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Rosario, Lumariz Hernandez, Juan O. Rodríguez Padilla, Desiree Ramos Martínez, Alejandra Morales Grajales, Joel A. Mercado Reyes, Gabriel J. Veintidós Feliu, Benjamin Van Ee, and Dimuth Siritunga. "DNA Barcoding of the Solanaceae Family in Puerto Rico Including Endangered and Endemic Species." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 144, no. 5 (September 2019): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04735-19.
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The Solanaceae family is one of the largest and well-distributed plant families in the world. It contains species of agricultural and economical importance, such as Solanum tuberosum, Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Capsicum annuum. In Puerto Rico, there are ≈46 species of Solanaceae of which six are endemic: Brunfelsia densifolia, Brunfelsia lactea, Brunfelsia portoricensis, Goetzea elegans, Solanum ensifolium, and Solanum woodburyi. Our objective was to use DNA barcoding to identify the Solanaceae species in Puerto Rico, including the endemics, and to assess the species relationships between them. To accomplish our objective, two chloroplast regions (psbA-trnH and matK) and a nuclear region [internal transcribed spacer (ITS)] were assessed. Pairwise distance and phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that DNA barcoding can be used to discriminate at the species level among these taxa in Puerto Rico. For all three markers, the genus that showed the highest pairwise distance between represented species was Solanum, whereas the genus that displayed the least was Capsicum. Phylogenetic trees of single and concatenated regions were generated from sequences obtained in this study and from data downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Our results show that this technique can be used to identify species with one, two, or three combinations of DNA barcode markers depending on the taxon. In addition, this is the first study to include the endemic species S. woodburyi in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, and it was found to have a close relationship with S. ensifolium, also endemic to Puerto Rico, and to Solanum bahamense from the Bahamas and Greater Antilles. Therefore, we suggest that S. woodburyi might be part of the Bahamense clade.
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Gale, Liane Rosewich, Talma Katan, and H. C. Kistler. "The Probable Center of Origin of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici VCG 0033." Plant Disease 87, no. 12 (December 2003): 1433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.12.1433.
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Isolates of the tomato wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, predominantly from commercial tomato fields in Florida and southwestern Georgia, were characterized using vegetative compatibility grouping (VCG), nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and virulence. All field isolates that could be grouped into VCG belonged to VCG 0033. This VCG was first described by Marlatt et al. in 1996 for isolates from northern Florida, Arkansas, and North Carolina. This study demonstrates that VCG 0033 is also widespread in central and southern Florida, in addition to southwestern Georgia, and also was found to be present in Puerto Rico. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses of 121 isolates indicated that molecular diversity among VCG 0033 isolates was by far the highest in Manatee County, FL, suggesting it to be the probable center of origin of this relatively newly described VCG. Virulence tests with a subset of isolates identified all VCG 0033 isolates as race 3, although differences in aggressiveness were observed among tested isolates, independent of resistance genes in the differential cultivars. The widespread VCG 0030 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was not present in our field collections. This was unexpected, as strains from Florida isolated prior to 1990 were predominantly VCG 0030. This would suggest that VCG 0033 has replaced VCG 0030 in recent years in commercial tomato fields of Florida and southwestern Georgia.
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Hassan-Ríos, Encijar, Pilar Torres, Elizabeth Muñoz, Carmen Matos, Aron J. Hall, Nicole Gregoricus, and Jan Vinjé. "Sapovirus Gastroenteritis in Preschool Center, Puerto Rico, 2011." Emerging Infectious Diseases 19, no. 1 (January 2013): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1901.120690.
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Rosario, Martin G., Samantha Ewing, and Kaitlyn Foster. "The perceived benefit of a short-term service trip of students and participants while working in an HIV community center in Puerto Rico." F1000Research 8 (May 10, 2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18944.1.
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Introduction:Puerto Rico is among the top five territories in the USA to be affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is why our goal is to help the island with service trips. Studies have reported the professional and personal benefits students can gain by participating in service activities. However, the benefits obtained by the Hispanic-Latino participants living with HIV in Puerto Rico, have not been outlined. The purpose of this study was to discuss the perceived benefits of a short-term week-long service trip for the students, participants, and personnel.Methods:A total of 11 physical therapy students and one professor travelled to Puerto Rico for a one-week service trip. The group partnered with an established organization named ‘La Perla de Gran Precio,’ which works with low-income Hispanic-Latino USA citizens participants that have been diagnosed with HIV. Students were involved in both academic and cultural components by providing physical therapy services to the participants. At the end of the week, surveys were given to all parties involved. Results:Students, personnel and participants reported the service trip as extremely positive. Students suggested that its integration should be considered in any physical therapy curriculum to improve the future of this profession further. Participants reported learning from this experience and have been able to implement the methods into their routine.Conclusions:The Puerto Rico service trip enhanced the education of physical therapy students and their ability to increase cultural awareness, boost communication skills, provide opportunities to overcome challenges, and foster a sense of purpose. Also, the Puerto Rico service trip was a beneficial and positive experience for all people involved. Consideration should be made to incorporate this initiative a much larger scale in a population that is vastly underserved.
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Sánchez Celada, Miguel Angel. "Evolución urbana de Ponce (Puerto Rico), según la cartografía histórica = Urban Evolution of Ponce (Puerto Rico), According to the Historical Cartography." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VI, Geografía, no. 11 (September 25, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.11.2018.20421.
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La ciudad de Ponce ha tenido un desarrollo histórico sui generis y paralelo a la ciudad capital de Puerto Rico, San Juan, atendiendo a la morfología del espacio físico-geográfico donde se encuentra la misma. Toda la información recopilada y levantada para el presente artículo proviene del proyecto de investigación de Tesis de Doctorado sobre impactos causados por el turismo en las ciudades históricas de Ponce y San Juan e impactos causados en estos espacios por los eventos meteorológicos extremos. Las ciudades contemporáneas son una yuxtaposición entre lo contemporáneo y lo antiguo, entre la modernidad y la tradicionalidad, una realidad donde se superponen paisajes que responden a modelos urbanísticos distintos. Los espacios urbanos son un arreglo que varía en dependencia de la cultura y de la época, las ciudades están elaboradas y reelaboradas a partir de los que se aprecia y de cómo se aprecia al contemplar un espacio determinado, es una recreación de la realidad condicionada por la apreciación estética, las vivencias, el modo de vida o las carencias que se tengan en un momento determinado.El centro histórico de Ponce es un subsistema dentro de la ciudad, es la representación orgánica y completa de los subsistemas que la constituyen, es este el motivo del porqué analizando el crecimiento histórico desde todos los puntos de vista (desarrollo urbano, movilidad, comercio, espacios públicos, arquitectura), se puede descubrir el valor patrimonial intrínseco que posee, e incluye todas las propiedades comprendidas dentro del límite de la misma, lo que garantiza la morfología y la imagen urbana de dicha zona, añadiéndole el sector de la Playa y la Avenida de Hostos que une ambos centros urbanos. Ponce y su centro histórico han evolucionado y debe seguir evolucionando si quieren sobrevivir. La simbiosis de lo histórico con lo contemporáneo debe ser algo natural y no impostado, el centro histórico, así como los subsistemas que lo componen, debe ser aceptado como parte integral de la ciudad y no pretender manejarlo y entenderlo como un ente aislado. Su personalidad la tiene a partir de sus integralidad con el área metropolitana que lo contiene, y ver lo histórico y lo contemporáneo aisladamente siempre será en detrimento de la ciudad como un todo único e indivisible. The city of Ponce has had a historical development sui generis and parallel to the capital city of Puerto Rico, San Juan, attending to the morphology of the physical-geographic space where it is located. All the information gathered and raised for the present article comes from the project of investigation of Doctorate Thesis on impacts caused by the tourism in the historical cities of Ponce and San Juan and impacts caused in these spaces by the extreme meteorological events. Contemporary cities are a juxtaposition between the modern and the ancient, between modernity and tradition, a reality that overlaps landscapes that correspond to different urban models. Urban spaces are an arrangement that varies depending on culture and time, cities are re-elaborated from how it is appreciated when contemplating a certain space, is a recreation of reality conditioned by Aesthetic appreciation, experiences, mode of life or the shortcomings they have at any given time.The historical center of Ponce is a subsystem within the city, it is the organic and complete representation of the subsystems that constitute it, and so historical growth is analyzed from all points of view (urbanism, mobility, commerce, public spaces, Architecture). It is possible to discover the intrinsic heritage value that it possesses, which guarantees the morphology and the urban image of that area, adding the sector of the Beach and the Avenue of Hostos that unites both urban centers. Ponce and its historical center have evolved and should continue to evolve if they want to survive. The symbiosis between the historical and the contemporary must be natural and not imposed, the historical center, as well as the subsystems that compose it, must be accepted as an integral part of the city and not try to manage it and understand it as something isolated. Its personality has it from its integrality with the metropolitan area that contains it, and seeing the historical and the contemporary in isolation will always be to the detriment of the city as a single and indivisible territory.
