Journal articles: 'Puerto Rico Manufacturers Association'

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Vera-Urbina, Ibis R., Estefania Ayala, Ediel Rodriguez, Hilmaris Centeno-Girona, Leslie Casiano, Belisa Suarez, Marcia Cruz-Correa, and Maria Gonzalez-Pons. "Abstract 3526: Host genetic susceptibility to gut microbiota-driven colorectal carcinogenesis." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3526.

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Abstract Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 1st and 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men and women in Puerto Rico and the U.S., respectively. A dynamic balance between the host immune system and the gut bacterial communities is essential to protect colonic tissues against chronic inflammation, which may lead to CRC. The main goal of this study was to investigate if SNPs in the promoter regions of the IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, key cytokines that regulate gut inflammation, increase the risk for colorectal adenomas by enriching a subset of the toxin-producing gut microbiota (gene-environment interaction). Methods: Using a case-control study design, associations between having pro-inflammatory SNPs and/or bacterial toxins in colonic mucosa or stool were assessed using odds ratios. TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays (ThermoFisher Scientific) for IL- 1β (rs1143627), IL-6 (rs1800795), and IL-10 (rs1800871) were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The presence of bacterial toxin genes (pks, TcPC, GelE, cnf-1, CDT, murB, and usp) in stool were determined using the QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR kit (QIAGEN). Results: Our preliminary analyses showed that individuals with the IL-1β pro-inflammatory genotype were 1.5-times more likely to have colorectal adenomas (n=232; p=0.1). Detection of usp or pks in stool (n=147) was positively associated with having adenomas (OR=2.95; CI 95%= 0.92-9.45 and OR=2.91; CI 95%=0.58-14.50, respectively). Conclusion: An evaluation of the association between having pro-inflammatory genotypes, the presence of bacterial toxin genes in stool, and colorectal adenomas using a larger sample size is warranted and currently underway. The integration of modifiable (e.g. gut bacterial toxins) and non-modifiable (e.g. host genetics) risk factors in a stratified model for CRC risk stratification and/or prevention may enhance current screening approaches. Citation Format: Ibis R. Vera-Urbina, Estefania Ayala, Ediel Rodriguez, Hilmaris Centeno-Girona, Leslie Casiano, Belisa Suarez, Marcia Cruz-Correa, Maria Gonzalez-Pons. Host genetic susceptibility to gut microbiota-driven colorectal carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3526.

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Hohmann, Ann A., Madeleine Richeport, Bernadette M. Marriott, Glorisa J. Canino, Maritza Rubio-Stipec, and Hector Bird. "Spiritism in Puerto Rico." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 3 (March 1990): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.3.328.

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Using data from the first community-based, epidemiological survey of Puerto Rico, this paper examines the current prevalence of use of spiritist healers by Puerto Ricans, the role of spiritism in the provision of mental health services, and the association between spiritism and psychiatric disorders and symptoms. Those who visit spiritists were found to be more likely to work outside the home, to have a low family income, to have sought help for emotional problems from mental health professionals, and to have mild symptoms of depression.

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Pollett, Simon, Caitlin H. Kuklis, David A. Barvir, Richard G. Jarman, Rachel M. Romaine, Brett M. Forshey, and Gregory D. Gromowski. "The seroepidemiology of dengue in a US military population based in Puerto Rico during the early phase of the Zika pandemic." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0009986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009986.

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Understanding the burden and risk factors of dengue virus (DENV) infection in Puerto Rico is important for the prevention of dengue in local, traveler and military populations. Using sera from the Department of Defense Serum Repository, we estimated the prevalence and predictors of DENV seropositivity in those who had served in Puerto Rico, stratified by birth or prior residence (“birth/residence”) in dengue-endemic versus non-endemic regions. We selected sera collected in early 2015 from 500 U.S. military members, a time-point also permitting detection of early cryptic Zika virus (ZIKV) circulation. 87.2% were born or resided in a DENV-endemic area before their military service in Puerto Rico. A high-throughput, flow-cytometry-based neutralization assay was employed to screen sera for ZIKV and DENV neutralizing antibodies, and confirmatory testing was done by plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). We identified one Puerto Rico resident who seroconverted to ZIKV by June 2015, suggesting cryptic ZIKV circulation in Puerto Rico at least 4 months before the first reported cases. A further six PRNT-positive presumptive ZIKV infections which were resolved as DENV infections only by the use of paired sera. We noted 66.8% of the total study sample was DENV seropositive by early 2015. Logistic regression analysis indicated that birth/residence in a dengue non-endemic region (before military service in Puerto Rico) was associated with a lower odds of DENV exposure by January—June 2015 (aOR = 0.28, p = 0.001). Among those with birth/residence in a non-endemic country, we noted moderate evidence to support increase in odds of DENV exposure for each year of military service in Puerto Rico (aOR = 1.58, p = 0.06), but no association with age. In those with birth/residence in dengue-endemic regions (before military service in Puerto Rico), we noted that age (aOR = 1.04, p = 0.02), rather than duration of Puerto Rico service, was associated with dengue seropositivity, suggesting earlier lifetime DENV exposure. Our findings provide insights into the burden and predictors of DENV infection in local, traveler and military populations in Puerto Rico. Our study also highlights substantial PRNT ZIKV false-positivity when paired sera are not available, even during periods of very low ZIKV prevalence.

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Lecours, André, and Valérie Vézina. "The Politics of Nationalism and Status in Puerto Rico." Canadian Journal of Political Science 50, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 1083–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423917000488.

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AbstractOver the last several decades, nationalist movements in liberal democracies have challenged their community's relationship with the state. One such case that has drawn relatively little attention is Puerto Rico. A peculiar feature of Puerto Rican politics is that powerful nationalism coexists with several distinct status options: a reform of the current Commonwealth, statehood (becoming an American state), free association and independence. This article examines the various sources for Puerto Rican nationalism and discusses the relationship between nationalism and each of the status options. It also explains why none of the options has succeeded in gathering majority support amongst Puerto Ricans and why, therefore, the constitutional status quo has so far remained on the island.

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Gonzalez-Pons, Maria, Valeria Valentin, Ingrid Montes-Rodriguez, Maria J. Sanchez, Fabiola M. Morales, Ibis R. Vera-Urbina, Valerie Maldonado-Pino, et al. "Abstract 2266: Host genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 and pandemic -associated stressors." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2266.

