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Journal articles on the topic 'Puerto Rican Authors'
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Ai, Amy L., La Tonya Noël, Hoa B. Appel, Bu Huang, and William E. Hefley. "Overall Health and Health Care Utilization Among Latino American Men in the United States." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 1 (September 5, 2012): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312452752.
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Although the Latino American male population is increasing, the subgroup Latino men’s health remains underinvestigated. This study examined the overall pattern of Latino male health and health care utilization in major subgroups, using a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,127) from the National Latino and Asian American Study. The authors evaluated rates of chronic, behavioral, and mental health service utilization in this first nationally representative survey. The results identified significant cross-subgroup differences in most physical and chronic conditions with Puerto Rican American men having high rates in 8 of 15 physical ailments, including life-altering conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Despite differences in racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors, Cuban American men shared similar rates of heart diseases and cancer with Puerto Rican American men. In addition, Puerto Rican American men had higher rates of substance abuse than other Latinos. For health providers, the authors’ findings encourage awareness of subgroup differences regarding overall health issues of Latino American men to provide culturally appropriate care.
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MacKay, Mithriel M., and Cathy E. Bacon. "Rare and antagonistic interactions between short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus and fasting humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off Western Puerto Rico." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 14, no. 1 (September 29, 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/00252.
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Antrop-gonzález, René, William Vélez, and Tomás Garrett. "Challenging the Academic (MIS) Categorization of Urban Youth Building a Case for Puerto Rican High Achievers." Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56829/muvo.7.2.5u881q042050k8uj.
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This article is intended to dispel the myth that Latinas and Latinos and other urban high school youths of color are not capable of performing at high academic levels. Much research shows that youths of color are underrepresented and underserved in gifted education programs. The authors describe the four success factors to which 10 working-class Puerto Rican high school students from low-income families attribute their high academic achievement: ( a) religiosity and extracurricular activities as sources of social capital; (b) affirming and maintaining a Puerto Rican identity; (c) maternal influences on students' academic achievement; and (d) the potential of caring teachers and other school staff to influence high academic achievement. Finally, the findings suggest that opportunities for students of color are still inequitably structured in large, comprehensive high schools. Hence, the authors argue that schools must continue to bridge the large gap between themselves and the communities they serve and make use of the funds of knowledge and social capital that their students already bring to school.
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De Aragón, Julia. "Boricua Cultural Nationalism and Community Development Through The Young Lords Organization." Iris Journal of Scholarship 1 (May 12, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/iris.v1i0.4660.
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This paper pulls from historical accounts of the activities of the Young Lords Organization and draws connections to theories on nationalism, community, and Black Radicalism in the 20th century. Addressing the development, triumphs, and limitations of the Young Lords Organization (also known in New York City as the Young Lords Party) in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the authors examines the assumptions that lead to the rise of the Young Lords, and the political environment that resisted their agenda. As Puerto Ricans living on the mainland, the Young Lords held a unique position as a colonized multiracial people, despite borrowing ideologically from the Black Panthers and contributing as members of the Rainbow Coalition. The author discusses the radical and nationalist social movement discourse the Young Lords engaged with, which was accessible to many disenfranchised groups but uniquely targeted for the Puerto Rican experience. Lastly, the authors explores how the Young Lords implemented community development techniques in order to navigate the political and social climate of the United States in the sixties and seventies, and the conditions that would need to exist today in order for their programs to succeed in our modern world.
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García, Ivis, and Mérida M. Rúa. "‘Our interests matter’: Puerto Rican older adults in the age of gentrification." Urban Studies 55, no. 14 (November 22, 2017): 3168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017736251.
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Gentrification scholarship often focuses on the vulnerability of long-term residents in general (for example homeowners, renters, and low-income older adults) to displacement, though not necessarily with focal attention to how this process specifically affects low-income minority older adults. Using ethnographic data, the authors prioritise and examine the experiences of aging low-income Puerto Ricans who, by way of senior-designated affordable housing, remain in some of Chicago’s most rapidly gentrifying communities. Interviews, focus groups, and participant observations are supplemented with data from the US Census from 1970 to 2010 in order to document some of the demographic changes that have been taking place in what were once majority Puerto Rican neighbourhoods. We find that while low-income older Latina and Latino residents are able to stay in a gentrifying neighbourhood, surrounded by new amenities, they still find limited spaces where they feel welcomed, resulting in indirect displacement. We argue that considerations of aging in place should not only include affordable housing, but should also include an accessible neighbourhood in terms of mixed-uses that support the wants and needs of low-income and minority older adults.
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Martinez-San Miguel, Y. "Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland." Contemporary Women's Writing 8, no. 2 (February 6, 2014): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cww/vpt015.
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Acevedo-Loubriel, Suzette. "Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland." Letras Femeninas 41, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44733802.
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Altieri, Pablo I., Kiara Didriksen, Pablo Altieri, Hector L. Banchs, and Nelson Escobales. "4155 THE ROLE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN A HISPANIC POPULATION." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.152.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this report is to describe the role of Periodontal Disease (PD) in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in a Hispanic country. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Literature and Puerto Rican experience was reviewed and will be discussed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: PD produces inflammatory disease by bacterial infection in the gingiva. This factor PD activates an inflammatory process affecting the CAD cascade inducing myocites, endothelial cells activation and cytokines. The incidence of gingival disease in the Puerto Rican population (P) is around 50%; of this group 80% will develop periodontal disease. Including this factor and diabetes mellitus Type 2, still the incidence of CAD is 20-30% less than the U.S.A. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT : CAD is a systemic disease related to genetic factors and inflammation. PD is related to an inflammatory process, which will activate the CAD process, producing tissue infarcts. The daily use of resolving or liquid Omega 3 in the gingival tissue is useful in the prevention of gingival and periodontal disease. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: All authors have no relationship with any industry or financial associations in connection with the submitted abstract.
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Ye, Xingwang, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, and Katherine L. Tucker. "Variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Puerto Rican adults." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001183.
