Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Puces à ADN complémentaire'
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Boissinot, Karel. "Étude des phénomènes reliés à la présence du brin complémentaire au brin cible lors d'hybridation avec sondes de captures fixées sur support solide." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25532.
Full textThis thesis presents three studies related to the phenomenon related to DNA hybridization onto capture probes attached to solid support. The work was carried out in the context of infectious diseases detection, but the conclusions are of interest to any test based on the recognition of genetic material by solid support immobilized capture probes. DNA hybridization in aqueous phase is well characterised, however several parameters and phenomena related to hybridization onto solid supports are still to be determined. One of these parameters is the influence of the complementary strand in relation with the length of the solvent-exposed immobilized target strand. To better understand this phenomenon, we established a method to specifically digest the complementary DNA strands to simplify hybridization onto solid support. The presence of a molecule favorising digestion on the complementary strand and a blocking molecule on the target strand enabled selective digestion of the complementary strand using Lambda exonuclease in PCR buffer. Hybridization of single-stranded target DNA generated this way resulted in significantly higher fluorescence signals than those obtained with double stranded hybridization. Afterwards, observation of real-time hybridization of single-stranded amplicons and double-stranded amplicons to capture probes fixed onto solid support allowed for a better understanding of the competition phenomena between the complementary strand and the capture probe. Finally, the knowledge gained with the first two studies was used to invent a technology taking advantage of the competition between the complementary strand and the capture probe and exonuclease activity to perform single vessel and single buffer PCR amplification and microarray hybridization. The combination of these techniques will simplify devices and require fewer reagents storage and handling, facilitating production of automated diagnostic tests at lower costs. The works of this thesis have expended our understanding of the phenomena associated with hybridization onto a solid support and also resulted in the creation of a new technology covered by a patent application. The logical progression of this work is to further develop and optimize this technology by integrating it into a microfluidic device and an instrument compatible with the detection of microarrays to increase the multiplexing capabilities of molecular diagnostics.
Becker, Jérôme. "Identification de nouveaux ligands peptidiques des récepteurs aux opiacés Mu, Delta, Kappa et ORL-1 et mise en place de la technologie des puces à ADN dans le cadre de la pharmacodépendance." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13140.
Full textBaron-Benhamou, Julie. "Mécanisme et contrôle de l'initiation de la traduction des ARN massagers chez les Eucaryotes." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066015.
Full textCroce, Olivier. "Conception de puces à ADN pour l'identification d'organismes." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4054.
Full textIdentification of organisms are still often based on phenotypical characters. However, this type of identification is approximative and difficult for micro-organisms. DNA micro-arrays appear to be a solution for a fast and reliable identification of a large number of species. However, this technique is relatively recent and it is still necessary to improve it, in particular at the conceptual level. Within this framework, the objective of my thesis was to implement new means for chip design. This work was completed through two projects: The project "Aquachip" aimed in designing a DNA array for the identification of pathogenic bacteria present in bathing and drinking water. The project grouped several european laboratories that had to exchange a large amount of data. Such significant flow of information is often badly managed and slows down research. Consequently, we developed a dynamic numerical platform, the "E-dashboard" (MySQL, PHP), allowing all partners to manage data. This tool made it possible on the one hand to follow the progress of the various steps of the project and on the other hand to optimize exchanges between partners. In a second project, "Mycochip", the objective was to develop a DNA array to identify ectomychorizian fungi. ITS sequences (Internal Transcribed Spacers) from a very divergent area located between ribosomal RNA genes are used for this study. The project initially required the development of a tool to retrieve sequences, " EmblEx " (Perl, MySQL), which is more specific and powerful than Entrez, SRS or ACNUC. Then, the ambiguous taxonomy of fungi led us to conceive a new method of classification through partitioning without alignment. Biological experiments showed that reliable probes could be determined by this approach
Schöneck, Ralf. "Clonage et caractérisation moléculaire d'un ADNc de trypanosoma cruzi codant pour une protéine homologue aux glutathion s-transferases : approche fonctionnelle." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10044.
Full textNeuvial, Pierre. "Contributions à l'analyse statistique des données de puces à ADN." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433045.
Full textSalle, Paola. "Les motifs séquentiels pour les données issues des puces ADN." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20239/document.
