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Journal articles on the topic 'Puerto rico history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Amador, Emma. "Caring for Labor History." Labor 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8643496.

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This essay charts how the author’s interest in labor history and the history of care work were inspired by her own family history of migrations from Puerto Rico to the United States. It considers how her grandmother’s stories about being a child needle worker in Puerto Rico and a migrant domestic worker in New York led her to think critically about the connections and overlap between the home and workplace in the lives of Puerto Rican women. As a student, investigating her personal history led her to discover a rich tradition of Puerto Rican feminist labor history that raised questions about reproductive politics and caring labor that remain pressing in our contemporary moment.

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2

Mudie, John H. "Economic History of Puerto Rico." Journal of Economic Issues 23, no. 3 (September 1989): 952–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1989.11504966.

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3

Garcia-Colon, I. "Puerto Rico Encyclopedia." Journal of American History 99, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): 1332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jas644.

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4

Torres, Lourdes. "Puerto Rico." Latino Studies 16, no. 2 (July 2018): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41276-018-0130-2.

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5

V.C.P. "Puerto Rico 1898." Americas 55, no. 3 (January 1999): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500028029.

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6

Bonilla, Frank, and Juan E. Hernandez Cruz. "Corrientes migratorias en Puerto Rico/Migratory Trends in Puerto Rico." Hispanic American Historical Review 76, no. 2 (May 1996): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517157.

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7

Bonilla, Frank. "Corrientes migratorias en Puerto Rico/Migratory Trends in Puerto Rico." Hispanic American Historical Review 76, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-76.2.333.

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8

Passalacqua, Juan M. García. "The Puerto Rico Question Revisited." Current History 97, no. 616 (February 1, 1998): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1998.97.616.82.

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9

Auffant-Vázquez, Vivian. "Leopoldo Zea en Puerto Rico." Latin American Journal of Development 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 2760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46814/lajdv3n4-077.

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Esta investigación presenta el contenido temático respecto al Primer Seminario de Historia de las Ideas en Puerto Rico del 3 al 8 de diciembre de 1956 convocado por el Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, institución que patrocina a la Colección Historia de las Ideas de América la cual dirige el Dr. Leopoldo Zea en 1956. Esta participación intelectual es la primera en Puerto Rico del filósofo mexicano. En ella se enlaza la Isla a la corriente filosófica latinoamericana. Este aspecto lo destacará Zea posteriormente en un artículo del tomo publicado sobre el Sesquicentenario de Eugenio María de Hostos celebrado en 1989. This research presents the thematic content of the First Seminar on History of Ideas in Puerto Rico from December 3 to 8, 1956, convened by the Pan American Institute of Geography and History, institution that sponsors the Collection History of Ideas of America, directed by Dr. Leopoldo Zea in 1956. This intellectual participation is the first in Puerto Rico of the Mexican philosopher. It links the island to the Latin American philosophical current. Zea will emphasize this aspect later in an article of the volume published on the Sesquicentennial of Eugenio Maria de Hostos celebrated in 1989.

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10

Estes, C., A. Cruz de Ruiz, C. M. Sanchez, and N. Hernández. "Food, Culture and History of Puerto Rico." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 97, no. 9 (September 1997): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00468-9.

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11

Perez, Louis A., and Raymond Carr. "Puerto Rico: A Colonial Experiment." American Historical Review 90, no. 2 (April 1985): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1852860.

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12

Curet, José. "Historia general de Puerto Rico." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-68.1.105.

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13

Curet, Jose, and Fernando Pico. "Historia general de Puerto Rico." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 1 (February 1988): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516224.

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14

Martinez-Fernandez, Luis, and Hector Andres Negroni. "Historia militar de Puerto Rico." Hispanic American Historical Review 76, no. 2 (May 1996): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517156.

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15

Martínez-Fernández, Luis. "Historia militar de Puerto Rico." Hispanic American Historical Review 76, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-76.2.331.

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16

Passalacqua, Juan M. Garcia. "The 1993 Plebiscite in Puerto Rico." Current History 93, no. 581 (March 1, 1994): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1994.93.581.103.

