To potentially enable standardisation and harmonisation of data policy across funders, institutions, repositories, societies and other publishers, the policy framework was made available under a Creative Commons license. However, the framework requires wider debate with these stakeholders and an Interest Group within the Research Data Alliance (RDA) has been formed to initiate this process.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look into the topic of IP category extensions in an entertainment setting. The main goal of the study is to explore the reciprocal spillover effect of customer experience (CX) ratings with an intellectual property (IP) in one medium (i.e. film) on the sales of the same IP in other media (i.e. comic books). Design/methodology/approach The study is based on 21-years of monthly top 300 comic book direct market sales data linked to the release schedule and domestic box office gross figures for films featuring Marvel and DC comic book IP appearing in the weekly top 50 films over the same time period. The analysis is based on a hierarchical linear (i.e. mixed) model to account for the nested structure of the data. Findings The analysis reveals that CX ratings of weekly top 50 films featuring comic book IP have a quadratic relationship with comic book sales by the two major publishers. Films receiving very good but not excellent ratings are associated with the highest levels of incremental comic book sales. Research limitations/implications The model is based on sales of periodical comic books in the direct market only (i.e. specialty shops) and does not account for sales of digital comics or collected editions through other channels. The analysis is also limited to IP for the two major publishers (Marvel and DC comics). Originality/value This study expands current knowledge on CX spillover effects between different media, contributing to entertainment and CX-literature alike.

Wychodząc z założenia, że powstanie i wydawanie prasy branżowej (fachowej), kierowanej do danej grupy odbiorców uprawiających tę samą profesję, jest przejawem osiągnięcia przez tę grupę świadomości swej roli społecznej, Autor przedstawia w Artykule kilka wybranych tygodników zajmujących się problematyką wydawniczo-księgarską, rzadziej bibliotekarską, ukazujących się w XIX-XXI w. Są to: niemiecki „Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel” ukazujący się od 1834 r.; brytyjski „The Bookseller” (od 1858 r.); amerykański „The Publishers Weekly” (1872 r.); rosyjskie „Knižnoe Obozrenie” („Книжное Oбозрение”, 1966 r.); francuski „Livres Hebdo” (1979 r.). Według Autora omawiane czasopisma wyróżniają się bogatą historią, a współcześnie są najczęściej cytowane, mają znaczenie międzynarodowe i oczywiście bardzo dobrze służą codzienną pomocą ludziom książki.

After founding a weekly newspaper in 1915, Roscoe Dunjee spent the next four decades taking leading stands on civil rights issues. He spoke out editorially, and he also took personal risks to test discriminatory laws. He supported others who fought to integrate public transportation and schools. An activist, he sought to use peaceful methods to encourage change. In World War II he pointed out the incongruity of condemning Nazism for its treatment of Jews when blacks suffered continuing discrimination. Such protest earned the attention of the FBI's J. Edgar Hoover, who was not able to get Dunjee prosecuted during the war. Dunjee is one of twelve black leaders, including W.E.B. Du Bois and Frederick Douglass, recognized as “giants in American journalism” by the National Newspaper Publishers Association.

The absence of quantitative data on published researches in political science preconditioned writing this work. The objective of the research was to study publications in political sciences using bibliometric analysis. Articles in political science published within the period of time from 1970 to 2018 have been separated from the database of the Web of Science (as of March 15, 2018). The acquired records have been analyzed according to the citation characteristics, with publications divisioned depending on the language, country, journal and author. There have been found over 222,5 thousand articles in total, which have been published in various peer-viewed journals. From 2007 to 2017 there was observed a significant increase in the number of articles published on this topic. Most articles are written in English (87.7%), with the United States of America being the leading country in terms of the total number of articles published (over 80 thousand, 35.3%). There is no obvious leader among journals with regard to the number of publications, but four publishers (ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY; NEW REPUBLIC; NEW SOCIETY and NATION) publish the majority of articles on this topic (over 15%) in aggregate. The analysis of the most cited publications allows dividing topics for research into three clusters: election as a part of the political process; transformation of political regimes; global influences and interactions. This research provides a systematic review of efficiency and ostensiveness of research work in the field of political sciences. Conclusions can be used for organizing and determining priorities of future research in political science.

Vasily Vasilyevich Bessel (1843—1907) entered the history of Russian and world music culture as one of the largest music publishers. His company was occupying one of the leading positions in terms of production volume in the Russian music printing market in the late 19th — early 20th century. It was the company that first published many of works by Russian classical composers — A.G. Rubinstein, A.P. Borodin, P.I. Tchaikovsky, M.P. Mussorgsky, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, and A.K. Lyadov. V.V. Bessel’s music publishing activities were connected with his works on the history of music printing in Russia and copyright. He left an extensive legacy in the form of numerous handwritten materials, now dispersed in various archives (mainly in Moscow and Saint Petersburg). The Russian National Museum of Music, Collection 42, holds one of the largest archives associated with V.V. Bessel. Major part of it makes up a separate collection called “V.V. Bessel”, which includes unofficial documents, responding mail, as well as literary manuscripts and photographic materials. Due to lack of comprehensive research of that documentary collection, this article provides a brief overview of its content, and the history of formation of V.V. Bessel’s collection. The main purpose of the research is to characterize both published and unknown sources. The article meets the relevant task of modern musicology: disclosure of Moscow and St. Petersburg archival collections. Many of the documents reviewed by the author are an important addition to the only monograph on V.V. Bessel, which belongs to the pen of N.F. Findzein. The article discusses, in more detail, the documents related to the literary weekly “Muzykal’nyi Listok [Musical Sheet]” (1872—1877), the first periodical published by “V. Bessel and Co.”, as well as the correspondence of December 1886 between V.V. Bessel and P.I. Tchaikovsky, which, at the latter’s initiative, ended all the composer’s personal and business contacts with his Petersburg publisher. This study expands the researchers’ understanding of the body of documents stored in the collection under consideration, the problems associated with them, and their prospects.

Although Counterpoise claims that it reviews books that are reviewed by other publications either infrequently or not at all, almost three-quarters of the books (74.7%) reviewed by Counterpoise are reviewed by a wide variety of other publications, including popular magazines and newspapers. Four core library review tools (Booklist, Choice, Library Journal, and Publishers Weekly) review 48.2 percent of all book titles reviewed by Counterpoise, and their reviews are favorable 74.4 percent of the time. Of the books not reviewed anywhere else except Counterpoise, more than half fall into six Library of Congress classification categories, including E (History: America), HQ (The family. Marriage. Women), HV (Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology), and HD (Industries. Land use. Labor). In addition, there is a subset of titles that are frequently and positively reviewed by popular and academic publications, but not by reviewing journals commonly used by librarians.

This paper explores the use of Creoles in Caribbean English Literature and how it tends to be translated into Spanish by analyzing the Spanish translations of two novels written by Caribbean author, Oonya Kempadoo. Kempadoo is a relatively new and unknown author. She was born in England to Guyanese parents and grew up in the Caribbean. She lived in several of the islands, including St. Lucia and Trinidad and at present resides in Grenada. Apart from being a novelist, she is a freelance researcher and consultant in the arts, and works with youth and international organizations, where she focuses on social development. Her first novel, Buxton Spice, was published in 1998. Described as a semi-autobiography by Publisher’s Weekly, it has also been praised for being original and universal in the portrayal of its themes. It is the story of a young girl growing up in Guyana during the Burnham regime. It is written as a series of vignettes, which contributes to the seemingly quick development of Lula from childhood to adolescence, as she learns to explore her sexuality. This novel has been published in the United Kingdom and the United States, and has been translated into Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese and Hebrew. The version used for this investigation was translated by Victor Pozanco and commissioned by Tusquets Publishers. Kempadoo’s second novel, Tide Running, also forms part of this investigation. As the 2002 winner of the Casa de las Américas Literary prize for Caribbean English and Creole, this novel was translated into Spanish by a Cuban translator as a part of the award. It is the story of an unambitious Tobagonian youth who becomes entangled in a bizarre relationship with an interracial couple. The story highlights several issues, such as poverty, race and social class differences, sex and right and wrong. As a researcher, I felt that it would be enlightening to see how a Caribbean translator, from a country (Cuba) with limited access to mass cultural currents commonplace elsewhere, handles this piece of prose which is so heavily steeped in Trinbagonian culture.