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Higher variety in fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases. It remains unclear whether such associations exist relating to cognition. The authors examined associations between total quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in a cross-sectional sample of 1412 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45–75 years from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, 2004–9. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed with a FFQ. Cognitive function was measured with a battery of seven tests; the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administrated to assess global cognitive function. Greater variety, but not total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a higher MMSE score after multivariate adjustment (P for trend = 0·012). This association remained significant after further adjusting for total quantity of fruit and vegetable intake (P for trend = 0·018). High variety of fruit and vegetable intake was also associated with individual cognitive domains, including executive function, memory and attention (all P for trend < 0·05). Variety, more than total quantity, of fruit and vegetable intake may offer cognitive protection in middle-aged and older adults, but longitudinal studies are needed to clarify direction of causality.
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Romero Suárez, Daniel A. "Heterodoxia en la poesía nacionalista puertorriqueña: reelaboraciones del legado de Pedro Albizu Campos en la obra de Francisco Matos Paoli y Lolita Lebrón." Hispanic Review 92, no. 2 (March 2024): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hir.2024.a929138.
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RESUMEN: Francisco Matos Paoli y Lolita Lebrón son figuras fundamentales del nacionalismo puertorriqueño, pues, además de sus acciones en favor de la libertad de la isla, escribieron poemas en que expresaron sus creencias patrióticas. Ambos autores coinciden en su fervor hacia el caudillo nacionalista Pedro Albizu Campos. Sin embargo, el análisis comparado de Canto de la locura (1962) de Matos Paoli y Sándalo en la celda (1975) de Lebrón muestra que su adhesión al proyecto albizuista no fue absoluta. Los poemarios sugieren diferencias ideológicas en lo que respecta a la liberación de Puerto Rico, el rol del pueblo en la independencia nacional y la importancia del acervo hispánico. El lenguaje místico de ambos autores sintetiza ambivalentemente el nacionalismo, porque construye a Albizu como una figura cristológica o un amante divino, pero, al mismo tiempo, el énfasis en el encuentro místico individual desliga al sujeto poético del proyecto nacionalista albizuista. Abstract: Francisco Matos Paoli and Lolita Lebrón are fundamental figures of Puerto Rican nationalism, for, in addition to their actions in favor of the island’s freedom, they wrote poems in which they expressed their patriotic beliefs. Both authors coincide in their fervor towards the nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. However, a comparative analysis of Matos Paoli’s Canto de la locura (1962) and Lebrón’s Sándalo en la celda (1975) shows that their adherence to Albizu’s project was not absolute. The books of poems suggest ideological differences regarding the liberation of Puerto Rico, the role of the people in national independence, and the importance of the Hispanic heritage. The mystical language of both authors ambivalently synthesizes nationalism because it constructs Albizu as a Christological figure or a divine lover, but at the same time, the emphasis on the individual mystical encounter distances the poetic speakers from Albizu’s nationalist project.
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Lugo-Lugo, Carmen R. "Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland by Marisel C. Moreno." Revista de Estudios Hispánicos 49, no. 2 (2015): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2015.0041.
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Rivera, Carmen. "Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland by Marisel C. Moreno." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 61, no. 3 (2015): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2015.0038.
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England, Nora C. "Joshua A. Fishman (ed.), Can threatened languages be saved? Reversing language shift, revisited: A 21st century perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2001. Pp. xvi, 503. Pb $24.95." Language in Society 32, no. 1 (December 24, 2002): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503221059.
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This volume revisits, as its title states, the theory and practice of reversing language shift (RLS) first proposed by Fishman in 1991. A dozen of the original case studies are reanalyzed and several more are added, producing a rich source of detail on some of the specific situations of language shift and efforts to reverse it. Fishman contributes introductory and concluding chapters as well as one of the case studies (Yiddish); other authors cover Navajo, New York Puerto Rican Spanish, Québec French, Otomí, Quechua, Irish, Frisian, Basque, Catalán, Oko, Andamanese, Ainu, Hebrew, immigrant languages in Australia, indigenous languages in Australia, and Maori. The resulting book provides a wealth of information about language shift and public policy directed toward RLS, but its aims are broader than that.
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Quiñones-Arocho, María Isabel. "Caribbean women: changes in the works." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 66, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1992): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002007.
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[First paragraph]The women of Azua: work and family in the rural Dominican Republic, by BARBARA FINLAY. New York: Praeger, 1989. xi + 190 pp. (Cloth US$ 35.00)The psychosocial development of Puerto Rican women, edited by CYNTHIA T. GARCIA COLL & MARIA DE LOURDES MATTEI. New York: Praeger, 1989. xiii + 272 pp. (Cloth US$ 45.00)Women and the sexual division oflabour in the Caribbean, edited by KEITH HART. Mona, Jamaica: Consortium Graduate School of Social Sciences, UWI, 1989. 141 pp. (Paper n.p.)The three books under review work have a common theme: the impact of changing gender expectations on Caribbean women. The authors are mainly concerned with recent political and economie changes that might have contributed to either the improvement or deterioration of women's status in these societies. The questions raised by the contributors are strikingly similar: What has been the impact of dependent economie development on women's lives and has this resulted in increased labor participation (a problem explored for rural Dominican women as well as for Jamaican and Barbadian women) or in the migration to metropolitan centers, with its psychosocial consequences (an issue raised for Puerto Rican women living in the United States)? If patriarchal values (often referred to as traditional values) prevail in these societies, then what impact might wage work, migration, or improved education have on those values? Could it be the disintegration of the nuclear family with an increased proportion of female-headed households (Hart), higher rates of mental illness as a result of dysfunctional aceulturation (Garcia Coll and Mattei), or even an improvement of women's status within their families and communities (Finlay)?
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Laguna, Asela R. "Book Review: Family Matters: Puerto Rican Women Authors on the Island and the Mainland, written by Marisel C. Moreno." New West Indian Guide 89, no. 1-2 (2015): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-08901032.
