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1
PETRESCU, IORGU, and RICHARD W. HEARD. "Three new species of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Costa Rica." Zootaxa 721, no. 1 (November 11, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.721.1.1.
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Three new species of Cumacea are described from Costa Rican coastal waters. The bodotriids, Cyclaspys breedyae n. sp. and Cyclaspis vargasae n. sp., occurred on the Pacific coast, and the nannastacid, Cumella spinifera n. sp., came from a shallow back reef habitat of the Caribbean coast. Cyclaspis breedyae n. sp., which was collected from shallow water (1 1.5 m) at a beach just north of Puerto Caldera, has affinities with Cyclaspis varians Calman, 1912 from the northwestern Atlantic; it differs by having a carapace with fewer (usually 4), but larger, dorsal spines behind the ocular lobe and by having the pseudorostrum not extending beyond the ocular lobe. Cyclaspis vargasae n. sp., which was collected at a depth of 35 m off San Jos Island on the northwest coast, has some similarities with western Atlantic species, Cyclaspis alba Roccatagliata & Moreira 1986 and C. variabilis Roccatagliata & Moreira, 1986, but it differs from these species by having a carapace with oblique dorsal crests and a lateral ridge running anteriorly from the posteroventral margin of the carapace to just above the antennal notch. Cumella spinifera n. sp. was collected on the Caribbean coast at Puerto Vargas and has its closest affinities with C. zimmeri Petrescu, Iliffe, & Sarbu, 1994, known from shallow Caribbean waters off Jamaica. It is distinguished from the Jamaican species by several characters, including having the female carapace with more dorsal spines (10 verses 3 on the carapace of C. zimmeri) and being more dorsally pronounced with a papulate integument.
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ERWIN, TERRY L. "The beetle family Carabidae of Costa Rica: The genera of the Cryptobatida group of subtribe Agrina, tribe Lebiini, with new species and notes on their way of life (Insecta: Coleoptera)." Zootaxa 662, no. 1 (October 1, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.662.1.1.
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Eight genera and eighteen species of the Cryptobatida group of subtribe Agrina, Lebiini, living in Costa Rica are diagnosed, described, illustrated or referenced and new species assigned to inclusive genera. Occurrences of some taxa outside of Costa Rica are also reported, these ranging from Texas to Argentina. Subtribe Agrina consists of those species formerly included in the Subtribe Calleidina. Four new species of Aspasiola Chaudoir 1877 are described: A. bonita Erwin, n. sp. (COSTA RICA. PUNTARENAS, Peninsula de Osa, P.N. Corcovado, Estaci n Sirena, 0 100 m, 08 28' 0 N, 083 35' 0 W, LS270500, 508300), A. osa Erwin, n. sp. (COSTA RICA. PUNTARENAS, Peninsula de Osa, P.N. Corcovado, Estaci n Sirena, upper Ollas Trail, 30 150 m, 08 29' 00 N, 083 34' 39 W), A. selva Erwin, n. sp. (COSTA RICA. HEREDIA, Estaci n Biol gica La Selva, 3.0 km S Puerto Viejo, Finca La Selva, 50 150 m, 10 25' 55 N, 084 00' 32 W, LN535500, 268000), A. steineri Erwin n. sp. (COSTA RICA. HEREDIA, Estaci n Biol gica La Selva, 3.0 km S Puerto Viejo, Finca La Selva, 50 150 m, 10 25' 55 N, 084 00' 32 W, LN535500, 268000). Two new species of Hyboptera Chaudoir 1872 are described: H. apollonia Erwin n. sp. (PANAM , COL N, Porto Bello, 113 m, 09 33' 0 N, 079 39' 0 W), H. auxiliadora Erwin n. sp. (USA. TEXAS, Hidalgo County, Mission; Bentsen State Park, 26 10' 22" N, 098 22' 56" W). Alkestis Liebke 1939 is a nomen dubium and possible junior synonym of Lelis Chaudoir 1869. Aspasiola rutilans ignea Bates 1883 is changed to full species, Aspasiola ignea Bates new status. Pseudolebia Basilewsky 1942 is NOT a synonym of Onota Chaudoir 1872. Pseudometabletus Liebke 1930 is a junior synonym of Cylindronotum Putzeys 1846. Pseudotoglossa rufitarsis nigrescens Mateu 1961:177 is a junior synonym of Pseudotoglossa terminalis (Chaudoir). An identification key is provided to the genera of the Cryptobatida Group and additional keys are provided for those genera with more than one species occurring in Costa Rica. Distribution data is provided for all species including their known occurrence outside of Costa Rica in adjacent Panam and Nicaragua, and other countries. Adults of species of Aspasiola, Cryptobatis, Otoglossa and Hyboptera are known to occur on shelf fungi on rotting logs and have also been fogged from the canopy of tropical trees (which probably contained shelf fungi on dead branches); adults of species of Cylindronotum, Onota, Pseudotoglossa, Valeriaaschero have also been fogged from the canopy of tropical trees and likely adults of Onota and Pseudotoglossa collected from rotten logs were associated with fungi.
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FERNÁNDEZ, FERNANDO, and ROBERTO J. GUERRERO. "Technomyrmex (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) in the New World: synopsis and description of a new species." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 34, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v34i1.9261.
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A synopsis of dolichoderine ants of the genus Technomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the New World is offered including notes, keys, pictures of all known species, and the description of T. gorgona sp. n. from SW Colombia. This is the first record of the genus from continental South America. Currently Technomyrmex comprises six species (two extinct, marked by *) in the New World: *T. caritatis Brandão & Baroni Urbani (Dominican amber), T. difficilis Forel (tramp species collected in Washington, Puerto Rico, Antigua and Nevis), T. fulvus (Wheeler) (Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia), T. gorgona sp. n. (Colombia), the first record for Colombia and South America, *T. hispaniolae (Wilson) (Dominican amber) and T. vitiensis Mann (tramp species collected in California).
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CHÁVEZ-LÓPEZ, YESSICA. "New species and new records of Phragmatopoma (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from Tropical America." Zootaxa 4845, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 301–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4845.3.1.
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The genus Phragmatopoma included, until now, only four valid species with distributions in Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic. Since most taxonomic studies of Phragmatopoma include poor and uninformative descriptions, the aim of this work was to expand previous descriptions of the sabellariids of Phragmatopoma genus from Tropical America. Sabellariids from two Mexican collections, the Reference Collection of El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, and Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados Marinos (LABSIM), Universidad del Mar, Puerto Ángel, were revised. Six hundred sixty-six specimens were revised, and eight species were identified. Three new species are proposed: Phragmatopoma balbinae n. sp., from southern Mexican Pacific, P. carlosi n. sp., from northern Mexican Pacific and P. villalobosi n. sp., from Pacific of Costa Rica. Another morphospecies, Phragmatopoma sp., from Pacific of Costa Rica is characterized; however, it is only one specimen. Two species, Phragmatopoma digitata and P. peruensis, previously buried in the synonyms of P. virgini (type locality: Straits of Magellan, Chile), are considered as valid species. Also, new records of P. californica and P. caudata were made in Baja California and Veracruz, respectively. Additionally, the use of standard terminology for the description of opercular paleae and chaetae is proposed.
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Werding, Bernd, and Alexandra Hiller. "Description of a new species of Pachycheles (Decapoda, Anomura, Porcellanidae) from the southern Caribbean Sea." Crustaceana 90, no. 7-10 (2017): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003684.
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A new species of porcellanid crab from the southern Caribbean Sea is described. Pachycheles tuerkayi n. sp. has been confused with P. serratus (Benedict, 1901) since the 1950s because the two species are morphologically and ecologically similar and have overlapping distributions in the southern Caribbean. P. tuerkayi n. sp. is restricted to the coasts of Costa Rica, Panamá and Colombia. P. serratus ranges from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands to the coasts of Panamá, Colombia and Venezuela. Genetic differences based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene from the two species surpassed those estimated for geminate porcellanids on each side of the Isthmus of Panamá. Field observations where P. tuerkayi n. sp. and P. serratus overlap indicated that the two species come into contact when sharing the same substrate. The total number of porcellanid species in the western Atlantic rises to 50.
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BUENAVENTURA, ELIANA, and THOMAS PAPE. "Revision of the New World genus Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)." Zootaxa 3622, no. 1 (March 11, 2013): 1–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3622.1.1.
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The New Worldand largely Neotropical genus Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 is revised with a key to all species. Peckia is considered a senior synonym of Guanoxipha Lehrer, 2012, n. syn. and of Sarcodexia Townsend, 1892, n. syn., the first one under Squamatodes Curran and the latter maintained as a valid subgenus, which here is redefined giving the new generic combinations Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830), n. comb. and P. (S.) notata (Lopes, 1935), n. comb.; and the new subgeneric affiliations P. (S.) aequata (Wulp, 1895), P. (S.) chirotheca (Hall, 1933), P. (S.) dominicana (Lopes, 1982), P. (S.) florencioi (Prado & Fonseca, 1932), P. (S.) roppai (Lopes & Tibana, 1982) and P. (S.) tridentata (Hall, 1937). Peckia virgo (Pape, 1994) is transferred from subgenus Euboettcheria Townsend, 1927 to subgenus Squamatodes Curran, 1927. Sarcophaga adolenda Lopes, 1935 is transferred from its current position in Peckia to the genus Retrocitomyia Lopes, 1982, n. comb. A total of 67 species are recognized and grouped in the subgenera Euboettcheria, Pattonella Enderlein, 1928, Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (sensu stricto), Sarcodexia and Squamatodes. Nine new species are described, viz., Peckia (Euboettcheria) santamariae n. sp. (Colombia), Peckia (Euboettcheria) cacao n. sp. (Costa Rica), Peckia (Euboettcheria) calixtoi n. sp. (Puerto Rico), Peckia (Euboettcheria) hernandosi n. sp. (Ecuador), Peckia (Pattonella) kladosoides n. sp. (Colombia), Peckia (Peckia) cocopex n. sp. (Costa Rica: Cocos Island), Peckia (Peckia) sarmientoi n. sp. (Ecuador), Peckia (Peckia) rosalbae n. sp. (Colombia) and Peckia (Sarcodexia) cocos n. sp. (Costa Rica: Cocos Island). The following new synonymies are proposed as junior synonyms under their respective species: under Peckia (Euboettcheria) tridentata (Hall, 1937) is Euboettcheria alvarengai Lopes & Tibana, 1982, n. syn.; under Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) is Paraphrissopoda hugolopesiana Lehrer, 2006, n. syn.; under Peckia (Peckia) pexata (Wulp, 1895) are Sarcophaga concinnata Williston, 1896, n. syn., Sarcophaga otiosa Williston, 1896, n. syn. and Paraphrissopoda catiae Lehrer, 2006, n. syn.; under Peckia (Peckia) rubella (Wiedemann, 1830) is Sarcophaga capitata Aldrich, 1916, n. syn. and under Peckia (Squamatodes) trivittata (Curran, 1927) is Squamatodes stahli Dodge, 1966, n. syn. Lectotypes are designated for Sarcophaga aequata Wulp, 1895, Sarcophaga concinnata Williston, 1896, Sarcophaga otiosa Williston, 1896 and Sarcophaga volucris Wulp, 1895. Paraphrissopoda alvesia Lehrer, 2006 is deemed an unavailable name as no depository was given for the putative type material.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of Epimetopus Lacordaire, the New World hooded shore beetles (Coleoptera: Epimetopidae)." Zootaxa 3531, no. 1 (October 30, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3531.1.1.