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Brau, Ricardo H., Rafael Rodríguez, Mayra Vera Ramírez, Rosario González, and Virginia Martínez. "Experience in the management of myelomeningocele in Puerto Rico." Journal of Neurosurgery 72, no. 5 (May 1990): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.72.5.0726.
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✓ The medical records of 128 children with myelomeningocele who were treated at the Pediatric University Hospital, Puerto Rico Medical Center, from January, 1980, to July, 1985, were reviewed retrospectively. The medical and surgical management during the first hospitalization of these children was studied in detail for predefined parameters. The average age at the time of myelomeningocele repair was 6.6 days. Statistical analysis showed that repair of the myelomeningocele defect before 48 hours of age did not reduce the occurrence of ventriculitis. The incidence of ventriculitis secondary to the management of the myelomeningocele lesion was 12.5%. Complications after repair of the myelomeningocele (including skin flap necrosis, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and wound infection) were present in 43.8% of the patients who developed ventriculitis and in 19.0% of those who did not. This observation is statistically significant (p = 0.03) and indicates that complications of healing after myelomeningocele repair represent the most significant risk factor for the development of ventriculitis.
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Fiol-Matta, Licia. "The Thinking Voice: When Listening Trumps Celebrity." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126, no. 4 (October 2011): 1092–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.4.1092.
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In the brief span of 1952–68, Puerto Rico sped through its industrialization process. Middle-class residential construction dotted the city of San Juan. Hotels replaced the mansions along its Condado waterfront. The spanking new Medical Center promised health for the sickly, undernourished population, a health that the developmentalist program of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico—Operation Bootstrap—desperately needed, as it endeavored to offer a cheap, obedient, and presumably bilingual labor force to American capital. The “Golden Mile,” the financial district established in the area of the sometime royal hacienda, Hato Rey, emerged as the centerpiece of a new downtown. The mythic mall of Plaza Las Américas (formerly a cattle ranch that bred cows for the milk industry) became the social hub of a polis that increasingly turned to consumerism for its exercise of citizenship. Newspapers and magazines were filled with consumer fantasies of every variety. Along with everything else that was dazzling and new, Puerto Rico consumed a new object for sale, the celebrity pop star.
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Canino, Glorisa, Elizabeth L. McQuaid, Maria Alvarez, Angel Colon, Cynthia Esteban, Vivian Febo, Robert B. Klein, et al. "Issues and methods in disparities research: The Rhode Island-Puerto Rico asthma center." Pediatric Pulmonology 44, no. 9 (August 5, 2009): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21075.
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Torres, Joshua M., L. Antonio Curet, Scott Rice-Snow, Melissa J. Castor, and Andrew K. Castor. "Of Flesh and Stone: Labor Investment and Regional Sociopolitical Implications of Plaza/Batey Construction at the Ceremonial Center of Tibes (A.D. 600-A.D. 1200), Puerto Rico." Latin American Antiquity 25, no. 2 (June 2014): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.25.2.125.
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Ceremonial architecture of late precontact (A.D. 600-1500) societies of Puerto Rico consists of stone-lined plazas and ball courts (bateys,). Archaeologists use these structures to signify the onset of hierarchical “chiefly” polities and to interpret their regional organization. Problematically, little consideration is given to the costs of their physical construction and the associated organizational implications at local and regional scales. In this paper, we use data gathered through geoarchaeological field investigations to develop labor estimates for the plaza and bateys at the site of Tibes—one of the largest precolumbian ceremonial centers in Puerto Rico. The estimates provide a basis for addressing how these features were constructed at the site and are considered within the broader organizational contexts of incipient polities in the island's south-central region between A.D. 600 and A.D. 1200.
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Zarei, Sara, Irvin Maldonado, Laura Franqui-Dominguez, Cristina Rubi, Yanibel Tapia Rosa, Cristina Diaz-Marty, Guadalupe Coronado, Marimer C. Rivera Nieves, Golnoush Akhlaghipour, and Angel Chinea. "Impact of delayed treatment on exacerbations of multiple sclerosis among Puerto Rican patients." Surgical Neurology International 10 (October 11, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_252_2019.
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Background: There are limited data on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in underserved groups, including Puerto Rico. In this study, we analyzed the characteristic of MS symptoms and number of relapses in Puerto Rican patients. We then compare these characteristics with MS patients from the US. The number of MS relapses is highly correlated with the treatment onset and adherence. Patients in Puerto Rico have been experiencing lengthy treatment delay. We will discuss the possible causes of such delay and its impact on MS prognosis. Methods: This retrospective cohort study consisted of the evaluation of 325 medical records from MS patients attending the Caribbean Neurological Center from 2014 to 2019. We gathered symptoms and comorbidities data as binary objects. The treatment delay was calculated based on the mean value of days between diagnosis and treatment onset for these groups of patients. Results: We found that on average, the treatment delay for MS patients in Puerto Rico (PR) to receive their medication was 120 days. The most common MS subtype was relapsing-remitting 72.8%, with a mean of 1.684 relapses per year. Initial symptoms were sensory 54%, visual 33.1%, motor 28.8%, coordination 23.2%, fatigue 9.7%, memory 7.3%, depression 6.5%, urinary 4.9%, gastrointestinal 2.4%, and sexual dysfunction 1.6%. The most common comorbidities were hypertension 18.4%, asthma 13.6%, and thyroid disease 12.8%. When we compared the comorbidities between the two populations, immune thrombocytopenia had the highest percent change with the value of almost 200% (0.001% of US patient vs. 0.8% of Puerto Rican MS patients). Conclusion: Patients from Puerto Rico had a 33% higher relapse rate compared to the one reported for MS patients in the US. This higher rate may be related to the long delay in receiving their medications. They also had a higher rate of complex comorbidities such as immune thrombocytopenia or thyroid disease. Our findings provide a proof of concept that delay in receiving medications can increase the number of relapses and complex comorbidities among MS patients.
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Velazquez, J. L., G. Rivera, S. Grigg, P. Rodriguez, and F. Joglar. "Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Injury: Initial Experience at the Puerto Rico Trauma Center." Journal of Surgical Research 179, no. 2 (February 2013): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.720.
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Manjourides, Justin, Emily Zimmerman, Deborah J. Watkins, Thomas Carpenito, Carmen M. Vélez-Vega, Gredia Huerta-Montañez, Zaira Rosario, et al. "Cohort profile: Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development in Puerto Rico." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e036389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036389.
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PurposePuerto Rican children experience high rates of asthma and obesity. Further, infants born in Puerto Rico are more at risk for being born prematurely compared with infants on the mainland USA. Environmental exposures from multiple sources during critical periods of child development, potentially modified by psychosocial factors, may contribute to these adverse health outcomes. To date, most studies investigating the health effects of environmental factors on infant and child health have focused on single or individual exposures.ParticipantsInfants currently in gestation whose mother is enrolled in Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort, and infants and children already born to mothers who participated in the PROTECT study.Findings to dateData collection and processing remains ongoing. Demographic data have been collected on 437 mother–child pairs. Birth outcomes are available for 420 infants, neurodevelopmental outcomes have been collected on 319 children. Concentrations of parabens and phenols in maternal spot urine samples have been measured from 386 mothers. Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development mothers have significantly higher urinary concentrations of dichlorophenols, triclosan and triclocarban, but lower levels of several parabens compared with reference values from a similar population drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Future plansData will continue to be collected through recruitment of new births with a target of 600 children. Seven scheduled follow-up visits with existing and new participants are planned. Further, our research team continues to work with healthcare providers, paediatricians and early intervention providers to support parent’s ability to access early intervention services for participants.
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Azofeifa, Alejandro, Diana Valencia, Carmen J. Rodriguez, Maritza Cruz, Devin Hayes, Edén Montañez-Báez, Betzaida Tejada-Vera, Joshua E. Villafañe-Delgado, Jessica J. Cabrera, and Miguel Valencia-Prado. "Estimating and Characterizing COVID-19 Deaths, Puerto Rico, March–July 2020." Public Health Reports 136, no. 3 (February 17, 2021): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354921991521.