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17

Bonilla, Frank, and Nancy Morris. "Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 2 (May 1997): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516950.

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18

Bonilla, Frank. "Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.2.336.

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19

Safa, Helen I. "Changing Forms of U.S. Hegemony in Puerto Rico: The Impact on the Family and Sexuality." Itinerario 25, no. 3-4 (November 2001): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530001500x.

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It has been over a hundred years since the U.S. took control of Puerto Rico. In that time, the way in which the U.S. perceived Puerto Rico has changed from a colony requiring Americanisation to, in the 1950s, its showcase of democracy in the Caribbean, to today, an island that still retains geopolitical importance for the U.S., but represents an increasing economic burden. The failure of Operation Bootstrap, as the Puerto Rican industrialization program was known, resulted in permanent large-scale unemployment, with a population dependent on federal transfers for a living, and a constant source of migration to the mainland, where over half of Puerto Ricans now live. I shall trace the outline of these three stages in U.S. hegemony over Puerto Rico, and argue that throughout the U.S. Congress was reluctant to fully incorporate Puerto Rico, because its population was deemed racially and socially inferior to that of the mainland. Though the removal of Spain from Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines was considered part of the its ‘manifest destiny’, the United States never intended to incorporate these people so different from the U.S. as part of the American nation, as was done with its earlier acquisitions in Texas, Alaska or even Hawaii.

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20

Navarro García, Jesús Raúl. "Puerto Rico, 1808-1837. De la fidelidad al conflicto." Memorias 19 (May 4, 2022): 44–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.19.976.5.

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Entre la guerra de la Independencia y la Constitución de 1837 se suceden en territorio peninsular y en las posesiones americanas del Imperio español múltiples sucesos que acabaron por señalar el camino que siguió el liberalismo peninsular para dilucidar una vieja cuestión: la del ordenamiento jurídico y político que debía aplicarse en los territorios de Ultramar. Lejos de tener el liberalismo peninsular una opinión monolítica respecto a los dominios coloniales el estudio del caso puertorriqueño nos muestra cómo hubo diferentes “sensibilidades” dentro del liberalismo y cómo éstas coexistieron incluso dentro de la Administración insular de los periodos absolutistas. Los procesos bélicos que llenan la historia peninsular en todo el período de estudio y los desastres naturales que afectan al suelo puertorriqueño -especialmente virulentos en la década de los treinta del siglo XIX- contribuyeron a un estado de cosas que condujo al alejamiento progresivo de las elites locales respecto a la política fiscal colonial seguida por la metrópoli. Este descontento, de base fiscal, se retroalimentó con las medidas políticas que la Constitución de 1837 introduce: la expulsión de los diputados americanos de las Cortes por un lado y la no aplicación de la normativa constitucional en las Antillas y Filipinas, dando lugar a una situación delicadísima que estuvo a punto de poner en peligro la estabilidad e incluso la existencia del llamado Imperio insular.

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21

Levison, Julie H. "Beyond quarantine: a history of leprosy in Puerto Rico, 1898-1930s." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 10, suppl 1 (2003): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702003000400011.

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From biblical times to the modern period, leprosy has been a disease associated with stigma. This mark of disgrace, physically present in the sufferers' sores and disfigured limbs, and embodied in the identity of a 'leper', has cast leprosy into the shadows of society. This paper draws on primary sources, written in Spanish, to reconstruct the social history of leprosy in Puerto Rico when the United States annexed this island in 1898. The public health policies that developed over the period of 1898 to the 1930s were unique to Puerto Rico because of the interplay between political events, scientific developments and popular concerns. Puerto Rico was influenced by the United States' priorities for public health, and the leprosy control policies that developed were superimposed on vestiges of the colonial Spanish public health system. During the United States' initial occupation, extreme segregation sacrificed the individual rights and liberties of these patients for the benefit of society. The lives of these leprosy sufferers were irrevocably changed as a result.

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22

Denis-Rosario, Milagros. "The Silence of the Black Militia:Socio-Historical Analysis of the British Attack to Puerto Rico of 1797." Memorias 14 (April 29, 2022): 48–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.14.653.2.