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Amaro-Rivera, Kiara, and Elena Carbone. "Determinants of Fast Food Consumption Among Puerto Rican Adults Living in a Rural Community." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_003.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the association between fast food consumption, sociodemographic and health-related variables among adults living in a small rural community in Puerto Rico. Methods This study was cross-sectional. A researcher-designed questionnaire was distributed to every household in the community. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between fast food consumption (<1 or ≥1 time/week), and the following independent variables: age; gender; education; poverty level estimate; employment status; weight status; self-rated health; self-perceived diet quality; self-perceived weight status; currently trying to lose weight; fruit, non-starchy vegetables, starchy vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake; physical activity; and recreational screen time. Results A total of 195 adults aged ≥18 years participated in this study. Of these, 53.1% were female, 53.1% completed more than high school, 45.4% were employed, 28.7% were overweight and 32.3% were obese. Over one-third (34.9%) of participants reported consuming fast food ≥1 time/week. Eating fast food ≥1 time/week was associated with ages 35–49 years (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.94) and ≥50 years (OR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03–0.32) as compared to being 18–34 years old; being unemployed/homemaker/disabled (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08–0.73) as compared to being employed; being obese (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.02–9.85) as compared to being under/normal weight; currently trying to lose weight (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.31–6.88) as compared to those not trying to lose weight; eating fewer than 1 cup of non-starchy vegetables daily (OR = 0.39 95% CI: 0.16–0.93) as compared to those who eat ≥1cup daily; and drinking SSB ≥1 times daily (OR = 3.80 95% CI: 1.50–9.60) as compared to those who drink SSB less than once daily in the adjusted model. Conclusions Fast food consumption was associated with older age, employment, obesity, trying to lose weight, and intake of non-starchy vegetables and SSB in our sample. Future research should examine the relationship between fast food consumption and diet quality among those living in rural communities, as previous research has shown that Puerto Ricans living in urban areas are undergoing a nutrition transition to lower quality diets. Funding Sources The authors received no financial support for this research.
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Wilkinson, Deanna L., Amanda Magora, Marie Garcia, and Atika Khurana. "Fathering at the Margins of Society." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 7 (March 17, 2009): 945–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x09332354.
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This study aims to broaden researchers' understanding of fatherhood by focusing on an understudied population of young, urban, minority, crime-involved fathers. Using 115 qualitative life history interviews, the authors examine fatherhood expectations, role participation, and ideals. Study fathers described very similar ideals for being fathers (e.g., providing financial resources, caring, basic needs, spending time together, and being a role model) as have been reported by less disadvantaged men. Aspects of the father's life-course trajectory and ecological niche were important for understanding individual differences in fathering behaviors. Consistent with life-course principles, those fathers with fewer developmental assets were more likely to be uninvolved. Specifically, we found that being young, Puerto Rican, detached from the child's mother, low in human capital, and involved in crime were associated with being absent. The findings suggest that young fathers experiencing cumulative disadvantage face multiple challenges that inhibit their ability to reach their fatherhood expectations.
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Vázquez, David J. "Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture." American Literary History 33, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 657–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab054.
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Abstract Mapping Decolonial Environmental Imaginaries in Latinx Culture addresses a growing dialogue between antiracist environmental humanities and Latinx studies scholars that emphasizes how Latinx creativity expresses decolonial environmental values. Even as we face a racial crisis in the US, there is a looming, similarly daunting challenge in environmental change. Locating forms of progressive environmental ideas that think simultaneously about race and racialization is crucial if we are to meet these twin challenges. This essay introduces a mode of comparative analysis that places multiple genres and forms (novels, films, visual art, and short stories) created by authors from multiple Latinx communities (Chicanx, Puerto Rican, Peruvian, and Central American) into conversation. This comparative approach provides a more nuanced account of how Latinxs from multiple racial, class, gender, sexual, and other identity positions think about and represent environmental ideas. As the legatees of colonialism and racism, Latinx artists have much to say about combatting, circumventing, and, at times, proposing remedies for oppression and environmental harm as complex, interrelated phenomena. These authors and artists comprehend racial capitalism as directly causing environmental crises that perform in concert with racism and colonialism.
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Vraukó, Tamás. "Code switching and the so-called “assimilation narrative”." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 4 (December 30, 2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5673.
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In literary theory, the works of (ethnic) minority authors–and similarly, the works of authors dealing with minorities–are often referred to as “assimilation narrative.” This term tends to suggest that minority authors, who write in the language of their country, seek a place in society through assimilation. Assimilation, however, means melting up in the majority nation by adopting all the values, customs and way of life characteristic of the majority, and abandoning, leaving behind, giving up the original traditional values, ethics, lifestyle, religion etc. of the minority. Assimilation means disappearing without a trace, continuing life as a new person, with new values, language, a whole set of new cultural assets. In this paper an effort is made to show that this is in fact not what many of the ethnic minority writers look for, so the term assimilation narrative is in many, although certainly not all, the cases, erroneuosly applied. It is justified to make a distinction between assimilation and integration narratives, as the two are not the same. In the paper examples are provided from Hispanic-American literature (Mexican-American, Puerto Rican and Dominican), across a range of genres from prose through drama to poetry, and also, examples are discussed when the author does in fact seek assimilation, as well as stories in which neither assimilation, nor integration is successful.
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Sánchez-Rodríguez, Héctor L., and Katherine Domenech-Pérez. "Light sensors assess solar radiation vs. shade exposure of slick- and wild-type Puerto Rican Holstein cows." Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 105, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v105i1.19634.