Anxiety is a human condition which prevails common in many people. Anxieties can be differentiated into ‘ Primal anxiety’, ‘ Ontological anxiety’, ‘ Reality anxiety’, Psychological anxiety’, ‘Social anxiety’, and so on. The real fact is all these anxieties are in some way existential.Paul Tillich, a Christian existentialist says that according to him anxiety can be of three forms: Anxiety of Death, Anxiety of meaninglessness and Anxiety of Condemnation. Paul Tillich declares, “The Anxiety of death is the permanent horizon within which the anxiety of fate is at work”. In the modern world anything that follows negativity triggers intense anxiety. A strong sense of psychological isolation also leads to anxiety. Incidents of guilt, fear, absurdity, alienation also lead to anxiety of death. Don DeLillo himself in an interview to William Goldstein in Publishers Weekly (August 19, 1988) explained anxiety as being “about danger, modern danger”. The main characters in Don DeLillo novels face some of the causes for anxieties such as the necessity of choice, terrorism, technological and scientific advancement, lack of freedom, fear of death, dissatisfaction in life, boredom and loneliness. This paper examines Don DeLillo’s White Noise based on the concept Anxiety of Death.

Introduction: The first step in the process of acquisition of impact factor for a scientific journal is to get registered at Thomson Reuters Web of Science database. Aim: The aim of this article is to evaluate the content and structure of Orvosi Hetilap with regards to selection criteria of Thomson Reuters, in particular to objectives of citation analysis. Methods: Authors evaluated issues of Orvosi Hetilap published in 2011 and calculated the unofficial impact factor of the journal based on systematic search in various citation index databases. Number of citations, quality of citing journals and scientific output of the editorial board members were evaluated. Adherence to guidelines of international publishers was assessed, as well. Results: Unofficial impact factor of Orvosi Hetilap has been continuously rising every year in the past decade (except for 2004 and 2010). The articles of Orvosi Hetilap are widely cited by international authors and high impact factor journals, too. Further, more than half the articles cited are open access. The most frequently cited categories are original and review articles as well as clinical studies. Orvosi Hetilap is a weekly published journal, which is covered by many international databases such as PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and BIOSIS Previews. As regards to the scientific output of the editorial board members, the truncated mean of the number of their publications was 497, citations 2446, independent citations 2014 and h-index 21. Conclusions: While Orvosi Hetilap fulfils many criteria for getting covered by Thomson Reuters, it is worthwhile to implement a method of online citation system in order to increase the number of citations. In addition, scientific publications of all editorial board members should be made easily accessible. Finally, publications of comparative studies by multiple authors are encouraged as well as papers containing epidemiological data analyses. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1905–1917.

In April 1986 British Africanists met to discuss the crisis facing African Studies in their country. The crisis was easily denned as one of lack of resources in universities where current cutbacks have particularly affected area studies; of the limited funds available to libraries specialising in African Studies; and of the severe reduction in the number of publishers willing to take on monographs relating to Africa, with the result that many scholars are ‘giving up all hope of being published'.1 Furthermore, lack of travel funds has meant that many Africanists teaching in Britain have not been to the continent of their study in seven years. So few new appointments have recently been made in the field of African Studies in British universities that, unless something drastic is done to reverse the trend, in fifteen years’ time there will be a sharp decline in the numbers actually engaged in African Studies as generations grow old and are not replaced.2 Students can see no future in pursuing African Studies at the postgraduate level and their teachers are in no position to advise even their most brilliant students that doctoral research will lead to an academic appointment. These developments have taken place in a context where those who run the government have lost or are losing interest in Africa, a continent which is seen increasingly as one of unending problems which they just wish would go away. Indeed, the whole crisis in African Studies, as described by some of the leading British Africanists that April, invited headlines in the respected weekly magazine West Africa: ‘African Studies in peril. Is the study of Africa in British universities dying?

The National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA) enlists a total of 157 members - publications directed to the African-American community in the United States. There is currently no research on how these publications have adopted technology through time, or if the adoption of new media contributes to their growth and survival in the publishing industry. In Florida, The Weekly Challenger, Daytona Times and Florida Courier, three of 13 historical newspapers, are connected in history and structure and show different types of survival methods. How have these publications adopted technology through time? What types of trends are reflected in these newspapers? What challenges are faced by the Black community weeklies? To answer these questions, the authors conducted case studies employing participant observation, lengthy interviews, historical research and qualitative questionnaires. A significant finding of this research demonstrates the difficulty to get responses due to suspicion and intimidation from the targeted audience. These newspapers struggle with a diminished workforce who lack professional and technical training and must perform multiple roles. Findings also show that 14 of the newspapers listed as current NNPA members are not currently in circulation and that the publications’ pattern of adoption is not planned, but a consequence of availability and chance.

In this research, three edible mushroom species including Pleurotus (P.) ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and Lentinus (L.) edodes were processed for hot water, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts. These extracts were administered to commercial broiler birds. Production performance was determined as weight gains and feed conversion ratios (FCR) in healthy birds on weekly basis. Further, groups were subjected to oral Eimeria infection and weight gains were monitored from days 4 to 12 post inoculation. Study revealed significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gains in experimental groups given different mushroom extracts during 4th, 5th and 6th weeks of experiment in comparison to control. Feed conversion ratios observed in the control groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to experimental groups especially methanolic extracts of all three mushroom species during 5th and 6th weeks of the experiment. After Eimeria inoculation, weight gains of the experimental groups given different mushroom extracts were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on 10th, 11th and 12th day. Results concluded that aqueous, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts of P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and L. edodes had potential to improve the production in healthy birds and may also enhance the weights in commercial broiler birds suffering from Eimeria infection. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

At the end of November 1910 a new musical weekly «Music» was founded, the editor-publisher of which was V.V. Derzhanovsky. He allotted a significant place on the pages of the publication to the creativity of Russian Symbolists: there were published announcements and reviews of the Symbolists published in the publishing houses «Scorpio», “Musaget”, “Grif”, their poetic texts. Of particular interest to the publisher of “Music” was the literary work of V.Ya. Bryusov, as well as the activities of his closest circle, in particular, the poet’s sister, N. Ya. Bryusova.

No one studying the impact of Evangelicalism’s most successful cultural products could doubt their mass-market appeal both within and beyond the ‘conservative revolution’ of contemporary America. With concerns to fashion the spirituality of their readers, the Left Behind novels (1995–2007) represent the ‘first outlines of a fully commercialised, fully mediatised Christian blockbuster culture’. The series dramatizes the end-time expectations of a popular evangelical system of eschatological thinking, known as dispensational pre-millennialism. This system maintains that Christ could return imminently to ‘rapture’ true believers to heaven; that this rapture will be followed by a catastrophic seven-year period known as the ‘Great Tribulation’, in which the Antichrist will rise to power to persecute those who, despite being ‘left behind’, have converted to evangelical faith; and that the tribulation will end with the ‘glorious appearing’ of Christ, the last judgement and the inauguration of a thousand-year reign of peace known as the millennium. Despite the complexity of its theology, the series has sold over sixty-five million copies since the publication of their eponymous debut novel in 1995, and has been identified as the best-selling fiction series in American literary history. After 1998, successive instalments in the series topped the New York Times best-seller lists. The seventh novel in the series, The Indwelling (2000), topped the best-seller lists of the New York Times, Publishers Weekly, Wall Street Journal and USA Today.

Summary Japanese publications on translation are markedly more numerous than Western publications. They are aimed at the general public rather than at professionals or academics, and few are truly scientific or academic. They deal with the Japanese context, with hardly any reference to foreign publications, authors, ideas or translation activities. They are also short-lived and disappear from bookstores and publishers' stocks within a few years. Theoretical translation texts are "philosophical" rather than scientific. Didactic texts are often aimed at language learners rather than at would-be translators. Linguistic translation texts are more interesting for the insight they give into the Japanese language and its use than for their contribution to translation theory. Texts that criticize published translations are numerous and very popular, something which is rather unique in the world. Many translation books are highly personal and contain numerous anecdotes from their authors' lives. Interpretation books are interesting, as they are more pragmatic than Western texts on the same subject, and address questions that Western publications seldom or never refer to. Machine translation articles are becoming increasingly popular. They tend to be confined to superficial explanations of the operation of systems and to descriptions of commercial products. Truly scientific papers on MT also exist, but their circulation is limited to academic and technical circles. There are a few periodicals dealing with translation. Most of the articles they carry are written by the same authors and have the same characteristics as the texts described above. On the whole, they are more interesting than translation books, as they are shorter and therefore denser. Articles on translation can also be found in countless books and periodicals on the Japanese language, on linguistics, sociology, public speaking, etc., as well as in weekly and monthly magazines and in other publications. This paper is followed by a list of Japanese texts on translation and by a list of Western language texts on translation of Japanese or on subjects relevant to the understanding of Japanese translation problems.