Full textThe emergence of biotechnology, such as DNA chips, has acquired huge amounts of data in a cell at a given moment and under certain conditions. They are used in order to understand a disease whose origin is a genomic abnormality disrupting the natural development between growth, division and cell death. Using this biotechnology, the aim is to identify the genes involved in disease studied. But each chip gives information on more than 19,000 genes then it is difficult to use and to analyse the results. Methods of Data mining are used in order to find interesting correlations from large database. Initially proposed to address questions about the behavior of customers of a supermarket, these methods are now used and adapted in various fields of applications ranging marketing to health. In this study, we propose new methods in order to help biologists to deduce new knowledge from data obtained by DNA microarray analysis. Specifically, we propose to identify genes frequently ordered by their expressions and we study the contribution of such information as the new study material for biologists
Neuvial, Pierre. "Contributions à l'analyse statistique des données de puces à ADN." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077073.
Full textThis thesis deals with statistical questions raised by the analysis of high-dimensional genomic data for cancer research. In the first part, we study asymptotic properties of multiple testing procedures that aim at controlling the False Discovery Rate (FDR), that is, the expected False Discovery Proportion (FDP) among rejected hypotheses. We develop a versatile formalism to calculate the asymptotic distribution of the FDP an the associated regularity conditions, for a wide range of multiple testing procedures, and compare their asymptotic power. We then study in terms of FDR control connections between intrinsic bounds between three multiple testing problems: detection, estimation and selection. In particular, we connect convergence rates in the estimation problem to the regularity of the p-value distribution near 1. In the second part, we develop statistical methods to study DNA microarrays for cancer research. We propose a microarray normalization method that removes spatial biases while preserving the true biological signal; it combines robust regression with a mixture model with spatial constraints. Then we develop a method to infer gene regulations from gene expression data, which is based on learning and multiple testing theories. Finally, we build a genomic score to predict, for a patient treated for a breast tumor, whether or not a second cancer is a true recurrence of the first cancer
Martin, Olivier Bruno. "Approches statistiques pour l'analyse de données des puces à ADN." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE19019.
Full textCDNA microarrays are a method for measuring simultaneously the expression levels of thousands of genes. In this work, we consider statistical methods for gene expression data analysis. After the normalization step, two problems can be considered: first the determination of a statistically significant change in gene expression between two experimental conditions and second the analysis of gene expression profiles. Data variability is one of the main difficulties that led us to develop specific methods. To detect differentially expressed genes, we describe the need for experimental replication to robustify the analysis. First, analysis of variance is investigated to determine which factors of variability are relevant. An ongoing work considers more complex approach that introduces different variance components. In this model, gene expression levels are represented by linear mixed models. In a next step, in order to account for data variability in gene expression profiles clustering, we propose to properly exploit the data repetitions. Repeated data clustering is an approach to isolate error measurements from covariable random effects. Our approach is based on mixed model mixture. For each class, statistic units can be characterized by different mixed models and several mixture models are considered. Within a probabilistic framework, the problem of selecting a particular mixed model mixture is solved minimizing information criteria
Bessueille, François. "Contribution à l'élaboration et à la lecture des puces à ADN." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECDL0024.
Full textBertucci, François. "Mesure d'expression génique dans le cancer du sein : Puces à ADN." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22043.
Full textFrenel, Jean-Sébastien. "Evaluation de l'ADN circulant tumoral (ADNct) comme biomarqueur de réponse aux thérapies ciblées développées en phase précoce en oncologie." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1013/document.
Full textCirculating cell free DNA (ccDNA) deriving from tumor can be isolated in plasma of cancer patients. This circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shared the same genetics and epigenetics characteristics with the tumor and represents virtually a liquid biopsy. We evaluated whether targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could be used for patient selection and as a tumor clone response biomarker in 39 patients with advanced cancers participating in early-phase clinical trials of targeted drugs. Overall, 159 plasma samples were sequenced with a mean sequencing coverage achieved of 1,685X across experiments. At trial initiation (C1D1), 23 of 39 (59%) patients had at least one mutation identified in cfDNA. Out of the 44 mutations identified at C1D1, TP53, PIK3CA and KRAS were the top three mutated genes identified, with 18 (41%), nine (20%), eight (18%) different mutations, respectively. In the second part of this work, we performed sequential NGS of ctDNA for the 23 patients with cfDNA mutation identified at C1D1. The monitoring of mutation allele frequency (AF) in consecutive plasma samples during treatment with targeted drugs demonstrated potential treatment associated clonal responses. Longitudinal monitoring of cfDNA samples with multiple mutations indicated the presence of separate clones behaving discordantly. Molecular changes at cfDNA mutation level were associated with time to disease progression. Targeted NGS of ctDNA has potential clinical utility to monitor the delivery of targeted therapies and future directions are discussed
Blin, Marion. "Implication de la gluconéogenèse et de la glycogenèse dans la cancérogenèse astrocytaire." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2081.