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The New World genus Epimetopus Lacordaire, 1854, is revised, based on the examination and databasing of 2,470specimens. New collection records are provided for 15 previously described species, and 36 new species aredescribed. The Epimetopus fauna now comprises 56 species, of which 37 are restricted to South America, 17 are onlyfound north of South America, and only two species are known from both areas. Epimetopus ranges from Argentinato Arizona and Arkansas, but there are no records from the Amazon basin. The genus is divided into seven speciesgroups, five of which are newly delineated. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (onlineversions in color), geographic distributions of all species are mapped, and male genitalia of primary types areillustrated. The morphology of the underside of the pronotal hood is described and illustrated for the first time. Onenew synonomy is proposed, placing E. leechi Rocha as a junior synonym of E. balfourbrownei Rocha. New speciesof Epimetopus are: E. acuminatus (Guatemala: El Progresso, km. 69 on C. A. 9); E. angustus (Ecuador: Napo, Tena);E. arcuatus (Paraguay: Dep. Concepcion, Arroyo Toro Paso, Unterlauf ); E. arizonicus (USA: Arizona, Pajarito Mts.,Sycamore Canyon); E. ballatoris (Venezuela: Tachira State, El Tama National Park); E. bifidus (Mexico: Oaxaca,Tapanatepec, 8 mi. W Oaxaca); E. clandestinus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. clypeatus (Guyana: Region 8,Iwokrama Forest, 1 km W Kurupukan); E. coleuncus (Argentina: Tucuman, Departamento de Burruyacu, Rio Salas);E. deceptus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. ecuadorensis (Ecuador: Napo, 17 km SW Tena); E. fimbriatus (Brazil:Mato Grosso, São Felix); E. inaequalis (Ecuador: Napo, Tena); E. lanceolatulus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E.lanceolatus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. latilobus (Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde area); E. latisoides(Panama: Canal Zone, 12.0 mi NW Gamboa); E. latus (Colombia: Cesar, Pueblo Bello, Sierra de Santa Marta); E.lobilatus (Costa Rica: Limon, Reventazon, Hamburg Farm); E. microporus (Panama: Panama Province, Rio Mamoniat PanAm Hwy); E. mucronatus (Honduras: Rio Humuya NW Comayagua); E. multiportus (Uruguay: 90 km SWArtigas); E. oaxacus (Mexico: Oaxaca, Tapanatepec, 8 mi. W Oaxaca); E. peruvianus (Peru: Ayacucho, La Mar, SantaRosa); E. plicatus (Venezuela: Tachira State, El Tama National Park); E. rectus (Costa Rica: Heredia, OTS La SelvaField Sta., Puerto Viejo de Sarapique, Rio Puerto Viejo); E. robustus (Panama: Canal Zone, 4.1 mi NW Gamboa, RioFrijoles); E. spatulus (Peru: Madre de Dios, Pantiacolla Lodge, Monk Saki Trail, Alto Madre de Dios River); E.steineri (Ecuador: Napo, Tena); surinamensis (Suriname: Sipaliwini District, Camp 3, Wehepai); E. transversoides(Peru: Madre de Dios, Pantiacolla Lodge, Monk Saki Trail, Alto Madre de Dios River); E. transversus (Bolivia: LaPaz, Alcoche); E. tridens (Brazil: Sao Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Parque do Estado Rio Galharada); E. trilobus(Venezuela: Bolivar, Los Pijiguaos); E. venezuelensis (Venezuela: Apure State, ca. 1 km N. Rio Claro); E. vulpinus (Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas).
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Levy, Catherine. "Records of the Shiny Cowbird (<em>Molothrus bonariensis</em>) in Jamaica." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 32 (November 25, 2019): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2019.32.86-90.
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Abstract: The Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) is a brood parasite native to South America that has spread across the Caribbean archipelago and North America. The species likely reached Puerto Rico before 1955, the Dominican Republic in 1972, Cuba in 1982, the Bahamas in 1984, and the Florida Keys in 1985. There are conflicting reports about the date of arrival in Jamai- ca, but the species was not definitively recorded there until 1989. In this paper, I describe observations of the species in Jamaica and document its spread across the island.
Keywords: invasive birds, Jamaica, Molothrus bonariensis, Shiny Cowbird
Resumen: Registros de Molothrus bonariensis en Jamaica—Molothrus bonariensis es un para?sito de cri?a nativo de Ame?rica del Sur que se ha extendido por todo el archipie?lago del Caribe y Ame?rica del Norte. La especie probablemente llego? a Puerto Rico antes de 1955, la Repu?blica Dominicana en 1972, Cuba en 1982, Las Bahamas en 1984 y los cayos de la Florida en 1985. Hay in- formes contradictorios sobre la fecha de llegada a Jamaica, aunque la especie no fue registrada definitivamente hasta 1989. En este documento, describo las observaciones de la especie en Jamaica y documento su proliferacio?n en toda la isla.
Palabras clave: aves invasoras, Jamaica, Molothrus bonariensis
Résumé: Mentions de Vacher luisant (Molothrus bonariensis) en Jamai?que—Le Vacher luisant (Molothrus bonariensis) est une espe?ce parasite des couve?es originaire d’Ame?rique du Sud qui s’est re?pandue dans la Carai?be et en Ame?rique du Nord. L’espe?ce a probablement atteint Porto Rico avant 1955, la Re?publique dominicaine en 1972, Cuba en 1982, les Bahamas en 1984 et les Keys de Floride en 1985. Il existe des donne?es contradictoires sur la date d’arrive?e en Jamai?que, mais l’espe?ce n’a e?te? formelle- ment enregistre?e dans ce pays qu’en 1989. Le pre?sent article de?crit les observations de l’espe?ce en Jamai?que et documente sa dispersion a? travers l'i?le.
Mots clés: Jamai?que, Molothrus bonariensis, oiseaux envahissants, Vacher luisant
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Villegas Arguedas, Juan Carlos. "Diversidad de peces de agua dulce en la zona costera de los distritos Bahía Ballena y Puerto Cortés del cantón de Osa, zona sur de Costa Rica." Posgrado y Sociedad. Revista Electrónica del Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado 17, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/rpys.v17i2.2201.
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Con el objetivo de conocer la diversidad de peces de agua dulce, se determinó su estructura y composición taxonómica, en ríos cercanos a la costa, en Bahía Ballena y Puerto Cortés, en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Mediante la pesca eléctrica, se colectaron 162 individuos pertenecientes a 12 especies y a 7 familias en cuatro estaciones de muestreo. La talla mínima (longitud estándar, LS) correspondió a un individuo de Sicydium salvini en el Río Morete (1,70 mm). La talla máxima correspondió a un individuo de la especie Awaous transandeanus en el Río Coronado (22,60 mm). Cinco especies fueron dominantes con 86,42% del total de las capturas. Tanto el Río Coronado como la Quebrada Ballena registraron 8 especies; el Río Morete, 6; mientras que el Río Tortuga registró 7 especies. La mayor cantidad de individuos se colectaron en el Río Coronado (n = 53), seguido por Quebrada Ballena (n = 41), el Río Morete o Higuerón (n = 35), mientras que el menor número de individuos se registró en el Río Tortuga (n = 33). El reemplazo de especies entre sitios puede considerarse alto; se registró la compartición en los ensamblajes taxonómicos entre sitios en 76,31% (Quebrada Ballena y Río Morete) –estos dos sitios son los más similares‒ y 35,29% (Río Morete y Río Tortuga). La diversidad alfa por sitios de muestreo fue baja; la mayor se registró en el Río Tortuga (H´ = 1,81), mientras que la más baja se registró en el Río Morete (H´ = 1,19). En general, la ictiodiversidad de estos ríos, y en esta región, es relativamente homogénea, con dominancia de especies estuarinas (periféricas) y dulceacuícolas secundarias.
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Duarte-Fajardo, María Alejandra, Dalia C. Barragán-Barrera, Camilo A. Correa-Cárdenas, Betzi Pérez-Ortega, Nohelia Farías-Curtidor, and Susana Caballero. "Mitochondrial DNA supports the low genetic diversity of Tursiops truncatus (Artiodactyla: Delphinidae) in Bocas del Toro, Panama and exhibits new Caribbean haplotypes." Revista de Biología Tropical 71, S4 (October 30, 2023): e57291. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is4.57291.
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Introduction: The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is one of the most studied cetaceans worldwide; however, information about the genetic structure of wild populations is scarce in some regions like Central America and the Caribbean. There are two known genetic forms identified in the Caribbean based on mitochondrial DNA Control Region (mtDNA-CR) data: the ‘inshore (or coastal) form’ and the ‘Worldwide distributed form’. In general, the inshore form refers to coastal and highly philopatric populations that show low genetic diversity. Worldwide distributed form refers to highly mobile populations with coastal and oceanic individuals that do not show philopatry and usually display high genetic diversity.