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Using the theory of silencing developed by Haitian anthropologist Michel-Rolph Trouillot this essay analyses the British attack to the island of Puerto Rico in 1797. It argues that Puerto Rican historiography neglected and silenced the pivotal role of Black Puerto Ricans in this historical event. This historical reflection also proposes a new way to revise the hegemonic historical discourse, which contributes in the marginalization of Black Puerto Ricans from the construction of the island‟s national identity.

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23

Nieves-Colón, Maria A., William J. Pestle, Austin W. Reynolds, Bastien Llamas, Constanza de la Fuente, Kathleen Fowler, Katherine M. Skerry, Edwin Crespo-Torres, Carlos D. Bustamante, and Anne C. Stone. "Ancient DNA Reconstructs the Genetic Legacies of Precontact Puerto Rico Communities." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 3 (November 9, 2019): 611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz267.

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Abstract Indigenous peoples have occupied the island of Puerto Rico since at least 3000 BC. Due to the demographic shifts that occurred after European contact, the origin(s) of these ancient populations, and their genetic relationship to present-day islanders, are unclear. We use ancient DNA to characterize the population history and genetic legacies of precontact Indigenous communities from Puerto Rico. Bone, tooth, and dental calculus samples were collected from 124 individuals from three precontact archaeological sites: Tibes, Punta Candelero, and Paso del Indio. Despite poor DNA preservation, we used target enrichment and high-throughput sequencing to obtain complete mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) from 45 individuals and autosomal genotypes from two individuals. We found a high proportion of Native American mtDNA haplogroups A2 and C1 in the precontact Puerto Rico sample (40% and 44%, respectively). This distribution, as well as the haplotypes represented, supports a primarily Amazonian South American origin for these populations and mirrors the Native American mtDNA diversity patterns found in present-day islanders. Three mtDNA haplotypes from precontact Puerto Rico persist among Puerto Ricans and other Caribbean islanders, indicating that present-day populations are reservoirs of precontact mtDNA diversity. Lastly, we find similarity in autosomal ancestry patterns between precontact individuals from Puerto Rico and the Bahamas, suggesting a shared component of Indigenous Caribbean ancestry with close affinity to South American populations. Our findings contribute to a more complete reconstruction of precontact Caribbean population history and explore the role of Indigenous peoples in shaping the biocultural diversity of present-day Puerto Ricans and other Caribbean islanders.

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24

Prewitt Díaz, Joseph Orlando, and James J. Prewitt. "The Spanish Hospital in Cayey in the Latter Part of the 19th Century." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 6, no. 3 (October 16, 2023): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2023/asjbccr.6323.

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This paper provides a detailed historical account of the Spanish Miliary Hospital in Cayey, Puerto Rico during the latter part of the 19th century, focusing on its role during the Spanish-American War and its impact on public health in Puerto Rico. The paper is divided into ten sections, each highlighting the development, growth, and function of the hospital during the Spanish American War and concludes with a look at the hospital today. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive historical account of the Spanish Hospital in Cayey in Puerto Rican history, shedding light on its role in military medicine and public health during the Spanish-American War in the Central Mountain Region of Puerto Rico.

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25

Castro, Filipe, Richard Fontanez, Gustavo Garcia, Raymond Tubby, and Wayne R. Lusardi. "The Nautical Archaeology of Puerto Rico." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 39, no. 1 (March 2010): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00237.x.

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26

Wiley, James W., Sylke Frahnert, Rafaela Aguilera Román, and Pascal Eckhoff. "Juan Cristóbal Gundlach's contributions to the knowledge of Puerto Rican birds and his influence on the development of natural history in Puerto Rico." Archives of Natural History 41, no. 2 (October 2014): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0246.