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Objectives Using the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) classification guidelines, we characterized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated confirmed and probable deaths in Puerto Rico during March–July 2020. We also estimated the total number of possible deaths due to COVID-19 in Puerto Rico during the same period. Methods We described data on COVID-19–associated mortality, in which the lower bound was the sum of confirmed and probable COVID-19 deaths and the upper bound was excess mortality, estimated as the difference between observed deaths and average expected deaths. We obtained data from the Puerto Rico Department of Health COVID-19 Mortality Surveillance System, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Electronic Disease Surveillance System Base System, and the National Center for Health Statistics. Results During March–July 2020, 225 COVID-19–associated deaths were identified in Puerto Rico (119 confirmed deaths and 106 probable deaths). The median age of decedents was 73 (interquartile range, 59-83); 60 (26.7%) deaths occurred in the Metropolitana region, and 140 (62.2%) deaths occurred among men. Of the 225 decedents, 180 (83.6%) had been hospitalized and 93 (41.3%) had required mechanical ventilation. Influenza and pneumonia (48.0%), sepsis (28.9%), and respiratory failure (27.1%) were the most common conditions contributing to COVID-19 deaths based on death certificates. Based on excess mortality calculations, as many as 638 COVID-19–associated deaths could have occurred during the study period, up to 413 more COVID-19–associated deaths than originally reported. Conclusions Including probable deaths per the CSTE guidelines and monitoring all-cause excess mortality can lead to a better estimation of COVID-19–associated deaths and serve as a model to enhance mortality surveillance in other US jurisdictions.
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Carballeira, Néstor M. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 9 (January 1, 2012): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20128409iv.
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It was a privilege for me to have served as conference editor for this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The nine papers in this volume constitute selected contributions from four symposia that took place at the 43rd IUPAC Congress, which was held in the Puerto Rico Convention Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico between 30 July and 7 August 2011. The theme of the congress, with more than 1300 scientific presentations, was "Chemistry Bridging Innovation Among the Americas and the World".The papers in this issue arise from four symposia that were part of one of the central themes of the congress, the "Chemistry of Life". Four of the contributions [by Profs. Vanderlan Bolzani (Brazil), Abimael D. Rodriguez (Puerto Rico), Adriano D. Andricopulo (Brazil), and Néstor M. Carballeira (Puerto Rico)] arise from the symposium "Modern Medicinal Chemistry: Natural Products and Synthetic Molecules as Valuable Tools", while one contribution [by Prof. George Kokotos (Greece)] was presented at the symposium "From Protein Structure to Cell Regulation". Three other contributions [by Profs. Ken Kitajima (Japan), Dipak. K. Banerjee (Puerto Rico), and Adriana Pietropaolo (Italy)] are from the symposium "Balancing Life with Bioconjugates", and the last contribution [by Prof. Julian Echave (Argentina)] is from the symposium "Structure Dynamics of Chemical and Biological Systems".We certainly acknowledge the great contribution made to this congress by the congress chair, Prof. Gabriel A. Infante, and the local organizing and scientific committees. We also acknowledge the different organizers and session chairs for the symposia from which these contributions were possible, in particular: V. Bolzani, A. Palermo, S. Campbell, and J. Colón for the medicinal chemistry symposium; D. K. Banerjee for the glycoconjugates symposium; A. Azzi, J. Pande, and M. Walsh for the protein- cell symposium; and M. Chergui and J. López Garriga for the structure dynamics symposium.I would also like to thank the many scientific contributors to this conference, in particular, those who took the time to write a more thorough account of their science and were able to transform it into valuable papers for all of us to share and enjoy. We also thank the editorial staff for their valuable help and guidance.Néstor M. CarballeiraConference Editor
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Cotto Santana, Luis. "Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Puerto Rico: A 10-Year Retrospective Study." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5182.5182.
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Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer notorious for being quite challenging to manage clinically and having a high death rate among adults. In Puerto Rico (PR), the University Hospital (UH) is the major referral center for adults diagnosed with AML. However, a comprehensive study of this population is lacking, representing a knowledge gap. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical aspects, presentations and outcomes of the AML patients treated at this single institution, thus, filling a clinical and scientific need. Methods: This study evaluated patients ≥18 years of age, diagnosed with AML between January 2004 and December 2013 and treated at the UH within the Medical Center in San Juan, PR. Data regarding socio-demographics, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, treatment and survival were obtained from medical records. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. Results: Of a total of 319 AML cases where the majority of the necessary data was obtained, the patients were mostly females (54.5%), between 41-64 y/o (43.9%), and living in the greater metropolitan area of San Juan or adjacent municipalities. Flow cytometry results mostly expressed the myeloid markers: CD13 (82%), CD117 (74%) and CD33 (68%), followed by the lineage independent antigens HLA-DR (59%) and CD34 (57%). Monoblastic expression were mostly CD64 (34%) and CD11c (31%), and the most frequent lymphoid markers were CD7 (14%) and CD4 (11%). Cytogenetic abnormalities were present in 68% of the patients, which were then sub-classified as simple (only 1) in 54%, double in 19% or complex (≥3) in 27%, and mostly involved chromosomes 17 (27%), 15 (26%), 8 (12%), 21 (10%) and 6 (6%). Of note, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was diagnosed in 17% of the patients having available cytogenetics data. Regarding treatment, the predominant induction regimen was the standard 7+3, with idarubicin as the most frequent anthracycline used; 25% of patients that received treatment required a re-induction, consisting mostly of a 5+2 regimen with the same drugs used initially. Subsequently, 48% of the initially treated patients received their first consolidation therapy. Although limited by unknown values, evidence of leukemia relapse was noted in at least 12% of all treated patients, occurring on average within 51.6 weeks, where 50% of the data resulted within 41.9 weeks. Excluding the APLs, leukemia relapse was noted in 25% of the patients. By the end of the study in 2016, 75.7% of the patients had died, and were more likely to be ≥65 of age than 41-64 or 18-40 (85% vs. 71% vs. 69%, respectively; p=0.02); or having complex cytogenetics than simple/double or normal (85% vs. 67%, vs. 77%, respectively; p=0.048). Among those that died, the average life span was about 40 weeks since diagnosis. On the other hand, those remaining alive at the end of the study have an average life span of 70.7 weeks from diagnosis till their last known visit. Conclusion: This first analysis presentation of our 10-year retrospective study provides valuable clinical information about the AMLs being treated at the UH. The most significant clinical factors impacting survival were: age at diagnosis and amount of cytogenetic abnormalities. A necessary sub-analysis regarding the impact of the cytogenetic abnormality type will follow, as the data was not readily available at this time. Since the UH is the major referral center on the island, we can safely say it represents the AMLs of Puerto Rico, an underrepresented Latino population from the Caribbean area. In spite of limitations in data collection, especially from earlier years (2004-2007), the numbers are still robust enough (in light of being an infrequent cancer type) to consider this study as the first comprehensive assessment of the AMLs in PR. Our findings provide insight into the clinical presentation and outcomes of AMLs in PR, and may serve as a platform for future comparison studies regarding race/ethnicity and disparities. Further identification of clinical factors and genetic/epigenetic abnormalities is important in order to individualize therapy and hopefully improve outcomes in our AML population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Orellano Colon, Elsa M., Luna S. Lugo, Ivelisse Rivera Rodríguez, Natalia Valentín Carro, and Nelson Almodovar Arbelo. "3107 Understanding barriers to and facilitators of a healthy lifestyle of Hispanic adults with end stage renal disease in hemodialysis: Intensive Development and Experiences in Advancement of Research and Increased Opportunities (IDEARIO)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.360.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Physical inactivity and mineral imbalances greatly contribute to morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Barriers for engaging in physical activity and adhering to the hemodialysis diet have been reported predominantly with white participants from countries other than Puerto Rico. Therefore, this study’s aims were to explore the barriers and facilitators that Hispanic adults with end-stage renal disease encountered for engaging in physical activity and adhering to the hemodialysis diet. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Three focus groups were conducted among 19 adults living with ESRD who received services from a renal center in Puerto Rico. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and coded first using inductive methods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The presence of fatigue, lack of acceptance of the renal condition, and lack of knowledge of appropriate exercises for patients in hemodialysis were the most frequently reported barriers to engage in physical activities. Cost of the renal diet, limited availability of the renal diet products, the restrictive nature and the lack of Puerto Rican taste of the renal diet, and inadequate educational materials were the most frequent barriers to adhere to the hemodialysis diet reported by the sample. The most commonly reported facilitators to engaging in physical activities were having a positive attitude, opportunities for group exercises, and listening to Hispanic music while exercising. Health benefits, family support, having financial resources, availability of community resources, and having willpower were the most commonly reported facilitators to adhere to the hemodialysis diet. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We identified a number of culturally relevant individual, interpersonal, institutional, and community-related barriers and facilitators to physical activity and adherence to the hemodialysis diet in patients with ESRD living in Puerto Rico. Evidence-based solutions to overcome these barriers and strategies for enhancing these facilitators should be addressed in future studies aimed at increasing the level of physical activity and increasing adherence to the hemodialysis diet in patients with ESRD living in Puerto Rico.
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Morales, Valerie, Solineel Glass, José De Angel, Bernando Vallejo, and Abner A. Rodríguez-Carías. "Incidence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses in Puerto Rico." Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 101, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v101i2.15792.