Objective: To determine the preliminary genetic status of common bottlenose dolphins in La Guajira, Colombian Caribbean, using a hypervariable portion of mtDNA-CR. The obtained haplotypes were compared with samples collected in Panama (likely ‘inshore form’) and with haplotypes previously found in other areas of the Caribbean.
Methods: In 2016, a total of 26 skin samples were obtained by remote biopsy system (PAXARMS) in two locations, La Guajira (Colombia, N=7) and Bocas del Toro (Panama, N=19). DNA was extracted, samples sexed, and a segment of mtDNA-CR (~550-750 bp) was amplified by PCR. The successfully amplified DNA sequences were manually reviewed and cleaned, and subsequently compared with 44 haplotypes previously reported for the Caribbean.
Results: The mtDNA-CR sequences from Bocas del Toro shared the same unique inshore haplotype previously reported for this population, while the samples from La Guajira represented six novel haplotypes, five belonging to the Worldwide distributed form and one to the ‘inshore form.’ Population structure analysis revealed two phylogroups for the Caribbean (FST=0.1353, ΦST=0.3330) with high haplotype diversity: Panama(Bocas del Toro)-Bahamas-Cuba-Mexico (h=0.8489, π=4.2536 %) and Colombia-Costa Rica-Honduras-Puerto Rico (h=0.8837, π=4.2423 %).
Conclusions: These findings support the results previously reported for common bottlenose dolphins in Bocas del Toro-Panama and reinforce the need to protect this vulnerable ‘inshore’ population by treating it as a unique population management unit. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of samples collected from La Guajira dolphins provide the first insight into the genetic diversity of common bottlenose dolphins in this region, indicating the presence of both inshore and Worldwide distributed genetic forms. The potential connectivity of this last form among La Guajira-Colombia, Costa Rica, and Honduras in Central America highlights the need for more genetic and ecological studies to determine the appropriate management units for this species in Central America and the Caribbean.
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Kazantsev, S. V. "New fireflies from Puerto Rico (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)." Zoosystematica Rossica 17, no. 1 (November 23, 2008): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2008.17.1.101.
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Hemler, Elena, Martha Tamez, Jose Rodriguez Orengo, and Josiemer Mattei. "Positive Attitudes and Reasons for Consuming Legumes Are Associated with Legume Intake Among Adults in Puerto Rico." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_052.
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Abstract Objectives Legumes are a healthy staple of the traditional Puerto Rican diet. Emphasizing legume intake could be a culturally acceptable strategy for chronic disease prevention in Puerto Rico. This study aimed to investigate attitudes, reasons, intentions, and expectations about legume consumption in Puerto Rico and associations with dietary intake. Methods This study includes adult participants (30–75y) from the Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle and Diseases, who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and a legumes questionnaire (n = 206). Attitudes and reasons were assessed with a Likert scale and assigned 0 points for disagree, 1 point for neutral, and 2 points for agree. Scores were computed by summing the points for 12 attitudes or 12 reasons; higher scores indicate more positive attitudes and stronger reasons for consuming legumes. Adjusted linear regression models examined associations between each score and bean intake, rice intake, and ratio of bean to rice intake. Adjusted logistic regression models tested the associations between specific intentions and expectations about legume consumption and bean intake. Results Most participants were female (70%), Puerto Rican (80%), and lived in urban areas (90%). Participants reported consuming a median of 0.47 servings/d of beans and 0.57 servings/d of rice. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, each additional positive attitude was associated with a 0.08 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.1) servings/d higher bean intake and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.04, 1.28) higher ratio of bean to rice intake. Each additional reason to consume legumes was associated with a 0.04 (95% CI: 0.004, 0.06) servings/d higher bean intake. No other significant associations were observed for the attitudes or reasons scores, nor for expectations or intentions to consume legumes. Conclusions Having positive attitudes and more reasons for consuming legumes are associated with higher bean intake. Positive attitudes are also associated with a higher ratio of bean to rice intake. Interventions aiming to increase legume intake to prevent cardiometabolic disease in Puerto Rico should emphasize building positive attitudes and reasons for consuming legumes. Funding Sources Anonymous donations; Northarvest Bean Growers Association; FDI Clinical Research; and National Institutes of Health.
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OTERO, MIRIEL, and CHARLES R. BARTLETT. "A New Species of Abbrosoga (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae), An Endemic Puerto Rican Planthopper Genus, with an Updated Checklist of the Delphacidae of Puerto Rico." Zootaxa 4563, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.10.
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The genus Abbrosoga Caldwell (Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini) was described in Caldwell & Martorell (1951) to include the single species Abbrosoga errata Caldwell, 1951. Here, a second species, Abbrosoga multispinosa n. sp. is described. Revised diagnostics are presented for the genus and A. errata, including a key to species. A compiled list of 64 delphacid species from Puerto Rico is presented, with updated nomenclature, including the new species and a new record of Delphacodes aterrima for Puerto Rico.
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Rosario-Rodríguez, Lester J., Yadira M. Cantres-Rosario, Kelvin Carrasquillo-Carrión, Alexandra Rosa-Díaz, Ana E. Rodríguez-De Jesús, Verónica Rivera-Nieves, Eduardo L. Tosado-Rodríguez, et al. "Plasma Proteins Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Puerto Rico." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10 (May 16, 2024): 5426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105426.
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Viral strains, age, and host factors are associated with variable immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and disease severity. Puerto Ricans have a genetic mixture of races: European, African, and Native American. We hypothesized that unique host proteins/pathways are associated with COVID-19 disease severity in Puerto Rico. Following IRB approval, a total of 95 unvaccinated men and women aged 21–71 years old were recruited in Puerto Rico from 2020–2021. Plasma samples were collected from COVID-19-positive subjects (n = 39) and COVID-19-negative individuals (n = 56) during acute disease. COVID-19-positive individuals were stratified based on symptomatology as follows: mild (n = 18), moderate (n = 13), and severe (n = 8). Quantitative proteomics was performed in plasma samples using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. Labeled peptides were subjected to LC/MS/MS and analyzed by Proteome Discoverer (version 2.5), Limma software (version 3.41.15), and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA, version 22.0.2). Cytokines were quantified using a human cytokine array. Proteomics analyses of severely affected COVID-19-positive individuals revealed 58 differentially expressed proteins. Cadherin-13, which participates in synaptogenesis, was downregulated in severe patients and validated by ELISA. Cytokine immunoassay showed that TNF-α levels decreased with disease severity. This study uncovers potential host predictors of COVID-19 severity and new avenues for treatment in Puerto Ricans.
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Cadavid, M., J. C. Ángel, and J. I. Victoria. "First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccinia kuehnii in Colombia." Plant Disease 96, no. 1 (January 2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-11-0406.
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Symptoms of sugarcane orange rust were first observed in July 2010 on sugarcane (interspecific hybrid of Saccharum L. species) cv. CC 01-1884 planted in the La Cabaña Sugar Mill, Puerto Tejada, Colombia. Morphological features of uredinial lesions and urediniospores inspected with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy were distinct from common rust of sugarcane caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd., revealing spores identical morphologically to those described for the fungus P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler, causal agent of sugarcane orange rust (1,3). Uredinial lesions were orange and distinctly lighter in color than pustules of P. melanocephala. Urediniospores were orange to light cinnamon brown, mostly ovoid to pyriform, variable in size (27.3 to 39.2 × 16.7 to 21.2 μm), with pronounced apical wall and moderately echinulate with spines evenly distributed. Paraphyses, telia, and teliospores were not observed. Species-specific PCR primers designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1, ITS2, and 5.8S rDNA regions of P. melanocephala and P. kuehnii were used to differentiate the two species (2). The primers Pm1-F and Pm1-R amplified a 480-bp product from P. melanocepahala DNA in leaf samples with symptoms of common rust. By contrast, the primers Pk1-F and Pk1-R generated a 527-bp product from presumed P. kuehnii DNA in leaf samples with signs of orange rust, confirming the identity as P. kuehnii. The Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar de Colombia (Cenicaña) started a survey of different cultivars in nurseries and experimental and commercial fields in the Cauca River Valley and collected leaf samples for additional analyses. Experimental cvs. CC 01-1884, CC 01-1866, and CC 01-1305 were found to be highly susceptible to orange rust and were eliminated from regional trials, whereas commercial cvs. CC 85-92 and CC 84-75, the most widely grown cultivars, were resistant. With the discovery of orange rust of sugarcane in Colombia, Cenicaña has incorporated orange rust resistance in the selection and development of new cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. kuehnii on sugarcane in Colombia. Orange rust has also been reported from the United States, Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Brazil. References: (1) J. C. Comstock et al. Plant Dis. 92:175, 2008. (2) N. C. Glynn et al. Plant Pathol. 59:703, 2010. (3) E. V. Virtudazo et al. Mycoscience 42:167, 2001.
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Zambrana-Echevarría, Cristina, Lorriane De Jesús-Kim, Rocio Márquez-Karry, Dimuth Siritunga, and David Jenkins. "Diversity of Papaya ringspot virus Isolates in Puerto Rico." HortScience 51, no. 4 (April 2016): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.4.362.
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Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) devastates papaya production worldwide. In Puerto Rico, papaya fields can be completely infected with PRSV within a year of planting. Information about the diversity of the Puerto Rican PRSV (PR-PRSV) population is relevant to establish a control strategy in the island. The coat protein gene (cp) of PRSV was sequenced from 62 isolates from different regions in Puerto Rico. The viral population of PRSV in Puerto Rico has 4% nucleotide and 5% amino acid diversity. Analysis of the coat protein (CP) amino acid sequence showed a variable amino terminal (N-terminal) region with a conserved aphid transmission motif and a variable EK repeat region. The core and carboxyl terminal (C-terminal) region were conserved. In the phylogenetic analysis, Puerto Rican isolates grouped independently of their geographical origin, with the exception of southern isolates that formed two separate subgroups and were the most divergent. Sequences of the cp from the Puerto Rican isolates, when compared with sequences from other countries, showed least genetic distance with isolates from the United States and Australia, followed by other American and Caribbean isolates. The U.S. and Australian isolates are sister taxa to the Puerto Rican isolates in the phylogenetic tree. This suggests that PRSV from Puerto Rico and the isolates from the United States and Australia have a common origin thought to be from a Mexican population.