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Anecdotal data suggest that slick-haired cows (SLICK) graze under solar radiation longer than their wild type-haired (WT) counterparts. However, to the authors’ knowledge, empirical data regarding the suggestion is scarce. This study aimed to use light sensors (HOBO Pendant MX) to study solar radiation exposure. Sensors (attached to a collar) were validated in 20 Holstein cows rotated from shade (0837 to 0906h) to sunlight (0907 to 0932h) and then back to shade (0933 to 1005h). After validation, sensors were used to compare the differences in solar radiation exposure between 10 SLICK and 10 WT Holstein cows. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and FREQ procedures (SAS). Light intensity was greater under solar radiation than during the first (P<0.01) and second (P<0.01) shade periods (51,026.00±682.25; 2,282.40±647.64 and 1,907.27±626.28 lx, respectively). No differences were observed between shade periods (P=0.62). The SLICK cows spent more time under solar radiation than the WT cows (52.67 vs. 47.33%, respectively; P<0.01). Hair coat type and period interacted (P<0.01), with greater light intensities in SLICK than in WT cows under solar radiation (24,702±106.65 vs. 20,518±98.43 lx, respectively); but no differences were observed under shade (1,856±7.03 and 1,793.2±6.53 lx, respectively). The SLICK cows showed greater exposure time to direct solar radiation than their WT counterparts.
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Kiyama, Judy Marquez, Donna Marie Harris, and Amalia Dache-Gerbino. "Fighting for Respeto: Latinas’ Stories of Violence and Resistance Shaping Educational Opportunities." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 12 (December 2016): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611801205.
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Background/Context The experiences of Latina youth in the United States are embedded within a larger social context influenced by gender, ethnic/racial identity, socioeconomic status, language, and sociospatial and political characteristics that can negatively impact their daily lived experiences. Given the challenges that young Latinas encounter, it is necessary to understand the systemic barriers that complicate their educational progress as they confront dominant institutions and systems that marginalize them. Purpose/Objective This article is informed by intersecting forms of violence and the relationship between violence and systems experienced by adolescent Latinas. Its purpose is to explore the oppressive structures that influence Latinas’ educational opportunities and to illustrate how Latinas respond to these structures. This article is guided by the following research questions: How are Latina students’ schooling experiences influenced by acts of violence? How do Latina students respond to these acts of violence? Participants Analysis for this article was drawn from seven focus groups with 39 Latinas, ages 11–18. The majority (82%) of the Latinas identified as Puerto Rican, inclusive of biracial and multiracial identities. Research Design The data in this article originated from a larger mixed-methods study examining the barriers that prohibit Latina/o students from successfully progressing through K–12 schooling. We used focus groups to collect data from the participants and drew upon narrative analysis techniques to represent the stories of the young Latinas. Findings Findings highlight how systemic forces position and oppress Latinas, resulting in physical violence, stereotypes, and environmental violence, each of which intersect with Latinas’ gender, race, ethnicity, social class, and language. The authors present the findings by associating key themes of resistance, resiliency, and agency with Latina participant experiences with violence. Conclusions/Recommendations The authors argue that these forms of systemic violence must be interrogated further, as future educational opportunities for Latinas will continue to be impacted. Spaces must be created to recognize and further cultivate the resistance strategies that Latinas are developing, especially as they learn to critique and fight against the social systems in which they are embedded. I don't fight in school but they always wanted to, they always wanted to see me fight and they never ever got to see me fight, they saw me once but not in school. It was downtown. Girl, I feel better here because there's no girls trying to fight me. I'm making more friends … but in the street, there ain't no friends in the street. —Katia, Puerto Rican, current GED student
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Mignucci-Jiménez, Giancarlo, Alejandro J. Matos-Cruz, Irakliy Abramov, Sahin Hanalioglu, Melissa S. Kovacs, Mark C. Preul, and Caleb E. Feliciano-Valls. "Puerto Rico Recurrence Scale: Predicting chronic subdural hematoma recurrence risk after initial surgical drainage." Surgical Neurology International 13 (June 3, 2022): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_240_2022.
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Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) commonly affects older individuals and is associated with a relatively high rate of recurrence after surgery. Many studies have created grading systems to identify patients at high risk of CSDH recurrence after the initial surgery. However, no system has been adopted widely. The authors present the first CSDH grading system created from a population-based single-center data set. Methods: A single-center Puerto Rican population-based retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive patients treated for a CSDH at a designated institution from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to create a CSDH recurrence grading scale. Retrospective validation was conducted on this sample population. Results: The study included 428 patients. Preoperative midline shift, postoperative midline shift, and size of postoperative subdural space differed between the recurrence and nonrecurrence groups (P = 0.03, 0.002, and 0.002, respectively). A multivariate analysis was used to create a 10-point grading scale comprising four independent variables. Recurrence rates progressively increased from the low-risk (0–3 points) to high-risk (8–10 points) groups (2.9% vs. 20.3%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: A 10-point grading scale for CSDH recurrence was developed with four components: preoperative midline shift (≤1 and >1 cm), laterality (bilateral, unilateral-right, and unilateral-left), size of postoperative subdural space (≤1.6 and >1.6 cm), and pneumocephalus (present or absent). Patients who scored higher on the scale had a higher risk of recurrence. This CSDH grading scale has implications for Puerto Rico and the general population as the elderly population increases worldwide.
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Warheit, George J., William A. Vega, Elizabeth L. Khoury, Andres A. Gil, and Pamela H. Elfenbein. "A Comparative Analysis of Cigarette, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Use among an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Hispanic, African American, and Non-Hispanic White Adolescents." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 4 (October 1996): 901–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600410.
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Longitudinal findings are presented on lifetime, past year, and magnitude of use of cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs among non-Hispanic White (NHW), African-American, Cuban, Nicaraguan, Colombian, and Puerto Rican adolescent boys. The T-3 sample included 5,370 adolescents of whom 3,403 were Hispanic. About one-half the Hispanic sample was foreign born. Significant increases in lifetime use and magnitude of use of all three substances were found over the three data collection periods for all six groups. NHW and Hispanic adolescents had higher substance use rates than African-Americans. Most differences were not significant for NHW and Hispanic subgroups. Foreign-born Hispanics reported positive relationships between length of time in country and substance use. Significant relationships were found in two instances. Length of time in country was related to lifetime use of all substances for Cubans and for past year use of alcohol and illicit drugs. It was also significantly related to lifetime and past year use of alcohol and for lifetime illicit drug use among Nicaraguans. Although substance use did not vary greatly for different Hispanic groups, the authors suggest caution be used in offering generalizations, especially among young groups with diverse nativity and immigration histories.