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Abstract Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes have been reported to impact infectious disease outcomes and are associated with altered emotional states. High levels of these cytokines, which have a role in regulating inflammation, have been detected among individuals with severe COVID-19 disease. The objective of this study was to examine if pro-inflammatory SNPs in the promoter region of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes are associated with more severe COVID-19 disease and/or increased anxiety/stress levels in response to pandemic-associated stressors in a vulnerable Hispanic population that is part of the Puerto Rico Colorectal Cancer Registry. Methods: TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays (ThermoFisher Scientific) for IL-1β (rs1143627), IL-6 (rs1800795), and IL-10 (rs1800871) were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations in individuals between the ages of 21 to 75 (n=136). We assessed their anxiety and stress levels using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Of these individuals, we evaluated those that had been previously infected with COVID-19 (n=38) for their symptom severity through a questionnaire. Chi-Square tests and Multivariate Logistic Regressions were used to calculate associations and ORs. Results: Preliminary analysis showed an association between having the homozygous IL-1β pro-inflammatory SNP and reporting fever as a symptom (OR=2.50, p-value=0.05). Individuals with the homozygous IL-10 pro-inflammatory SNP had higher odds of reporting difficulty breathing (OR= 4.51, p-value = 0.02), shortness of breath (OR=7.82, p-value=0.006), and fatigue as symptoms (OR=4.43, p-value=0.020. Further analysis also showed an association between having the homozygous IL-10 pro-inflammatory SNP and reporting at least 1 severe COVID-19 symptom (OR=3.38, p-value=0.046). Those with the homozygous or heterozygous IL-6 pro-inflammatory allele were less likely to report higher anxiety levels than those with the wild-type allele (OR=0.1447, p-value=0.04). We also observed that individuals between the ages of 21 to 49 were more likely to report changes in diet (OR=1.65, p-value=0.059) and constantly disinfecting as a pandemic-related stressor (OR=1.87, p-value=0.04) compared to individuals between the ages of 50 to 79. Conclusions: Pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-10 SNPs were associated with reporting fever and more severe symptoms of COVID-19, respectively. Data analysis using a larger sample size is warranted and is currently underway. Studies focused on examining that factors that contribute to more severe COVID-19 symptoms and how pandemic-associated stressors promote higher inflammation levels as a result of increased stress/anxiety are needed to fully understand the long-term effects the pandemic on public health, including possible increases in cancer incidence due to chronic inflammation. Citation Format: Maria Gonzalez-Pons, Valeria Valentin, Ingrid Montes-Rodriguez, Maria J. Sanchez, Fabiola M. Morales, Ibis R. Vera-Urbina, Valerie Maldonado-Pino, Estefania I. Ayala, Ediel Rodriguez, Hilmaris Centeno-Girona, Belisa Suarez, Leslie Casiano, Ana Sala, Marcia Cruz-Correa. Host genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 and pandemic -associated stressors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2266.

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Dechant, E. J., and J. G. Rigau-Pérez. "Hospitalizations for suspected dengue in Puerto Rico, 1991-1995: estimation by capture-recapture methods. The Puerto Rico Association of Epidemiologists." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 61, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.574.

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Ramos-Olazagasti, María A., Patrick E. Shrout, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Glorisa J. Canino, and Héctor R. Bird. "Contextual risk and promotive processes in Puerto Rican youths' internalizing trajectories in Puerto Rico and New York." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 3 (July 23, 2013): 755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000151.

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AbstractResearch on ethnic-minority youths' mental health has rarely examined developmental trajectories for the same ethnic group in contexts where they are a minority versus where they are the majority or mechanisms accounting for differences in trajectories across such contexts. This study examines Puerto Rican youth residing in two contexts, one in which they are in their home culture of Puerto Rico and one in which they are a minority group, in New York. We explore the relationship among social context, minority status, risk, resilience, and trajectories of internalizing symptoms after adjusting for factors related to migration. We found that youths' reports of internalizing symptoms declined over time. Youths in New York had higher levels of internalizing symptoms than did youths in Puerto Rico, but they had similar trajectories. Differences in internalizing symptoms across the two social contexts were accounted for by experiences of discrimination and exposure to violence. Parental monitoring was associated with fewer internalizing symptoms across the two sites, although this effect diminished over time. Contrary to what was expected, family religiosity was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms. This association was stronger in New York than in the Puerto Rico site.

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Loiselle, Aimee. "US Imperialism and Puerto Rican Needleworkers: Sovereignty, Citizenship, and Women's Labor in a Deep History of Neoliberal Trade." International Labor and Working-Class History 98 (2020): 142–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547920000137.

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AbstractIn 1898, US occupation of Puerto Rico opened possibilities for experimentation with manufacturing, investment, tariffs, and citizenship because the Treaty of Paris did not address territorial incorporation. Imperial experimentation started immediately and continued through the liberal policies of the New Deal and World War II, consistently reproducing drastic exceptions. These exceptions were neither permanent nor complete, but the rearrangements of sovereignty and citizenship established Puerto Rico as a site of potential and persistent exemption. Puerto Rican needleworkers were central to the resulting colonial industrialization-not as dormant labor awaiting outside developmental forces but as skilled workers experienced in production. Following US occupation, continental trade agents and manufacturers noted the intricate needlework of Puerto Rican women and their employment in homes and small shops for contractors across the island. Their cooptation and adaptation of this contracting system led to the colonial industrialization, generating bureaucratic, financial, and legal infrastructure later used in Operation Bootstrap, a long-term economic plan devised in the 1940s and 1950s. Labor unions and aggrieved workers contested and resisted this colonial industrialization. They advocated their own proposals and pushed against US economic policies and insular business management. Throughout these fights, the asymmetrical power of the federal government and industrial capital allowed the colonial regime to assert US sovereignty while continually realigning exemptions and redefining citizenship for liberal economic objectives. Rather than representing a weakening of the nation-state, this strong interventionist approach provided scaffolding for Operation Bootstrap, which became a model for the neoliberal projects called export processing zones (EPZs).

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Yan, Qi, John Brehm, Maria Pino-Yanes, Erick Forno, Jerome Lin, Sam S. Oh, Edna Acosta-Perez, et al. "A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in Puerto Ricans." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 5 (May 2017): 1601505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01505-2016.

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Puerto Ricans are disproportionately affected with asthma in the USA. In this study, we aim to identify genetic variants that confer susceptibility to asthma in Puerto Ricans.We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of asthma in Puerto Ricans, including participants from: the Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans (GALA) I-II, the Hartford–Puerto Rico Study and the Hispanic Community Health Study. Moreover, we examined whether susceptibility loci identified in previous meta-analyses of GWAS are associated with asthma in Puerto Ricans.The only locus to achieve genome-wide significance was chromosome 17q21, as evidenced by our top single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs907092 (OR 0.71, p=1.2×10−12) at IKZF3. Similar to results in non-Puerto Ricans, SNPs in genes in the same linkage disequilibrium block as IKZF3 (e.g. ZPBP2, ORMDL3 and GSDMB) were significantly associated with asthma in Puerto Ricans. With regard to results from a meta-analysis in Europeans, we replicated findings for rs2305480 at GSDMB, but not for SNPs in any other genes. On the other hand, we replicated results from a meta-analysis of North American populations for SNPs at IL1RL1, TSLP and GSDMB but not for IL33.Our findings suggest that common variants on chromosome 17q21 have the greatest effects on asthma in Puerto Ricans.

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González-Rodríguez, Alexis, María E. Santiago-Rodríguez, Marcos A. Amalbert-Birriel, and Farah A. Ramírez-Marrero. "Association Between Children’S Screen Time And Parent’S Sitting Time In Puerto Rico." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000488200.27490.6b.

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Ballester, Veroushka, Xiuqing Guo, Roberto Vendrell, Talin Haritunians, Alexandra M. Klomhaus, Dalin Li, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Jerome I. Rotter, Esther A. Torres, and Kent D. Taylor. "Association of NOD2 and IL23R with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Puerto Rico." PLoS ONE 9, no. 9 (September 26, 2014): e108204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108204.

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Cruz, César A. "Henry Klumb: Puerto Rico’s critical modernist." Architectural Research Quarterly 23, no. 1 (March 2019): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135519000095.