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Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is a very common condition in racehorses and is characterized by an alteration of the respiratory system. Depending on the magnitude, EIPH causes bleeding in lung passages making breathing difficult. EIPH is evaluated by endoscopies on a scale from 0 to 5, with 0 corresponding to no hemorrhage and 5 to a severe condition. In Puerto Rico, the only preventive measure used is the administration of a diuretic 4 h before the race. A data set was analyzed to determine factors associated with the incidence of EIPH and the preventive effect of the diuretic. The data was supplied by Equus PR, Center of Veterinary Medicine, and the factors considered were month of the year, sex (male or mare), distance of the race in meters (C1: 400 to 1,200; C2: 1,300 to 1,400; C3: > 1600), and the use or not of a diuretic. The randomly selected data of 2,632 endoscopies of racehorses running or not that were utilized represented 20% of the total endoscopies recorded in 2014. Of this number 1,377 were from horses within 1 to 3 h after the race, representing 52% of the total. A Chi-square test analysis was performed to determine the frequency of EIPH regarding the factors of month, sex, distance of the race, and use of the diuretic. Of the 1,377 animals, 488 presented some degree of EIPH, equivalent to 35% of the total sample. The percentage of affected horses suffering EIPH severity levels from 1 to 5 was 52.8, 23.6, 13.5, 7.3 and 2.8, respectively. The frequency and severity of EIPH were similar (P = 0.435) during the 12 months of the year. Males and mares also had similar (P = 0.587) incidence. Horses running shorter races (C1 and C2) had a higher (P<0.02) incidence of EIPH than those running longer races (C3). The number of healthy horses, or those suffering from the condition, was similar (P = 0.375) regardless of diuretic use. In summary, 35% of the racehorses competing presented some level of EIPH; month of year and sex did not alter the incidence. Horses running shorter distances showed a higher incidence of the condition, and use of the diuretic was not effective as a preventive method for EIPH.
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Velazquez, J. L., A. Pascual, N. Vidal, and P. Rodriguez. "Surgical Experience of Emergent Cricothyrodotomies and Timeframe for Tracheostomy Conversion in the Puerto Rico Trauma Center." Journal of Surgical Research 186, no. 2 (February 2014): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.152.
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Velazquez, J. L., N. Vidal, A. Abdul-Hadi, and F. Joglar. "Initial Experience with Endovascular Repair of Traumatic Sublcavian Arterial Injury in the Puerto Rico Trauma Center." Journal of Surgical Research 186, no. 2 (February 2014): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.334.
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Curet, L. Antonio, and José R. Oliver. "Mortuary Practices, Social Development, and Ideology in Precolumbian Puerto Rico." Latin American Antiquity 9, no. 3 (September 1998): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971729.
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Mortuary practices rank among the best sources of archaeological data from which to infer social organization, ideology, religious beliefs, and to a certain extent, the political structure of past societies. This essay (1) reviews mortuary practices among prehistoric groups of Puerto Rico, (2) proposes a possible sequence of changes through time, and (3) presents explanations that account for the observed changes. Aside from evident correlation with broad cultural developments, changes in mortuary practices can be understood best in the context of parallel developments in social, political, and economic complexity. We argue that in Puerto Rico a shift in mortuary practices from burying dead relatives in centralized cemeteries to the disposition of the dead in domestic contexts was strongly related to a shift from largely kin-based societies to the ranked organization of cacicazgos (chiefdoms). Particularly, we conclude that the shift in social organization from emphasis on extended descent groups that acted as corporate groups to nuclear households reflects a strategy utilized by the emerging elite to dismantle and reorient previous communal institutions. This shift was accomplished through the monopolization, by the emerging elite, of the tenets surrounding the cult of the ancestors to create a legitimizing ideology.
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Horan, Holly, Melissa Cheyney, Yvette Piovanetti, and Vanessa Caldari. "La Crisis de la Atención de Maternidad: Experts’ Perspectives on the Syndemic of Poor Perinatal Health Outcomes in Puerto Rico." Human Organization 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.1.2.
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The purpose of this study was to center the voices of maternal and infant health care (MIH) clinicians and public health experts to better understand factors associated with persistently high rates of poor perinatal health outcomes in Puerto Rico. Currently, Puerto Rican physicians, midwives, and other care providers’ perspectives are absent from the literature. Guided by a syndemics framework, data were collected during eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork and through open-ended, semi-structured interviews (n=20). Three core themes emerged. The first two themes: (1) Los estresores diarios: poor nutrition, contaminated water, and psychosocial stress; and (2) Medicina defensiva: solo obstetrics and fear-based medicine, describe contributing factors to Puerto Rico’s high preterm and cesarean birth rates. The third theme: (3) Medicina integrada: midwives, doulas, and comprehensive re-education explores potential solutions to the island’s maternity care crisis that include improved integration of perinatal care services and educational initiatives for both patients and providers. Collectively, participants’ narratives expose a syndemic of poor perinatal health outcomes that emerges from the structural vulnerability generated by decades of colonial domination embedded in the daily lives of island residents and in the Puerto Rican maternity care system.
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Ortega, Jose Luis, Maribel Tirado-Gomez, Fernando Cabanillas, Noridza Rivera-Rodriguez, Carlos Torres, and Karen Ortiz. "Epidemiologic findings of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Puerto Rico (PR)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e19505-e19505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e19505.
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e19505 Background: NHL was the 6th leading cause of cancer among USA Hispanics from 2005-2009. There is limited literature about lymphoma among Hispanics outside USA. The goal of this study is to assess the incidence, trends, survival and histological distribution in a population of Puerto Ricans and compare the results with USA. We report data on 3,184 pts diagnosed with lymphoma from the PR Cancer Center Registry during 2004-2009. Methods: Rates of sex-specific, age-adjusted incidence (AAIR) with 95% CI were estimated and standardized by age-adjustment according to the world standard population. The annual percent change (APC) using joint point regression analysis was determined. Data was compared with the SEER Cancer Statistic Review (1975-2009). Results: NHL comprises 82% of lymphomas in PR. As in USA it is the 6th most common cancer in males and the 7th in females. AAIR per 100,000 for NHL in PR was lower as compared to USA: 11.8 for males in PR vs 23.2 in USA, while for females it was 9.8 in PR vs 16.2 in USA. Despite a lower AAIR, there was an increase of 3.2% APC in NHL for PR during 2004-09. When analyzed according to gender, this rise was attributed only to females: 6.3% increase vs 0.5% in males. In contrast, in USA a decreasing trend in APC (-0.8%) was seen for females. B cell lymphomas in PR comprise 92% of NHL and 90% in USA. DLBCL represents 53% of all B cell-NHL in PR which is markedly higher than the 28% reported in USA. Follicular NHL in PR represents 22% of all NHL, in contrast to 32% in USA. There is a noticeable difference in the distribution of T cell lymphoma subtypes in PR as compared with USA, with a higher number of cases of anaplastic large cell and cutaneous T cell lymphomas and a lower frequency of angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphomas in PR. In terms of relative survival rate (RSR), our results are comparable to USA. Follicular NHL has a 5 year RSR of 74% in PR vs 75% in USA and DLBCL has a 5 year RSR of 47% in PR, vs 50% RSR in USA. Conclusions: Despite a lower AAIR, a significant increasing trend of NHL was observed in PR and we determined this to be exclusively observed among females. We also identified marked differences between the distribution of histologic subtypes of NHL in PR and USA. We plan to assess which histologic subtypes are increasing and in which regions of the island.
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Sambolin, Astrid Nicholl, and Kevin Carroll. "Using literature circles in the ESL college classroom: A lesson from Puerto Rico." Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal 17, no. 2 (October 23, 2015): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2015.2.a02.
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<em></em><strong></strong><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This paper will use data collected from a case study of a basic English course at the University of Puerto Rico where literature circles were used to promote understanding of a novel dealing with issues of race, class and privilege. The article will trace both the implementation of the literature circles and the use of students’ first language to facilitate the reading of <em>The</em> <em>Boy Without a Flag </em>by Abraham Rodríguez Jr. Special attention will be paid to the use of literature circles to promote student participation, both orally and in written form, as well as in discussion of topics relevant to students. Furthermore, such implementation of literature circles in the classroom provided students with diversity, self-choice and student initiative, as they worked together to mediate meaning and discuss what they felt was important. Findings suggest that students benefited from the use of their first language, since it served as a cognitive tool that allowed them to collaboratively scaffold while also enabling the instructor to gauge reading comprehension. Moreover, selecting a text whose content tapped into students’ funds of knowledge promoted classroom participation about topics and issues students deemed relevant both inside and outside the English classroom.</p><p><em>Key words: literature circles, ESL, adult learners, mother tongue, relevancy</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>El artículo utilizará datos recopilados a través de una monografía llevada a cabo en un curso de Inglés básico en la Universidad de Puerto Rico, donde se incorporaron círculos literarios para promover la comprensión de una novela que trata sobre los conceptos de raza, clase y privilegio. El artículo trazará la implementación de círculos literarios y el uso del primer idioma de los estudiantes para facilitar la lectura del libro <em>The</em> <em>Boy Without a Flag </em>por Abraham Rodríguez Jr. Se prestará atención especial al uso de círculos literarios para promover participación por parte de los estudiantes, tanto escrita como oral, así como en la discusión de temas relevantes para los estudiantes. Además, dicha implementación de círculos literarios en el salón proveyó oportunidades de diversidad, libre elección e iniciativa para los estudiantes mientras estos trabajaban juntos para mediar significado y discutir lo que a estos le parecía más importante. Los resultados sugieren que los estudiantes fueron beneficiados al utilizar su primer idioma, ya que este sirvió como una herramienta cognoscitiva que les permitió practicar andamiaje colectivo mientras permitió al instructor medir comprensión de lectura. Por último, seleccionar un texto que conecta con los fondos de conocimiento de los estudiantes promovió participación y discusión grupal de temas y asuntos que los estudiantes consideraron relevantes tanto dentro como fuera del salón.</p><p><em>Palabras claves: círculos literarios, ESL, estudiantes adultos, primer idioma, relevancia</em><strong></strong></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
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Di Paolo Harrison, Osvaldo. "Injured and Suffering Bodies: The Trafficking and Femicide of Dominican Immigrant Women in Puerto Rico." Perichoresis 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2020-0010.