Full textBrault, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude du gène de la lipoprotéine lipase (LPL)." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA11A002.
Full textPalms, Benoît. "Clonage, caractérisation et étude de l'expression du gène de la nitrate réductase chez Cichorium intybus L." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10063.
Full textBeuf, Aurélien. "Optimisation de l'hybridation des puces à ADN grâce au mélange par advection chaotique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524716.
Full textKeren, Boris. "La déficience intellectuelle : du diagnostic en puces ADN à l'identification de gènes candidats." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918306.
Full textBeuf, Aurélien Carrière Philippe. "Optimisation de l'hybridation des puces à ADN grâce au mélange par advection chaotique." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/abeuf.pdf.
Full textKauffmann, Audrey. "Interprétations biologiques de données issues de puces à ADN : outils et analyses bioinformatiques." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077114.
Full textThere are numerous methods available for the analysis of microarray experimente and the choice of method primarily depends on the awaited objective. Firstly, this work describes two studies illustrating cases where DNA chips are a powerful exploratory tool allowing, by basic but adapted analysis, to discover tracks validated during complementary experiments. Secondly, this work describes the development of a new method of analysis, SBIME (Searching for a Biological Interpretation from Microarray Experiments), that highlight functions of interest instead of genes of interest in a model studied by DNA microarrays. By using SBIME, we have highlighted the importance of the oxydoreduction pathway in docetaxel resistance of certain breast cancers. In addition, this tool contributed to outlining the major role of the actin cytoskeleton during the resistance of tumoral cells to T lymphocytes. Our new method has also been useful for the comprehension of the differences between three classes of neuroblastoma. Lastly, SBIME has emphasized the importance of DNA repair and replication mechanisms in the metastatic relapse of melanoma. In conclusion of this work, we present two in-depth studies for which the use of our tool was not adapted. The first study has established the relationships between the polyploidization and the differentiation of the megakaryocytes. The second study has put forward remarkable links between thymic selection and neuronal apoptosis
Devaux, Frédéric. "Des puces à ADN pour l'étude des transcriptomes de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066416.
Full textMartin, Franck. "Surfaces modifiées par des organosilanes à terminaisons fonctionnelles : application aux puces à ADN." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20063.
Full textBerthet, Nicolas. "Les puces à ADN de haute densité pour la détection multiparamétrique de pathogènes." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077067.
Full textUnbiased and multiparametric identification of bacteria and viruses present in clinical samples can influence the therapeutic decisions taken by health authorities. The objective of this work was to establish a DNA microarray technology for the rapid identification of pathogens in clinical specimens. A microarray based on resequencing technology was designed for the identification of 50 bacteria, 42 viruses and 619 genes encoding antibiotic resistance and toxins. Elaboration of the first generation microarray involved chosing the genes and probes for the identification of pathogens as well as developing extraction and amplification protocols of nucleic acids from bacterial and viral genomes. A large number of pathogens were successfully tested allowing us to validate this first generation microarray. Some experiments were carried out to evaluate the capacity of the array to identify several pathogens in a mixture mimicking the clinical context. Three major syndromes were reproduced comprising several different pathogens and these were ail identified successfully The ability to identify individual pathogens in complex mixtures was also successfully demonstrated by the detection of MonkeyPox virus and multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus in a human scab. Finally, there was excellent correlation between the antibiotic resistance profile detected on the antibiogram and the resistance profile predicted by the chip. In conclusion, resequencing array technology presents many advantages for multipathogen identification even though an excess of eukaryotic DNA still limits slightly the sensitivity of the detection
Dupre, Isabelle. "Développement de puces à ADN pour l'étude du transcriptome des tumeurs cérébrales humaines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10241.