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The German naturalist, Juan Cristóbal Gundlach (1810–1896), resided in Cuba for the last 57 years of his life, except for two expeditions to Puerto Rico in 1873 and 1875–1876, when he explored the southwestern, western, and northeastern regions. Gundlach made representative collections of the island's fauna, which formed the nucleus of the first natural history museum in Puerto Rico. He substantially increased the number of species known from the island, and was the first naturalist to make meticulous observations and produce detailed reports of the island's natural history. Gundlach greatly influenced other naturalists in the island, so that a period of concerted advancement in knowledge of natural history occurred in the 1870s. That development coincided with the establishment of the first higher education institutions in the island, including the first natural history museum. The natural history museums eventually closed, and only a few of their specimens were passed to other institutions, including foreign museums. None of Gundlach's and few of his contemporaries’ specimens have survived in Puerto Rico.

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27

Baver, Sherrie. "Puerto Rico: Colonialism Revisited." Latin American Research Review 22, no. 2 (1987): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100022135.

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28

Lapp, Michael. "The Rise and Fall of Puerto Rico as a Social Laboratory, 1945–1965." Social Science History 19, no. 2 (1995): 169–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017284.

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Before the 1940s Puerto Rico was an obscure possession for most American social scientists, as indeed it was for most United States citizens. Conquered in the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico was overshadowed in the American consciousness by its more tumultuous neighbor Cuba. To be sure, by the 1930s, there were sparks of interest among foundation staffs, New Dealers, and radicals in the plight of the Puerto Rican poor. Yet on the whole the island continued to merit only cursory attention.

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29

Mercado-Diaz, Joel A., and Eugenio Santiago-Valentin. "Lichenological Studies in Puerto Rico: History and Current Status." Harvard Papers in Botany 15, no. 1 (June 2010): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3100/025.015.0124.

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30

Macpherson, Anne S. "History of Puerto Rico: A Panorama of Its People." Hispanic American Historical Review 88, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-012.

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31

Mauro, Frédéric. "Fernando Picô, Historia gênerai de Puerto Rico, Rio Pedras de Puerto Rico, Ediciones Huracan, 1986, 272 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 44, no. 3 (June 1989): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s039526490014449x.

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32

Franqui-Rivera, Harry. "National Mythologies: U.S. Citizenship for the People of Puerto Rico and Military Service." Memorias 21 (May 12, 2022): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.21.564.122.

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That Puerto Ricans became American citizens in 1917 have been attributed by many to the need for soldiers as the U.S. entered the First World War. Such belief has been enshrined in Puerto Rican popular national mythology. While there is a rich body of literature surrounding the decision to extend U.S. citizenship to Puerto Rico and its effect on the Puerto Ricans, few, if any, challenge the assumption that the need for manpower for the armies of the metropolis influenced that decision. Reducing the issue of citizenship to a need for manpower for the military o nly o b s c ures c o mp lex imp erial-colonial relations based upon racial structures of power. In this essay I hope to demonstrate that the need for soldiers was unrelated to the granting of citizenship in 1917. As the U.S. prepared for war, domestic politics and geopolitics were mostly responsible for accelerating the passing of the Jones Act.

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33

Luque Azcona, Emilio José. "Adverse climate and institutional responses in Puerto Rico (1823-1837)." Memorias 44 (2021): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.44.972.95.

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34

Cabán, Pedro A. "Puerto Rico: Equality and Freedom At IssuePuerto Rico: A Colonial Experiment." Hispanic American Historical Review 65, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-65.1.154.

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35

Caban, Pedro A., Juan M. Garcia-Passalacqua, and Raymond Carr. "Puerto Rico: Equality and Freedom at Issue." Hispanic American Historical Review 65, no. 1 (February 1985): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2514686.

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36

Navarro, José-Manuel. "Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico." Hispanic American Historical Review 80, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-80-3-615.

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37

Engel, Michael S., and Sara G. Prado. "First record of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Sphecodes from Puerto Rico (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)." Journal of Melittology, no. 39 (September 26, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i39.4781.

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The cleptoparasitic bee genus Sphecodes Latreille (Halictinae: Halictini) is recorded from Puerto Rico for the first time. Sphecodes (Austrosphecodes) tainoi Engel was previously known from western Cuba but is here recorded from a series of males and females captured in south-central, central, and western Puerto Rico. Images of the species are provided along with brief remarks on observed variations and possible future directions of study into their natural history.