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De Jesús-Rojas, Wilfredo, José Muñiz-Hernández, Francisco Alvarado-Huerta, Jesús M. Meléndez-Montañez, Arnaldo J. Santos-López, and Ricardo A. Mosquera. "The Genetics of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Puerto Rico." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051127.
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Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) has been linked to more than 50 genes that cause a spectrum of clinical symptoms, including newborn respiratory distress, sinopulmonary infections, and laterality abnormalities. Although the RSPH4A (c.921+3_6delAAGT) pathogenic variant has been related to Hispanic groups with Puerto Rican ancestry, it is uncertain how frequently other PCD-implicated genes are present on the island. A retrospective chart review of n = 127 genetic reports from Puerto Rican subjects who underwent genetic screening for PCD variants was conducted from 2018 to 2022. Of 127 subjects, 29.1% subjects presented PCD pathogenic variants, and 13.4% were homozygous for the RSPH4A (c.921+3_6delAAGT) founder mutation. The most common pathogenic variants were in RSPH4A and ZMYND10 genes. A description of the frequency and geographic distribution of implicated PCD pathogenic variants in Puerto Rico is presented. Our findings reconfirm that the presence of PCD in Puerto Rico is predominantly due to a founder pathogenic variant in the RSPH4A (c.921+3_6delAAGT) splice site. Understanding the frequency of PCD genetic variants in Puerto Rico is essential to map a future genotype-phenotype PCD spectrum in Puerto Rican Hispanics with a heterogeneous ancestry.
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Davis, Rachel E., Sunghee Lee, Timothy P. Johnson, and Steven K. Rothschild. "Measuring the Elusive Construct of Personalismo Among Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American Adults." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 41, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986318822535.
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Personalismo may have a broad influence on the well-being of U.S. Latinos by shaping social networks and, in turn, access to information and resources. However, research on personalismo is currently constrained by the lack of a psychometrically sound measure of this cultural construct. This research used a mixed-methods approach to develop a personalismo scale across three studies: a cognitive interviewing study with Mexican American adults ( n = 33); a cognitive interviewing study with non-Latino White, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults ( n = 61); and a psychometric telephone survey with Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults ( n = 1,296). The final, 12-item scale had high internal consistency reliability and appears to be appropriate for use with Mexican American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban American adults. Significant differences emerged across Latino subgroups, with higher personalismo observed among Cuban Americans and female respondents, providing empirical evidence of cultural heterogeneity among U.S. Latino populations.
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Herbst, Hans-Volkmar. "Neue marine Cyclopoida Gnathostoma (Crustacea, Copepoda) von Puerto Rico." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 59, no. 1 (1989): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-05901004.
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Im flachen Litoral der Küste von Puerto Rico (Westindische Inseln) wurden im Riff von Cayo Enrique in Kolonien der Koralle Ricordea florida Duch. & Mich. wenige Cyclopoida Gnathostoma gesammelt, die zu den Pterinopsyllinae und Euryteinae gehören. Es handelt sich um die folgenden Arten: Pterinopsyllus insularis n. sp., Euryte grata n. sp. und Ancheuryte notabilis n. g., n. sp.
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Lugo, Ariel E., and Peter G. Murphy. "Nutrient dynamics of a Puerto Rican subtropical dry forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 2, no. 1 (February 1986): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400000602.
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ABSTRACTThe distribution of the nutrients N, P and K in soil and vegetation and their mobility through litterfall and decomposition in mature and successional stands of a subtropical dry forest were studied in Guánica, Puerto Rico. Soils of the Guánica forest have high total amounts of N (9100 kg/ha), P (1820 kg/ha), and K (7460 kg/ha). However, high extractable Ca (>4000 mg/g) and pH (> 7–8) may explain why only 1.3 and 25% of the total P and K, respectively, were extractable. Total ecosystem storage of N, P and K was 10,300, 1900 and 7700 kg/ha, respectively, of which vegetation stored only 10, 2 and 3%, respectively. Litterfall returned 26, 18 and 180% per year of the N, P and K stored in the ground litter compartment. Trees retranslocated about 30 and 65% of the N and P required to satisfy aboveground net primary production and immobilized P in dead roots. Slow leaf decomposition (7.3 yr for 95% decomposition) released K faster than mass, P as fast as mass, and ash and N slower than mass. The use efficiency of P by litterfall was high compared with other tropical forests, while that of N and K was similar to other tropical and temperate forests. Cutting and regrowth of vegetation resulted in differences in the nutrient concentration in litterfall and nutrient use efficiency of successional vegetation.
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Torres, Marcos. "La Educación a Distancia en Puerto Rico: La Oferta en Línea hasta Otoño 2010." HETS Online Journal 3, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55420/2693.9193.v3.n2.136.
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En este arti?culo se describe la oferta universitaria a distancia de grados de asociado, bachillerato y maestri?a acreditados por el Consejo de Educacio?n Superior (CES) de Puerto Rico para oton?o 2010. En el mismo se identifican las instituciones, las disciplinas y el nivel de los programas que se ofrecen bajo esta modalidad de ensen?anza. Los hallazgos revelaron que para oton?o 2010, la oferta a distancia en Puerto Rico consisti?a de 63 programas acade?micos. El 60% de esta oferta correspondi?a al sistema de la Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico. Por otra parte, se encontro? que 44 de los 63 (70%) programas que se ofrecen bajo esta modalidad corresponden a programas en las disciplinas de empresas y educacio?n. Tambie?n se encontro? que la mitad de todos los ofrecimientos a distancia correspondi?a al nivel graduado.
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Ma, Xian-Yong, Wei Qiao Qiu, Caren E. Smith, Laurence D. Parnell, Zong-Yong Jiang, Jose M. Ordovas, Katherine L. Tucker, and Chao-Qiang Lai. "Association betweenBDNFrs6265 and Obesity in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study." Journal of Obesity 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/102942.
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with regulation of body weight and appetite. The goal of this study was to examine the interactions of a functional variant (rs6265) in theBDNFgene with dietary intake for obesity traits in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.BDNFrs6265 was genotyped in 1147 Puerto Rican adults and examined for association with obesity-related traits. Men (n=242) with the GG genotype had higher BMI (P=0.009), waist circumference (P=0.002), hip (P=0.002), and weight (P=0.03) than GA or AA carriers (n=94). They had twice the risk of being overweight (BMI≥25) relative to GA or AA carriers (OR = 2.08, CI = 1.02–4.23, andP=0.043). Interactions between rs6265 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake were associated with BMI, hip, and weight, and n-3 : n-6 PUFA ratio with waist circumference in men. In contrast, women (n=595) with the GG genotype had significantly lower BMI (P=0.009), hip (P=0.029), and weight (P=0.027) than GA or AA carriers (n=216). Women with the GG genotype were 50% less likely to be overweight compared to GA or AA carriers (OR = 0.05, CI = 0.27–0.91, andP=0.024). In summary,BDNFrs6265 is differentially associated with obesity risk by sex and interacts with PUFA intake influencing obesity traits in Boston Puerto Rican men.
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Robles, Víctor. "La educación presencial, a distancia y el uso de las TIC en Puerto Rico y República Dominicana." HETS Online Journal 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2013): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.55420/2693.9193.v4.n1.147.
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Este arti?culo recoge los principales acontecimientos cronolo?gicos ocurridos en la educacio?n superior y a distancia, haciendo un e?nfasis en el uso de la tecnologi?a, en Repu?blica Dominicana (R.D.) y Puerto Rico (P.R.) desde la e?poca colonial hasta el presente. Las influencias y ori?genes en aspectos de educacio?n general de Repu?blica Dominicana y Puerto Rico tienen bases y sistemas diferentes; ya que uno, en el caso de Puerto Rico, tiene sus rai?ces en el sistema educativo norteamericano y el otro, entie?ndase Repu?blica Dominicana, proviene de Europa, no obstante en la Educacio?n a Distancia, el asunto es un poco diferente, la misma es universal y casi todos los pai?ses tienen en comu?n un propo?sito, el cual es anular las barreras de la distancia y proveer educacio?n de excelencia a aquellos que por alguna razo?n u otra no pueden estar fi?sicamente en un lugar especi?fico para tomar sus clases. Ambos pai?ses tienen similitudes en co?mo han desarrollado e implementado el uso de las Tecnologi?a de Informacio?n y la Comunicacio?n (TIC) en la Educacio?n a Distancia (EaD).
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Sohl, Norman F. "Upper Cretaceous gastropods (Fissurellidae, Haliotidae, Scissurellidae) from Puerto Rico and Jamaica." Journal of Paleontology 66, no. 3 (May 1992): 414–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000033977.
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The fissurellid, haliotid, and scissurellid gastropods described herein are representatives of a diverse, but poorly documented, molluscan assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous carbonate-platform deposits of the Caribbean Faunal Province. Among the Fissurellidae, the Emarginulinae are represented by Emarginula pojetai n. sp., E. marchmontensis n. sp., E. sp., Puncturella (Alatrix) leesi n. sp., and P. (A.) sp.; the Diodorinae by Diodora decussata n. sp., Diodora hazeli n. sp., Diodora? pedinostoma n. sp., and D. sp.; the Fissurellinae by Fissurella kollmanni n. sp. Haliotis antillesensis n. sp. is only the second verifiable member of the family Haliotidae to be described from the Cretaceous and Scissurella marchmontensis n. sp. represents the first record of the Scissurellidae in that period.
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Porrata, Jose Luis, Abraham Rosa, and Viviana Mendez. "Scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for a Sample of Children and Adolescents Receiving Psychological Treatment in Puerto Rico." Psychological Reports 93, no. 1 (August 2003): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.1.35.
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Personality questionnaire scores obtained by children and adolescents ( n = 28) receiving psychological treatment at a health facility in Humacao, Puerto Rico were examined. The scores were compared with those of regular school children of the same age, of Gurabo, Puerto Rico, who were not in treatment ( n = 30). The children in treatment obtained higher scores on Psychoticism, lower scores on Extraversion, and similar scores on Neuroticism and Dissimulation by comparison with regular students.