Full textDugas, Vincent. "Immobilisation d'oligonucléotides par greffage sur silice pour la réalisation de "puces à ADN"." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECDL0017.
Full textA process of covalently, reliability and reusability of DNA immobilization has been developed in this work. The selected method for the immobilization of DNA strand consists to make reaction between oligonucleotides carrying terminals primaries amines with the surfaces. The reaction on activated acids creates covalent bounds of very chemically stable amide type. The substrate functionalization is performed by chemical grafting of the t-butyl [dimethyl (diméthylamino) sily] undecanoate following with a deprotection step of the ester and activation of the leading acids with the N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The choice of a monofunctional silane allows to obtain more reproducible grafting than with the usually trifunctionals used. The grafting densities depend of the number of silanols presents on the surface sample. Thus grafting densities of 1. 4 micron mol/m2 have been measured by FTIR-ATR on thermal silica that possess a low density of silanols. The acid function are generated under mild conditions by formation of silyl ester easily hydrolysable with water. The reaction of amino-modified oligonucleotides on NHS ester activated is carried out from diluted solutions thanks an in-situ drying of the deposited drops. This process gives immobilisation densities of 4x10 puis. 11 strands/cm2. These substrates allow to hybrid complementary oligonucleotides and large double strands PCR fragments (1. 5 kb). The covalent grafting allows to use these devices in successive hybridization-denaturation cycles
Lamarre, Michaël. "Conception de puces à ADN permettant d'observer la biodiversité bactérienne dans un échantillon environnemental." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4074.
Full textEstimating bacterial biodiversity is often carried out after PCR, cloning and sequencing of a large number of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences (16S rDNA). The large number of such sequences in the public databases makes it now possible to consider a DNA chip to study bacterial diversity. 16S rDNA which is composed of a succession of domains of relatively high to very low rates of divergence is an ideal candidate to design probes allowing bacterial identification at various taxonomic levels. Having species-specific and high level probes on a chip would make it possible to identify known species or to characterize an environment at the genus, family or phylum level. The work of this thesis consisted in checking the feasibility of such a DNA chip. This project required the creation of EmblEx (Perl/HTML), a tool for the retrieval of every sequence of interest from the public databases, in a more specific and more precise manner than using current tools. Sequences are then classified without alignment, a new method of analysing the results of a BLAST search makes it possible to directly compute a distance matrix then used by a partitioning algorithm. Each class is then compared to existing taxonomy. Probes specific to each class could be identified, providing genus- or class-specific probes
Benouareth, Djamel Eddine. "Clonage et expression de l'ADNc d'une métalloprotéine (MPII) de l'annélide marine (Nereis diversicolor)." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10061.
Full textREYMOND, Nancie. "Bioinformatique des puces à ADN et application à l'analyse du transcriptome de Buchnera aphidicola." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008630.
Full textReymond, Nancie Fayard Jean-Michel Charles Hubert. "Bioinformatique des puces à ADN et application à l'analyse du transcriptome de Buchnera aphidicola." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=reymond.
Full textBras, Marlène. "Validation et caractérisation de la lecture des puces à ADN par spectroscopie de fluorescence." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10205.
Full textReymond, Nancie. "Bioinformatique des puces à ADN et application à l'analyse du transcriptome de Buchnera aphidicola." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0100/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the transcriptome of the bacterium Buchnera aphidicola, the primary endosymbiont of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pi-sum, by microarray technology. The high interdependance between Buchnera and the aphid caused modifications of the bacterial genome, including loss of most regulatory genes. However, Buchnera retained the biosynthesis pathways, for the production of essential amino acids to its host. The first part of this the-sis relates to the development of ROSO, a software to design optimized oligonucleotide probes for microarrays. An interface was conceived to allow its use on line (http://pbil. Univ-lyon1. Fr/roso). In the second part, the design and the use of a chip dedicated to Buchnera allowed to study the bacterial transcrip-tome, under nutritionnal and osmotic stress in the diet of the aphid. This analysis shows that Buchnera is able to modify its gene expression and to adapt its metabolism to answer to changing demand of its host
Rimour, Sébastien. "Méthodes et outils logiciels pour la conception de sondes oligonucléotidiques pour puces à ADN." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21691.