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In February 1944 a thirty-nine-year-old itinerant architect named Heinrich ‘Henry’ Klumb [1] (1905–1984), moved to the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico for what was supposed to be a short-term, public works job with the island’s provincial government, that is, a territorial government that had been established and was largely supervised by the American federal government. At the time of his arrival on the island, Klumb was a one-time German immigrant, a former protégé of Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Kahn’s occasional design and business partner during the mid-to-late 1930s, and a moderately successful designer of a variety of projects and building types. These early projects and building types included residences, prototype prefabricated buildings and houses, museum exhibits, furniture pieces, and a number of housing and urban master plans. Over the next forty years he would emerge as Puerto Rico’s most locally well-known and prolific modern architect. His major successes on the island consisted of his public works, university buildings, churches, residences, and office buildings. Outside of Puerto Rico, his association with Frank Lloyd Wright has also generated a measure of interest.

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RIOS-LÓPEZ, NEFTALÍ, and RICHARD THOMAS. "A new species of palustrine Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Puerto Rico." Zootaxa 1512, no. 1 (June 21, 2007): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1512.1.3.

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We describe adult morphology, advertisement call, and natural history diagnostic of a new species of Eleutherodactylus from a fresh water (palustrine) herbaceous wetland of northern coastal Puerto Rico. The new species is apparently the smallest Puerto Rican Eleutherodactylus and is morphologically most similar to E. gryllus, which inhabits high-elevation humid forests and cloud forests. Although both species have well-developed glands throughout the body, morphological ratios, body coloration, frequency of calls, call structure, and habitat association indicate that it is a well-differentiated species. The new species and E. gryllus may have diverged from an ancestral wetland-dwelling species.

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Idris, A. M., J. Bird, D. M. Rogan, and J. K. Brown. "Molecular Characterization of Rhynchosia mosaic virus-Puerto Rico Associated with Symptomatic Rhynchosia minima and Cajanus cajan in Puerto Rico." Plant Disease 86, no. 5 (May 2002): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.558c.

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A begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) has long been suspected to be associated with Rhynchosia mosaic (RhM) disease of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., a weed that is widespread in Puerto Rico (PR). The suspect virus has been transmitted by the Sida biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and has been designated RhM virus-PR (RhMV-PR) (1) (synonym, Rhynchosia mosaic virus [RMV]). RhM symptoms in R. minima included yellow foliar mosaic and stunting. The virus has a broad experimental host range and infects species in the Fabaceae, including R. minima, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), and Clitoria falcata L. (1). However, until now RhMV has not been identified from naturally infected pigeon pea or Clitoria falcata. R. minima and C. cajan plants exhibiting yellow foliar mosaic and stunting symptoms were collected in Puerto Rico. Using the B biotype of B. tabaci as the vector, their whitefly transmissibility from the respective source plant to R. minima and C. cajan test plants was confirmed, and symptoms in inoculated host were indistinguishable for both isolates. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers (2), three amplicons were obtained and cloned for each isolate. PCR products (1.1 and 2.1 kbp) were assembled (~200 nucleotide [nt] overlap) to yield an apparent full-length DNA A component (~2.6 kbp) containing the diagnostically informative viral coat protein gene (CP) and common region (CR-A). PCR primers were used to amplify the DNA B component segment (0.7 kbp) containing the CR-B (2). The DNA sequence for the core CP (533 nt) and full CP (750 nt) were compared with analogous sequences for well-studied begomoviruses, and CR-A and CR-B (153 nt) were compared for RhMV isolates. All isolates noted were obtained from GenBank. The core CP for isolates from R. minima (AF442117) and C. cajan (AY062025) shared 97.9% nucleotide identity (100% AA similarity) and the CR-A (AF442118) and CR-B (AF442119) sequences for R. minima and C. cajan isolates were ~96% identical, indicating the A and B components are of the same begomovirus. Comparison of the core CP sequence for an independent isolate from C. cajan from PR (AY028308) (4) with those for R. minima and C. cajan isolates indicated 95.5% (99.4% AA) and 96.2% (99.4% AA) nucleotide identity, respectively, indicating association of RhMV with both C. cajan samples. The recently archived core CP (533 nt) (AY028308) is actually of RhMV-PR, rather than a distinct begomovirus species, as indicated (4). Interestingly, the core CP of R. minima (AF442117) and C. cajan (AY062025) isolates were 91.7% (98.9% AA) and 92.3% (98.9% AA) identical, respectively, with a PR isolate from Clitoria falcata (AF070924), also confirming that RhMV-PR naturally infects Clitoria falcata. Analysis of the full CP for the R. minima and C. cajan isolates revealed that their closest relatives were Macroptilium mosaic virus (MaMV-PR) (AF176092) and Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV-PR) (M10070) at 89 and 84% nucleotide identity, respectively. Applying the 90% CP rule (3) to RhMV CP sequences, RhMV is a distinct begomovirus species. At least three begomoviruses, BGMV-PR, MaMV-PR, and RhMV-PR, naturally infect leguminous species in Puerto Rico. References: (1) J. Bird. Phytopathology 52:286, 1962. (2) A. M. Idris and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 88:648, 1998. (3) M. A. Mayo and C. R. Pringle. J. Gen. Virol. 79:649, 1998. (4) R. L. Rodriguez et al. Plant Dis. 85:1119, 2001.

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Matos-Moreno, Amilcar, Neil Mehta, Eduardo Villamor, Lu Wang, and Carlos Mendes de Leon. "SOCIAL SUPPORT AND LONELINESS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE ONSET OF DISABILITY AMONG PUERTO RICAN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1432.

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Abstract Background The effect of loneliness and social support on health is poorly understood among older Puerto Ricans. As family size continues to decrease in Puerto Rico due to out-migration, a higher number of older adults have fewer family members to rely on, which may lead to detrimental health outcomes.Method: Using both waves (2002-03 and 2006-07) of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions database, we examined the association between social support, living alone, and incident disability among a sample of older adults over 60 years of age residing in Puerto Rico. Disability was defined as the occurrence of difficulties with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Results 13.4% of older adults in our sample developed some form of disability. Older adults who developed a disability indicated receiving higher levels of social support (2.04 vs. 1.64) and loneliness (30.7% vs. 22.8%). Using multivariate logistic regression, we found that receiving social support increased the odds of developing a disability by 17% (OR: 1.17; CI: 1.02 – 1.35). Older adults who live alone had 58% higher odds of developing a disability (OR: 1.58; CI: 1.01 – 2.46). Conclusion The presence of social support and loneliness was correlated with a population prone to developing disabilities. Our findings concur with the well-established literature on psychosocial determinants in late life. However, this study represents the first attempt to understand psychosocial measures and disability in Puerto Rico. Public health organizations and healthcare systems must develop new societal mechanisms of support for older adults at risk of developing disabilities.

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Matos-Moreno, Amilcar, Neil Mehta, Eduardo Villamor, Lu Wang, and Carlos Mendes de Leon. "SOCIAL SUPPORT AND LONELINESS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE ONSET OF DISABILITY AMONG PUERTO RICAN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2617.

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Abstract Background The effect of loneliness and social support on health is poorly understood among older Puerto Ricans. As family size continues to decrease in Puerto Rico due to out-migration, a higher number of older adults have fewer family members to rely on, which may lead to detrimental health outcomes.Method: Using both waves (2002-03 and 2006-07) of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions database, we examined the association between social support, living alone, and incident disability among a sample of older adults over 60 years of age residing in Puerto Rico. Disability was defined as the occurrence of difficulties with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Results 13.4% of older adults in our sample developed some form of disability. Older adults who developed a disability indicated receiving higher levels of social support (2.04 vs. 1.64) and loneliness (30.7% vs. 22.8%). Using multivariate logistic regression, we found that receiving social support increased the odds of developing a disability by 17% (OR: 1.17; CI: 1.02 – 1.35). Older adults who live alone had 58% higher odds of developing a disability (OR: 1.58; CI: 1.01 – 2.46). Conclusion The presence of social support and loneliness was correlated with a population prone to developing disabilities. Our findings concur with the well-established literature on psychosocial determinants in late life. However, this study represents the first attempt to understand psychosocial measures and disability in Puerto Rico. Public health organizations and healthcare systems must develop new societal mechanisms of support for older adults at risk of developing disabilities.