A partir da leitura do romance francês A elegância do ouriço, de Muriel Barbery, e da compreensão de literatura como fonte histórica, esse artigo objetivou refletir sobre as manifestações dos esportes, presentes na obra. A análise da literatura foi realizada utilizando-se os preceitos de Antonio Candido que considera tanto o texto quanto o contexto como elementos que compõem a criação literária. Portanto, ele sugere a necessidade em observar as questões linguísticas e socioculturais do romancista a fim de desenvolver uma análise completa. Os jornais online LeFigaro, LeMonde, Publishers Weekly e Independent foram utilizados como fontes complementares que possibilitaram melhor compreensão do contexto em que a obra foi escrita. Após a análise, verificou-se que a obra tratou de dois esportes – rúgbi e saltos ornamentais – em dois capítulos distintos do romance. E como a escritora possui formação em filosofia, sua abordagem esteve vinculada a considerações filosóficas acerca do corpo, da beleza, da graça, da perfeição, da sincronia e das emoções, em ambas as modalidades, a partir do olhar do espectador. O uso da obra literária proporcionou uma reflexão acerca das temáticas a partir de um ator social distanciado do campo esportivo, inserido no meio artístico. Portanto, uma percepção alternativa sobre a prática esportiva e sobre o que seu espectador vivencia tornou-se possível e relevante para pensar algumas questões que permeiam os esportes na atualidade. Na obra houve um reforço da influência estética que as práticas esportivas exercem sobre os espectadores, que apreciam a beleza do corpo e dos movimentos dos atletas, bem como as emoções que são propiciadas em decorrência da admiração dessas práticas.

Dyeing &amp; Weaving Weekly (1935-1941) is a scientific and technological periodical which has been published for a long time and has never been interrupted in the field of textile in modern China. The journal publishes a large number of the latest achievements in textile science and technology, and is an important historical material and typical case for the study of modern science and technology dissemination. Rich in content, Dyeing &amp; Weaving Weekly focuses on solving practical problems in the textile industry and guiding the direction of scientific research, which not only promotes the dissemination of textile science and technology but also contributes to the development of the textile industry. Therefore, from the perspective of science and technology communication and the history of newspapers and periodicals, this paper examines the practice and communication strategies of Dyeing &amp; Textile Weekly, in order to prove that Dyeing &amp; Textile Weekly has a positive impact on science and technology communication in modern China, and also provides experience reference for the development of contemporary science and technology periodicals in China, which has certain reference significance.

e16087 Background: Standard treatment for metastatic CRPC is docetaxel 75 mg/m2q3weeks. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients treated with q 1, 2, or 3 weeks docetaxel regimens at 30, 60 and 75 mg/m2, respectively. The choice of regimen and duration of treatment was decided by their oncologist. Patients who had been in a clinical trial previously, or treated with any other chemotherapy before docetaxel were excluded. On this basis 41 patients were studied. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was used as the primary method to assess response and progression. Response was a decline of >/=50% from baseline value with no clinical or radiographic evidence of disease progression. For patients whose PSA did not decrease, progression was a >/= 25% increase from baseline. If the PSA decreased without reaching response criteria, progression was a >/= 25% increase from nadir. In those who responded, progression was a >/= 50% increase from nadir. The increase had to be at least 5ng/ml. Toxicity was graded on the basis of CTCAE version 4.0. Response rate and toxicity in the 3 arms was compared using a two by two square t-test. Results: There were 12, 14 and 15 patients in the q1w, q2w and q3w arms, respectively. Response rates, mean progression free survival (PFS), median PFS, mean overall survival (OS), median OS, mean cumulative dose (MCD) and toxicity are shown in table 1. Toxicity was similar in the q1w, q2w and q3w arms, except grade 1/2 neuropathy was higher in the q2w arm vs. the q1w arm (p=0.005). Conclusions: The MCD, response rates, PFS and OS in the q1w and q3w arms were similar to previously published reports. Patients in the q2w arm received a statistically significant higher MCD. Our data suggest a better outcome in the q2w arm as compared to the q1w and q3w arms. However, given the small number of patients studied, the results are not statistically significant. Toxicity was similar save for grade1/2 neuropathy. [Table: see text]

206 Background: Standard treatment for metastatic CRPC is docetaxel 75 mg/m2q3weeks. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients treated with q 1, 2, or 3 weeks docetaxel regimens at 30, 60 and 75 mg/m2, respectively. The choice of regimen and duration of treatment was decided by their oncologist. Patients who had been in a clinical trial previously, or treated with any other chemotherapy before docetaxel were excluded. On this basis 41 patients were studied. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was used as the primary method to assess response and progression. Response was a decline of >/=50% from baseline value with no clinical or radiographic evidence of disease progression. For patients whose PSA did not decrease, progression was a >/= 25% increase from baseline. If the PSA decreased without reaching response criteria, progression was a >/= 25% increase from nadir. In those who responded, progression was a >/= 50% increase from nadir. The increase had to be at least 5ng/ml. Toxicity was graded on the basis of CTCAE version 4.0. Response rate and toxicity in the 3 arms was compared using a two by two square t-test. Results: There were 12, 14, and 15 patients in the q1w, q2w and q3w arms, respectively. Response rates, mean progression free survival (PFS), median PFS, mean overall survival (OS), median OS, mean cumulative dose (MCD) and toxicity are shown in the Table. Three-year OS was 0%, 20%, and 0% in the q1w, q2w, and q3w arms, respectively. Toxicity was similar in the q1w, q2w, and q3w arms, except grade 1/2 neuropathy was higher in the q2w arm vs. the q1w arm (p=0.005). Conclusions: The MCD, response rates, PFS and OS in the q1w and q3w arms were similar to previously published reports. Patients in the q2w arm received a statistically significant higher MCD. Our data suggest a better outcome in the q2w arm as compared to the q1w and q3w arms. However, given the small number of patients studied, the results are not statistically significant. Toxicity was similar save for grade 1/2 neuropathy. [Table: see text]

In the 1930s, Latvia was one of the main target countries for economic emigration from Poland. Emigration to Latvia was seasonal. Between 1936 and 1939, each year about 40,000 Polish agricultural workers were employed in Latvian agriculture. Polish seasonal migration was the object of attention of the contemporary press, both Polish and foreign. A very valuable source of knowledge about Polish seasonal migration is the newspaper Nasze Życie (Our Life). This applies especially to various aspects of Polish migrants’ everyday life. It was the only Polish newspaper in Latvia (it was published in Riga). From 1936, the newspaper had a special section devoted to seasonal workers. It contained information and messages addressed to the migrants. The editorial team’s task was to provide the workers with comprehensive and reliable help. In this regard, advice and guidance was given on the organisation of workers’ lives and work. These advices were difficult to overestimate. The newspaper also covered religious and moral topics. At the same time, the newspaper was the main link between the workers and the Polish consular service. It published messages of the Polish Consulate in Riga. Unfortunately, the weekly reached few seasonal migrants. Most workers did not read or subscribe to the newspaper for various reasons. The article analyses the content of the newspaper Nasze Życie. The author confronted the content of the newspaper with other available sources regarding the issues of Polish seasonal migration in Latvia.

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label Drug Facts, a quarterly publication available from Wolters Kluwer Health. Off-Label Drug Facts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific drug uses that are unapproved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This new guide to the literature enables the health care professional or clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. A summary of the most relevant data is provided, including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information before patient care decisions are made. Direct questions or comments regarding Off-Label Drug Uses to hospital pharmacy@drugfacts.com .