Full textNavarro, Aude-Emmanuelle. "Synthèse et propriétés d'une nouvelle famille d'oligonucléotides électroactifs pour la réalisation de puces à ADN." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22050.
Full textThis work deals with the development of a new generation of DNA biosensors based on electrochemical detection. The first part points out the various strategies currently used to fabricate DNA chip. In a second part, a new approach of DNA synthesis including ferrocenyl electrochemical probes is described. The characterization of these DNA and their electrochemical properties in solution are described in a third part. The fourth and fifth part expose the grafting of these DNA on an EDOT copolymer and on gold respectively. In the both cases, the systems are fully characterized and are shown to allow the monitoring of the hybridization reaction
Le, Meur Nolwenn. "De l'acquisition des données de puces à ADN vers leur interprétation : importance du traitement des données primaires." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT35VS.
Full textBioinformatic tools have become essential for microarray processing. From raw data extraction by image analysis software to the research of molecular networks via data normalization and validation, mathematical and statistical methods are crucial. This work deals with the performance of microarray image analysis software, with metrology and the transformation of raw microarray data to consolidated gene expression data matrices. A Web service, MADSCAN (MicroArray Data Suite of Computed Analysis) has been developed to process raw expression data. This tool filters, normalizes, and statistically validates raw data. The next challenges are the analysis (molecular marker identification, classification approaches) and the integration of expression data with metadata (ontology, literature. . . ) for a better understanding of gene mechanisms
Choplin, Franck. "Synthèse et greffage d'agents de couplage organosiliciés en vue de l'élaboration de puces à ADN." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10575.
Full textLa, My Van. "Etude de bactéries difficilement cultivables ou intracellulaires strictes par la technologie des puces à ADN." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20684.
Full textThis thesis was aimed to enrich the knowledge about fastidious and obligate intracellular bacteria using the DNA microarray technology. Two experimental models were used in this work, namely Tropheryma whipplei, the agent of the Whipple’s disease, and Rickettsia conorii, the agent of the Mediterranean Spotted Fever. The comparative analysis of 16 clinical isolates of T. Whipplei originating from various geographical and biological sources revealed a strong rate of conservation through their genomes. The regulation of T. Whipplei Twist strain in response to doxycycline was also investigated. The results obtained were consistent with the mode of action of this translation inhibitor. Moreover, this work has been used as a support to develop a technique of amplification of the prokaryotic RNA thus allowing the transcriptome analysis by microarrays starting from a small amount of RNA. Concerning R. Conorii, preliminary and highly interesting results obtained by RT-PCR assays, led us to analyze the whole transcriptome of this bacteria exposed to a nutrient stress. To assess both the feasibility and the accuracy of such an approach, a specific DNA microarray composed with a limited number of targets was developed. Despite the lack of a global view of the transcriptional changes, some conclusions have been evidenced from our results, including the up-regulation of several genes encoding for the type IV secretion system proteins. This is the first analysis of rickettsial transcriptome by microarrays. Such an approach, which was made possible by using an experimental strategy based on the substractive hybridization of eukaryotic RNA has a great prospect for the future investigations. In summary, our data confirmed that, despite some limitations in part circumvented in this work, DNA microarrays are powerful tools for the study of fastidious and obligate intracellular bacteria
Doukoure, Mory. "Conception et réalisation d'un outil d'analyse et d'interprétation des données de puces à ADN : maeva." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T001.
Full textPoly, Frédéric. "Etude de la diversité génétique de l'espèce Campylobacter jejuni par l'utilisation de puces à ADN." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/POLY_Frederic_2005.pdf.
Full textThis study represents the identification of unique sequences of two non-sequenced, human-enteropathogenic Campylobacter jejuni strains, by comparison with the sequenced strain NCTC 11168. We choose to study TGH 9011 and 81-176 strains for their pathogenicity characters. We constructed a shotgun microarray made by the printing of plasmids issued from a whole representative genomic library of the two studied strains. After analysis, we were able to identify 130 ORFs specific to TGH 9011 compare to NCTC 11168 and 86 ORFs plus the sequence of the plasmid pTet of 81-176. Identified genes are mostly involved in demonstrated pathogenesis mechanisms of C. Jejuni. The microarray of TGH 9011 has been also used for the study of genes regulated by the Ferric Uptake regulator. In summary, these studies demonstrate the power of the use of shotgun microarray for bacterial genomic comparisons
Trévisiol, Emmanuelle. "Synthèse de nucléotides triphosphates modifiés pour le diagnostic moléculaire par reséquencage sur puces à ADN." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10274.