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Hosler, Akiko S., and Thomas A. Melnik. "Population-Based Assessment of Diabetes Care and Self-management Among Puerto Rican Adults in New York City." Diabetes Educator 31, no. 3 (May 2005): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721705276580.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the status of diabetes medical care and self-management among adult Puerto Ricans in New York City. Methods A random-digit-dialing telephone survey with a dual-frame sampling design was employed to obtain a probability sample of adult Puerto Ricans with diagnosed diabetes (n = 606). Demographic characteristics, health status, and indicators of diabetes medical care and self- management were collected using the standard Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire. A statewide sample of adults with diagnosed diabetes (n = 232) was obtained from the BRFSS for comparison. Results Compared to New York State adults, Puerto Ricans were significantly less likely to receive annual A1C testing (72.7% vs 84.9%), cholesterol testing (67.5% vs 87.2%), blood-pressure-lowering medication (82.4% vs 91.9%), and pneumococcal vaccination (19.3% vs 28.5%, among those aged 18 to 64 years). Puerto Ricans were also less likely to take aspirin every day or every other day to prevent cardiovascular complications (30.6% vs 40.7%). Puerto Ricans were younger and more likely to have lower educational attainment and lower income than New York State adults, but they were not significantly disadvantaged in access to health care indicated by rates of health insurance coverage, having a particular place for medical care, and frequencies of seeing a provider for diabetes. Conclusions These findings support the need to introduce culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate diabetes education programs for Puerto Ricans and continue system-based diabetes care quality improvement efforts in the areas of prevention and control of cardiovascular complications, adult immunization, and A1C testing.
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Gonzalez, V., M. Velez, E. Pedro, C. Cruz, M. Cotto, M. Colon, J. Romaguera, C. Chevere-Mourino, L. A. Delgado- Mateu, and M. Tirado-Gomez. "Identification of supportive care needs in a sample of Puerto Rican cancer patients with the Supportive Care Needs Survey-34 (SCNS-34)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20697-e20697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20697.
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e20697 Background: The assessment of supportive care needs is important in the management of cancer patients. The Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-34) was administered to a population of Puerto Rican cancer patients to assess their perceived needs in five domains (psychological, health system and information, physical and daily living, patient care and support, and sexuality.) Methods: Patients attending the surgical, radiation and medical oncology clinics at the Puerto Rico Medical Center participated in the study. After informed consent, patients completed the Spanish- Puerto Rican translation of the SCNS-34. A second instrument to measure the quality of the SCNS-34 was administered. Demographic and clinical data was obtained from medical records. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess correlation between reported needs and demographic and clinical data. To assess the validity and consistency of the Spanish Puerto Rican translation of the SCNS-34, the Cronbach's alpha test was used. Results: A total of 103 patients participated in the study (female n=66; male n=37). Median age was 54 years. The most common malignancies were breast cancer (29 patients), gynecologic cancers (22 patients), prostate cancer (17 patients) and gastrointestinal cancers (14 patients). The overall internal consistency of the instrument was 0.882. Patients perceived needs were highest in the domains of sexuality (67%), physical and daily living (55.3%), and psychological (38.8%). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that younger age was an independent predictor of perceived needs in the psychologic domain (p=0.010). Also, a diagnosis of breast cancer was a significant predictor of perceived needs in the health system and information domain (p=0.020). Being a female was correlated with reporting needs in the domain of physical and daily living (p=0.009). Educated patients were more prone to perceive needs in the domains of sexuality (p=0.045). Conclusions: The Spanish- Puerto Rican translation of the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-34) showed satisfactory internal consistency and validity. The supportive care needs of Puerto Ricans cancer patients seem to be affected by age, gender, and cancer site. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ortiz Márquez, Maribel, and Vanessa Vilches Norat. "GUADALUPE SANTA CRUZ EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE PUERTO RICO; TESTIMONIO." Revista Iberoamericana 86, no. 273 (November 12, 2020): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/reviberoamer.2020.8006.
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Rooney-Latham, S., and J. F. Bischoff. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera euphorbiae-hirtae on Euphorbia tithymaloides in California." Plant Disease 96, no. 12 (December 2012): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0461-pdn.
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Euphorbia tithymaloides (Euphorbiaceae; known as ‘Jacob's ladder,’ ‘Devil's Backbone’) is a perennial, succulent spurge, grown primarily as a border plant in ornamental landscapes. In June 2011 and February 2012, the California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostics Lab, Sacramento, CA, received an unusual powdery mildew sample on greenhouse-grown E. tithymaloides from a Ventura County, CA nursery. Disease incidence at the nursery was 100%. White mycelial patches were present on the stems and on both sides of the leaves. Over time, heavily infected branches defoliated and brownish, roughened, scabby lesions developed on the stems. Hyphae were thin-walled, up to 8 μm wide and developed nipple-shaped appressoria. Ellipsoid-ovoid conidia measured 21.0 to 32.5 × 13 to 18 μm (avg. 26.4 × 13.9 μm, n = 20) and formed in chains. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified with primers PFITS-F and PF5.8-R (4). The 387-bp sequence (GenBank JX006103) was 99% similar (346/347 bp) to Podosphaera euphorbia-hirtae (AB040306) from Acalypha australis (Euphorbiaceae) (3). Based on ITS similarity and culture morphology, the fungus was identified as P. euphorbiae-hirtae U. Braun & Somani (1,3). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing diseased leaves from the nursery onto the youngest leaves of three plants each of E. tithymaloides cultivars ‘Nano’ and ‘Variegated.’ Leaves of an equal number of control plants were pressed with healthy leaves. Plants were incubated in a dew chamber for 48 h after which they were transferred to a 22°C growth chamber with a 12-h photoperiod. The experiment was repeated once. White powdery mildew colonies formed after 7 days on ‘Variegated’ and 13 days on ‘Nano’. Conidia measured 27.5 to 35.0 × 11 to 15 μm (avg. 30.5 × 12.6 μm, n = 30) which was within the range of P. euphorbia-hirtae. No symptoms developed on the control plants. P. euphorbiae-hirtae has been reported in Asia and the UK on E. tithymaloides and in Asia on A. australis (2). An asexual Oidium stage on Euphorbiaceae in Asia, Africa, Australia, Florida, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the U.S. Virgin Islands may correspond to P. euphorbiae-hirtae (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. euphorbiae-hirtae in California. Following the 2011 and 2012 detections, all E. tithymaloides plants in the Ventura County, CA nursery were destroyed. A regulatory trace back survey found that the plants were shipped from a Florida supplier, which was also shown to have an outbreak of P. euphorbiae-hirtae. The original source of the Florida E. tithymaloides plants was a 2010 shipment from Costa Rica. The host range of P. euphorbiae-hirtae is restricted to three landscape species in the Euphorbiaceae. References: (1) U. Braun. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 89:143, 1987. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/index.cfm May 1, 2012. (3) T. Hirata. et al. Can. J. Bot. 78:1521, 2000. (4) R. Singh et al. Plant Dis. 93:1348, 2009.
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Ai, Amy L., La Tonya Noël, Hoa B. Appel, Bu Huang, and William E. Hefley. "Overall Health and Health Care Utilization Among Latino American Men in the United States." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 1 (September 5, 2012): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312452752.
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Although the Latino American male population is increasing, the subgroup Latino men’s health remains underinvestigated. This study examined the overall pattern of Latino male health and health care utilization in major subgroups, using a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,127) from the National Latino and Asian American Study. The authors evaluated rates of chronic, behavioral, and mental health service utilization in this first nationally representative survey. The results identified significant cross-subgroup differences in most physical and chronic conditions with Puerto Rican American men having high rates in 8 of 15 physical ailments, including life-altering conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Despite differences in racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, Cuban American men shared similar rates of heart diseases and cancer with Puerto Rican American men. In addition, Puerto Rican American men had higher rates of substance abuse than other Latinos. For health providers, the authors’ findings encourage awareness of subgroup differences regarding overall health issues of Latino American men to provide culturally appropriate care.
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Cepero, Andrea Lopez, Cynthia Pérez, Shakira Suglia, Stephanie Cameron, Adriana Franquis, William Pagán, Juan Tossas, and Vivian Colón. "Associations Between Perceived Changes in Stress, Eating, and Weight During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Puerto Rico: Assessments of Puerto Rico-CEAL." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac048.028.
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Abstract Objectives To examine the associations between perceived changes in stress, eating, and weight during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in Puerto Rico. Methods This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Puerto Rico Community Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (CEAL) study. A total of 551 adults (18 years) completed an online survey from December 30, 2021 to January 28, 2022. Three individual items assessed perceived changes in stress, eating, and weight throughout the pandemic (from March 2020 to survey completion). Response options were ‘increased’, ‘decreased’, and ‘no change’. Participants reporting decreases in stress (n = 9) were excluded from the analysis. Adjusted Poisson models with robust error variance estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using those reporting no change in stress as the reference group. All models were adjusted for age, gender, number of children in the household, education, income, employment, marital status, COVID-19 diagnosis, and pre-pandemic obesity. Results Eligible respondents with complete data on study variables (n = 495) were on average 38 + 14 years, the majority were women (73.9%), and had at least some college education (52.9%). The majority reported perceived increases in stress during the pandemic (74.7%). In adjusted regression models, a perceived increase in stress (vs. no change) was associated with perceived increases in eating (PR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.38, 2.56) and weight (PR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.54) as well as decreases in eating (PR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.30) and weight (PR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.88). Conclusions A large proportion of adults in Puerto Rico reported an increase in stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were significantly associated with changes (both increases and decreases) in eating and weight. Interventions and clinical programs targeting stress management during public health emergencies are needed to maintain healthy weight and eating habits. Funding Sources Puerto Rico-CEAL was funded by NIH-NHLBI.
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Fouhy, Liam, Sabrina Noel, Kaylea Flanagan, Kelsey Mangano, and Katherine Tucker. "A Sweets, Sugared Drink and Dairy Desserts and a Meat, Processed Meat Dietary Pattern is Associated with Higher Odds of Osteoporosis in Puerto Rican Men and Postmenopausal Women." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac054.018.