Two editors, namely editor-owner V. P. Meshchersky and editor-publisher F. M. Dostoevsky, wrote the editorials in the weekly "Grazhdanin" in 1873‒1874. The article is devoted to the attribution of the editorial article “Zhelanie” (“Desire”), published in the first issue of the weekly "Grazhdanin" in 1873. Researchers B. V. Tomashevsky, V. V. Vinogradov, V. A. Viktorovich attributed this article to F. M. Dostoevsky. The editorial board of the academic “Complete works in thirty volumes” argued that the note was penned by V. P. Meshchersky. I. Zohrab believes that “Desire” was written by V. P. Meshchersky and edited by F. M. Dostoevsky. The article conducts an examination based on stylistic and mathematical statistics methods. As a result of the comprehensive analysis of the text, both at the ideological (content) and linguistic level, the version of F. M. Dostoevsky’s authorship was rejected. A comparative analysis of “Desire” with the texts of Dostoevsky and Meshchersky and the conclusions made using statistical attribution methods allow us to recognize V. P. Meshchersky as the author.

Very little has been published on the subject of solitary laughter. Yet it appears quite possible that it is experienced by a large majority of people. A pilot study I have recently undertaken involving participants of numerous nationalities, as well as searches through literature and across the Internet, suggest that solitary laughter, while not as common as social instances of laughing, is a widespread human behaviour. It is even accorded special value by some. Seeking to encourage further research into the subject, this article discusses research and examines the forces that have militated against a more thorough research engagement with solitary laughter. It argues that a primary factor may be a pervasive assumption among influential scholars that laughter is an essentially social phenomenon and that laughing in solitude may be explained away as “vicarious” or “pseudo” socialising. Doubt is cast here upon that assumption. It is argued that while the reductionism at work in the extremely broad application of a social hypothesis may be theoretically attractive, it belies the diverse, evolving operations of both laughter and humour; this may be unnecessarily, if unwittingly, restricting the field of enquiry. Solitary laughter is a significant, complex behaviour and worthy of attention in its own right.

Abstract: Ignác Semmelweis did not publish his discovery in Vienna – i.e., that the puerperal fever may be prevented by careful washing of the hand in chlorine solution (asepsis) – for ten years. The Medical Weekly started its publications edited by Lajos Markusovszky in Pest in 1857. Semmelweis as a professor of theoretical and practical obstetrics at the University of Pest published a study about puerperal fever in the first volume, and Hungarian physicians became familiar with Semmelweis’ opinion from this medical journal. Semmelweis was not only an author of the Medical Weekly, but he also edited a supplement of the Medical Weekly entitled Gynaecology and Paediatry. The Medical Weekly published regular accounts of the work of the clinic written by lecturers of Semmelweis and articles describing the most interesting cases of the clinic. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(26): 1065–1070.

22 Background: Cetuximab (CET) 250 mg/m2 weekly (q1w) after an initial dose of 400 mg/m2 added to chemotherapy (CT) is licensed for treatment of (K)RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In practice, administration of CET 500 mg/m2 plus CT every 2 weeks (q2w) is common. We compared healthcare costs between q2w and q1w regimens in a US claims database study. Methods: A cohort of 2,943 mCRC patients CET-treated between 2010 and 2016, identified in IBM MarketScan, was analyzed for costs associated with CET+CT q2w vs q1w. All-category costs (ACC), stratified by overall outpatient (OO), inpatient (OI), and pharmacy (OP) claimed costs during the exposure period, were compared between groups. Additionally, subcategories of CRC- and skin toxicity (ST)–related claims were explored, and imputation of capitated claim costs was performed. Patients were weighted by the stabilized inverse probability of treatment (IPTW) based on a high-dimensional propensity score to control for confounding. Generalized linear models (GLMs) with gamma distributions were used to compare regimens. Inflation-adjusted costs (2016 US dollars) are presented per patient per month ($PPPM) with 95% CIs. Results: 1,779 and 951 patients were classified as q1w and q2w, respectively. Median ACC were 14,089 (q2w) vs 14,034 (q1w) $PPPM. Mean ACC and OO, OI, and OP costs are summarized in the table. CIs overlapped in each category, with GLMs showing no statistically significant differences. This finding was similar for CRC and ST subcategories. Conclusions: No cost differences were found between q2w and q1w regimens. In line with published noninferiority of overall survival with the q2w regimen, it represents an effective, cost-neutral option for treating mCRC patients. [Table: see text]

“HOW ENORMOUS IS SEMITIC POWER”: POETRY IN JAN JELEŃSKI’S ROLA Rola was the first antisemitic weekly in Poland published in Warsaw between 1883 and 1912. According to the nineteenth-century custom, not only journalism, but also novels published in weekly installments, as well as poems were included in the magazine. In poetry, lofty or religious topics were raised at the time of Christmas or Easter, or virulent antisemitic satire was published on various occasions. The antisemitic satire corresponded to the themes taken up in prose and journalism. The themes were dominated by the myth of Judeopolonia, issues of assimilation and social advancement of Jews, attacks on mixed marriages and mockery of Zionism, or the colonies established by Baron Hirsch in Argentina. It can be said that both prose and poetry were servile to journalism and strengthened the antisemitic content dominant in the weekly.

Dispatch, a new weekly record of the U.S. Department of State, compiles major foreign policy speeches and congressional testimony by senior U.S. officials, as well as treaty actions and ambassadorial appointments.Every week, Dispatch publishes the most current information on U.S. foreign policy. In addition to speeches and congressional testimony, Dispatch carries policy summaries, fact sheets and feature articles, plus updates on events in the Middle East and on public and private sector assistance to Eastern and Central Europe.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, progressive metabolic disorder that is associated with long-term microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease) complications. Both the prevalence of T2DM and the cost of its long-term complications have driven the focus and emphasis on treatments aimed at reducing hyperglycemia and controlling hypertension and dyslipidemia while minimizing hypoglycemia and weight gain. Exenatide twice daily, the first GLP-1R agonist approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA), has been shown to reduce hemoglobin A1C, lower fasting and postprandial plasma blood glucose concentrations as well as reduce body weight without causing significant hypoglycemia. However, its current formulation requires twice daily subcutaneous injections and does not provide continuous GLP-1R activation. Therefore, a long-acting release form of exenatide has been developed for use as a once-weekly injection, providing for convenient administration and continuous GLP-1R activation. This review covers the currently published data on this new formulation including mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and comparison trials to other commonly used anti-diabetic agents.

Editor's Note: This essay paper of Professor Kornai with an unusually provoking title consists of two parts. Part I is the slightly edited, non-abridged version of his writing published as an oped in The Financial Times (FT) on 11 July 2019, the world's leading global business publication (Kornai 2019a). Subsequently, the full text of this paper was published in the Hungarian weekly magazine Élet és Irodalom (Life and Literature; Kornai 2019b), which in turn generated a number of commenting articles published in the same weekly. Still in the month of July, the original essay was translated into Chinese by a Hong Kong newspaper and into Vietnamese. An influential multilingual Chinese newspaper gave an extensive summary of the FT essay (Street 2019). The latter one, according to our best knowledge, was disseminated only on the internet. Part II is the translated and slightly edited version of Kornai's second article, published in September this year on the same topic (Kornai 2019c). In this second essay he responded to his critiques both in Hungary and world-wide. This piece was published in its original form in Hungarian by the previous mentioned Hungarian weekly.1 We, the Editors of Acta Oeconomica, are proud to publish the complete English translation of this second essay first time. We thank for the opportunity given to us by Professor Kornai to publish the Frankenstein-papers in an integrated form, together with all the necessary bibliographic references.

Abstract. Several studies have claimed to have found significant weekly cycles of meteorological variables appearing over large domains, which can hardly be related to urban effects exclusively. Nevertheless, there is still an ongoing scientific debate whether these large-scale weekly cycles exist or not, and some other studies fail to reproduce them with statistical significance. In addition to the lack of the positive proof for the existence of these cycles, their possible physical explanations have been controversially discussed during the last years. In this work we review the main results about this topic published during the recent two decades, including a summary of the existence or non-existence of significant weekly weather cycles across different regions of the world, mainly over the US, Europe and Asia. In addition, some shortcomings of common statistical methods for analyzing weekly cycles are listed. Finally, a brief summary of supposed causes of the weekly cycles, focusing on the aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions and their impact on meteorological variables as a result of the weekly cycles of anthropogenic activities, and possible directions for future research, is presented.