Full textBourget, Cécile. "Recherche de marqueurs spécifiques des phosphates d'acides nucléiques en vue d'application sur puces à ADN." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10069.
Full textParallel to CUITent progress in DNA chip technology, requirements for efficient nucleic acid labeling technologies are growing. We describe an alternative, efficient and direct labeling method based on alkylation of nucleic acid phosphates by aryldiazomethane derivatives. We synthesized series of atyldiazomethane derivatives tethered to reporter groups. The fIfst molecules described are biotinylated labeling molecules with variation of the position of biotin moiety on the phenyl ring bearing the reactive diazomethane fonction. The introduction of electro-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring was also realized. Other biotinylated molecules containing polyethylene glycol chains have been synthesized to improve the aqueous solubility. These established procedures were further applied for the synthesis of polybiotinylated compounds and Cy5 molecules. We also describe the general procedures used for the study of the new molecules on DNA chips and the results obtained with two molecules
Riond, Joëlle. "Benzodiazepines peripheriques." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0094.
Full text[Benzodiazepines are sedative, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant. They exert their effects through receptors in the central nervous system. However, some benzodiazepines also bind to a pharmacologically different receptor (BPBS) in peripheral organs. This one could be involved in immuno-modulation: we observed an effect of peripheral benzodiazepines on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. To further characterize the receptor of these ligands, we purified it from the CHO cell line (hamster) and we cleaved it to determine a partial sequence. An antiserum directed against synthetic analogous peptides was used to study the homology cell line U937. Using the CHO BPBS peptide sequence, four oligonucleotide probes were synthesised to isolate the BPBS cDNA from a U937 library. The sequenced coding region corresponds to a 169 amino-acid protein with several potential trans-membrane domains. Finally, using the cDNA of the human BPBS as a probe, the BPBS gene was localized in the 22q 13. 3 band of the human genome. ]
Boeuf, Grégory. "Influence des conditions de culture sur les peroxydases apoplastiques de Cichorium intybus : étude biochimique et moléculaire de l'isoperoxydase Cicpx." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-239.pdf.
Full textRapaport, Franck. "Introduction de la connaissance à priori dans l'étude des puces à l'ADN." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066652.
Full textTourlet, Sébastien. "Proposition d’une stratégie d’analyse statistique des données de puces à ADN décrivant une cinétique d’expression génique." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3134.
Full textMicroarray results were blamed because of their lack of concordance. Moreover, the huge candidate gene lists from statistical filterings are not useful for biologists. FDA proved that the lack of reliability between microarray experiments came from the choice of gene filtering indicators. In this context, a filtering method was developed based on expression curve shape modelling with the use of Log 2 of fold-change between kinetic points. Actually, the co-regulated genes display similar expression shape but with heterogeneous expression level.Our method was developed and validated thanks to two independent microarray experiments (Affymetric®) from mouse embryonic ovaries. Therefore, a short and relevant list of genes was obtained. Thus, a study of results linked to ovarian differentiation permitted to identify nine new candidate genes that were in silico validated. These genes might be biologically tested (i.e. RT PCR) by the scientific community
Daburon, Virginie. "Etude génétique et clonage de l'ADN complémentaire de la 2,3-bisphosphoglycérate mutase érythrocytaire humaine." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P145.
Full textDanse, Jean-Marc. "Contribution à l'étude des toxines de venin de serpent : étude immunologique et clonage moléculaire de toxines du serpent Bungarus Multicinctus." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13204.
Full textIsabel, Sandra, and Sandra Isabel. "Caractérisation et détection par des méthodes génotypiques des agents bactériens aéroportés associés au bioterrorisme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24517.