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AbstractAfter drug and weapon trafficking, trafficking of women is one of the most lucrative businesses in the world. According to sociologists César Rey Hernández and Luisa Hernández Angueira in People Trafficking in Puerto Rico: The Challenge of Invisibility (2010), fifty percent of the victims are women and minors. This translates to 2.7 million women and girls that are enslaved in this inhuman business. Puerto Rico is no exception. One of its main problems is the slavery of Dominican women who, in search of a better life in Puerto Rico, are lured to illegally migrate to the island for better opportunities. However, once in the new territory, they are imprisoned and forced to become prostitutes. In addition, femicide is another world-wide pressing issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that violence against women, between fifteen and forty-four years of age, is the leading cause of death, more than cancer, malaria, car accidents and war combined, and the report ‘A Gendered Analysis of Violent Death’, compiled by Small Arms Survey Center, fourteen out of twenty-five countries with the highest rates of femicide in the world are in Latin America and the Caribbean. This essay focuses on Life is a Sexually Transmittable Disease (2014) by Wilfredo Mattos Cintron. In this novel, the enslaved-immigrant girls and women constitute an ‘injured body’, a body that is merely diminished. The third-world prostitute’s body is the material side of male-controlled dominance, subjugation and violence. Mattos Cintron’s text denounces the ‘suffering body of women’—rape, kidnapping, beating, femicide, their exclusion from human rights and sexual relegation. Moreover, along with patriarchy’s power and the socioeconomic variables as responsible agents of creating the injured body, globalization and capitalism objectify and make women’s bodies currency of the system.
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de Arzola, Olga Rodríguez. "Emergency Preparedness and Hurricane Maria: The Experience of a Regional Academic Medical Center in Southwest Puerto Rico." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-18-00547.1.
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Diaz, Keila, Sofia Marcano, Victor Ortiz, Carlos Sanchez, Elvis Santiago, and Jorge J. Zequeira. "Imaging-Associated Radiation Trends in a Puerto Rican Pediatric Surgical Population: Is Over-Radiation an Issue in Our Emergency Departments?" American Surgeon 84, no. 8 (August 2018): 1269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481808400834.
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The increased use of CT scans has raised concerns regarding the risks of early radiation exposure in the Puerto Rico pediatric population. Available literature sustains that repeated exposure to imaging-related radiation in the pediatric population is associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of developing pediatric hematogenous and central nervous system malignancies. It is for this reason that an international effort known as the Image Gently Campaign was created, mostly based on the “As Low As Reasonably Achievable” (ALARA) principle described by the Center for Disease Control. With this in mind, our aim was to identify whether there are any discrepancies in imaging tendencies outside our pediatric academic center in Puerto Rico and to determine whether our patients are at increased risk of over-radiation. There were 181 patients; five were excluded because of incomplete data. Our results show that children with appendicitis who are evaluated at nontertiary centers are more likely to have a CT scan performed (93%, OR: 4.054; 95% confidence interval: 2.6–6.4), as opposed to a nonradiating imaging study. In the Pediatric University Hospital, a CT scan was performed as the initial study in 23 per cent of the patients (OR: 0.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.18), favoring ultrasound as the diagnostic modality of choice. Our concern is that if this trend does not change, our pediatric population might have an increased risk of developing associated malignancies. We believe a local effort toward educational strategies should be implemented to prevent radiation overexposure in our pediatric patients.
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Earle, Paul S., Harley M. Benz, William L. Yeck, Gavin P. Hayes, Michelle R. Guy, John M. Patton, David S. Kragness, et al. "Seismic Monitoring during Crises at the NEIC in Support of the ANSS." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 5 (July 14, 2021): 2905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200289.
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Abstract Over the past two decades, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) has overcome many operational challenges. These range from minor disruptions, such as power outages, to significant operational changes, including system reconfiguration to handle unique earthquake sequences and the need to handle distributed work during a pandemic. Our ability to overcome crises is built on the development and implementation of a continuity of operations plan, well-designed infrastructure, adaptive software systems, experienced staff, and extensive collaboration. The NEIC does not operate in a vacuum but benefits from contributions of United States and international seismic networks. Similarly, the overall resilience of earthquake monitoring in the United States and around the globe benefits from the NEIC’s role as the national center for the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). Here, we highlight significant adaptations the NEIC has made in the face of crises. We discuss the COVID-19 pandemic, which represents the most significant operational crisis to impact the NEIC. The NEIC has maintained continuous operations during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by shifting from a fully onsite operations center to a distributed hybrid of onsite and telework staffing. We then discuss cases in which the NEIC has supported regional monitoring in the face of significant crises. In 2018, the NEIC assisted the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory with the Kīlauea volcano eruption by responding to large events, implementing contingency monitoring procedures, and calculating moment magnitudes for the low-frequency caldera collapses. Impacts of a crisis extend beyond the immediate response and often require a significant postevent assessment and a rebuilding phase. After the 2017 Hurricane Maria, the NEIC, the USGS National Strong-Motion Program, and the USGS Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory worked with the Puerto Rico Seismic Network and the Puerto Rico Strong-Motion program to assess, plan, and implement upgrades at sites that experienced storm damage.
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Oda, Gina, Almea Matanock, Jennifer C. Hunter, Anita Patel, Satish Pillai, Timothy Styles, Sonia Saavedra, et al. "449. Post-Hurricane Maria Surveillance for Infectious Diseases in the Veterans Affairs San Juan Medical Center, Puerto Rico." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S168—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.458.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 73, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1999): 121–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002590.