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Ríos-Bedoya, Carlos F., and Joseph J. Gallo. "The Association of Alcohol Use and Depression Among Puerto Ricans in the United States and in Puerto Rico." Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j233v02n01_01.

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Torres-Ayala, Gloria M., Marcos A. Amalbert-Birriel, and Farah A. Ramirez Marrero. "Association Between Anthropometric Measures and Sedentary Time in HIV+ Adults in Puerto Rico." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485479.48731.47.

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P, Ashrap, Watkins D, Rosario Z, Vélez-Vega C, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero J, and Meeker J. "Maternal Blood Metal levels in Association with Birth Outcomes in Northern Puerto Rico." Environmental Epidemiology 3 (October 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ee9.0000605772.77382.df.

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Chance, William W., Karen J. Ortiz-Ortiz, Kai-Ping Liao, Diego E. Zavala Zegarra, Michael C. Stauder, Sharon H. Giordano, Guillermo Tortolero-Luna, and B. Ashleigh Guadagnolo. "Underuse of Radiation Therapy After Breast Conservation Surgery in Puerto Rico: A Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry–Health Insurance Linkage Database Study." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.008664.

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Purpose To identify rates of postoperative radiation therapy (RT) after breast conservation surgery (BCS) in women with stage I or II invasive breast cancer treated in Puerto Rico and to examine the sociodemographic and health services characteristics associated with variations in receipt of RT. Methods The Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry–Health Insurance Linkage Database was used to identify patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2008 and 2012 in Puerto Rico. Claims codes identified the type of surgery and the use of RT. Logistic regression models were used to examine the independent association between sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results Among women who received BCS as their primary definitive treatment, 64% received adjuvant RT. Significant predictors of RT after BCS included enrollment in Medicare (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.46 to 3.13; P ≤ .01) and dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.27; P < .01). In addition, it was found that RT was more likely to have been received in certain geographic locations, including the Metro-North (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.48 to 3.28; P < .01), North (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.64; P < .01), West (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 2.61 to 6.25; P < .01), and Southwest (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.70 to 4.59; P < .01). Furthermore, patients with tumor size > 2.0 cm and ≤ 5.0 cm (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.93; P = .02) and those with tumor size > 5.0 cm (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.92; P = .03) were found to be significantly less likely to receive RT. Conclusion Underuse of RT after BCS was identified in Puerto Rico. Patients enrolled in Medicare and those who were dually eligible for Medicaid and Medicare were more likely to receive RT after BCS compared with patients with Medicaid alone. There were geographic variations in the receipt of RT on the island.

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Hemler, Elena, Martha Tamez, Jose Rodriguez Orengo, and Josiemer Mattei. "Positive Attitudes and Reasons for Consuming Legumes Are Associated with Legume Intake Among Adults in Puerto Rico." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_052.

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Abstract Objectives Legumes are a healthy staple of the traditional Puerto Rican diet. Emphasizing legume intake could be a culturally acceptable strategy for chronic disease prevention in Puerto Rico. This study aimed to investigate attitudes, reasons, intentions, and expectations about legume consumption in Puerto Rico and associations with dietary intake. Methods This study includes adult participants (30–75y) from the Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle and Diseases, who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and a legumes questionnaire (n = 206). Attitudes and reasons were assessed with a Likert scale and assigned 0 points for disagree, 1 point for neutral, and 2 points for agree. Scores were computed by summing the points for 12 attitudes or 12 reasons; higher scores indicate more positive attitudes and stronger reasons for consuming legumes. Adjusted linear regression models examined associations between each score and bean intake, rice intake, and ratio of bean to rice intake. Adjusted logistic regression models tested the associations between specific intentions and expectations about legume consumption and bean intake. Results Most participants were female (70%), Puerto Rican (80%), and lived in urban areas (90%). Participants reported consuming a median of 0.47 servings/d of beans and 0.57 servings/d of rice. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, each additional positive attitude was associated with a 0.08 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.1) servings/d higher bean intake and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.04, 1.28) higher ratio of bean to rice intake. Each additional reason to consume legumes was associated with a 0.04 (95% CI: 0.004, 0.06) servings/d higher bean intake. No other significant associations were observed for the attitudes or reasons scores, nor for expectations or intentions to consume legumes. Conclusions Having positive attitudes and more reasons for consuming legumes are associated with higher bean intake. Positive attitudes are also associated with a higher ratio of bean to rice intake. Interventions aiming to increase legume intake to prevent cardiometabolic disease in Puerto Rico should emphasize building positive attitudes and reasons for consuming legumes. Funding Sources Anonymous donations; Northarvest Bean Growers Association; FDI Clinical Research; and National Institutes of Health.

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Buckley, Tommy, Denise Burnette, Humberto Fabelo, and Mauricio Yabar. "Sense of Community and Quality of Life for Older Adults In Puerto Rico 2 Years After Hurricane Maria." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.074.

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Abstract Psychological sense of community plays an important role in the wellbeing of older adults, especially in cultures that revolve around community involvement and support. In 2017, Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico, deeply altering community structure and social life. This study draws on the Ecological Theory of Aging to test the proposition that older adults’ sense of community is associated with self-assessed quality of life two years later. We conducted face-to-face interviews with a non-probability sample of 154 community-dwelling adults aged 60+ in Puerto Rico. We measured sense of community with the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) (range 0-32, mean= 24.75, SD= 6.04) and quality of life (QOL) with the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (range 0-32, mean= 21.61, SD=5.92). We used multiple linear regression to test the association of sense of community and quality of life while controlling for relevant covariates. Higher levels of sense of community were associated with better quality of life (β=0.270, p<0.001), while increased mental health symptoms (β=-0.557, p<0.001) and poor self-rated health (β=2.964, SE=7.17, p<0.001) were associated with lower quality of life. Findings indicate that sense of community is an important contributor to older adult’s quality of life in Puerto Rico, perhaps in part due to cultural and age-related factors. Moreover, sense of community may serve as a protective factor against adverse outcomes after large scale natural disasters. Researchers should continue to examine this association while advocating for and developing policies and programs that promote older adults' sense of community in post-disaster contexts.

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Pacheco, María, Laura Deliz, Iris Martínez, and Luisa Morales. "Epidemiological Profile of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in a Diagnostic Center in Southern Puerto Rico, 2006-2017." Epidemiology – Open Journal 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/epoj-7-127.