Abstract. Several studies have claimed to have found significant weekly cycles of meteorological variables appearing over large domains, which can hardly be related to urban effects exclusively. Nevertheless, there is still an ongoing scientific debate whether these large-scale weekly cycles exist or not, and some other studies fail to reproduce them with statistical significance. In addition to the lack of the positive proof for the existence of these cycles, their possible physical explanations have been controversially discussed during the last years. In this work we review the main results about this topic published during the recent two decades, including a summary of the existence or non-existence of significant weekly weather cycles across different regions of the world, mainly over the US, Europe and Asia. In addition, some shortcomings of common statistical methods for analyzing weekly cycles are listed. Finally, a brief summary of supposed causes of the weekly cycles, focusing on the aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions and their impact on meteorological variables as a result of the weekly cycles of anthropogenic activities, and possible directions for future research, is presented.

Published in 1903 and 1904 the Weekly Critical Review was a typical ‘little magazine’: it was produced on a shoestring with a small readership, with big editorial ambition. Its uniqueness lay in its claim to be a literary tribute to the entente cordiale (and it enjoyed the imprimatur of King Edward VII), but more importantly, it was a bilingual journal, which was rare at the time even for a little magazine. The Weekly Critical Review aimed to produce high-quality criticism and employed at least a dozen high-profile English and French writers and literary critics including Rémy de Gourmont (1858–1915), Arthur Symons (1865–1945) and H.G. Wells (1866–1946). It also published articles and musical news by four leading music critics: English critics Alfred Kalisch (1863–1933), Ernest Newman (1868–1959) and John F. Runciman (1866–1916) and the American James Huneker (1857–1921).Why did these critics write for the Weekly Critical Review? What did the articles in the WCR reveal about Anglo-French relations, about the aspirations of the English and French music critics who wrote for it, and about the scholarly style of journalism it published – a style that was also characteristic of many other little magazines? And in what ways were those who wrote for it connected? As a case study, I examine the ways in which Ernest Newman’s literary and musical networks brought him into contact with the journal and examine the style of criticism he sought to promote.

The article aims to reconstruct the ways in which “Illustrated Weekly” informs the public about the events of the February Revolution in Russia. Additionally the article interprets public opinion held by Polish readers about the events in question. The analysis is based on the issues of the weekly published between the outbreak of the February Revolution and the Bolshevik revolutionin October 1917. The analysis includes both verbal and iconographic representation. Research has shown that the editorial board of “Illustrated Weekly” consistently avoided commenting on the reports from Russia, at the same time they replaced the current news with texts about events of 1905-1907. Their strategy of substitution and analogy indicates that the weekly and its readers could not handle the interpretation of the current political situation in Russia.

The research investigates a publishing history of the Britansky Souyznik (British Ally) weekly (further - British Weekly) in Russian language, which was published in the Soviet Union by the UK Ministry of Information in the Second World War years and to 1950. This newspaper published reports from fronts where British troops fought against Nazi Germany and its allies, articles on British-Soviet military cooperation, materials about British science, industry, agriculture, and transport, reports on people’s life in the UK, historical background of British Commonwealth countries, cultural and literature reviews. British Weekly circulation in the USSR was 50,000 copies. The main method used for the research was the study of the newspaper’s materials, as well as the propaganda concepts of its editorial board and their influence on the audience. The researched materials are from archives of the Soviet Foreign Ministry as well as of the UK Ministry of Information and Political Warfare Executive (1940-1945), declassified by the British Government only in 2002, on the basis of which an independent analysis is conducted. The British Weekly played a bright role in the formation of techniques and methods of British foreign policy propaganda to Soviet public opinion in 1942-1945. Results of the research indicates that the British government launched foreign policy propaganda to the USSR immediately after breaking-out of World War II and used the experience of the British Weekly for psychological warfare in the Cold War years.

To investigate the effect of dialysis prescription on patient outcome for peritoneal dialysis patients, the relationship between total solute clearance and the relative risk of death has been investigated. Preliminary studies have suggested that more clearance is better and that patient outcome is predicted by total solute clearance. The recently published Canada-U.S.A. (CANUSA) multicenter study, evaluating adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in peritoneal dialysis patients, has further defined this relationship. Although these publications allow us to establish guidelines for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis patients, they also define the limitations of our knowledge and raise new questions. In this article we review our current knowledge regarding the predicted value of total solute clearance with patient outcome and nutritional status. Furthermore, we attempt to outline a practical approach for optimizing total solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients. Based on a review of the published literature and clinical recommendations, we feel that the minimal target total solute clearance for continuous forms of peritoneal dialysis is a weekly total KTN > 2.0 and/or a weekly total creatinine clearance >60 L/week/1.73 m2. For intermittent therapies, a weekly total KTN > 2.2 and/or a weekly total creatinine clearance >70 L/week/1.73 m2 is recommended.

19625 Background: A strong tendency exists nowadays in clinical practice to move from thrice weekly (TIW) to weekly (QW) and even every 3 weeks (Q3W) administration of erythropoetic therapy for chemotherapy induced anemia. Although head to head comparison of QW Darbepoetin with TIW Epoetin showed similar effectiveness between the two, such a study for Q3W Darbepoetin has not been published so far. Methods: We randomly compared Q3W Darbepoetin (500mcg, Group B) with TIW Epoetin, 10.000 U (20.000 U in nonresponders after 6 weeks, Group A) in 100 patients with chemotherapy induced anemia (Hb = 11gr). Evaluation was performed on week 6 and 12 including QOL assessment using FACT-An scale Results: At present, all patients have completed first evaluation and 94 second evaluation. All will have completed second evaluation by the end of January 2007. In group A, Hb increased from 10.31±0.81 at baseline to 11.5±1.8 at 6 weeks (p=.000) and to 12±2.27 at 12 weeks (p=0.000). No significant (p=.13) increase was observed between week 6 and 12. In group B, a non significant (p=.068) increase of Hb was observed from baseline (10.27±.78) to week 6 (10.68±.24) but Hb increased significantly (p=.005) to 11.12±1.7 at 12 weeks. It also increased between week 6 and 12 (p=.009). In all 100 patients, Hb increased from 10.30±.79 at baseline to 11.09±1.74 at 6 weeks (p= .000) and to 11.58±2.05 at 12 weeks (p=.000). It also increased between week 6 and 12 (p=.005). Seven of 31 (22%) responders in group A had to double Epoetin dose. Eight patients in group A required transfusions compared with 7 in group B (p=NS). On an intent to treat analysis, RR at 6 weeks was 52% for Epoetin versus 30% for Darbepoetin (p=.078) and 62% versus 46%, respectively at 12 weeks. QOL analysis will be presented. Conclusions: Q3W Darbepoetin is a very convenient scheme with comparable effectiveness with TIW Epoetin. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Jacob L. (“Jake”) Chernofsky recently retired from his position of editor and publisher of AB Bookman’s Weekly magazine, which he joined in 1973. AB, which was originally titled Antiquarian Bookman, was founded on January 3, 1948 by Sol. Malkin, and the magazine’s name was changed to AB Bookman’s Weekly in 1967, “in recognition of a readership comprising mostly specialist dealers.” AB, which had been widely read for several decades by people involved in the world of antiquarian books, suspended publication in December 1999. How did you get involved in antiquarian books and AB? I got involved in antiquarian books through . . .

In the years between the two World Wars, Italian publishing houses Rizzoli, Mondadori, and Vitagliano worked on the model of a specific ‘popular’ weekly. They built up a combination of periodicals constituting a complete and integrated offer, experimenting marketing strategies — such as frequency, distribution, price, and advertising message — and editorial formulae capable of attracting a large readership. This article analyzes these strategies and formulae in weeklies, so-called rotocalchi, such as Il Secolo Illustrato, Novella, Lei (by Rizzoli), Le Grandi Firme, Grazia (by Mondadori) and Excelsior (by Vitagliano). As the analysis shows, their publishers and editors focused on a product based on both a precise interpretation of the concept of ‘popularity’ and an interpretation of the expression ‘popular culture’ that was different from that of the past, when ‘popular’ cultural products were such because they were destined for the uneducated and less well to-do classes. Rizzoli, Mondadori, and Vitagliano abandoned this static view and the hierarchy of cultural systems and adopted a different, more modern, more flexible, and more dynamic approach. In their case, rather than being associated with a distinct sector of the audience, the popular cultural product looked towards an undifferentiated group of readers: it was ‘for everyone’. In this meaning, ‘popular’ no longer had a qualitative significance — ‘for the people’ — but a quantitative one: ‘as widespread as possible’. By the same token, they did not limit themselves to pleasing an audience that already existed, but tended to ‘build’ their own, winning over those who were not yet part of it.