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Duany, Jorge. "Mobile Livelihoods: The Sociocultural Practices of Circular Migrants between Puerto Rico and the United States." International Migration Review 36, no. 2 (June 2002): 355–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00085.x.
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This article focuses on the bilateral flow of people between Puerto Rico and the United States - what has come to be known as circular, commuter, or revolving-door migration. It documents the migrants' livelihood practices based on a recent field study of population flows between Puerto Rico and the mainland. Specifically, the basic characteristics of multiple movers, one-time movers and nonmovers residing in Puerto Rico are compared. More broadly, the article assesses the implications of circular migration for Puerto Rican communities on and off the island. The author's basic argument is that the constant displacement of people - both to and from the island – blurs the territorial, linguistic, and juridical boundaries of the Puerto Rican nation. As people expand their means of subsistence across space, they develop multiple attachments to various localities. In the Puerto Rican situation, such mobile livelihoods are easier to establish than in other places because of the free movement of labor and capital between the island and the mainland. The author hypothesizes that circulation does not entail major losses in human capital for most Puerto Ricans, but rather often constitutes an occupational, educational, and linguistic asset.
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Batho, Nick. "Art and Storytelling on the Streets: The Council on Interracial Books for Children’s Use of African American Children’s Literature." Humanities 12, no. 4 (July 25, 2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12040069.
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From 1970 until 1974, the Council on Interracial Children’s Books (CIBC) ran the Arts and Storytelling in the Streets program throughout New York City. This program involved African American and Puerto Rican artists and storytellers bringing children’s literature directly to children in the streets. This occurred amid a rise in African American children’s literature and educational upheavals in the city as local communities demanded oversight of their schools. Originating in the Ocean Hill-Brownsville district in New York City, the Arts and Storytelling on the Streets program helps to underscore the interrelation between African American children’s literature and educational activism. This article examines how storytelling sessions run by authors and illustrators became extensions of African American children’s literature and educational activism in the city as Black American children’s books became key tools in a fight for a more representative and relevant education. Storytelling teams hoped to use African American children’s literature to help engage children in reading and provide a positive association with literature among local children. The Art and Storytelling program mirrored ideas and themes within African American children’s literature including Black pride, community strength, and resisting white supremacy. The program also became a key extension of the literature as the locations, storytellers, and the audiences all helped to expand upon the impact and many meanings inherent in contemporary African American children’s literature.
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Ogliastri, Enrique. "Editorial on the international collaboration in Latin American publications on management, vis-à-vis the best papers in Cladea 2015." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 29, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 370–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-07-2016-0201.
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Abstract This issue includes five of the best papers, from six different countries, presented in the Cladea Assembly of 2015. This introduction summarises the papers and presents an analysis of Latin American publications on management, and of the advantages and conditions for international collaboration. The first article looks at the positive impact of the decentralization of decision-making processes and the formalisation of work in the innovation of small and medium enterprises. The second studies the fear of failure in work and its relationship to demographic variables. The third analyses the impact of the domestic violence suffered by workers on customer services in Puerto Rican companies. The fourth discusses the relationship between teleworking and the work-family conflict, and finally, the fifth is aimed at optimising the management of dependent demand inventory systems. This issue includes five articles chosen among the best papers presented at the Cladea Assembly of 2015 organised by Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile). The articles were sent in from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Spain, and Puerto Rico, and were the best assessed in the fields of organisational behaviour, leadership and human capital management, entrepreneurships and SMEs, technology management and innovation, and operations management and value chains. The selection process began with the evaluation of the works sent to the conference for each topic. The author wish to thank the organisers, those in charge of each topic, and all the evaluators that helped select the best works. In particular, we thank Sergio Olavarrieta, José Ernesto Amorós, Jorge Ayala, Silvio Borrero, Daniel Cabrera, Reinaldo Calvo, Consuelo García, Valeska Geldres, Jorge Gilbert, Olga Pizarro, José Antonio Robles, and Jorge Tarzijan. Authors interested in publishing their articles were asked to send in a revised version. These new versions were then subjected to a double blind evaluation, and subsequent revisions until reaching the current publication. This has been a collective process in which dozens of academics from all the Cladea schools and countries have taken part.
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Robertson, D. Ross, Carlos J. Estapé, Allison M. Estapé, Lee Richter, Ernesto Peña, and Benjamin Victor. "An updated, illustrated inventory of the marine fishes of the US Virgin Islands." ZooKeys 1103 (June 1, 2022): 79–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1103.83795.
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The US Virgin Islands (USVI) include St. John and St. Thomas on the Puerto Rican Platform (PRP) and St. Croix, isolated by 2000 m deep water 45 km south of that platform. Previous inventories of the marine fishes of these islands include a comprehensive 2014 checklist of the fishes of St. Croix and a list of the fishes of the PRP produced in 2000. The latter list noted the locations of many records of the plateau’s fishes, allowing the construction of a combined inventory for St. John and St. Thomas. Those two islands are treated here as a single faunal unit because they are only 3.5 km apart on a shared shallow shelf with various islets and reefs in between. Here we provide updated information on those two USVI (St. Croix and St. John-Thomas) marine fish faunas. The additions to the St. Croix and St. John-Thomas inventories presented here are based on a combination of information from the two sources indicated above, more recent publications dealing with those faunas, a review of location records on various online sources of biogeographic data, and voucher photographs taken of fishes in the field by authors of this paper and other citizen scientists. This assessment increased the known fauna of St. Croix by 7.5% to 585 species. The inventory for St. John-Thomas increased by 39.9% from 401 species on the 2000 PRP list to 561 with the inclusion of records from other sources. On-site mtDNA (COI) barcodes are available for approximately one-third of the species of the St. John-Thomas fauna, but for only one species collected at St. Croix. A set of underwater photographs of 372 species (34 of them representing the sole record of a species) from St. John-Thomas and of 11 shallow-water species added to the St. Croix fauna is included. These represent occurrence vouchers and also are intended to facilitate future work that builds on the present compendium.