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Objective This study has the purpose of developing an epidemiological profile of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in southern Puerto Rico. Methods This is an exploratory study with a mixed design that was carried out in a diagnostic center located in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The population under study were children within 0-18-years-old of both sexes diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder using the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-4) and DSM-5 criteria. The sample under investigation were all the children in the secondary database of children who received health services in the diagnostic center during 2016-2017. Additionally, to the data from the secondary database, a hand-writing record review was performed to obtain data related to comorbidities and family history. The bivariate and multivariate analysis evaluated the association between each neurodevelopmental disorder, and each disease reported in the family history of diseases. Also bivariate, and multivariate analysis assessed the association between each neurodevelopmental disorder, and each comorbidity reported. Results and Conclusion The mean age and standard deviation of the sample were 5.2±3.20, and 80.5% were males. Most of the children lived in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The sample size did not have normal distribution because the sample size was too small and selected by non-probabilistic methods. Furthermore, 88.2% of the children received a previous evaluation related to the problem, and 70.5% received treatment for the symptoms. The results revealed that neurodevelopmental disorders frequently co-occurred. Also, other comorbidities commonly co-occurred with these disorders. Mental disorders were commonly reported with autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and communication disorders. Autism was also linked to a family history of mental disorders

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Buckley, Thomas, and Denise Burnette. "The Relationship between Social Isolation and Sense of Community among Older Adults in Puerto Rico." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3173.

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Abstract Psychological sense of community (SOC) is linked to key health and wellbeing outcomes for older adults and among Latin American populations. Prior research shows that social factors may affect SOC, but this has yet to be studied among Puerto Rican older adults. This study draws on Social Resource Theory to test the hypothesis that social isolation is associated with SOC among older adults in Puerto Rico. We collected data through face-to-face interviews in a non-probability sample of community dwelling adults aged 60+ throughout Puerto Rico in 2019-2020 (N = 154). We measured social isolation with the Spanish translation of the LSNS-6 (range 0-30, mean= 14.00, SD= 5.99), where higher scores indicate less isolation, and SOC with the Spanish translation of the Brief Sense of Community Scale (range 0-32, mean= 24.75, SD= 6.04). This cross-sectional study used multiple linear regression to test the association between social isolation and SOC, while controlling for gender, age, income and living arrangement. Higher scores on the LSNS-6 were associated with higher SOC (β=0.31, SE=0.08, p<0.001). Among the sociodemographic covariates, increased age was associated with higher SOC (β=0.12, SE=0.05, p<0.05). This study demonstrates that older adults in Puerto Rico who are more socially isolated have lower SOC, and that SOC increases with age. In order to promote SOC in this population, interventions should focus on reducing social isolation and may benefit from targeting young-old older adults. Future research should continue to examine these relationships and extend to other Latin American cultures.

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López-Cepero, Andrea, McClaren Rodríguez, Veronica Joseph, Shakira F. Suglia, Vivian Colón-López, Yiana G. Toro-Garay, María D. Archevald-Cansobre, Emma Fernández-Repollet, and Cynthia M. Pérez. "Religiosity and Beliefs toward COVID-19 Vaccination among Adults in Puerto Rico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 11729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811729.

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Religiosity may influence COVID-19 vaccination. However, it remains unclear how religiosity is associated with beliefs toward COVID-19 and vaccination against it, particularly amongst ethnic minorities. This study examined the association between religiosity, vaccination intent, beliefs, and attitudes related to COVID-19 and vaccination among adults in Puerto Rico. Data from an online survey conducted between December 2020–February 2021 among adults (≥18 yr; n = 1895) residing in Puerto Rico were used. Rating of the importance of religiosity was used to capture the level of religiosity (‘less important’, ‘somewhat important’, ‘important’, and ‘very important’). The health belief model (HBM) assessed beliefs and attitudes toward COVID-19 and vaccination against it. Adjusted Poisson models with robust error variance estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals for vaccination intent and individual COVID-19 HBM constructs. Compared to individuals rating religiosity as ‘less important’ to them, those rating it as ‘very important’ were more likely to be unwilling or uncertain to get the COVID-19 vaccine (PR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.10–2.05). Higher ratings of importance of religiosity, compared to the lowest level, were associated with significantly lower perceived COVID-19 susceptibility, more vaccine barriers, and lower vaccine benefits (all p < 0.05). Individuals who reported religiosity being very important to them were more likely to report that they will get the COVID-19 vaccine only if given adequate information about it (PR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02–1.27) and more likely to get the vaccine if more people decide to receive it (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest an association between religiosity and COVID-19 vaccination intent and beliefs and attitudes toward vaccination. The study highlights important guidelines for public health campaigns to increase vaccine uptake among religious communities in Puerto Rico.

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Fuhrman, BJ, E. Smit, CJ Crespo, and MR Garcia-Palmieri. "Coffee intake and risk of incident diabetes in Puerto Rican men: results from the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 6 (June 2009): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008003303.

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AbstractObjectiveTo study prospectively the association of coffee intake with incident diabetes in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program cohort, comprising 9824 middle-aged men (aged 35–79 years).MethodsOf 9824 men, 3869 did not provide a fasting blood sample at baseline, 1095 had prevalent diabetes and 131 were not given fasting glucose tests at any subsequent study visit. Thus, the present analysis includes 4685 participants. Diabetes was ascertained at baseline and at two study visits between 1968 and 1975 using fasting glucose tests and self-reports of physician-diagnosed diabetes or use of insulin or hypoglycaemic medication. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of coffee intake with risk of incident diabetes while adjusting for covariates (age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, education, alcohol intake, family history of diabetes, intakes of milk and sugar).ResultsFive hundred and nineteen participants met the criteria for incident diabetes. Compared with those reporting intake of 1–2 servings of coffee/d, coffee abstainers were at reduced risk (OR = 0·64; 95 % CI 0·43, 0·94). Among coffee drinkers, there was a significant trend of decreasing risk by intake (P = 0·02); intake of ≥4 servings/d was associated with an odds ratio of 0·75 (95 % CI 0·58, 0·97).ConclusionsStudy findings support a protective effect of coffee intake on diabetes risk, while also suggesting that abstainers may be at reduced risk.

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Palacios, Cristina, Cynthia M. Pérez, Manuel Guzmán, Ana P. Ortiz, Alelí Ayala, and Erick Suárez. "Association between adiposity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults living in Puerto Rico." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 10 (May 24, 2011): 1714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011000796.

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AbstractObjectiveTo compare the general adiposity index (BMI) with abdominal obesity indices (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) in order to examine the best predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanics living in Puerto Rico.DesignSecondary analysis of measurements taken from a representative sample of adults. Logistic regression models (prevalence odds ratios (POR)), partial Pearson's correlations (controlling for age and sex) and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated between indices of obesity (BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR) and blood pressure, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC):HDL-C, TAG, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated Hb, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and an aggregated measure of cardiometabolic risk.SettingHousehold study conducted between 2005 and 2007 in the San Juan Metropolitan Area in Puerto Rico.SubjectsA representative sample of 858 non-institutionalized adults.ResultsAll four obesity indices significantly correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors. WHtR had the highest POR for high TC:HDL-C, blood pressure, hs-CRP, fibrinogen and PAI-1; WC had the highest POR for low HDL-C and high LDL-C and fasting blood glucose; WHR had the highest POR for overall cardiometabolic risk, TAG and glycosylated Hb. BMI had the lowest POR for most risk factors and smallest ROC curve for overall cardiometabolic risk.ConclusionsThe findings of the study suggest that general adiposity and abdominal adiposity are both associated with cardiometabolic risk in this population, although WC, WHR and WHtR appear to be slightly better predictors than BMI.

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Torres-Ayala, Gloria M. "Association Between Anthropometric Measures, Physical Activity And Lipodystrophy Among Hiv+ Adults In Puerto Rico." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000476581.43983.78.

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Ramos Marcano, Evelyn. "La auditoría de la comunicación organizacional en una empresa en Puerto Rico." Fórum Empresarial 2, no. 2 Invierno (December 30, 1997): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33801/fe.v2i2.2796.