Introduction: Our current obsession with the lives of others “Biography—that is to say, our creative and non-fictional output devoted to recording and interpreting real lives—has enjoyed an extraordinary renaissance in recent years,” writes Nigel Hamilton in Biography: A Brief History (1). Ian Donaldson agrees that biography is back in fashion: “Once neglected within the academy and relegated to the dustier recesses of public bookstores, biography has made a notable return over recent years, emerging, somewhat surprisingly, as a new cultural phenomenon, and a new academic adventure” (23). For over a decade now, commentators having been making similar observations about our obsession with the intimacies of individual people’s lives. In a lecture in 1994, Justin Kaplan asserted the West was “a culture of biography” (qtd. in Salwak 1) and more recent research findings by John Feather and Hazel Woodbridge affirm that “the undiminished human curiosity about other peoples lives is clearly reflected in the popularity of autobiographies and biographies” (218). At least in relation to television, this assertion seems valid. In Australia, as in the USA and the UK, reality and other biographically based television shows have taken over from drama in both the numbers of shows produced and the viewers these shows attract, and these forms are also popular in Canada (see, for instance, Morreale on The Osbournes). In 2007, the program Biography celebrated its twentieth anniversary season to become one of the longest running documentary series on American television; so successful that in 1999 it was spun off into its own eponymous channel (Rak; Dempsey). Premiered in May 1996, Australian Story—which aims to utilise a “personal approach” to biographical storytelling—has won a significant viewership, critical acclaim and professional recognition (ABC). It can also be posited that the real home movies viewers submit to such programs as Australia’s Favourite Home Videos, and “chat” or “confessional” television are further reflections of a general mania for biographical detail (see Douglas), no matter how fragmented, sensationalized, or even inane and cruel. A recent example of the latter, the USA-produced The Moment of Truth, has contestants answering personal questions under polygraph examination and then again in front of an audience including close relatives and friends—the more “truthful” their answers (and often, the more humiliated and/or distressed contestants are willing to be), the more money they can win. Away from television, but offering further evidence of this interest are the growing readerships for personally oriented weblogs and networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook (Grossman), individual profiles and interviews in periodical publications, and the recently widely revived newspaper obituary column (Starck). Adult and community education organisations run short courses on researching and writing auto/biographical forms and, across Western countries, the family history/genealogy sections of many local, state, and national libraries have been upgraded to meet the increasing demand for these services. Academically, journals and e-mail discussion lists have been established on the topics of biography and autobiography, and North American, British, and Australian universities offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in life writing. The commonly aired wisdom is that published life writing in its many text-based forms (biography, autobiography, memoir, diaries, and collections of personal letters) is enjoying unprecedented popularity. It is our purpose to examine this proposition. Methodological problems There are a number of problems involved in investigating genre popularity, growth, and decline in publishing. Firstly, it is not easy to gain access to detailed statistics, which are usually only available within the industry. Secondly, it is difficult to ascertain how publishing statistics are gathered and what they report (Eliot). There is the question of whether bestselling booklists reflect actual book sales or are manipulated marketing tools (Miller), although the move from surveys of booksellers to electronic reporting at point of sale in new publishing lists such as BookScan will hopefully obviate this problem. Thirdly, some publishing lists categorise by subject and form, some by subject only, and some do not categorise at all. This means that in any analysis of these statistics, a decision has to be made whether to use the publishing list’s system or impose a different mode. If the publishing list is taken at face value, the question arises of whether to use categorisation by form or by subject. Fourthly, there is the bedeviling issue of terminology. Traditionally, there reigned a simple dualism in the terminology applied to forms of telling the true story of an actual life: biography and autobiography. Publishing lists that categorise their books, such as BookScan, have retained it. But with postmodern recognition of the presence of the biographer in a biography and of the presence of other subjects in an autobiography, the dichotomy proves false. There is the further problem of how to categorise memoirs, diaries, and letters. In the academic arena, the term “life writing” has emerged to describe the field as a whole. Within the genre of life writing, there are, however, still recognised sub-genres. Academic definitions vary, but generally a biography is understood to be a scholarly study of a subject who is not the writer; an autobiography is the story of a entire life written by its subject; while a memoir is a segment or particular focus of that life told, again, by its own subject. These terms are, however, often used interchangeably even by significant institutions such the USA Library of Congress, which utilises the term “biography” for all. Different commentators also use differing definitions. Hamilton uses the term “biography” to include all forms of life writing. Donaldson discusses how the term has been co-opted to include biographies of place such as Peter Ackroyd’s London: The Biography (2000) and of things such as Lizzie Collingham’s Curry: A Biography (2005). This reflects, of course, a writing/publishing world in which non-fiction stories of places, creatures, and even foodstuffs are called biographies, presumably in the belief that this will make them more saleable. The situation is further complicated by the emergence of hybrid publishing forms such as, for instance, the “memoir-with-recipes” or “food memoir” (Brien, Rutherford and Williamson). Are such books to be classified as autobiography or put in the “cookery/food & drink” category? We mention in passing the further confusion caused by novels with a subtitle of The Biography such as Virginia Woolf’s Orlando. The fifth methodological problem that needs to be mentioned is the increasing globalisation of the publishing industry, which raises questions about the validity of the majority of studies available (including those cited herein) which are nationally based. Whether book sales reflect what is actually read (and by whom), raises of course another set of questions altogether. Methodology In our exploration, we were fundamentally concerned with two questions. Is life writing as popular as claimed? And, if it is, is this a new phenomenon? To answer these questions, we examined a range of available sources. We began with the non-fiction bestseller lists in Publishers Weekly (a respected American trade magazine aimed at publishers, librarians, booksellers, and literary agents that claims to be international in scope) from their inception in 1912 to the present time. We hoped that this data could provide a longitudinal perspective. The term bestseller was coined by Publishers Weekly when it began publishing its lists in 1912; although the first list of popular American books actually appeared in The Bookman (New York) in 1895, based itself on lists appearing in London’s The Bookman since 1891 (Bassett and Walter 206). The Publishers Weekly lists are the best source of longitudinal information as the currently widely cited New York Times listings did not appear till 1942, with the Wall Street Journal a late entry into the field in 1994. We then examined a number of sources of more recent statistics. We looked at the bestseller lists from the USA-based Amazon.com online bookseller; recent research on bestsellers in Britain; and lists from Nielsen BookScan Australia, which claims to tally some 85% or more of books sold in Australia, wherever they are published. In addition to the reservations expressed above, caveats must be aired in relation to these sources. While Publishers Weekly claims to be an international publication, it largely reflects the North American publishing scene and especially that of the USA. Although available internationally, Amazon.com also has its own national sites—such as Amazon.co.uk—not considered here. It also caters to a “specific computer-literate, credit-able clientele” (Gutjahr: 219) and has an unashamedly commercial focus, within which all the information generated must be considered. In our analysis of the material studied, we will use “life writing” as a genre term. When it comes to analysis of the lists, we have broken down the genre of life writing into biography and autobiography, incorporating memoir, letters, and diaries under autobiography. This is consistent with the use of the terminology in BookScan. Although we have broken down the genre in this way, it is the overall picture with regard to life writing that is our concern. It is beyond the scope of this paper to offer a detailed analysis of whether, within life writing, further distinctions should be drawn. Publishers Weekly: 1912 to 2006 1912 saw the first list of the 10 bestselling non-fiction titles in Publishers Weekly. It featured two life writing texts, being headed by an autobiography, The Promised Land by Russian Jewish immigrant Mary