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38

Rivera-Hernandez, Maricruz, Daeho Kim, Kevin H. Nguyen, Rebecca Thorsness, Yoojin Lee, Shailender Swaminathan, Rajnish Mehrotra, and Amal N. Trivedi. "Changes in Migration and Mortality Among Patients With Kidney Failure in Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria." JAMA Health Forum 3, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): e222534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.2534.

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ImportanceOn September 20, 2017, one of the most destructive hurricanes in US history made landfall in Puerto Rico. Anecdotal reports suggest that many persons with kidney failure left Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria; however, empirical estimates of migration and health outcomes for this population are scarce.ObjectiveTo assess the changes in migration and mortality among patients with kidney failure in need of dialysis treatment in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used an interrupted time-series design of 6-month mortality rates and migration of 11 652 patients who received hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis care in Puerto Rico before Hurricane Maria (before October 1, 2017) and/or during and after Hurricane Maria (on/after October 1, 2017). Data analyses were performed from February 12, 2019, to June 16, 2022..Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber of unique persons dialyzed in Puerto Rico per quarter; receipt of dialysis treatment outside Puerto Rico per quarter; and 6-month mortality rate per person-quarter for all persons undergoing dialysis.ExposuresHurricane Maria.ResultsThe entire study sample comprised 11 652 unique persons (mean [SD] age, 59 [14.7] years; 7157 [61.6%] men and 4465 [38.4%] women; 10 675 [91.9%] Hispanic individuals). There were 9022 patients with kidney failure and dialysis treatment before and 5397 patients after Hurricane Maria. Before the hurricane, the mean quarterly number of unique persons dialyzed in Puerto Rico was 2834 per quarter (95% CI, 2771-2897); afterwards it dropped to 261 (95% CI, −348 to −175; relative change, 9.2%). The percentage of persons who had 1 or more dialysis sessions outside of Puerto Rico in the next quarter following a previous dialysis in Puerto Rico was 7.1% before Hurricane Maria (95% CI, 4.8 to 9.3). There was a significant increase of 5.8 percentage points immediately after the hurricane (95% CI, 2.7 to 9.0). The 6-month mortality rate per person-quarter was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.09), and there was a nonsignificant increase in level of mortality rates and a nonsignificant decreasing trend in mortality rates.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest there was a significant increase in the number of people receiving dialysis outside of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. However, no significant differences in mortality rates before and after the hurricane were found, which may reflect disaster emergency preparedness among dialysis facilities and the population with kidney failure, as well as efforts from other stakeholders.

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Cubano, Astrid. "El cafe y la politica colonial en Puerto Rico a fines del siglo XIX: Dominacion mercantil en el Puerto de Arecibo." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 8, no. 1 (March 1990): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900002068.

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Durante el siglo xix, Puerto Rico fue una posesión colonial de España en forma estable. Es de interés recurrente entre los historiadores ponderar los elementos que establecieron esa relación colonial sobre una base firme. ¿Qué mantuvo unidas dos nacionalidades en un acuerdo que concedía acceso desigual al poder político? ¿Cuál fue la base del pacto colonial en el Puerto Rico del siglo xix?

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40

Espada-Brignoni, Teófilo, and Frances Ruiz-Alfaro. "Culture, Subjectivity, and Music in Puerto Rico." International Perspectives in Psychology 10, no. 1 (January 2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000001.

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Abstract. Understanding human phenomena requires an in-depth analysis of the interconnectedness that arises from a particular culture and its history. Subjectivity as well as a collective subjectivity emerges from human productions such as language and art in a specific time and place. In this article, we explore the role of African-based popular music genres such as bomba and plena as ways of negotiating narratives about Puerto Rican society. Popular music encompasses diverse meanings. Puerto Rican folk music’s subjectivity provides narratives that distance Puerto Ricans from an individualistic cosmovision, allowing us to understand the social and political dimensions of this complex Caribbean culture. The events of the summer of 2019, which culminated in the ousting of governor Ricardo Rosselló from his position, illustrate how music can foster social change.

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41

Lefty, Lauren. "“Puerto Rico Can Teach So Much”: The Hemispheric and Imperial Origins of the Educational War on Poverty." History of Education Quarterly 61, no. 4 (November 2021): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2021.44.