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Mohr, Emma L., Michelle Koenig, Elaina Razo, Ann Mitzey, Matt Semler, Laurel Stewart, Meghan Breitbach, et al. "2784. Increased Frontal Lobe Volume and Density in Macaques Exposed to Zika Virus In Utero." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S983—S984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2461.
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Abstract Background In utero Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes birth defects and neurodevelopmental deficits in neonates. We reasoned that a translational macaque model of congenital ZIKV infection could define disease pathophysiology not possible in human clinical studies. Methods We inoculated 5 pregnant rhesus macaques with a Puerto Rican isolate of ZIKV (ZIKV-PRVABC59) during the first trimester, monitored infection with plasma viral RNA (vRNA) loads, and evaluated infants for birth defects and neurodevelopmental deficits during their first week of life. Assessments included neurobehavioral assessments, ophthalmic examinations, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography with visual evoked potentials, hearing examinations, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tissue histopathological analyses. Results All five pregnant dams demonstrated plasma viremia and seroconversion following ZIKV inoculation. One of the five pregnancies resulted in a stillbirth. All liveborn infants had decreased feeding volumes and weight gain compared with control infants. A comprehensive voxel-based morphometric comparison of ZIKV-exposed and control infant brain MRIs identified increased gray matter volume and density in the frontal lobe in the ZIKV-exposed infant group, which corresponds to the pharyngeal motor cortex responsible for coordinating swallowing. Ocular studies identified differences between ZIKV-exposed and control infants in retinal layer thicknesses (inner plexiform, outer nuclear layers, photoreceptor outer segment) and visual evoked potentials (increased amplitude of waveforms). While ZIKV vRNA was detected in the decidua of 2/5 pregnancies, no ZIKV vRNA was identified in infant tissues and none of the infants developed an anti-ZIKV IgM response. Conclusion In utero ZIKV exposure resulted in decreased feeding volumes and weight gain, which may be related to the gray matter changes identified in the pharyngeal motor cortex. Changes in retinal layer thicknesses and increased cortical visual pathway waveform amplitude suggest vision may be impaired. These changes occurred despite the lack of evidence of vertical transmission, suggesting that ZIKV exposure without measurable vertical transmission affects fetal brain development. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Arce-Nazario, Javier A. "Geovisualizing space and time in a science-art exhibit." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-14-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The question of how to communicate with lay audiences about dynamic spatial processes is important in many disciplines. A diversity of paradigms for representing space and time have been developed in cartography, GIS science, and geovisualization, but these paradigms are unlikely to converge to a standard representation of spatiotemporal data (Goodchild 2013). Thus, finding the best visualization techniques to support the general public’s understanding of spatiotemporal analysis requires some exploration. In the following, I discuss how this exploration produced the novel approaches to representing time and landscape dynamics in <i>geo/visual/isla</i>, which was a science-art exhibit about social and ecological changes in the landscape of Puerto Rico over the past century.</p><p><i>geo/visual/isla</i> (Museo Casa Blanca, San Juan, 2017) was developed from static, large-format prints of aerial imagery of the Caribbean island nation of Puerto Rico, which were created by a collective of undergraduate students and a geographer at the University of Puerto Rico at Cayey. The data associated with times in the 1930s were derived from aerial photographs provided by the Puerto Rican Department of Transportation, and more recent data were derived from the United States Geological Survey and United States Army Corps of Engineers. The exhibit ultimately presented an 80-year history of changes in the natural and constructed landscape, during a period in which shifting global and local economies, migration, climate events and colonial policies were drivers of dramatic landscape transitions. The purpose of the exhibit was to capture the beauty and the dynamics of the landscape’s history, while helping visitors to envision and discuss past landscape change and future land use in Puerto Rico.</p><p>The problem of geovisualizing time and change is an old one that has been extensively reviewed – for example, by Yuan (2016) – but when the audience is a general public, there are additional challenges. Most notably, the limited period of interaction that a lay person will have with the geospatial data in question means that the scheme for representing space and time together must be either simple or familiar to be successful. Many creators of geographic exhibits for lay audiences do utilize well-established geovisualization paradigms such as the space-time cube (Bogucka and Jahnke 2017), the time-animated series of maps (Harner, Knapp, and Davis-Witherow 2017), and the annotated timeline (Caine 2017). However, these techniques must be adapted for the intended audience: the authors in each case highlight the specific techniques they use to help viewers by reducing the information burden and interpretation ambiguity of the representations they choose.</p><p> Like these other public geographic exhibits, <i>geo/visual/isla</i> extensively used an early cartographic representation of time, which was chosen for its simplicity and familiarity. Several of the works in the exhibit were “time-slice snapshots,” as described by Langran and Chrisman (1998). We took advantage of the rich vocabulary of the human experience of time to help viewers more easily navigate the temporal dimension of the data being displayed. For example, we encouraged viewers to associate neighboring time-slices by using the visual metaphor of the triptych, and used color schemes emphasizing the time coordinate (Figure 1). Spatial orientation between images was reinforced by choosing images with prominent, essentially consistent landscape features such as a coastline. The triptych format also reduced the temporal resolution to a manageable level, reducing the information burden noted above.</p><p> Perhaps the most important distinction between science-art exhibits and GIS representations or standalone geovisualizations is possibility to use the exhibit site as an additional dimension of experience. Harner, Knapp, and Davis-Witherow (2017) used this space for physical objects, and describe how their exhibit’s interactive maps replace interpretation of these objects by curators. In <i>geo/visual/isla</i>, we chose the inverse relationship: the space itself provided orientation that helped viewers interpret the maps. This was achieved by two techniques: first, the viewers’ path through the exhibit allowed them to learn the “vocabulary” of the space-time representation as they progressed. Timeslice snapshots gave way to more complex presentations where data with different space and time coordinates appeared in the same frame (Figure 2). By the end of the exhibit, viewers were easily able to read the spatial landscape enough to understand the story of change in these blended presentations. Second, the environment in different parts of the exhibit hall reinforced an understanding of timescales. Images in the exhibit depicting topological landscape features in the 1950s and 1960s were portrayed in red-blue anaglyph images and viewed with paper anaglyph glasses. In this corner of the exhibit, which was populated by other visitors in “retro” glasses and complemented by artworks referencing visual tropes of other dimensions and flashbacks, our intention was to make the actual ambiance provoke discussions of this particular period of Puerto Rico’s past (Figure 3).</p><p>The techniques explored in <i>geo/visual/isla</i> made the dimensions of space and time equally easy to navigate for users, and our observation of visitors and their responses on surveys demonstrated that we successfully produced a conducive environment for substantive discussions of landscape change. The demonstrated effectiveness of the format is consistent with our visitor survey results from prior exhibitions (Arce-Nazario 2016). Our choices were specifically designed for a physical, artistic exhibit and a non-expert audience, but the training and cueing used to make <i>geo/visual/isla</i> work so well could also be adapted to other geovisualization presentations and tools.</p>
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Mora, G. Cristina, and Dina G. Okamoto. "Postcolonialism, Racial Political Fields, and Panethnicity: A Comparison of Early “Asian American” and “Hispanic” Movements." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 4 (January 26, 2020): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219900291.