Antin, and concluding with Albert Bigelow Paine’s six-volume biography, Mark Twain. The Publishers Weekly lists do not categorise non-fiction titles by either form or subject, so the classifications below are our own with memoir classified as autobiography. In a decade-by-decade tally of these listings, there were 3 biographies and 20 autobiographies in the lists between 1912 and 1919; 24 biographies and 21 autobiographies in the 1920s; 13 biographies and 40 autobiographies in the 1930s; 8 biographies and 46 biographies in the 1940s; 4 biographies and 14 autobiographies in the 1950s; 11 biographies and 13 autobiographies in the 1960s; 6 biographies and 11 autobiographies in the 1970s; 3 biographies and 19 autobiographies in the 1980s; 5 biographies and 17 autobiographies in the 1990s; and 2 biographies and 7 autobiographies from 2000 up until the end of 2006. See Appendix 1 for the relevant titles and authors. Breaking down the most recent figures for 1990–2006, we find a not radically different range of figures and trends across years in the contemporary environment. The validity of looking only at the top ten books sold in any year is, of course, questionable, as are all the issues regarding sources discussed above. But one thing is certain in terms of our inquiry. There is no upwards curve obvious here. If anything, the decade break-down suggests that sales are trending downwards. This is in keeping with the findings of Michael Korda, in his history of twentieth-century bestsellers. He suggests a consistent longitudinal picture across all genres: In every decade, from 1900 to the end of the twentieth century, people have been reliably attracted to the same kind of books […] Certain kinds of popular fiction always do well, as do diet books […] self-help books, celebrity memoirs, sensationalist scientific or religious speculation, stories about pets, medical advice (particularly on the subjects of sex, longevity, and child rearing), folksy wisdom and/or humour, and the American Civil War (xvii). Amazon.com since 2000 The USA-based Amazon.com online bookselling site provides listings of its own top 50 bestsellers since 2000, although only the top 14 bestsellers are recorded for 2001. As fiction and non-fiction are not separated out on these lists and no genre categories are specified, we have again made our own decisions about what books fall into the category of life writing. Generally, we erred on the side of inclusion. (See Appendix 2.) However, when it came to books dealing with political events, we excluded books dealing with specific aspects of political practice/policy. This meant excluding books on, for instance, George Bush’s so-called ‘war on terror,’ of which there were a number of bestsellers listed. In summary, these listings reveal that of the top 364 books sold by Amazon from 2000 to 2007, 46 (or some 12.6%) were, according to our judgment, either biographical or autobiographical texts. This is not far from the 10% of the 1912 Publishers Weekly listing, although, as above, the proportion of bestsellers that can be classified as life writing varied dramatically from year to year, with no discernible pattern of peaks and troughs. This proportion tallied to 4% auto/biographies in 2000, 14% in 2001, 10% in 2002, 18% in 2003 and 2004, 4% in 2005, 14% in 2006 and 20% in 2007. This could suggest a rising trend, although it does not offer any consistent trend data to suggest sales figures may either continue to grow, or fall again, in 2008 or afterwards. Looking at the particular texts in these lists (see Appendix 2) also suggests that there is no general trend in the popularity of life writing in relation to other genres. For instance, in these listings in Amazon.com, life writing texts only rarely figure in the top 10 books sold in any year. So rarely indeed, that from 2001 there were only five in this category. In 2001, John Adams by David McCullough was the best selling book of the year; in 2003, Hillary Clinton’s autobiographical Living History was 7th; in 2004, My Life by Bill Clinton reached number 1; in 2006, Nora Ephron’s I Feel Bad About My Neck: and Other Thoughts on Being a Woman was 9th; and in 2007, Ishmael Beah’s discredited A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier came in at 8th. Apart from McCulloch’s biography of Adams, all the above are autobiographical texts, while the focus on leading political figures is notable. Britain: Feather and Woodbridge With regard to the British situation, we did not have actual lists and relied on recent analysis. John Feather and Hazel Woodbridge find considerably higher levels for life writing in Britain than above with, from 1998 to 2005, 28% of British published non-fiction comprising autobiography, while 8% of hardback and 5% of paperback non-fiction was biography (2007). Furthermore, although Feather and Woodbridge agree with commentators that life writing is currently popular, they do not agree that this is a growth state, finding the popularity of life writing “essentially unchanged” since their previous study, which covered 1979 to the early 1990s (Feather and Reid). Australia: Nielsen BookScan 2006 and 2007 In the Australian publishing industry, where producing books remains an ‘expensive, risky endeavour which is increasingly market driven’ (Galligan 36) and ‘an inherently complex activity’ (Carter and Galligan 4), the most recent Australian Bureau of Statistics figures reveal that the total numbers of books sold in Australia has remained relatively static over the past decade (130.6 million in the financial year 1995–96 and 128.8 million in 2003–04) (ABS). During this time, however, sales volumes of non-fiction publications have grown markedly, with a trend towards “non-fiction, mass market and predictable” books (Corporall 41) resulting in general non-fiction sales in 2003–2004 outselling general fiction by factors as high as ten depending on the format—hard- or paperback, and trade or mass market paperback (ABS 2005). However, while non-fiction has increased in popularity in Australia, the same does not seem to hold true for life writing. Here, in utilising data for the top 5,000 selling non-fiction books in both 2006 and 2007, we are relying on Nielsen BookScan’s categorisation of texts as either biography or autobiography. In 2006, no works of life writing made the top 10 books sold in Australia. In looking at the top 100 books sold for 2006, in some cases the subjects of these works vary markedly from those extracted from the Amazon.com listings. In Australia in 2006, life writing makes its first appearance at number 14 with convicted drug smuggler Schapelle Corby’s My Story. This is followed by another My Story at 25, this time by retired Australian army chief, Peter Cosgrove. Jonestown: The Power and Myth of Alan Jones comes in at 34 for the Australian broadcaster’s biographer Chris Masters; the biography, The Innocent Man by John Grisham at 38 and Li Cunxin’s autobiographical Mao’s Last Dancer at 45. Australian Susan Duncan’s memoir of coping with personal loss, Salvation Creek: An Unexpected Life makes 50; bestselling USA travel writer Bill Bryson’s autobiographical memoir of his childhood The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid 69; Mandela: The Authorised Portrait by Rosalind Coward, 79; and Joanne Lees’s memoir of dealing with her kidnapping, the murder of her partner and the justice system in Australia’s Northern Territory, No Turning Back, 89. These books reveal a market preference for autobiographical writing, and an almost even split between Australian and overseas subjects in 2006. 2007 similarly saw no life writing in the top 10. The books in the top 100 sales reveal a downward trend, with fewer titles making this band overall. In 2007, Terri Irwin’s memoir of life with her famous husband, wildlife warrior Steve Irwin, My Steve, came in at number 26; musician Andrew Johns’s memoir of mental illness, The Two of Me, at 37; Ayaan Hirst Ali’s autobiography Infidel at 39; John Grogan’s biography/memoir, Marley and Me: Life and Love with the World’s Worst Dog, at 42; Sally Collings’s biography of the inspirational young survivor Sophie Delezio, Sophie’s Journey, at 51; and Elizabeth Gilbert’s hybrid food, self-help and travel memoir, Eat, Pray, Love: One Woman’s Search for Everything at 82. Mao’s Last Dancer, published the year before, remained in the top 100 in 2007 at 87. When moving to a consideration of the top 5,000 books sold in Australia in 2006, BookScan reveals only 62 books categorised as life writing in the top 1,000, and only 222 in the top 5,000 (with 34 titles between 1,000 and 1,999, 45 between 2,000 and 2,999, 48 between 3,000 and 3,999, and 33 between 4,000 and 5,000). 