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Abstract Objectives To examine associations between empirically derived dietary patterns and osteoporosis among Puerto Rican adults. Methods Participants from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study, an ancillary study to the Boston Puerto Rican Heath Study, were included if they presented with complete bone and dietary data (n = 955, mean age = 59.9 ± 7.6 y, 71.3% female). Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD at the hip and spine. Diet was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were derived using principal components analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between patterns and odds of osteoporosis adjusting for age, height, BMI, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, and total energy intake (model 1) and model 1 plus diabetes status (model 2). Interactions by estrogen status (premenopausal or using HRT; postmenopausal and no HRT; men) were observed; however, only 4 pre-menopausal women had osteoporosis. Therefore, final models were stratified by men and postmenopausal/no HRT women. Results Prevalence of osteoporosis was 10.6%. The Meat, Processed Meat, French Fries pattern was associated with higher odds of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women only in model 1 (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01–1.91, P = 0.05). Associations were attenuated after adjusting for diabetes status (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.98–1.87, P = 0.07). The Sweets, Sugared Beverages, Dessert's pattern was associated with higher odds of osteoporosis in men in model 1 (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.05–3.69, P = 0.04) and remained significant after additional adjustment for diabetes status (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.09–4.03, P = 0.03). This pattern was not significantly associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (OR: 1.21, 95% CI; 0.89–1.65, P = 0.22). The Traditional, Rice, Beans and Oils pattern was not associated with osteoporosis. Conclusions Dietary patterns with high intakes of Sweets, Sugared Beverages and Dairy Desserts pattern (in men) and with Meat, Processed Meat and French Fries (in postmenopausal women) were associated with higher odds of osteoporosis in this Puerto Rican population. Findings suggest that recommendations to optimize bone health in this group should include messaging to limit added sugar, processed meats and fast food. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185, R01 AG027087, K01 AR067894).
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Capielo Rosario, Cristalis, Hector Y. Adames, Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas, and Roberto Renteria. "Acculturation Profiles of Central Florida Puerto Ricans: Examining the Influence of Skin Color, Perceived Ethnic-Racial Discrimination, and Neighborhood Ethnic-Racial Composition." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 556–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119835979.
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Evaluating sociocultural factors that may influence acculturation strategies rather than assuming homogeneity among different Latinx ethnic groups is important. A latent profile analysis with covariates was used to identify acculturation profiles in a sample of first-generation Central Florida Puerto Ricans ( N = 381) along bidimensional behavioral, values, and ethnic identity indicators. We examined whether three contextual covariates including (a) perceived ethnic-racial discrimination, (b) percentage of White Americans, and (c) percentage of Puerto Ricans residing in each participants’ zip code could help derive latent profile membership. Participants were categorized into three profiles. The first profile exhibited the highest levels of White American ethnic identity and high levels of Puerto Rican and White American cultural behaviors. The second profile described individuals with the lowest adherence to White American behaviors and ethnic identity. It also exhibited high attachment to Puerto Rican cultural values. The third profile exhibited high levels of Puerto Rican and White American cultural values and moderate levels of White American cultural behaviors and ethnic identity. An examination of covariates revealed that only perceived ethnic-racial discrimination had an influence on profile identification and membership, with likelihood of belonging to Profile 2 decreasing, and likelihood of belonging to Profile 1 increasing as perceived ethnic-racial discrimination increased. Perceived ethnic-racial discrimination did not influence the likelihood of Profile 3 membership. Results highlight the importance of contextualizing acculturation.
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Bigornia, Sherman, Tammy Scott, William Harris, and Katherine Tucker. "Prospective Associations of Erythrocyte Composition and Dietary Intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFA with Measures of Cognitive Function." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091253.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption is recommended as part of a healthy diet, but evidence of the impact of individual species and biological concentrations on cognitive function is limited. We examined prospective associations of PUFA erythrocyte composition and dietary intake with measures of cognitive function among participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 57 years). Erythrocyte and dietary PUFA composition were ascertained at baseline and associated with 2-year scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) (n = 1032) and cognitive domain patterns derived from a battery of tests (n = 865), as well as with incidence of cognitive impairment. Erythrocyte and dietary n-3 PUFA were not significantly associated with MMSE score. However, total erythrocyte and dietary n-3 very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), and intake of individual species, were associated with better executive function (P-trend < 0.05, for all). There was evidence that greater erythrocyte n-6 eicosadienoic acid concentration was associated with lower MMSE and executive function scores (P-trend = 0.02). Only erythrocyte arachidonic acid (ARA) concentration predicted cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio = 1.26; P = 0.01). Among Puerto Rican adults, we found that n-3 VLCFA consumption may beneficially impact executive function. Further, these findings provide some evidence that n-6 metabolism favoring greater ARA tissue incorporation, but not necessarily dietary intake, could increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Velázquez, Dámaris. "La Percepción de los Docentes de un Distrito Escolar de Puerto Rico, Sobre la Deserción Escolar y el Programa Desarrollo Educativo General (GED) en la Escuela Superior." HETS Online Journal 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2013): 102–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55420/2693.9193.v4.n1.150.
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Este estudio indago? la percepcio?n de los docentes de un distrito escolar de Puerto Rico, sobre la desercio?n escolar y el Programa Desarrollo Educativo General (GED) en la escuela superior. Permitio? conocer la percepcio?n de los docentes acerca de una serie de variables. Entre e?stas, las que describieron (a) la situacio?n de desercio?n en Puerto Rico y la gestio?n que se realiza para atender la crisis, (b) los factores que inciden en la desercio?n y la responsabilidad asociada, (c) el conocimiento de los docentes acerca del programa GED, la gestio?n que se realiza para promoverlo y los factores que inciden en que un desertor complete o no el GED; (d) la responsabilidad asociada al e?xito del programa GED en Puerto Rico y el rol social en el e?xito de los desertores. Asi? tambie?n, (e) explorar la conceptualizacio?n del te?rmino desercio?n escolar, y (f) la viabilidad de propuestas para lidiar con la crisis y aumentar la efectividad del programa GED. Entre las propuestas se ausculto? la integracio?n de las nuevas tecnologi?as y la Educacio?n a Distancia para los desertores escolares y la capacitacio?n para los docentes.
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Adelman, Brittany, Kelsey Mangano, Liam Fouhy, Xiyuan Zhang, Katherine Tucker, and Sabrina Noel. "Association between Serum Carotenoids and Bone Health in Puerto Rican Adults: The Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study (BPROS)." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab034_001.
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Abstract Objectives There is evidence to suggest that higher serum concentration of carotenoids is protective of osteoporosis, although studies have shown inconsistent findings. The majority of studies on serum carotenoids and bone have been conducted in predominantly non-Hispanic white populations. This study examined the relationship between serum total carotenoids and bone mineral density (BMD) and odds of osteoporosis among Puerto Rican older adults. Methods Data are from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study, a prospective cohort of Puerto Rican adults aged 47 to 79 y (n = 907). Serum total carotene (ug/dL) concentration was measured by fasting blood sample at baseline and 2-year follow-up. A cumulative average of the two measures was calculated. BMD (g/cm2) at the hip and lumbar spine sites were measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable analysis of covariance models tested associations between serum total carotenoids and BMD outcomes and multivariable logistic regression models examined associations with odds of osteoporosis. Models were adjusted for age, height, estrogenic (male, non-menopausal or taking hormone replacements, no estrogen) status, BMI, alcohol use, smoking status, calcium intake, and serum vitamin D and triglycerides. Results Participants were primarily female (72.1%), mean age: 59 years ± 7.4 and mean serum carotenoids: 93 ug/dL ± 34.2. Serum total carotenoids were not associated with BMD at the trochanter (β = 0.16 ± 0.13), femoral neck (β = 0.09 ± 0.13), total hip (β = −0.46 ± 0.18), or lumbar spine (β = 0.11 ± 0.14) (P = 0.16–0.50). Further, there was no association between serum carotenoids and odds of osteoporosis after adjusting for potential confounding (OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.99, 1.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that dietary factors other than total carotenoids may be more important for bone health among Puerto Rican adults. Further research is needed to confirm these results. Investigation of individual dietary carotenoids may provide additional insight into the associations with bone in this population. Funding Sources NIH (P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185, R01 AG027087). SEN is supported by K01 AR067894.
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Mangano, Kelsey, Sabrina Noel, Xiyuan Zhang, and Katherine Tucker. "Prospective Relations Between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean Diet (MeDS) Scores and Self-Report Arthritis Among Puerto Rican Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_049.
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Abstract Objectives To investigate the prospective associations of DASH and MeDS with self-reported arthritis across three time points [baseline, 2y and 6y follow-up] among Puerto Rican older adults. Methods Data are from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a prospective cohort of Puerto Rican adults aged 45 to 75 y. Individuals were included if they presented with diet and arthritis data at minimum 2/3 visits (n = 1210). Dietary quality indices (DASH and MeDS) were derived from dietary data assessed by FFQ. Participants self-reported arthritis. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to estimate multivariable hierarchical logistic regression models, accounting for multiple time points (baseline, 2y and 6y). Models were adjusted for smoking, alcohol, physical activity, sex, estrogen, education, diabetes (y/n), BMI, and age. Results Among participants with data at all timepoints (n = 958), the mean time from baseline to last follow-up was 6.2 ± 0.97y. Mean age was 63 ± 7y (range 49–81y at follow-up), 72% were women, mean BMI was 31 ± 6 kg/m2, DASH score 24.0 ± 4.3 (10–37), and MeDS 5.0 ± 1.2 (0–9). MeDS was not predictive of arthritis at follow-up in crude (fixed effects estimate: −0.016, P = 0.70) nor adjusted (−0.016, P = 0.73) models. DASH score was inversely associated with arthritis in crude models (0.032, P = 0.01); but was no longer significantly associated after controlling for confounders, including age (0.013, P = 0.39). Age was significantly associated with DASH score in final models (fixed effects estimate: 0.08, P < 0.001). However, no significant interaction of DASH score with age was observed (P = 0.31). Conclusions The current results do not support a prospective association between MeDS or DASH score with self-reported arthritis among Puerto Rican adults. Previous studies suggest higher dietary quality is protective of arthritis, particularly in younger cohorts (<55y). Future studies are needed to determine if early intervention with DASH is more predictive of arthritis onset. Funding Sources P01 AG023394, P50 HL105185, R01 AG027087. SEN is supported by K01 AR067894.