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AbstractThrough a focus on liberal academic and policy networks, this article considers how ideas and practices central to an educational “war on poverty” grew through connections between postwar Puerto Rico, Latin America, and New York. In particular, it analyzes how social scientific ideas about education's role in economic development found ample ground in the colonial Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as the island assumed the role of “laboratory” of democracy and development after the Second World War. The narrative then considers how this Cold War programming came to influence education initiatives in both U.S. foreign aid programs in Latin America and New York City in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly as the number of Puerto Rican students grew amid the Puerto Rican Great Migration. Ultimately, the article suggests a broader hemispheric and imperial framework in narrating the evolution of postwar education policy in the nation's largest city.

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42

Ortiz, Vilma. "Migration and Marriage among Puerto Rican Women." International Migration Review 30, no. 2 (June 1996): 460–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000204.

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Research on immigrant women in the last ten years has focused on developing a gendered understanding of the relationships among family, work, and migration. From this emerges a view of women as active agents in the migration process – using migration as an economic option that deals with gender ideology and practice. Migration among Puerto Rican women is an interesting case study with which to examine these relationships given the prominent role of women in this migration history and that the role of family characteristics have not been sufficiently studied with this population. This paper examines the effect of family indicators on migration from, and return migration to, Puerto Rico among women in the 1980s. It appears that women use migration to gain independence as single women and mothers since unmarried women were more likely to migrate from Puerto Rico than married women. On the other hand, we see evidence of a traditional route in which women follow men in the migration stream since women recently married were more likely to migrate from, and return to, Puerto Rico. Women married for longer periods of time are the least likely to migrate. Finally, it appears that women use migration to counter limited marriage opportunities in Puerto Rico since unmarried women were less likely to return there and since there were more changes in marital status after women migrated to New York than after returning to Puerto Rico.

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43

Rodríguez Treviño, Julio César. "Élites y política colonia en los márgenes del imperio. Puerto Rico, 1765-1815." Memorias 28 (May 10, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.28.0105.

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Elites y política colonia en los márgenes del imperio. Puerto Rico, 1765-1815, es una obra bien lograda que cubre un amplio espectro de la historia de Puerto Rico, José Manuel Espinosa presenta una interpretación de cómo los grupos dirigentes de dicha isla se adaptan a los procesos de cambio generados por la política del gobierno isleño y peninsular durante las reformas borbónicas, los movimientos de independencia hispanoamericanos y la reorganización administrativa derivada de las Cortes de Cádiz.

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Naranjo Orovio, Consuelo, and Miguel Ángel Puig-Samper. "Fernando de los Ríos, a voice of the exiled Spanish Republican at the University of Puerto Rico." Culture & History Digital Journal 7, no. 1 (July 6, 2018): 005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.005.

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The host of Spanish Republican intellectuals after the Spanish Civil War was linked to the establishment of scientific networks that had been forged before the exile. These networks provided a platform to the Spanish intellectual exile in many American countries. Puerto Rico was one of them. Its university supported the arrival of Republican professors and scientists, some of whom had already been on the island teaching some courses since 1924. Besides, the University of Puerto Rico invited several exiled professors to temporarily stay as guests. Fernando de los Rios was one of them. He stayed as professor in 1928 and 1944. His personal experience, ideology and conception of History and the past were reflected in the classes Fernando de los Rios gave at the University of Puerto Rico in 1944.

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Cabán, Pedro. "Hurricane Maria's Aftermath: Redefining Puerto Rico's Colonial Status?" Current History 118, no. 805 (February 1, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2019.118.805.43.

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LIOGIER, HENRI ALAIN. "BOTANY AND BOTANISTS IN PUERTO RICO." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 776, no. 1 The Scientifi (June 1996): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17410.x.

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BORGES, SONIA. "THE TERRESTRIAL OLIGOCHAETES OF PUERTO RICO." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 776, no. 1 The Scientifi (June 1996): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17423.x.