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El propósito de este estudio fue traducir, adaptar y determinar las características psicométricas del International Communication Association, ICA Questionnaire Survey. La metodología se dividió en dos fases. La primera fase consistió en la traducción y adaptación del cuestionario. El resultado fue el Cuestionario sobre Comunicación Organizacional (CCC)) para identificar las necesidades de comunicación de una organización. La segunda fase consistió en la administración y la identificación de las características psicométricas del instrumento. La muestra consistió de 197 participantes de una industria farmacéutica en Puerto Rico. Los resultados generales indican que la cantidad de información que reciben y envían los participantes sobre los temas incluidos en el instrumento es menor a la cantidad de información que desearían recibir y enviar.

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González, Juan Pablo. "Third Latin American Conference of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music." Popular Music 20, no. 2 (May 2001): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143001001465.

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Thanks to the generous support of the Municipality of Bogota, the Academia Superior de Artes of Bogota and the Colombian Ministry of Culture, IASPM held its Third Latin American Conference under excellent technical and organisational conditions. Almost seventy papers and plenaries were presented and debated in the Luis Angel Arango Library in Bogota between 23 and 27 August 2000. Scholars took part from Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Cuba, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Canada, the US, the UK, Switzerland and Spain.

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González-Rodríguez, Alexis, Maria Enid Santiago-Rodríguez, Marcos A. Amalbert-Birriel, Lucía del R. Martínez, and Farah A. Ramírez-Marrero. "Association between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness among Hispanic Children in Puerto Rico." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000478630.54345.fb.

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Díaz-Santana, Mary Vanellys, Erick L. Suárez Pérez, Ana P. Ortiz Martínez, Manuel Guzmán Serrano, and Cynthia M. Pérez Cardona. "Association Between the Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype, Prediabetes, and Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Puerto Rico." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 18, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-014-9985-y.

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Urdaz-Rodríguez, José, Geoffrey Fosgate, A. Rick Alleman, Owen Rae, Arthur Donovan, Michael Binford, Alexis Zaragoza, and Pedro Melendez. "Association between ecological factors and the presence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae in Puerto Rico." Experimental and Applied Acarology 58, no. 2 (May 26, 2012): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9573-6.

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Ashrap, Pahriya, Deborah J. Watkins, Bhramar Mukherjee, Jonathan Boss, Michael J. Richards, Zaira Rosario, Carmen M. Vélez-Vega, Akram Alshawabkeh, José F. Cordero, and John D. Meeker. "Maternal blood metal and metalloid concentrations in association with birth outcomes in Northern Puerto Rico." Environment International 138 (May 2020): 105606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105606.

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McIntyre, Bruce W., Alexandra O. Binek, Stephanie S. DelPonte, and Eric Greenberg. "Legal Issues Regarding Unlicensed Health Care Practices and Nutritional Supplements." Journal of Medical Regulation 95, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-95.3.9.

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ABSTRACT Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has increasingly become a popular option for many Americans. A 2007 study showed that a majority of Americans used at least one form of CAM during that year. In response, many states opted to license practices that had previously been unlicensed, such as acupuncture, massage therapy and naturopathy. In addition, some states passed legislation to regulate and discipline unlicensed CAM practitioners. Minnesota spearheaded these efforts in 1999 by passing a law that set guidelines and standards for unlicensed health care practitioners, while protecting the public's right to choose to use CAM. California, Rhode Island, Louisiana, New Mexico and Puerto Rico all followed with similar legislation. The federal government's attempts at regulation of CAM have been varied. In 1994, Congress passed the Dietary Supplemental Health and Education Act (DSHEA) as a result of intense lobbying by health food manufacturers and the public. While it limited the claims manufacturers could make on labels, the law also severely curtailed the FDA's ability to regulate nutritional and dietary supplements. Partially due to the adverse effects of DSHEA, President Bush signed the Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act (DSNDCPA) into law on Dec. 22, 2006.

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Hill, Katherine A., Cynthia M. Pérez, Adriana Pons, Karelys Canales Birriel, Andrea López Cepero, Norangelys Solís Torres, Zaydelis Tamarit Quevedo, and Vivian Colón-López. "Abstract C130: Cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening by COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccination status in a sample of women in Puerto Rico." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): C130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-c130.

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Abstract Background: Recommendation by a healthcare provider is essential for women to seek preventative cancer screening. Research has shown patients are receptive to information about cancer screening given by health professionals administering influenza vaccines. Promotion of cancer screening during vaccination may be particularly important in Puerto Rico (PR), which, relative to the continental United States, has low cervical and colorectal cancer screening rates. Objective: This study aims to determine if receiving the influenza vaccine in the past year or ever receiving the COVID-19 booster is associated with an increased likelihood of women participating in cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening in the past year. Methods: Women older than 18 are recruited weekly in different ongoing community outreach events throughout Puerto Rico as part of the Puerto Rico Community Engagement Alliance (PR-CEAL) against COVID-19 disparities. The PR-CEAL outreach team completes an online community survey as part of their field activities. Initial data was collected from February 17th 2022 through May 28th 2022, with data collection currently ongoing. Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, was used to quantify the association between participation in cancer screening and vaccination status. Results: As of May 31st, 253 women with a median age of 59 had been recruited. Of these, 56.1% had received the influenza vaccine in the past year, and 52.6% had received a COVID-19 booster. Nearly 52% of women with the booster and 65% without the booster received cervical cancer screening (p-value = 0.29). Women with the booster and those without the booster (75% each) received breast cancer screening (p-value = 0.99). Only 16.1% of women with the booster and 11.8% without the booster had received colorectal cancer screening (p-value = 0.99). Receipt of cancer screening according to influenza vaccine status was as follows: 59.3% vaccinated and 51.5% unvaccinated received cervical cancer screening (p-value = 0.35); 31.4% vaccinated and 41.2% unvaccinated received breast cancer screening (p-value = 0.56); and 13.1% vaccinated and 9.3% unvaccinated received colorectal cancer screening (p-value = 0.46).Conclusions: No differences in receipt of cancer screening were found by influenza or COVID-19 booster vaccination status among adult women in Puerto Rico. Routine vaccination appointments may therefore represent a missed opportunity to promote cancer screening. Citation Format: Katherine A. Hill, Cynthia M. Pérez, Adriana Pons, Karelys Canales Birriel, Andrea López Cepero, Norangelys Solís Torres, Zaydelis Tamarit Quevedo, Vivian Colón-López. Cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening by COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccination status in a sample of women in Puerto Rico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C130.

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Bell, Tyler, Ana Luisa Dávila, Olivio Clay, Kyriakos S. Markides, Ross Andel, and Michael Crowe. "The association between cognitive decline and incident depressive symptoms in a sample of older Puerto Rican adults with diabetes." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 8 (May 17, 2017): 1317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000746.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Older Puerto Rican adults have particularly high risk of diabetes compared to the general US population. Diabetes is associated with both higher depressive symptoms and cognitive decline, but less is known about the longitudinal relationship between cognitive decline and incident depressive symptoms in those with diabetes. This study investigated the association between cognitive decline and incident depressive symptoms in older Puerto Rican adults with diabetes over a four-year period.Methods:Households across Puerto Rico were visited to identify a population-based sample of adults aged 60 years and over for the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions study (PREHCO); 680 participants with diabetes at baseline and no baseline cognitive impairment were included in analyses. Cognitive decline and depressive symptoms were measured using the Mini-Mental Cabán (MMC) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. We examined predictors of incident depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5 at follow-up but not baseline) and cognitive decline using regression modeling.Results:In a covariate-adjusted logistic regression model, cognitive decline, female gender, and greater diabetes-related complications were each significantly associated with increased odds of incident depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). In a multiple regression model adjusted for covariates, incident depressive symptoms and older age were associated with greater cognitive decline, and higher education was related to less cognitive decline (p < 0.05).Conclusions:Incident depressive symptoms were more common for older Puerto Ricans with diabetes who also experienced cognitive decline. Efforts are needed to optimize diabetes management and monitor for depression and cognitive decline in this population.