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-Charles V. Carnegie, W. Jeffrey Bolster, Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the age of sail. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. xiv + 310 pp.-Stanley L. Engerman, Wim Klooster, Illicit Riches: Dutch trade in the Caribbean, 1648-1795. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1998. xiv + 283 pp.-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Emma Aurora Dávila Cox, Este inmenso comercio: Las relaciones mercantiles entre Puerto Rico y Gran Bretaña 1844-1898. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1996. xxi + 364 pp.-Félix V. Matos Rodríguez, Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico y la lucha por la hegomonía en el Caribe: Colonialismo y contrabando, siglos XVI-XVIII. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico y Centro de Investigaciones Históricas, 1995. ix + 244 pp.-Herbert S. Klein, Patrick Manning, Slave trades, 1500-1800: Globalization of forced labour. Hampshire, U.K.: Variorum, 1996. xxxiv + 361 pp.-Jay R. Mandle, Kari Levitt ,The critical tradition of Caribbean political economy: The legacy of George Beckford. Kingston: Ian Randle, 1996. xxvi + 288., Michael Witter (eds)-Kevin Birth, Belal Ahmed ,The political economy of food and agriculture in the Caribbean. Kingston: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1996. xxi + 276 pp., Sultana Afroz (eds)-Sarah J. Mahler, Alejandro Portes ,The urban Caribbean: Transition to the new global economy. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1997. xvii + 260 pp., Carlos Dore-Cabral, Patricia Landolt (eds)-O. Nigel Bolland, Ray Kiely, The politics of labour and development in Trinidad. Barbados, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago: The Press University of the West Indies, 1996. iii + 218 pp.-Lynn M. Morgan, Aviva Chomsky, West Indian workers and the United Fruit Company in Costa Rica, 1870-1940. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996. xiii + 302 pp.-Eileen J. Findlay, Maria del Carmen Baerga, Genero y trabajo: La industria de la aguja en Puerto Rico y el Caribe hispánico. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1993. xxvi + 321 pp.-Andrés Serbin, Jorge Rodríguez Beruff ,Security problems and policies in the post-cold war Caribbean. London: :Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's, 1996. 249 pp., Humberto García Muñiz (eds)-Alex Dupuy, Irwin P. Stotzky, Silencing the guns in Haiti: The promise of deliberative democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. xvi + 294 pp.-Carrol F. Coates, Myriam J.A. Chancy, Framing silence: Revolutionary novels by Haitian women. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997. ix + 200 pp.-Havidán Rodríguez, Walter Díaz, Francisco L. Rivera-Batiz ,Island paradox: Puerto Rico in the 1990's. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1996. xi + 198 pp., Carlos E. Santiago (eds)-Ramona Hernández, Alan Cambeira, Quisqueya la Bella: The Dominican Republic in historical and cultural perspective. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996. xi + 272 pp.-Ramona Hernández, Emilio Betances ,The Dominican Republic today: Realities and perspectives. New York: Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere studies, CUNY, 1996. 205 pp., Hobart A. Spalding, Jr. (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, Eberhard Bolay, The Dominican Republic: A country between rain forest and desert. Wekersheim, FRG: Margraf Verlag, 1997. 456 pp.-Virginia R. Dominguez, Patricia R. Pessar, A visa for a dream: Dominicans in the United States. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. xvi + 98 pp.-Diane Austin-Broos, Nicole Rodriguez Toulis, Believing identity: Pentecostalism and the mediation of Jamaican ethnicity and gender in England. Oxford NY: Berg, 1997. xv + 304 p.-Mary Chamberlain, Trevor A. Carmichael, Barbados: Thirty years of independence. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 1996. xxxv + 294 pp.-Paul van Gelder, Gert Oostindie, Het paradijs overzee: De 'Nederlandse' Caraïben en Nederland. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1997. 385 pp.-Roger D. Abrahams, Richard D.E. Burton, Afro-Creole: Power, Opposition, and Play in the Caribbean. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1997. x + 297 pp.-Roger D. Abrahams, Joseph Roach, Cities of the dead: Circum-Atlantic performance. New York NY: Columbia University Press, 1996. xiii + 328 pp.-George Mentore, Peter A. Roberts, From oral to literate culture: Colonial experience in the English West Indies. Kingston, Jamaica: The Press University of the West Indies, 1997. xii + 301 pp.-Emily A. Vogt, Howard Johnson ,The white minority in the Caribbean. Princeton NJ: Markus Wiener, 1998. xvi + 179 pp., Karl Watson (eds)-Virginia Heyer Young, Sheryl L. Lutjens, The state, bureaucracy, and the Cuban schools: Power and participation. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1996. xiii + 239 pp.
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Paredes Gutiérrez, Marlio, Brenda Carolina Torres Velasquez, Yashira Marie Sanchez Colon, and Fred Charles Schaffner Gibbs. "Two mathematical approaches to study the phosphorus eutrophication of a wetland in Puerto Rico." INGE CUC 15, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.1.2019.06.
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Introduction: Laguna Cartagena (LC), a wetland in Lajas, Puerto Rico, has been negatively impacted by nutrients, mainly phosphorus run-off from agricultural activities until the end of sugar cane cultivation in the late 1900s. This led to P concentration remain high at hypereutrophic state that was irremediable even after a 5-fold reduction in source water nutrient concentration.
Objective: The main goal of this research paper is to apply two different mathematical approaches to assess the eutrophication level of a wetland in Puerto Rico.
Method: Grey Cluster Method (GCM) was used to classify LC’s eutrophic state by applying the International and Chinese trophic standards and two parameters, total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). Mean TP and TN from LC consolidated bottom substrate and flocculence samples were used to classify LC. To address whether LC can recover, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and TP from LC inlet, outlet and center water samples were used to model (differential equation) the input and loss of phosphorus in LC and determine whether an equilibrium point exists. GCM analysis classified LC as a eutrophic wetland using the International standard and hypereutrophic using the Chinese standard.
Results: Trophic state classification did not vary with use of consolidated bottom substrate versus flocculence samples. The differential equation model showed that SRP and TP levels within LC were higher than levels of SRP and TP entering LC, which could be caused by a nutrient recycling process within LC that may predict failure of remediation efforts. An equilibrium point was found at the eutrophic level, which means that even if there is a reduction in phosphorus input, there will not be a change in LC’s eutrophic state.
Conclusions: Chinese trophic standard indicated LC was in a hypertrophic state. Similar results were found using the international standard. The differential equation model showed that LC is irreversible.
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Clatts, Michael C., Carlos E. Rodriguez-Díaz, Hermes García, Ricardo L. Vargas-Molina, Gerardo G. Jovet-Toledo, and Lloyd A. Goldsamt. "Preliminary Evidence of Significant Gaps in Continuity of HIV Care among Excarcerated Populations in Puerto Rico." Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care 10, no. 6 (August 24, 2011): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545109711418833.
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Objective: Puerto Rico has high HIV prevalence and incidence rates, including a large prison population living with HIV. While HIV treatment is available within the prisons, there are no linkages to care or treatment preparedness interventions following release. Methods: In an effort to assess the risk of treatment discontinuity in this group, we examined data from an ongoing epidemiological study in the largest, publicly funded HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment center in the San Juan area. Results: Among the newly enrolled, HIV-positive patients with a history of incarceration, there was an average 4-year gap in reengagement in treatment. Drug and sexual risk behaviors were prevalent, as was evidence of significant immune impairment (including high viral load and low CD4 count). Conclusions: Treatment discontinuity may contribute to poor health outcomes in this group and also fuel new infections. There is an urgent need for interventions to retain HIV-positive inmates in community HIV care following release.
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Torres-Valentin, Marie, Karen G. Martinez-Gonzalez, and Alfonso Martinez-Taboas. "28835 Describing Physical Symptoms among Patients with PTSD at an Anxiety Clinic in Puerto Rico." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.697.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our work will provide valuable information about the associations between physical symptoms and PTSD in patients from a Spanish-speaking, evidence-based clinic. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In this reserach study, we want to describe physical symptoms of patients with a preliminary PTSD diagnosis. We also want to explain associations between physical symptoms, and the presence, or absence of PTSD, and to evaluate findings in terms of prevention services, referrals, and alternatives for augmenting treatment-adherence. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This was a descriptive, secondary database analysis of the Center for the Study of Fear and Anxiety (by its Spanish acronym, CETMA). The database included information of the initial evaluation between 2012 and 2019. We aimed to describe sociodemographic and medical variables, and evaluate associations, in terms of the presence or absence of PTSD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Patients with PTSD were mostly women, single, with a completed bachelor’s degree. The majority had at least one neurological, or musculoskeletal condition. Respiratory conditions were the least represented. We found significant associations between musculoskeletal, neurological, and ear/nose/throat conditions, in terms of PTSD diagnosis. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Puerto Rico recently experienced two hurricanes, several earthquakes, and the pandemic. Findings provide data about the interface between mental and physical symptoms of patients with PTSD. We recommend a randomized population study with mental and physical variables, for understanding possible effects of cumulative stress in Puerto Ricans.
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Medero-Rodriguez, Priscilla M., Felipe Velez, Ricardo De La Villa, Mariel Lopez, Esther A. Torres, and Juan Lojo. "Crohnʼs Disease: The Surgical Experience at the Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Puerto Rico from 2010 to 2012." American Journal of Gastroenterology 111 (October 2016): S312. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201610001-00687.
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de Jensen, C. Estévez, C. L. Harmon, and A. Vitoreli. "First Report of Asian Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Puerto Rico." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (October 2013): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0108-pdn.