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Thomas W. Sherry, José González Díaz, Felisa Collazo Torres, Raúl A. Pérez-Rivera, Justin Proctor, Herbert Raffaele, and Adrianne Tossas. "The Puerto Rican Tody (<em>Todus mexicanus</em>): what’s in a name?" Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 37 (June 15, 2024): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2024.37.27-34.

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Abstract The Puerto Rican Tody’s scientific name Todus mexicanus prompts the question of how an endemic Puerto Rican species acquired such a confusingly inappropriate name. Here we address the nomenclatural history of this species to address how and when this misnomer arose, and we use this case study to discuss the pros and cons of changing scientific names. We argue that a variety of circumstances warrant changing mexicanus to borinquensis, despite strong opposition based on International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature rules discouraging changes of toponyms (names based on geographical locations). We discuss several alternatives for the change, emphasizing the potential role of Puerto Ricans. Keywords conservation, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Latin names, nomenclatural history, Puerto Rican Tody, Todidae, Todus mexicanus Resumen El San Pedrito de Puerto Rico (Todus mexicanus): ¿Qué hay en un nombre? • El nombre científico del San Pedrito de Puerto Rico, Todus mexicanus, plantea la pregunta de cómo una especie endémica de Puerto Rico adquirió un nombre tan confusamente inapropiado. Aquí abordamos la historia nomenclatural de esta especie para entender cómo y cuándo surgió este error de denominación, y utilizamos este estudio de caso para discutir los pros y los contras de cambiar los nombres científicos. Argumentamos que una variedad de circunstancias justifican cambiar mexicanus a borinquensis, a pesar de la fuerte oposición basada en las reglas de la Comisión Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica que desaconsejan los cambios de topónimos (nombres basados en ubicaciones geográficas). Discutimos varias alternativas para el cambio, destacando el papel potencial de los puertorriqueños. Palabras clave Comisión Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, conservación, historia nomenclatural, nombres científicos, San Pedrito de Puerto Rico, Todidae, Todus mexicanus Résumé Le Todier de Porto Rico (Todus mexicanus) : qu’est-ce qu’un nom ? • Le nom scientifique du Todier de Porto Rico Todus mexicanus soulève la question de savoir comment une espèce endémique portoricaine a pu acquérir un nom aussi inapproprié qui prête à confusion. Nous abordons ici l’histoire nomenclaturale de cette espèce afin de déterminer comment et quand cette erreur de nom est apparue, et nous utilisons cette étude de cas pour discuter des avantages et des inconvénients d’un changement de nom scientifique. Nous soutenons que plusieurs considérations justifient le changement de mexicanus en borinquensis, malgré une forte opposition fondée sur les règles de la Commission internationale de nomenclature zoologique décourageant les changements de toponymes (noms basés sur des emplacements géographiques). Nous examinons plusieurs possibilités de changement, en insistant sur le rôle potentiel des Portoricains. Mots clés Commission internationale de nomenclature zoologique, conservation, histoire nomenclaturale, Todidae, Todier de Porto Rico, Todus mexicanus

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Landale, Nancy S., and Nimfa B. Ogena. "Migration and Union Dissolution among Puerto Rican Women." International Migration Review 29, no. 3 (September 1995): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900303.

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This study examines the relationship between migration and union dissolution among Puerto Ricans, a Latino subgroup characterized by recurrent migration between Puerto Rico and the U.S. mainland. Based on pooled life-history data from comparable surveys undertaken in Puerto Rico and the United States, we find that: 1) Puerto Rican women who have lived on the U.S. mainland have markedly higher rates of union disruption than those with no U.S. experience; and 2) even net of a wide variety of possible explanatory factors, the relatively high rates of union instability among first and second generation U.S. residents and return migrants are strongly related to recent and lifetime migration experience. The results suggest that the weak social ties of migrants provide limited social support for their unions and few barriers to union disruption.

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Thomas W. Sherry. "The Root of the Antilles: a History of the Todidae Family." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 34 (December 3, 2021): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2021.34.85-87.

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THE ROOT OF THE ANTILLES: A HISTORY OF THE TODIDAE FAMILY. José González Díaz and Felisa Collazo Torres. 2019. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Utuando, Puerto Rico. 150 pages. ISBN 978-1727036404. $35.00.

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