Full textCette thèse de doctorat présente quatre études portant sur la détection des agents bactériens aéroportés associés au bioterrorisme. Tout d’abord, un rappel historique des guerres biologiques et du bioterrorisme permettra de mieux comprendre cette menace. Pour cibler la problématique actuelle, les agents biologiques, les procédures d’intervention des organisations de sécurité et de santé publique ainsi que les méthodes de détection seront ensuite introduites. La capacité de détection rapide des agents biologiques est une des lacunes importantes des procédures d’intervention. La détection et l’identification de ces agents biologiques nécessitent plusieurs étapes critiques interreliées. Elles consistent en l’échantillonnage, la préparation des analytes contenues dans des matrices complexes et finalement l’identification du micro-organisme en décodant des macromolécules signatures, et ce, notamment par des méthodes génotypiques. Certaines particules peuvent potentiellement être employées pour la préparation d’armes biologiques aéroportées. De plus, des poudres inoffensives (p. ex., farine) peuvent être utilisées pour terroriser certains individus, des organisations ou la population. Ces composés peuvent toutefois interférer avec les méthodes de détection moléculaire. C’est pourquoi la première étude traite de l’interférence sur la détection par la PCR de 23 échantillons poudreux ou environnementaux autres. Cet article présente une méthode séparant des spores de Bacillus de matrices poudreuses afin d’enlever ces particules nuisibles à la détection. La procédure conceptualisée est simple d’exécution (10 étapes), rapide (≤ 10 minutes), peu coûteuse (~ 10 $) et permet de traiter une plus grande variété d’échantillons par rapport à l’art antérieur. En second lieu, une lyse de spores bactériennes basée sur la sonication rapide (45 secondes) a permis d’extraire l’ADN génomique avec des rendements comparables à une autre méthode de lyse commercialisée performante nécessitant cinq minutes. Le Module fluidique de lyse ultrasonique a été confectionné pour être décontaminé et transféré d’une zone contaminée à une zone sécurisée, ce qui est un avantage important dans le contexte du bioterrorisme. Le troisième projet concerne le développement d’un essai de détection basé sur l’amplification PCR de type large spectre du gène tuf et l’identification sur biopuce de séquences d’ADN signatures grâce à une hybridation en microfluidique. Cet essai a permis de détecter rapidement (75 minutes) 12 des 13 agents bactériens aéroportés associés au bioterrorisme listés par les CDC. Finalement, les analyses de séquences du gène cible, tuf, chez le genre Yersinia, ont montré un haut niveau de divergence entre les gènes dupliqués intragénomiques, tufA et tufB (8,3 à 16,2 %). Ce résultat inattendu pourrait montrer les circonstances particulières permettant à des gènes dupliqués d’acquérir de nouvelles fonctions. De plus, cette étude a permis de faire une analyse phylogénétique de 14 des 17 espèces décrites du genre Yersinia et d’apporter des informations sur leur classification taxonomique. Prochainement, il serait intéressant de juxtaposer les différentes étapes de détection des agents biologiques présentées ici dans un système intégré d’analyse totale. Par conséquent, l’automatisation pourrait faciliter leur utilisation sur le terrain pour détecter et identifier rapidement (~1 h) des agents biologiques associés au bioterrorisme permettant de prendre en charge les victimes plus efficacement et de contribuer à enrayer la propagation.