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Sentinel plots for monitoring Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. were initiated in 2005 at Isabela (EEI), Adjuntas (EEA), and Juana Diaz (EEJD) experiment stations. Until 2009, no signs or symptoms of ASR were observed in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) or common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). These sites were found to be negative for the occurrence of ASR based on PCR with specific primers Ppa1 and Ppa2 (2). However, P. meibomiae, the cause of American soybean rust (AmSR) endemic to this region, was found in Adjuntas naturally infecting numerous wild and cultivated legumes, particularly Lablab purpureus (3). Symptoms of AmSR in L. purpureus appeared as reddish-brown spots on the underside of the leaves with three to four uredia per lesion. On February 12, 2011, leaf samples of soybean in beginning pod-fill (R5) and beginning-maturity (R8) growth stages were collected in a winter nursery at EEI and found to have small brown specks with chlorotic haloes on the underside of the leaves and leaf sections from symptomatic areas indicated an abundance of uredinia. Under the light microscope, urediniospores observed at 40× were morphologically similar to Phakopsora spp. Total DNA was extracted from leaf discs using the Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit following the methods of Frederick et al. (2). Detection of ASR pathogen was achieved via PCR amplification with Ppa1 and Ppa2 primers that are specific for P. pachyrhizi Syd. After sequencing the amplicon, BLAST analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA genes indicated 100% identity with known P. pachyrhizi sequences in GenBank. The sequence of isolate P. pachyrhizi EEI-2011 was submitted to GenBank as JX994293. No amplification was observed after PCR with species-specific primers Pme1 and Pme2 specific for P. meibomiae (Arthur) Arthur. L. purpureus collected from EEA and Utuado only appears to be infected by P. meibomiae and no mixed infections with P. pachyrhizi were apparent, based on the PCR test. Leaf samples from EEI were sent to the UF Plant Diagnostic Center in Gainesville, FL, where quantitative PCR with primers Ppa1 and Ppa2 confirmed the presence of P. pachyrhizi; while P. meibomiae was not detected with primers Pme1 and Pme2. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on the soybean cv. Williams with isolate EEI-2011. Fifteen-day-old soybean plants were inoculated by attaching an infected and sporulating 1 cm2 piece of soybean leaf from EEI-2011 with an average of 4.5 × 105 urediniospores per cm2 (1). Inoculated plants were placed in a growth chamber at 20°C night and 28°C day temperatures, 80% humidity, and a 12-h light photoperiod. Small reddish brown spots with chlorotic haloes developed 4 to 6 days after inoculation and tan lesions appeared 10 to 15 days later. Mature tan lesions developed in 2 weeks with an average of 2.4 uredinia/lesion. Urediniospores were observed with light microscope and these were morphologically similar to those spores observed in the original diseased samples. Another PCR test confirmed P. pachyrhizi after amplification with the species-specific primers. The pathogenicity test was repeated twice with the same cultivar. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ASR in Puerto Rico and this finding will have implications as another overwintering site for Asian soybean rust in the Caribbean region. References: (1) C. Estévez de Jensen et al. J. Agric. Univ. P.R. 93:125, 2009. (2) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002. (3) B. Vega and C. Estévez de Jensen. J. Agric. Univ. P.R. 94:211, 2010.
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Collazo, Jaime A., Matthew J. Krachey, Kenneth H. Pollock, Francisco J. Pérez-Aguilo, Jan P. Zegarra, and Antonio A. Mignucci-Giannoni. "Population estimates of Antillean manatees in Puerto Rico: an analytical framework for aerial surveys using multi-pass removal sampling." Journal of Mammalogy 100, no. 4 (May 29, 2019): 1340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz076.
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AbstractEffective management of the threatened Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Puerto Rico requires reliable estimates of population size. Estimates are needed to assess population responses to management actions, and whether recovery objectives have been met. Aerial surveys have been conducted since 1976, but none adjusted for imperfect detection. We summarize surveys since 1976, report on current distribution, and provide population estimates after accounting for apparent detection probability for surveys between June 2010 and March 2014. Estimates in areas of high concentration (hotspots) averaged 317 ± 101, three times higher than unadjusted counts (104 ± 0.56). Adjusted estimates in three areas outside hotspots also differed markedly from counts (75 ± 9.89 versus 19.5 ± 3.5). Average minimum island-wide estimate was 386 ± 89, similar to the maximum estimate of 360 suggested in 2005, but fewer than the 700 recently suggested by the Puerto Rico Manatee Conservation Center. Manatees were more widespread than previously understood. Improving estimates, locally or island-wide, will require stratifying the island differently and greater knowledge about factors affecting detection probability. Sharing our protocol with partners in nearby islands (e.g., Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola), whose populations share genetic make-up, would contribute to enhanced regional conservation through better population estimates and tracking range expansion.El manejo efectivo del manatí antillano amenazado en Puerto Rico requiere estimados de tamaños de poblaciónes confiables. Dichas estimaciones poblacionales son necesarias para evaluar las respuestas a las acciones de manejo, y para determinar si los objetivos de recuperación han sido alcanzados. Se han realizado censos aéreos desde 1976, pero ninguno de ellos han sido ajustados para detecciones imperfectas. Aquí resumimos los censos desde 1976, actualizamos la distribución, y reportamos los primeros estimados poblacionales ajustados para la probabilidad de detección aparente en los censos de Junio 2010 a Marzo 2014. Las estimaciones poblacionales en áreas de mayor concentración del manatí promedió 317 ± 103, tres veces más abundante que los conteos sin ajuste (104 ± 0.56). Las estimaciones poblacionales en tres áreas fuera de las áreas de mayor concentración del manatí también fueron marcadamente diferentes (75 ± 9.89 vs 19.5 ± 3.5). El estimado mínimo poblacional en la isla entera fue de 386 ± 89, similar al estimado máximo de 360 sugerido en el año 2005, pero menor a los 700 sugeridos recientemente por el Centro de Conservación de Manatíes de Puerto Rico. Documentamos que el manatí tiene una distribución más amplia de lo que se sabía con anterioridad. El mejoramiento de los estimados poblacionales locales o a nivel de isla requerirá que se estratifique a la isla en forma diferente y que se investiguen los factores que influencian a la probabilidad de detección. Compartir protocolos como este con colaboradores de islas vecinas (por. ej., Cuba, Jamaica, Española), cuyas poblaciones de manatíes comparten material genético, contribuiría a la conservación regional mediante mejores estimaciones poblacionales y monitoreo de la expansión de su ámbito doméstico.
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Ortiz Díaz, Alberto. "Pathologizing the Jíbaro: Mental and Social Health in Puerto Rico's Oso Blanco (1930s to 1950s)." Americas 77, no. 3 (July 2020): 409–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2020.39.
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ABSTRACTThe jíbaro—the emblematic figure of Puerto Rico—has long been at the center of the archipelago's political and professional discussions. Building on the work of scholars who have traced the jíbaro's history, this article complicates the tension between the politically nationalistic definition of humble jíbaros working in the countryside and scientific observations of jíbaros within the confines of the criminal-legal system. By the mid twentieth century, mainstream understandings of jíbaros were increasingly fashioned by psychiatry, social science, and social work, all of which connected jíbaros to other rural identities. These projections of the jíbaro powerfully materialized in Puerto Rico's premier biosocial laboratory, the Insular Penitentiary at Río Piedras (popularly known as Oso Blanco). An analysis of the work of penitentiary psychiatrists and social health professionals with prison inmates reveals a more complex, troubling image of redeemable Puerto Rican men with rural roots and sensibilities than the idyllic representations of jíbaros circulating at the time suggest. Oso Blanco health practitioners pathologized the jíbaro to identify and mend his perceived psychosocial shortcomings, and to diminish any defiance he harbored. In so doing, they reinforced the notion that jíbaros were racialized living artifacts central to colonial-populist designs and constituency-building.
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Alvarez, Ariel. "State Religious Exemptions and Child Medical Neglect: Ambiguity in Child Welfare Policy and Procedures." Public Voices 14, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.45.
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The liberty interest of parents and the state’s role as parens patriae conflict in cases of re-ligious based child medical neglect. All 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico provide some form of religious exemption against prosecution for religious based child medical neglect. State religious exemptions related to religious based denial of medical treatment contain one or more intervention thresholds based on parental liberty interest, best interest of the child, and harm standard.Using the 2010 National District Attorneys Association’s National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse Religious Exemption Statutes, an in-depth examination of state medical neglect religious exemption legislation prior to August 2010 was conducted for the 50 states in the continental U.S., District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The study sample consisted of 16 states identified as including only a parental liberty interest provision in their state religious exemption statutes. A comparative analysis method was used to compare state child welfare agency/child protective services policy and procedure manu-als to determine: (a) which states provided guidelines for investigating religious based child medical neglect and (b) specific procedural requirements for investigating and re-sponding to cases of suspected or observed religious based child medical neglect. The best approach to balance parental liberty interest and states’ obligation as parens patriae to protect a child’s liberty interest of health and well-being is through policies based on the harm principle as the threshold for state intervention rather than the best interest or the liberty interest standard.
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Rosa, Alessandra. "Student activists’ affective strategies during the 2010-2011 siege of the University of Puerto Rico." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 11/12 (October 10, 2016): 824–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-12-2015-0149.