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Pagán, Liz M., and Laurie A. Ortiz. "Web social y alfabetización informacional: experiencia en la Universidad de Puerto Rico." e-Ciencias de la Información 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/eci.v7i1.26374.

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En esta investigación se explora y describe la adopción de la web social para la alfabetización informacional por parte de las bibliotecas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico (UPR). Los objetivos de este estudio son: identificar las tecnologías de la web social utilizadas por los bibliotecarios para la alfabetización informacional; identificar y examinar la extensión en el uso de las tecnologías; evaluar las actitudes de los bibliotecarios hacia la aplicación de la web social; y la conexión que establecen con los estándares de la Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). El enfoque metodológico del estudio es cualitativo y se utiliza el cuestionario y la entrevista como técnicas para la recogida de datos. Los resultados muestran que el 82% de los participantes de este estudio utilizan la web social para la alfabetización informacional de los usuarios. Las tecnologías de mayor uso son: blogs, redes sociales, media sharing y mashup. El media sharing (Flickr, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest), blog y redes sociales obtuvieron mayor frecuencia de uso por parte de los bibliotecarios. Los participantes presentaron una actitud de aceptación hacia la aplicación de la web social para la alfabetización informacional. En su mayoría, expresaron la conexión que establecen entre las normas de ACRL y el uso de la web social a través de la enseñanza. A partir de los resultados de este estudio, se presentan recomendaciones respecto a la aplicación actual de las herramientas de la web social para la alfabetización en información.

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Becker, Todd, Thomas Buckley, and Denise Burnette. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD COVID-19 AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUERTO RICO." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.621.

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Abstract To better understand the dynamics of their health behaviors during the pandemic, we examined older adults’ COVID-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). KAP theory postulates that individuals acquire knowledge about a health condition which influences their attitudes and beliefs and that these, in turn, lead to health practices. We used hierarchical regression to examine the influence of knowledge and attitudes (Step 1) on practices, controlling for health and relevant covariates (Step 2). The Step 1 association between increased knowledge and better practices (B = 0.14, p = .046) became nonsignificant in Step 2. Greater worry about contracting COVID-19 remained significant throughout (Step 2: B = 0.15, p = .043). We further explored subgroup differences within KAP measures via bivariate analyses. For instance, women had significantly higher overall knowledge (p = .013), while men had significantly better overall attitudes (p = .044). We will discuss implications of such subgroup differences for practice and policy interventions.

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Cameron-Maldonado, Stephanie, Vivian Colón-López, Adriana Díaz, Andrea López-Cepero, Cynthia Pérez, William Pagán, and Juan Tossas. "Exploring Gender Differences in the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Weight, Eating Frequency and Stress Among Adults in Puerto Rico: Assessments of Puerto Rico-CEAL." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac048.004.

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Abstract Objectives To evaluate changes in weight, eating frequency, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in Puerto Rico and examine differences by gender. Methods Individuals were men and women (n = 551 ≥18 yr.) who completed the Puerto Rico Community Engagement Research Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities online survey from December 30, 2021, to January 28, 2022. Three individual items assessed perceived changes in weight, eating frequency, and stress throughout the pandemic (March 2020 to survey completion), with response options being ‘increased’, ‘decreased’, and ‘no change’. Multiple logistic and multinomial regressions models were used to examine the association between gender and perceived changes in all three outcomes. Models were adjusted for age, education, income, employment, number of children in the household, having to care for someone with COVID-19, marital status, and pre-pandemic obesity. Results Of the total eligible sample with complete data on study variables (n = 524), mean (SD) age was 38.2 (14.5) years, 52.7% had some college education, and 73.3% were women. Over half (53.0%) reported an increase in weight during the pandemic, 42.5% an increase in eating frequency, and 74.2% an increase in stress. In adjusted regression models, women (vs. men) were more likely to report an increase in eating frequency over no change (RRR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.39) and marginally significantly more likely to report an increase in weight over no change (RRR = 1.56; 95% CI = 0.99, 2.48). In addition, women (vs. men) had twice the odds of reporting an increase in stress levels (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.36, 3.36). Conclusions A substantial proportion of the sample reported increases in weight, eating frequency, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and women were disproportionally affected by these pandemic outcomes. Interventions tailored for women are needed to reduce the pandemic impact on weight, eating frequency, and stress in Puerto Rico and preserve overall health. Funding Sources This work has been supported by the National Institute of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH-NHLBI).

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Crespo, Carlos J., Mario R. Garcia-Palmieri, Ellen Smit, I.-Min Lee, Daniel McGee, Paola Muti, Nayda R. Figueroa Valle, Farah A. Ramirez-Marrero, Jo L. Freudenheim, and Paul Sorlie. "Physical Activity and Prostate Cancer Mortality in Puerto Rican Men." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 5, no. 6 (November 2008): 918–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.6.918.

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Studies on the association between physical activity and fatal prostate cancer have produced inconclusive results. The Puerto Rico Heart Health Program was a cohort study of a randomly selected sample of 9824 men age 35 to 79 years at baseline who were followed for mortality until 2002. Multiple examinations collected information on lifestyle, diet, body composition, exercise, urban-rural residence, and smoking habits. Physical activity status was measured using the Framingham Physical Activity Index, an assessment of occupational, leisure-time, and other physical activities measured as usual activity over the course of a 24-hour day. Physical activity was strati-fed into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of physical activity with prostate cancer mortality. Other covariates included age, education, urban-rural residence, smoking, and body mass index. Compared with the lowest level of physical activity (Q1), the risk of prostate cancer mortality was OR = 0.99 (95% CI = 0.64–1.55) for Q2, OR = 1.34 (95% CI = 0.88–2.05) for Q3, and OR = 1.19 (95% CI = 0.75–1.90) for Q4. Further analyses by age group, overweight status, or vigorous physical activity also did not show a significant association between physical activity and prostate cancer mortality. Physical activity did not predict prostate cancer mortality in this group of Puerto Rican men.

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López, Magdalena, Ana P. Ortiz, and Rodolfo Vargas. "Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Its Association with Body Mass Index among Women in Puerto Rico." Journal of Women's Health 18, no. 10 (October 2009): 1607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1207.

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Lopez-Cepero, Andrea, Josiemer Mattei, Christine Frisard, Julio Jimenez, Stephenie Lemon, and Milagros Rosal. "Dysfunctional Eating Behaviors and Dietary Intake in Adults Residing in Puerto Rico." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_045.