This doctoral thesis presents four studies regarding the detection of airborne bacterial biothreat agents. First of all, a historical review of biological warfare and bioterrorism will allow for better understanding of this threat. To focus on the current problematic, biological agents, intervention procedures of public security and health organisations, as well as detection methods will then be introduced. The lack of systems for the reliable and rapid detection of biological agents is an important limitation of intervention procedures. Many interrelated steps are required to detect and identify biological agents. They consist of sampling, sample matrix processing, and finally, microbial identification by decoding macromolecule signatures, notably using genotyping methods. Some particles potentially employed to produce airborne biological weapons could interfere with molecular detection methods. Moreover, inoffensive powders (e.g. flour) can be used as hoaxes to terrorise individuals, organisations, or the population. Therefore, the first article studied the interference on PCR detection of 23 powdery or other environmental samples. This study presents a method to separate Bacillus spores from powdery matrices to alleviate the impact of these interfering compounds. The developed procedure is fast (≤10 minutes), inexpensive (~ 10$), allows easy handling (10 steps) and treatment of a wider sample variety compared to prior art. Secondly, a bacterial spore lysis based on rapid sonication (45 seconds) allowed extraction of genomic DNA in yields comparable to a robust commercialised lysis procedure requiring 5 minutes. The Fluidic Ultrasonic Lysis Module can be decontaminated and transferred from a contaminated to a secured area, which is advantageous in the context of bioterrorism. The third project shows the development of a detection assay based on a bacterial broad-spectrum PCR amplification of the target gene tuf and the identification of signature DNA sequences using a microfluidic microarray system. This assay allowed the rapid (75 minutes) detection of 12 of the 13 airborne bacterial biothreat agents listed by the CDC. Finally, analyses of tuf gene sequences from the Yersinia genus showed a high level of divergence between intra-genomic tufA and tufB sequences (8.3 to 16.2 %). This unexpected result could reveal particular circumstances allowing duplicated genes to acquire new functions. Moreover, this study allowed a phylogenetic analysis of 14 of the 17 described Yersinia species and added information about their taxonomical classification. In the near future, it would be interesting to combine the different biothreat detection steps presented here into a total analysis system. Hence, automation could facilitate its utilisation in the field to detect and identify (~1 h) biothreat agents resulting in more efficient medical management of victims and contribute to stop propagation.
This doctoral thesis presents four studies regarding the detection of airborne bacterial biothreat agents. First of all, a historical review of biological warfare and bioterrorism will allow for better understanding of this threat. To focus on the current problematic, biological agents, intervention procedures of public security and health organisations, as well as detection methods will then be introduced. The lack of systems for the reliable and rapid detection of biological agents is an important limitation of intervention procedures. Many interrelated steps are required to detect and identify biological agents. They consist of sampling, sample matrix processing, and finally, microbial identification by decoding macromolecule signatures, notably using genotyping methods. Some particles potentially employed to produce airborne biological weapons could interfere with molecular detection methods. Moreover, inoffensive powders (e.g. flour) can be used as hoaxes to terrorise individuals, organisations, or the population. Therefore, the first article studied the interference on PCR detection of 23 powdery or other environmental samples. This study presents a method to separate Bacillus spores from powdery matrices to alleviate the impact of these interfering compounds. The developed procedure is fast (≤10 minutes), inexpensive (~ 10$), allows easy handling (10 steps) and treatment of a wider sample variety compared to prior art. Secondly, a bacterial spore lysis based on rapid sonication (45 seconds) allowed extraction of genomic DNA in yields comparable to a robust commercialised lysis procedure requiring 5 minutes. The Fluidic Ultrasonic Lysis Module can be decontaminated and transferred from a contaminated to a secured area, which is advantageous in the context of bioterrorism. The third project shows the development of a detection assay based on a bacterial broad-spectrum PCR amplification of the target gene tuf and the identification of signature DNA sequences using a microfluidic microarray system. This assay allowed the rapid (75 minutes) detection of 12 of the 13 airborne bacterial biothreat agents listed by the CDC. Finally, analyses of tuf gene sequences from the Yersinia genus showed a high level of divergence between intra-genomic tufA and tufB sequences (8.3 to 16.2 %). This unexpected result could reveal particular circumstances allowing duplicated genes to acquire new functions. Moreover, this study allowed a phylogenetic analysis of 14 of the 17 described Yersinia species and added information about their taxonomical classification. In the near future, it would be interesting to combine the different biothreat detection steps presented here into a total analysis system. Hence, automation could facilitate its utilisation in the field to detect and identify (~1 h) biothreat agents resulting in more efficient medical management of victims and contribute to stop propagation.
Golfier, Geoffroy. "Données génomiques associées aux puces à ADN : outils et analyses bioinformatiques appliqués à l'étude du chromosome 21." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077084.
Full textCazalet-Lavigne, Christel. "Genome-based epidemiology of Legionella pneumophila : towards a prediction of the risk associated with a strain." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066245.
Full textMazurie, Aurélien. "Des gènes aux réseaux génétiques : exploitation des données transcriptomiques, inférence et caractérisation de structures de régulation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066030.
Full textFuchs, Julia. "Etude Physico-chimique des puces à ADN: Stabilité du duplex d'ADN, détection des mutations ponctuelles et au-delà." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433465.
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