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Recent work has called for sociologists to incorporate postcolonial theory into their toolkits to better understand the mechanics of race in the United States. The authors answer this call by showing how postcolonial and field theories can be bridged to explain how movements of the 1970s developed distinct visions of panethnicity. Drawing on published case studies, as well as a unique data set of pioneering “Asian American” and “Hispanic” movement magazines from the 1970s, the authors systematically compare how community leaders framed panethnic identities before they became widely institutionalized. The authors show that although Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans could have developed a panethnic narrative centered on American imperialism, it was Asian Americans who constructed a postcolonial panethnic politics. In contrast, “Hispanic” stakeholders of the 1970s framed panethnicity more conservatively and at times patriotically. The authors contend that the different visions of panethnicity reflect the distinct colonial and imperial history of Asians and Hispanics in the United States as well as the position of Asian American and Hispanic panethnic leaders within and across the racial fields of the 1970s. This study suggests that panethnicity as a mobilizing identity narrative is politically flexible and amenable to different visions of racial equality. Moreover, the authors show how postcolonialism and field theory can be further synthesized to advance the study of panethnicity.
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Koo, Bang-Bon, and Yi Guan. "Author Response: Association of Diabetes and Hypertension With Brain Structural Integrity and Cognition in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study Cohort." Neurology 100, no. 3 (January 16, 2023): 164.2–165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000206742.
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Lindbekk, Monika, and Rania Maktabi. "Introduction: Gender and judging in the Middle East and Africa." Oñati Socio-Legal Series 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 1036–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.1774.
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Since the turn of the millennium, the appointment of women judges has increased markedly in Africa and the Middle East, along with the social and political influence of courts. The expansion of judicial power worldwide raises important questions about who the judges are and what their role should be. The appointment of women to positions of judicial authority has increased, but this increase is only beginning to be reflected in socio-legal studies. The articles collected in this special issue contribute to the burgeoning empirical comparative literature by approaching the subject matter from two analytical angles: (i) Gendered patterns in judicial selection processes that focus mainly on judicial selection processes and subsequent legal careers; and (ii) Gendered aspects of court practices that shed light on whether and how gender plays into judging practices and experiences at court. The authors in this special volume elaborate on the theme of gender and judging predominantly through one of these two analytical entries with case studies on Tunisia, Ghana, Syria, Kuwait, and the other five oil-rich Gulf monarchies. Desde el cambio de milenio, el nombramiento de juezas ha aumentado notablemente en África y Oriente Medio, junto con la influencia social y política de los tribunales. La expansión del poder judicial en todo el mundo plantea importantes cuestiones sobre quiénes son los jueces y cuál debe ser su papel. El nombramiento de mujeres para puestos de autoridad judicial ha aumentado, pero este incremento sólo está empezando a reflejarse en los estudios socio-jurídicos. Los artículos recogidos en este número especial contribuyen a la floreciente literatura empírica comparativa abordando el tema desde dos ángulos analíticos: (i) Patrones de género en los procesos de selección judicial, que se centran principalmente en los procesos de selección judicial y en las carreras jurídicas posteriores; y (ii) Aspectos de género de las prácticas judiciales, que arrojan luz sobre si el género influye en las prácticas judiciales y en las experiencias en los tribunales, y cómo lo hace. Los autores de este volumen especial desarrollan el tema del género y la judicatura predominantemente a través de una de estas dos entradas analíticas con estudios de caso sobre Túnez, Ghana, Siria, Kuwait y las otras cinco monarquías ricas en petróleo del Golfo.
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Cruz-Malavé, Arnaldo. "Teaching Puerto Rican Authors: Identity and Modernization in Nuyorican Texts." ADE Bulletin, 1988, 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/ade.91.45.
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"Family matters: Puerto Rican women authors on the island and the mainland." Choice Reviews Online 50, no. 10 (May 22, 2013): 50–5464. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-5464.
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Elias, Sabrina, Ruth‐Alma Turkson‐Ocran, Binu Koirala, Samuel Byiringiro, Diana Baptiste, Cheryl R. Himmelfarb, and Yvonne Commodore‐Mensah. "Heterogeneity in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Latino Immigrant Subgroups: Evidence From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey." Journal of the American Heart Association, May 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/jaha.122.027433.