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Cox, Hannah, Deborah Hartzfeld, Shawn Gessy, Christina Zaleski, and Jerry Machado. "Abstract PO1-08-08: Hereditary cancer genetic testing in Puerto Rican females." Cancer Research 84, no. 9_Supplement (May 2, 2024): PO1–08–08—PO1–08–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po1-08-08.
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Abstract Background: Puerto Rico is a Caribbean Island and unincorporated United States territory with a population of approximately 3.2 million. The incidence of breast cancer in Puerto Rico is estimated at 57.5 per 100,000 females with a mortality rate of 13.0 per 100,000 females. A recent study of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome across countries in the Caribbean reported a combined positive detection rate of 14.2% using a similar multi-gene panel to the one described here. Positive rates ranged from 5.5% to 28.3% per country, but sample sizes were limited, ranged from 61 to 298 participants per country, and did not include Puerto Rico. To provide insight into the incidence of inherited tumor predisposition syndromes in less studied populations, we analyzed the demographics and germline genetic findings for a cohort of Puerto Rican females largely ascertained based on a personal and/or family history of breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective study includes 949 consecutive female individuals who underwent genetic testing at a single clinical laboratory (PreventionGenetics LLC) using a multi-gene panel test of 29 genes associated with hereditary cancer. Clinical information was obtained from health care provider-completed test requisition forms. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with copy number variant (CNV) detection was performed on patient-derived DNA using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and Sanger sequencing as necessary. Results: The median age at testing was 55.5 years and ranged from 19.1 to 90.0 years of age. Of the total cohort, 713 (75.1%) individuals had a personal history of breast cancer with or without additional cancer types; 43 (4.5%) individuals had non-cancerous breast findings, and 49 (5.2%) individuals had a personal history of other types of cancer(s). The remaining 144 (15.2%) individuals did not specify a personal history, but the vast majority did indicate a family history of cancer (n=133; 93.8%). Comparably, 572 (60.3%) of the individuals with a personal history of cancer or of non-cancerous breast findings reported a family history of cancer. The median age at onset for breast cancer was 53 years (n=472; range=24-89 years). A total of 90 (9.5%) individuals had a pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) and 3 (0.3%) of individuals harbored the APC I1307K risk variant. Of the 90 individuals with positive findings, 31.1% had a P/LP variant in BRCA2, 28.0% in MUTYH, 11.8% in CHEK2, 7.5% in BRCA1, in 6.5% BRIP1, and 11.8% in ATM, CDKN2A, MSH6, NBN, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, and RET. The most frequently reported pathogenic variants were MUTYH p.Gly396Asp (n=20), BRCA2 p.Glu1308* (n=16), and BRCA2 p.Asn1933Lysfs*29 (n=6). A recurrent pathogenic deletion of the upstream and exon 2 region of BRCA1 was also identified in three individuals. The indeterminate and negative rates were 36.5% (n=346) and 53.7% (n=510), respectively. Conclusion: Although the present study was limited to biological females and included individuals with broader personal and family cancer histories, the positive rate is within range of those reported for other countries in the Caribbean. Interestingly, P/LP variants have been reported to be enriched in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 across other Caribbean countries; however, this was not mirrored in the pattern of positive findings for this cohort of Puerto Rican females and may suggest a distinct background for hereditary cancer predisposition in this population. Further studies are needed to understand the landscape of germline variants in this population to ensure proper surveillance and risk mitigation is applied. Citation Format: Hannah Cox, Deborah Hartzfeld, Shawn Gessy, Christina Zaleski, Jerry Machado. Hereditary cancer genetic testing in Puerto Rican females [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-08-08.
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Sotomayor-Ramírez, David, Miguel Oliveras-Berrocales, and Linda Wessel-Beaver. "Fertilizer-nitrogen Management in an Onion and Tropical Pumpkin Rotation in Puerto Rico." HortTechnology 26, no. 6 (December 2016): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03482-16.
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Onion (Allium cepa) and tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) combined contribute 13% of the total gross agricultural income (GAI) for vegetable crops in Puerto Rico, which is estimated at $54.5 million. Both crops are usually rotated on an annual basis. In this study, an onion-tropical pumpkin rotation was used to test the effect of fertilizer-nitrogen (N) on agronomic indicators of onion (plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf color index, and leaf nutrient concentration), yield of both onion and tropical pumpkin, and inorganic N changes in the soil profile. Three fertilizer-N levels (140, 196, 252 kg·ha−1) were applied to onion, followed by 112 and 280 kg·ha−1 of N applied to tropical pumpkin. For tropical pumpkin, N was applied in plots with the lowest and highest fertilizer-N levels from the previous onion crop. Changes in onion agronomic indicators with increasing N fertilization were either not significant or showed no clear trend. There was no increase in total and marketable yields and number of onions with increasing fertilizer-N levels. Tropical pumpkin yields significantly increased with 280 kg·ha−1 compared with 112 kg·ha−1 of N. Using 112 kg·ha−1 as a baseline fertilizer-N application, the value/cost ratio for tropical pumpkin was $12.70 per dollar of fertilizer-N. In low fertilizer-N plots, immediately available inorganic soil N (0 to 30 cm) did not change between the onion and tropical pumpkin crop, but then decreased at the end of the rotation. In high fertilizer-N plots, immediately available soil N greatly increased after onion, but then decreased at the end of the rotation. Potentially leachable soil N (30 to 100 cm) also increased after the onion crop and then decreased after pumpkin. However, in high fertilizer-N plots, potentially leachable soil N remained 44% higher at the end, compared with the beginning, of the rotation. The increased income attainable with the highest fertilizer-N in tropical pumpkin may be offset by greater residual soil N in the lower part of the soil profile, and the potential for this N to have a negative environmental impact.
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Irvin-Barnwell, E. A., M. Cruz, C. Maniglier-Poulet, J. Cabrera, J. Rivera Diaz, R. De La Cruz Perez, C. Forrester, et al. "Evaluating Disaster Damages and Operational Status of Health-Care Facilities During the Emergency Response Phase of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.85.
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ABSTRACTOn September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall on Puerto Rico as a category 4 storm, resulting in serious widespread impact across the island, including communication and power outages, water systems impairment, and damage to life-saving infrastructure. In collaboration with the Puerto Rico Department of Health, the Public Health Branch (PHB), operating under the Department of Health and Human Services Incident Response Coordination Team, was tasked with completing assessments of health-care facilities in Puerto Rico to determine infrastructure capabilities and post-hurricane capacity. Additionally, in response to significant data entry and presentation needs, the PHB leadership worked with the Puerto Rico Planning Board to develop and test a new app-based infrastructure capacity assessment tool. Assessments of hospitals were initiated September 28, 2017, and completed November 10, 2017 (n = 64 hospitals, 97%). Assessments of health-care centers were initiated on October 7, 2017, with 186 health-care centers (87%) assessed through November 18, 2017. All hospitals had working communications; however, 9% (n = 17) of health-care centers reported no communication capabilities. For the health-care centers, 114 (61%) reported they were operational but had sustainment needs. In conclusion, health-care facility assessments indicated structural damage issues and operational capacity decreases, while health-care centers reported loss of communication capabilities post-Hurricane Maria.
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Rossman, A. Y., R. Goenaga, and L. Keith. "First Report of Dolabra nepheliae on Rambutan and Litchi in Hawaii and Puerto Rico." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (December 2007): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1685c.
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A stem canker disease on rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae) was found in plants in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. A fungus associated with cankers was identified as Dolabra nepheliae C. Booth & Ting (1). Numerous black, stipitate, elongate ascomata were produced within cracks of cankers. These ascomata contain elongate, bitunicate asci amid unbranched, interthecial elements and thin, cylindrical, hyaline ascospores measuring 96 to 136 × 2.5 to 3.5 μm. This fungus was originally described from Malaysia on N. lappaceum (1) and is also known on pulasan (N. mutabile Blume) in Australia (2). Classified by the Food and Agriculture Organization as a ‘minor disease’, the canker appears to be relatively common in Hawaii and was most likely introduced into Puerto Rico on imported germplasm. Nevertheless, efforts are underway to study the potential damage of this disease as well as mechanisms of control, including introduction of disease resistant clones. Specimens have been deposited at the U.S. National Fungus Collections (Hawaii on Nephelium BPI 878189, Puerto Rico (PR) on Nephelium BPI 878188, and PR on Litchi BPI 878190). Although a specimen of D. nepheliae on L. chinensis was collected from Hawaii in 1984 by G. Wong and C. Hodges and deposited as BPI 626373, this fungus was not known on Nephelium spp. in Hawaii and was not previously known from Puerto Rico on either host. References: (1) C. Booth and W. P. Ting. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 47:235, 1964. (2) T. K. Lim and Y. Diczbalis. Rambutan. Page 306 in: The New Rural Industries. Online publication. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Australia, 1997.
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Capielo Rosario, Cristalís, Roberto L. Abreu, Kirsten A. Gonzalez, and Elizabeth Cardenas Bautista. "“That day no one spoke”: Florida Puerto Ricans’ Reaction to Hurricane María." Counseling Psychologist 48, no. 3 (February 15, 2020): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000019899382.
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We conducted two focus groups and four individual interviews to examine the experiences of Florida Puerto Rican adults ( N = 26) with secondary exposure to the devastation caused by Hurricane María. Results from our thematic analysis yielded four major themes and eight subthemes depicting responses to Hurricane María. Four major themes emerged across participant responses: 1) Participants’ Experience with Hurricane María, 2) Participants’ Negative Reactions to Hurricane María, 3) Participants Providing Support, and 4) Resilience and Growth. We also found that Florida Puerto Ricans’ secondary stress reactions were influenced by Puerto Rico’s political status and economic crisis. Results also indicated that participants experienced vicarious posttraumatic growth not only at the individual but also at the community level.
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Downer, Brian, Michael Crowe, and Kyriakos S. Markides. "Influence of Type II Diabetes and High Depressive Symptoms on the Likelihood for Developing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Disability and Mortality in Older Puerto Ricans." Journal of Aging and Health 29, no. 6 (May 17, 2017): 1079–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317708882.