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Abstract Objectives To document the level of dysfunctional eating behaviors, specifically emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE) and cognitive restraint (CR), among adults in Puerto Rico (PR), and explore the association between each behavior and dietary intake (i.e., percentage of calories from fats, saturated fats and servings of fruits and vegetables). Methods Cross-sectional study of adults (n = 94) recruited from three health clinics serving low-income communities in Ponce, PR. The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire R18-V2 was used to measure EE, UE and CR; each score ranged from 1 to 4 (higher values indicate stronger behaviors). The Block Fat and Fruits and Vegetables Screener was used to capture percentage of calories from fats, saturated fats and servings of fruits and vegetables. Analysis included adjusted means (SD) and proportions, and linear regressions adjusted for sex, age and marital status. Results Mean age was 45 years, 52% were female and 55% were married. Adjusted mean (SD) scores for EE, UE and CR were 1.92 (0.78), 1.85 (0.66), and 2.32 (0.85), respectively. Adjusted proportions showed that 76%, 88% and 87% experienced any level of EE, UE and CR, respectively. EE and UE scores were significantly associated with greater percentage of calories from total fats (b = 12.0, 95% CI = 0.42, 3.60 for EE; and b = 1.99, 95% CI = 0.05, 3.93 for UE) and saturated fats (b = 3.36, 95% CI = 0.71, 6.01 for EE; and b = 3.31, 95% CI = 0.09, 6.54 for UE). CR scores were significantly associated with greater intake of fruits and vegetables (b = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.20, 1.19). Conclusions Dysfunctional eating behaviors are prevalent among adults in PR and were associated with dietary intake. Results support the need for larger representative studies of dysfunctional eating behaviors, dietary intake and health in PR to shed light into potential intervention targets to decrease the observed health disparities among adults in PR. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Ponce Health Sciences University Seed Program.

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Sánchez-González, Liliana, Talia M. Quandelacy, Michael Johansson, Brenda Torres-Velásquez, Olga Lorenzi, Mariana Tavarez, Sanet Torres, Luisa I. Alvarado, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey. "Viral etiology and seasonal trends of pediatric acute febrile illness in southern Puerto Rico; a seven-year review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0247481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247481.

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Background Acute febrile illness (AFI) is an important cause for seeking health care among children. Knowledge of the most common etiologic agents of AFI and its seasonality is limited in most tropical regions. Methodology/Principal findings To describe the viral etiology of AFI in pediatric patients (≤18 years) recruited through a sentinel enhanced dengue surveillance system (SEDSS) in Southern Puerto Rico, we analyzed data for patients enrolled from 2012 to May 2018. To identify seasonal patterns, we applied time-series analyses to monthly arboviral and respiratory infection case data. We calculated coherence and phase differences for paired time-series to quantify the association between each time series. A viral pathogen was found in 47% of the 14,738 patients. Influenza A virus was the most common pathogen detected (26%). The incidence of Zika and dengue virus etiologies increased with age. Arboviral infections peaked between June and September throughout the times-series. Respiratory infections have seasonal peaks occurring in the fall and winter months of each year, though patterns vary by individual respiratory pathogen. Conclusions/Significance Distinct seasonal patterns and differences in relative frequency by age groups seen in this study can guide clinical and laboratory assessment in pediatric patients with AFI in Puerto Rico.

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Dussault, Josée M., Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Liliana Sánchez-González, Laura E. Adams, Dania M. Rodríguez, Kyle R. Ryff, Chelsea G. Major, Olga Lorenzi, and Vanessa Rivera-Amill. "Arbovirus risk perception as a predictor of mosquito-bite preventive behaviors in Ponce, Puerto Rico." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 7 (July 26, 2022): e0010653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010653.

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Mosquito-borne arboviruses are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Caribbean. In Puerto Rico, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses have each caused large outbreaks during 2010–2022. To date, the majority of control measures to prevent these diseases focus on mosquito control and many require community participation. In 2018, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the COPA project, a community-based cohort study in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to measure the impact of novel vector control interventions in reducing arboviral infections. Randomly selected households from 38 designated cluster areas were offered participation, and baseline data were collected from 2,353 households between May 2018 and May 2019. Household-level responses were provided by one representative per home. Cross-sectional analyses of baseline data were conducted to estimate 1) the association between arboviral risk perception and annual household expenditure on mosquito control, and 2) the association between arboviral risk perception and engagement in ≥3 household-level risk reduction behaviors. In this study, 27% of household representatives believed their household was at high risk of arboviruses and 36% of households engaged in at least three of the six household-level preventive behaviors. Households where the representative perceived their household at high risk spent an average of $35.9 (95% confidence interval: $23.7, $48.1) more annually on mosquito bite prevention compared to households where the representative perceived no risk. The probability of engaging in ≥3 household-level mosquito-preventive behaviors was 10.2 percentage points greater (7.2, 13.0) in households where the representatives perceived high risk compared to those in which the representatives perceived no risk. Paired with other research, these results support investment in community-based participatory approaches to mosquito control and providing accessible information for communities to accurately interpret their risk.

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Nunez Medina, Hector Jose. "3480 Association of Clopidogrel Resistance Determinants and MACE Ocurrence in Peripheral Arterial Disease." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.83.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The study aims to identify the short and long-term associations of HTPR and presence of CYP2C19 polymorphism in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The primary outcome of the study will be the presence of MACE including stent thrombosis, need for revascularization, acute limb ischemia events, myocardial infarction and death in relation to the presence of HTPR and CYP2C19 polymorphism. Secondary outcomes will include the prevalence of HTPR and CYP2C19 polymorphism in patients with PAD, and association with other medications including aspirin and cilostazol. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients above 21 years of age with the diagnosis of PAD using clopidogrel therapy for at least for seven days will be recruited at the University of Puerto Rico District Hospital and Cardiovascular Hospital of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 200 patients from Puertorrican, Dominican and Cuban ethnicity will be expected to be recruited. The most common comorbidities will include, coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus type 2. No significant distr DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The status quo as it pertains to resistance to clopidogrel in PAD patients is to improve antiplatelet resistance using antiplatelet therapy guided by platelet assays in order to reduce MACE occurrence. Although HTPR and presence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms have been studied on the PAD population, currently there is no gold standard test for measuring antiplatelet resistance. In that regard, this study will expect to identify the contribution that HTPR and CYP2C19 polymorphism might have on MACE in patients with PAD. In this way, the results will allow identification of abnormality parameters in HTPR and CYP2C19 testing in relation to the impact on risk of having MACE. Once the association of these variables with MACE is established, testing for clopidogrel resistance could become a potential strategy to optimize antiplatelet therapy and reduce the impact that MACE have in this population.

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Lisa, R. Norman. "The association of layered stigma and sympathy toward persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Puerto Rico." Journal of AIDS and HIV Research 7, no. 7 (August 21, 2015): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jahr2015.0344.

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Rabelo, Marielsa, and Margarita Ramírez. "Abstract #781: Association Between the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome in Women in Puerto Rico." Endocrine Practice 11 (March 2005): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1530-891x(20)43640-7.

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Nieves-Plaza, Mariely, Lesliane E. Castro-Santana, Yvonne M. Font, Angel M. Mayor, and Luis M. Vilá. "Association of Hand or Knee Osteoarthritis With Diabetes Mellitus in a Population of Hispanics From Puerto Rico." JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 19, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rhu.0b013e31827cd578.

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Nieves-Rivera, Ángel M., Terry A. Tattar, and Ernest H. Williams. "SOOTY MOULD-PLANTHOPPER ASSOCIATION ON LEAVES OF THE BLACK MANGROVEAVICENNIA GERMINANS, (L.) STEARN IN SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO RICO." Arboricultural Journal 26, no. 2 (August 2002): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2002.9747328.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Puerto Rico Manufacturers Association'

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