2007 shows a similar total of 235 life writing texts in the top 5,000 bestselling books (75 titles in the first 1,000, 27 between 1,000 and 1,999, 51 between 2,000 and 2,999, 39 between 3,000 and 3,999, and 43 between 4,000 and 5,000). In both years, 2006 and 2007, life writing thus not only constituted only some 4% of the bestselling 5,000 titles in Australia, it also showed only minimal change between these years and, therefore, no significant growth. Conclusions Our investigation using various instruments that claim to reflect levels of book sales reveals that Western readers’ willingness to purchase published life writing has not changed significantly over the past century. We find no evidence of either a short, or longer, term growth or boom in sales in such books. Instead, it appears that what has been widely heralded as a new golden age of life writing may well be more the result of an expanded understanding of what is included in the genre than an increased interest in it by either book readers or publishers. What recent years do appear to have seen, however, is a significantly increased interest by public commentators, critics, and academics in this genre of writing. We have also discovered that the issue of our current obsession with the lives of others tends to be discussed in academic as well as popular fora as if what applies to one sub-genre or production form applies to another: if biography is popular, then autobiography will also be, and vice versa. If reality television programming is attracting viewers, then readers will be flocking to life writing as well. Our investigation reveals that such propositions are questionable, and that there is significant research to be completed in mapping such audiences against each other. This work has also highlighted the difficulty of separating out the categories of written texts in publishing studies, firstly in terms of determining what falls within the category of life writing as distinct from other forms of non-fiction (the hybrid problem) and, secondly, in terms of separating out the categories within life writing. Although we have continued to use the terms biography and autobiography as sub-genres, we are aware that they are less useful as descriptors than they are often assumed to be. In order to obtain a more complete and accurate picture, publishing categories may need to be agreed upon, redefined and utilised across the publishing industry and within academia. This is of particular importance in the light of the suggestions (from total sales volumes) that the audiences for books are limited, and therefore the rise of one sub-genre may be directly responsible for the fall of another. Bair argues, for example, that in the 1980s and 1990s, the popularity of what she categorises as memoir had direct repercussions on the numbers of birth-to-death biographies that were commissioned, contracted, and published as “sales and marketing staffs conclude[d] that readers don’t want a full-scale life any more” (17). Finally, although we have highlighted the difficulty of using publishing statistics when there is no common understanding as to what such data is reporting, we hope this study shows that the utilisation of such material does add a depth to such enquiries, especially in interrogating the anecdotal evidence that is often quoted as data in publishing and other studies. Appendix 1 Publishers Weekly listings 1990–1999 1990 included two autobiographies, Bo Knows Bo by professional athlete Bo Jackson (with Dick Schaap) and Ronald Reagan’s An America Life: An Autobiography. In 1991, there were further examples of life writing with unimaginative titles, Me: Stories of My Life by Katherine Hepburn, Nancy Reagan: The Unauthorized Biography by Kitty Kelley, and Under Fire: An American Story by Oliver North with William Novak; as indeed there were again in 1992 with It Doesn’t Take a Hero: The Autobiography of Norman Schwarzkopf, Sam Walton: Made in America, the autobiography of the founder of Wal-Mart, Diana: Her True Story by Andrew Morton, Every Living Thing, yet another veterinary outpouring from James Herriot, and Truman by David McCullough. In 1993, radio shock-jock Howard Stern was successful with the autobiographical Private Parts, as was Betty Eadie with her detailed recounting of her alleged near-death experience, Embraced by the Light. Eadie’s book remained on the list in 1994 next to Don’t Stand too Close to a Naked Man, comedian Tim Allen’s autobiography. Flag-waving titles continue in 1995 with Colin Powell’s My American Journey, and Miss America, Howard Stern’s follow-up to Private Parts. 1996 saw two autobiographical works, basketball superstar Dennis Rodman’s Bad as I Wanna Be and figure-skater, Ekaterina Gordeeva’s (with EM Swift) My Sergei: A Love Story. In 1997, Diana: Her True Story returns to the top 10, joining Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes and prolific biographer Kitty Kelly’s The Royals, while in 1998, there is only the part-autobiography, part travel-writing A Pirate Looks at Fifty, by musician Jimmy Buffet. There is no biography or autobiography included in either the 1999 or 2000 top 10 lists in Publishers Weekly, nor in that for 2005. In 2001, David McCullough’s biography John Adams and Jack Welch’s business memoir Jack: Straight from the Gut featured. In 2002, Let’s Roll! Lisa Beamer’s tribute to her husband, one of the heroes of 9/11, written with Ken Abraham, joined Rudolph Giuliani’s autobiography, Leadership. 2003 saw Hillary Clinton’s autobiography Living History and Paul Burrell’s memoir of his time as Princess Diana’s butler, A Royal Duty, on the list. In 2004, it was Bill Clinton’s turn with My Life. In 2006, we find John Grisham’s true crime (arguably a biography), The Innocent Man, at the top, Grogan’s Marley and Me at number three, and the autobiographical The Audacity of Hope by Barack Obama in fourth place. Appendix 2 Amazon.com listings since 2000 In 2000, there were only two auto/biographies in the top Amazon 50 bestsellers with Lance Armstrong’s It’s Not about the Bike: My Journey Back to Life about his battle with cancer at 20, and Dave Eggers’s self-consciously fictionalised memoir, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius at 32. In 2001, only the top 14 bestsellers were recorded. At number 1 is John Adams by David McCullough and, at 11, Jack: Straight from the Gut by USA golfer Jack Welch. In 2002, Leadership by Rudolph Giuliani was at 12; Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson by Robert Caro at 29; Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper by Patricia Cornwell at 42; Blinded by the Right: The Conscience of an Ex-Conservative by David Brock at 48; and Louis Gerstner’s autobiographical Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance: Inside IBM’s Historic Turnaround at 50. In 2003, Living History by Hillary Clinton was 7th; Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson 14th; Dereliction of Duty: The Eyewitness Account of How President Bill Clinton Endangered America’s Long-Term National Security by Robert Patterson 20th; Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith by Jon Krakauer 32nd; Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life by Queen Noor of Jordan 33rd; Kate Remembered, Scott Berg’s biography of Katharine Hepburn, 37th; Who’s your Caddy?: Looping for the Great, Near Great and Reprobates of Golf by Rick Reilly 39th; The Teammates: A Portrait of a Friendship about a winning baseball team by David Halberstam 42nd; and Every Second Counts by Lance Armstrong 49th. In 2004, My Life by Bill Clinton was the best selling book of the year; American Soldier by General Tommy Franks was 16th; Kevin Phillips’s American Dynasty: Aristocracy, Fortune and the Politics of Deceit in the House of Bush 18th; Timothy Russert’s Big Russ and Me: Father and Son. Lessons of Life 20th; Tony Hendra’s Father Joe: The Man who Saved my Soul 23rd; Ron Chernow’s Alexander Hamilton 27th; Cokie Roberts’s Founding Mothers: The Women Who Raised our Nation 31st; Kitty Kelley’s The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty 42nd; and Chronicles, Volume 1 by Bob Dylan was 43rd. In 2005, auto/biographical texts were well down the list with only The Year of Magical Thinking by Joan Didion at 45 and The Glass Castle: A Memoir by Jeanette Walls at 49. In 2006, there was a resurgence of life writing with Nora Ephron’s I Feel Bad About My Neck: and Other Thoughts on Being a Woman at 9; Grisham’s The Innocent Man at 12; Bill Buford’s food memoir Heat: an Amateur’s Adventures as Kitchen Slave, Line Cook, Pasta-Maker, and Apprentice to a Dante-Quoting Butcher in Tuscany at 23; more food writing with Julia Child’s My Life in France at 29; Immaculée Ilibagiza’s Left to Tell: Discovering God amidst the Rwandan Holocaust at 30; CNN anchor Anderson Cooper’s Dispatches from the Edge: A Memoir of War, Disasters and Survival at 43; and Isabella Hatkoff’s Owen & Mzee: The True Story of a Remarkable Friendship (between a baby hippo and a giant tortoise) at 44. In 2007, Ishmael Beah’s discredited A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier came in at 8; Walter Isaacson’s Einstein: His Life and Universe 13; Ayaan Hirst Ali’s autobiography of her life in Muslim society, Infidel, 18; The Reagan Diaries 25; Jesus of Nazareth by Pope Benedict XVI 29; Mother Teresa: Come be my Light 36; Clapton: The Autobiography 40; Tina Brown’s The Diana Chronicles 45; Tony Dungy’s Quiet Strength: The Principles, Practices & Priorities of a Winning Life 47; and Daniel Tammet’s Born on a Blue Day: Inside the Extraordinary Mind of an Autistic Savant at 49. Acknowledgements A sincere thank you to Michael Webster at RMIT for assistance with access to Nielsen BookScan statistics, and to the reviewers of this article for their insightful comments. Any errors are, of course, our own. References Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC). “About Us.” Australian Story 2008. 1 June 2008. ‹http://www.abc.net.au/austory/aboutus.htm>. 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AbstractAs with any other scholarship, public history has its academic journals. The two main journals are The Public Historian (USA, 1978-) and The Public History Review (Australia, 1992-). As a new-comer in the field, International Public History – the journal of the International Federation for Public History (IFPH) – symbolizes the wish to move away from a predominantly Anglo-Saxon and English-speaking public history. The creation of Public History Weekly (PHW) in 2013 was another early and significant step in this process of internationalization. PHW has published (by March 2018) 260 articles from 74 authors and 479 comments – in 13 languages. All articles – published every Thursday morning – and comments are open access. Open peer-reviewed (OPR), PHW belongs to a new format of publishing in the digital age. In September 2017, Seth Denbo was wondering “Can history accommodate modes of review and publication that would provide greater flexibility and enable nontraditional research outputs to flourish?” With 27,600 visits and 400,000 page-views per month, PHW provides some preliminary answers on what digital and international public history publishing can be.