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Background The Latino population is a growing and diverse share of the US population. Previous studies have examined Latino immigrants as a homogenous group. The authors hypothesized that there would be heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Latino immigrant subgroups (from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Central America, or South America) compared with non‐Latino White adults. Methods and Results A cross‐sectional analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) among 548 739 individuals was performed. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were fitted to compare the prevalence of self‐reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking, adjusting for known confounders. The authors included 474 968 non‐Latino White adults and 73 771 Latino immigrants from Mexico (59%), Puerto Rico (7%), Cuba (6%), Dominican Republic (5%), Central America (15%), and South America (9%). Compared with White adults, Mexican immigrants had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.15–1.19]); Puerto Rican individuals had the highest prevalence of diabetes (PR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.45–1.83]); individuals from Central America had the highest prevalence of high cholesterol (PR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.04–1.28]); and individuals from the Dominican Republic had the highest prevalence of physical inactivity (PR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.18–1.32]). All Latino immigrant subgroups were less likely to be smokers than White adults. Conclusions The authors observed advantages and disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Latino immigrants. Aggregating data on Latino individuals may mask differences in cardiovascular disease risk and hinder efforts to reduce health disparities in this population. Study findings provide Latino group–specific actionable information and targets for improving cardiovascular health.
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Joshi, Parag H., Santica Marcovina, Kate Orroth, J. Antonio G. López, Shia T. Kent, Robert Kaplan, Katrina Swett, et al. "Heterogeneity of Lipoprotein(a) Levels Among Hispanic or Latino Individuals Residing in the US." JAMA Cardiology, May 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2023.1134.
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ImportanceLipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a genetically determined risk-enhancing factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The Lp(a) distribution among the diverse Hispanic or Latino community residing in the US has not been previously described, to the authors’ knowledge.ObjectiveTo determine the distribution of Lp(a) levels across a large cohort of diverse Hispanic or Latino adults living in the US and by key demographic groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a prospective, population-based, cohort study of diverse Hispanic or Latino adults living in the US. At screening, participants aged 18 to 74 years were recruited between 2008 and 2011 from 4 US metropolitan areas (Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Miami, Florida; San Diego, California). HCHS/SOL included 16 415 noninstitutionalized adults recruited through probability sampling of randomly selected households. The study population represents Hispanic or Latino participants from diverse self-identified geographic and cultural backgrounds: Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American. This study evaluated a subset of HCHS/SOL participants who underwent Lp(a) measurement. Sampling weights and surveys methods were used to account for HCHS/SOL sampling design. Data for this study were analyzed from April 2021 to April 2023.ExposureLp(a) molar concentration was measured by a particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay with minimized sensitivity to apolipoprotein(a) size variation.Main Outcome and MeasureLp(a) quintiles were compared using analysis of variance among key demographic groups, including self-identified Hispanic or Latino background. Median percentage genetic ancestry (Amerindian, European, West African) were compared across Lp(a) quintiles.ResultsLp(a) molar concentration was measured in 16 117 participants (mean [SD] age, 41 [14.8] years; 9680 female [52%]; 1704 Central American [7.7%], 2313 Cuban [21.1%], 1436 Dominican [10.3%], 6395 Mexican [39.1%], 2652 Puerto Rican [16.6%], 1051 South American [5.1%]). Median (IQR) Lp(a) level was 19.7 (7.4-59.7) nmol/L. Across Hispanic or Latino background groups, there was significant heterogeneity in median Lp(a) levels ranging from 12 to 41 nmol/L in those reporting a Mexican vs Dominican background. Median (IQR) West African genetic ancestry was lowest in the first quintile of Lp(a) level and highest in the fifth quintile (5.5% [3.4%-12.9%] and 12.1% [5.0%-32.5%]; respectively; P &lt; .001), whereas the converse was seen for Amerindian ancestry (32.8% [9.9%-53.2%] and 10.7% [4.9%-30.7%], respectively; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that differences in Lp(a) level distribution across the diverse US Hispanic or Latino population may carry important implications for the use of Lp(a) level in ASCVD risk assessment for this group. Cardiovascular outcomes data are needed to better understand the clinical impact of differences in Lp(a) levels by Hispanic or Latino background.
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"A Puerto Rican Decolonial Theology: Prophesy Freedom. Four Perspectives – Author's Response." Horizons 45, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2018.84.
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Morales, Astrid Sambolín, Molly Hamm-Rodríguez, Bethzaida Morales Rivera, Jasmin Nuñez Tejada, Manuel Hernandez, and Myrmarie A. Graw-Gonzalez. "Las historias que dejó María: Educators and Researchers Bearing Witness to the Coloniality of Displacement." Assembly 3, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33011/assembly.v3i1.1007.
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This article centers the experiences of two university researchers in Colorado and four public school educators from Florida as they engaged in a dialogic process of counter-storytelling to reject one-dimensional narratives and embrace contradictions and vulnerabilities throughout the process. The authors speak against the deficit stories and colonizing practices that have affected Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans pre- and post-Hurricane María. This collaborative project humanizes the ongoing experiences of multiple displacements resulting from U.S. colonialism, racism, white supremacy ideologies, and unnatural disasters. Using a series of letters as the basis for reflection, we trace three major themes across our collaborative sense-making: (1) a desire to resist systems of white supremacy and coloniality by positioning teachers, displaced students, and their families as agents rather than victims; (2) a sense of (un)belonging that transcends or exists beyond the storm’s landfall; and (3) the power of counter-storytelling as a humanizing, liberating act.
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Roth, Wendy D., and Alexandra Marin. "The Role of Skin Color in Latino Social Networks: Color Homophily in Sending and Receiving Societies." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, July 29, 2020, 233264922094034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649220940346.
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How does skin color shape the social networks and integration pathways of phenotypically diverse immigrant groups? Focusing on Dominicans and Puerto Ricans, groups with considerable diversity across the Black-White color line, the authors explore whether migrants to the United States have greater color homophily in their primary social networks than nonmigrants in the sending societies. The authors analyze egocentric network data, including unique skin color measures for both 114 respondents and 1,702 alters. They test hypotheses derived from ethnic unifier theory and color line racialization theory. The data show evidence of color homophily among Dominicans but suggest that these patterns may be imported from the sending society rather than fostered by the U.S. context. Furthermore, the authors find that migrants’ skin color is associated with having ties to White or Black Americans but with different patterns for each ethnic group. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for economic mobility and U.S. racial hierarchies.