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Objective: To examine the development of activities of daily living (ADL) disability and mortality according to diabetes and high depressive symptoms among Puerto Rican adults aged 60 and older. Method: Data came from Wave I and Wave II of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions Study ( n = 3,419). Logistic regression was used. Using insulin and receiving psychiatric treatment were proxy measures of disease severity for diabetes and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: High depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with developing ADL disability (OR = 2.21; 95% CI = [1.68, 2.91]). Diabetes at baseline was associated with mortality at follow-up (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = [1.34, 2.19]). Baseline diabetes was associated with developing ADL disability but only for those who reported using insulin (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = [1.08, 2.61]). Participants with comorbid diabetes and high depressive symptoms had the highest odds for developing ADL disability and mortality. Discussion: Diabetes and high depressive symptoms are risk factors of developing ADL disability and mortality for older Puerto Ricans.
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Horan, Holly, Melissa Cheyney, Yvette Piovanetti, and Vanessa Caldari. "La Crisis de la Atención de Maternidad: Experts’ Perspectives on the Syndemic of Poor Perinatal Health Outcomes in Puerto Rico." Human Organization 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.1.2.
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The purpose of this study was to center the voices of maternal and infant health care (MIH) clinicians and public health experts to better understand factors associated with persistently high rates of poor perinatal health outcomes in Puerto Rico. Currently, Puerto Rican physicians, midwives, and other care providers’ perspectives are absent from the literature. Guided by a syndemics framework, data were collected during eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork and through open-ended, semi-structured interviews (n=20). Three core themes emerged. The first two themes: (1) Los estresores diarios: poor nutrition, contaminated water, and psychosocial stress; and (2) Medicina defensiva: solo obstetrics and fear-based medicine, describe contributing factors to Puerto Rico’s high preterm and cesarean birth rates. The third theme: (3) Medicina integrada: midwives, doulas, and comprehensive re-education explores potential solutions to the island’s maternity care crisis that include improved integration of perinatal care services and educational initiatives for both patients and providers. Collectively, participants’ narratives expose a syndemic of poor perinatal health outcomes that emerges from the structural vulnerability generated by decades of colonial domination embedded in the daily lives of island residents and in the Puerto Rican maternity care system.
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Vélez, William, Toni Griego-Jones, and Maria Vidal de Haymes. "Puerto Rican Children on the Mainland: Interdisciplinary Perspectives.Alba N. Ambert , Marie D. Alvarez." American Journal of Sociology 99, no. 1 (July 1993): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230239.
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Carrión, Juan Manuel. "Experiencing Puerto Rican Citizenship and Cultural Nationalism, written by Jacqueline N. Font-Guzmán." New West Indian Guide 91, no. 1-2 (2017): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09101013.
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Ruiz-Deya, Gilberto, Jaime Matta, Jarline Encarnación-Medina, Carmen Ortiz-Sanchéz, Julie Dutil, Ryan Putney, Anders Berglund, Jasreman Dhillon, Youngchul Kim, and Jong Y. Park. "Differential DNA Methylation in Prostate Tumors from Puerto Rican Men." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020733.
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In 2020, approximately 191,930 new prostate cancer (PCa) cases are estimated in the United States (US). Hispanic/Latinos (H/L) are the second largest racial/ethnic group in the US. This study aims to assess methylation patterns between aggressive and indolent PCa including DNA repair genes along with ancestry proportions. Prostate tumors classified as aggressive (n = 11) and indolent (n = 13) on the basis of the Gleason score were collected. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue were annotated on H&E (Haemotoxylin and Eosin) slides and extracted by macro-dissection. Methylation patterns were assessed using the Illumina 850K DNA methylation platform. Raw data were processed using the Bioconductor package. Global ancestry proportions were estimated using ADMIXTURE (k = 3). One hundred eight genes including AOX1 were differentially methylated in tumor samples. Regarding the PCa aggressiveness, six hypermethylated genes (RREB1, FAM71F2, JMJD1C, COL5A3, RAE1, and GABRQ) and 11 hypomethylated genes (COL9A2, FAM179A, SLC17A2, PDE10A, PLEKHS1, TNNI2, OR51A4, RNF169, SPNS2, ADAMTSL5, and CYP4F12) were identified. Two significant differentially methylated DNA repair genes, JMJD1C and RNF169, were found. Ancestry proportion results for African, European, and Indigenous American were 24.1%, 64.2%, and 11.7%, respectively. The identification of DNA methylation patterns related to PCa in H/L men along with specific patterns related to aggressiveness and DNA repair constitutes a pivotal effort for the understanding of PCa in this population.
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Gonzalez-Pons, Maria, Mariela Torres, Javier Perez, Anneliese Velez, Jean Pierre Betancourt, Lorena Marcano, Marievelisse Soto-Salgado, and Marcia Cruz-Correa. "Colorectal Cancer Survival Disparities among Puerto Rican Hispanics: A Comparison to Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States." Cancer and Clinical Oncology 5, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cco.v5n2p29.
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<p class="cco-body">Purpose: Ethnic/racial disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival have been well documented. However, there is limited information regarding CRC survival among Hispanic subgroups. This study reports the 5-year relative survival and the relative risk of death of Puerto Rican Hispanic (PRH) CRC patients compared to other racial/ethnic groups in the US.</p><p class="cco-body">Methods: CRC incidence data from subjects <span style="text-decoration: underline;">></span>50 years was obtained from the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2003. Relative survival rates were calculated using the life tables from the population of Puerto Rico and SEER. A Poisson regression model was used to assess relative risk of death by stage, sex, and age.</p><p class="cco-body">Results: A total of 76,444 subjects with incident CRC were analyzed (non-Hispanic White (NHW) n=59,686; non-Hispanic black (NHB) n=7,700; US Hispanics (USH) n=5,699; PRH n=3,359). Overall and stage-specific 5-year survival rates differed by race/ethnicity. When comparing PRH to the other racial/ethnic groups, PRH had the lowest<em> </em>survival rates in regional cancers and were the only racial/ethnic group where a marked 5-year survival advantage was observed among females (66.0%) compared to males (60.3%). A comparable and significantly higher relative risk of death of CRC was observed for PRH and NHB compared to NHW.</p><p class="cco-body">Conclusions: Our findings establish baseline CRC survival data for PRH living in Puerto Rico. The gender and racial/ethnic disparities observed in PRH compared to US mainland racial/ethnic groups warrant further investigation of the risk factors affecting this Hispanic subgroup.<strong></strong></p>
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Gonzalez-Cordero, Ariel, Jorge Duconge-Soler, and Ángel López-Candales. "3321 European Ancestry as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation in Puerto Rican Hispanics." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.28.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Consequently, we have decided to evaluate the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) previously associated with AF on a European-descent population in an attempt to first identify the most common loci present in the PRH population and then search for specific PRH SNP associated with AF. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A secondary analysis of a Puerto Rican population sample (n = 120) from The Pharmacogenetics of Warfarin in Puerto Ricans Study will be performed. We will implement data from the 1000 genome project to establish a control group of healthy PRH population. Will evaluate the presence of 111 known single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AF in Europeans and determine the frequency in PRH population sample, and validate predictability of such SNPs. Using admixture informatic markers (AIM) analysis will determine the percentage of admixture by Yoruba, Native American and Iberic-European. Statistical analysis will include the use of the Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression. For admixture will use Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo models. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A higher frequency of AF associated European single nucleotide polymorphisms, and an overall higher percentage of European admixture will be associated with atrial fibrillation in Puerto Rican Hispanic patients. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our contributions here are expected to be the elucidation of European ancestry as a risk factor for AF. These contributions will be significant because it can provide a robust scientific basis for larger GWAS studies in the Puerto Rican community and further narrow down the mechanism specific to this population. Research in this subject could lead to early identification of patients with high risk of developing atrial fibrillation and further decrease incidence and disease burden in the PRH population. Puerto Rican Hispanics have an exclusive genetic admixture that makes for an appealing research subject that could deliver unique results.
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Wintermantel, W. M., J. E. Polston, J. Escudero, and E. R. Paoli. "First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Puerto Rico." Plant Disease 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.2.228b.
Full textAbstract:
Symptoms of interveinal chlorosis, necrotic flecking, thickening, and rolling of leaves were observed on leaves of field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants in Jauna Diaz, Puerto Rico. These symptoms are indicative of those produced by the whitefly-transmitted criniviruses, Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (1). Samples collected from two symptomatic plants were examined by leaf dip and were found to contain long flexuous rods approximately 800 nm in length, characteristic of criniviruses. Symptomatic leaves were used for extraction of total nucleic acid and for whitefly transmission studies. The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), is a highly efficient vector of TICV, but an inefficient vector of ToCV, whereas the banded wing whitefly, T. abutilonea (Haldeman), is an efficient vector of ToCV but does not transmit TICV (2). Whiteflies of both species were allowed to feed separately on symptomatic tomato leaves for 24 h and then transferred to healthy Physalis wrightii and Nicotiana benthamiana indicator plants. Symptoms characteristic of ToCV infection developed on 3 of 3 P. wrightii plants and 2 of 3 N. benthamiana plants following transmission by T. abutilonea. Only 1 of 3 P. wrightii plants developed such symptoms following transmission by T. vaporariorum, while no N. benthamiana plants developed symptoms, suggesting that the virus responsible for the tomato disease was ToCV. Dot blot hybridizations were performed on total nucleic acids extracted from 0.1 g of symptomatic leaves of field samples using probes specific for TICV or ToCV (2), as well as probes specific for four additional criniviruses. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves of plants in transmission tests, as well as comparable leaves from control plants, were also tested by dot blot. Although no criniviruses could be detected by dot blot in the original tomato tissue, these hybridizations identified ToCV in all symptomatic plants from the transmission experiments, confirming the presence of ToCV in Puerto Rico. No additional criniviruses were detected in any samples, and negative controls were virus-free. This is the first time a tomato crinivirus has been detected in the Caribbean, outside of the continental United States. The ability of ToCV to be transmitted by four different whitefly species increases the potential for this virus to spread throughout the Caribbean Basin. References: (1) G. C. Wisler et al. Plant Dis. 82:270, 1998. (2) G. C. Wisler et al. Phytopathology 88:402, 1998.