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Purpose On December 14, 2010, University of Puerto Rico (UPR) student activists initiated the second wave of their strike at a disadvantage. The presence of the police force inside the campus raised the stakes for the student movement. No longer did student activists have the “legal rights” or control of the university as a physical public space to hold their assemblies and coordinate their different events. As a result, student activists had to improvise and (re)construct their spaces of resistance by using emotional narratives, organizing non-violent civil disobedience acts at public places, fomenting lobbying groups, disseminating online petitions, and developing alternative proposals to the compulsory fee. This second wave continued until March 2011, when it came to a halt after an incident that involved physical harassment to the Chancellor, Ana Guadalupe, during one of the student demonstrations. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Building on Ron Eyerman’s (2005, p. 53) analysis on “the role of emotions in social movements with the aid of performance theory,” the author center this paper on examining student activists’ tactics and strategies in the development and maintenance of their emotional narratives and internet activism. By adapting Joshua Atkinson’s (2010) concept of resistance performance, the author argues that student activists’ resistance performances assisted them in (re)framing their collective identities by (re)constructing spaces of resistance and contention while immersed in violent confrontations with the police. Findings Ever since the establishment of the university as an institution, student activism has played a key role in shaping the political policies and history of many countries; “today, student actions continue to have direct effects on educational institutions and on national and international politics” (Edelman, 2001, p. 3). Consequently, and especially in times of economic and political crisis, student activism has occupied and constructed spaces of resistance and contention to protest and reveal the existing repressions of neoliberal governments serving as a (re)emergence of an international social movement to guarantee the accessibility to a public higher education of excellence. Thus, it is important to remember that the 2010-2011 UPR student activism’s success should not be measured by the sum of demands granted, but rather by the sense of community achieved and the establishment of social networks that have continued to create resistance and change in the island. Originality/value As of yet there is no thorough published analysis of the 2010-2011 UPR student strike, its implications, and how the university community currently perceives it. By elaborating on the concept of resistance performance, the author’s study illustrates how both traditional and alternative media (re)presentations of student activism can develop, maintain, adjust, or change the students’ collective identity(ies). The author’s work not only makes Puerto Rico visible in the research concerning social movements, student activism, and internet activism; in addition, it provides resistance performance as a concept to describe various degrees of participation in current social movements.
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Boyer, E., M. Petitdidier, and P. Larzabal. "Stochastic Maximum Likelihood (SML) parametric estimation of overlapped Doppler echoes." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 11 (November 29, 2004): 3983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3983-2004.
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Abstract. This paper investigates the area of overlapped echo data processing. In such cases, classical methods, such as Fourier-like techniques or pulse pair methods, fail to estimate the first three spectral moments of the echoes because of their lack of resolution. A promising method, based on a modelization of the covariance matrix of the time series and on a Stochastic Maximum Likelihood (SML) estimation of the parameters of interest, has been recently introduced in literature. This method has been tested on simulations and on few spectra from actual data but no exhaustive investigation of the SML algorithm has been conducted on actual data: this paper fills this gap. The radar data came from the thunderstorm campaign that took place at the National Astronomy and Ionospheric Center (NAIC) in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, in 1998.
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Robledo, Iraida E., Guillermo J. Vázquez, Ellen S. Moland, Edna E. Aquino, Richard V. Goering, Kenneth S. Thomson, María I. Santé, and Nancy D. Hanson. "Dissemination and Molecular Epidemiology of KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Collected in Puerto Rico Medical Center Hospitals during a 1-Year Period." Epidemiology Research International 2011 (December 29, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/698705.
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During a 2003-2004 PCR-based surveillance study conducted in 6 Puerto Rico Medical Center hospitals, 27/92 multi-beta-lactam-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were identified as carbapenemase (KPC) positive in 4 hospitals. The objectives of this study were to identify the KPC variants, their genetic relatedness, and any other beta-lactamases present. Susceptibility testing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), isoelectric focusing, PCR, and DNA sequencing were performed. KPC variants -2, -3, -4, and -6 were identified. Additional beta-lactamases detected were TEM, DHA, OXA-9 and -30. Antimicrobial susceptibility to carbapenems varied depending on the KPC variant. Five PFGE genetically related groups were identified in 15 isolates and 12 unrelated types. PFGE profiles suggested that both clonal and horizontal transfer are contributing to the dissemination of these isolates among the various hospitals. Comparison of the 2003 and a 2009 surveillance studies showed a significant increase in the KPC-positive K. pneumoniae isolates in the latter.
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KOCIOLEK, J. P., A. DANZ, J. SWENSON, K. THIROUIN, D. M. WILLIAMS, and T. BORSA. "Taxonomy, valve ultrastructure, nomenclature and a comparison of two species of Bacillariales from freshwaters of Puerto Rico." Phytotaxa 468, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.2.3.
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We have investigated two canal-raphe bearing taxa from two freshwater long-term ecological monitoring sites in the NEON program from Puerto Rico. The identity of these two taxa have been misunderstood, and they have been mistaken for one another, due to being similar in size, shape and having interrupted striae across the valve face. Denticula occidentalis Østrup was described from the U.S. Virgin Islands, and like its congeners has fibulae that extend across the valve face as thickened ribs. The species also has valvocopulae that are typical for the genus, with arched sections that clasp onto the knob-like fibulae. Denticula occidentalis has a discontinuous raphe system, and external proximal raphe ends are hooked towards the valve center and elongated. Grunowia portoricensis, sp. nov. has fibulae restricted to the raphe side of the valve, though unlike most members of the genus the fibulae are knob-like. The raphe is continuous across the central area. Though described here as new to science, the species has been illustrated previously from Venezuela. Distinctions between Nitzschia, Denticula and Grunowia are discussed.
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Gonzalez, V., M. Velez, E. Pedro, C. Cruz, M. Cotto, M. Colon, J. Romaguera, C. Chevere-Mourino, L. A. Delgado- Mateu, and M. Tirado-Gomez. "Identification of supportive care needs in a sample of Puerto Rican cancer patients with the Supportive Care Needs Survey-34 (SCNS-34)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20697-e20697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20697.
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e20697 Background: The assessment of supportive care needs is important in the management of cancer patients. The Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-34) was administered to a population of Puerto Rican cancer patients to assess their perceived needs in five domains (psychological, health system and information, physical and daily living, patient care and support, and sexuality.) Methods: Patients attending the surgical, radiation and medical oncology clinics at the Puerto Rico Medical Center participated in the study. After informed consent, patients completed the Spanish- Puerto Rican translation of the SCNS-34. A second instrument to measure the quality of the SCNS-34 was administered. Demographic and clinical data was obtained from medical records. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess correlation between reported needs and demographic and clinical data. To assess the validity and consistency of the Spanish Puerto Rican translation of the SCNS-34, the Cronbach's alpha test was used. Results: A total of 103 patients participated in the study (female n=66; male n=37). Median age was 54 years. The most common malignancies were breast cancer (29 patients), gynecologic cancers (22 patients), prostate cancer (17 patients) and gastrointestinal cancers (14 patients). The overall internal consistency of the instrument was 0.882. Patients perceived needs were highest in the domains of sexuality (67%), physical and daily living (55.3%), and psychological (38.8%). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that younger age was an independent predictor of perceived needs in the psychologic domain (p=0.010). Also, a diagnosis of breast cancer was a significant predictor of perceived needs in the health system and information domain (p=0.020). Being a female was correlated with reporting needs in the domain of physical and daily living (p=0.009). Educated patients were more prone to perceive needs in the domains of sexuality (p=0.045). Conclusions: The Spanish- Puerto Rican translation of the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-34) showed satisfactory internal consistency and validity. The supportive care needs of Puerto Ricans cancer patients seem to be affected by age, gender, and cancer site. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Victoria, Samuel E., Jorge L. Martinez-Trabal, and Luis J. Torruella. "Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Repair (EVAR) and Open AAA Repair: Case Series From 2008-2013 From a Single Center in Ponce Puerto Rico." Journal of Vascular Surgery 61, no. 6 (June 2015): 59S—60S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2015.04.109.
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Villamil, Irene, Yamilka Abreu, Wasilah Suleiman, Jorge Chelehuitte, Juan Lojo, Carmen Gonzalez-Keelan, and Esther Torres. "Outcomes of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis at the University of Puerto Rico Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." American Journal of Gastroenterology 106 (October 2011): S474. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201110002-01251.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 72, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1998): 305–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002597.
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-Lennox Honychurch, Robert L. Paquette ,The lesser Antilles in the age of European expansion. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996. xii + 383 pp., Stanley L. Engerman (eds)-Kevin A. Yelvington, Gert Oostindie, Ethnicity in the Caribbean: Essays in honor of Harry Hoetink. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1996. xvi + 239 pp.-Aisha Khan, David Dabydeen ,Across the dark waters: Ethnicity and Indian identity in the Caribbean. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1996. xi + 222 pp., Brinsley Samaroo (eds)-Tracey Skelton, Ralph R. Premdas, Ethnic conflict and development: The case of Guyana. Brookfield VT: Ashgate, 1995. xi + 205 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Basdeo Mangru, A history of East Indian resistance on the Guyana sugar estates, 1869-1948. Lewiston NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1996. xiv + 370 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Clem Seecharan, 'Tiger in the stars': The anatomy of Indian achievement in British Guiana 1919-29. London: Macmillan, 1997. xxviii + 401 pp.-Brian Stoddart, Frank Birbalsingh, The rise of Westindian cricket: From colony to nation. St. John's, Antigua: Hansib Publishing (Caribbean), 1996. 274 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Peter van Koningsbruggen, Trinidad Carnival: A quest for national identity. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1997. ix + 293 pp.-Peter van Koningsbruggen, John Cowley, Carnival, Canboulay and Calypso: Traditions in the making. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. xv + 293 pp.-Olwyn M. Blouet, George Gmelch ,The Parish behind God's back : The changing culture of rural Barbados. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997. xii + 240 pp., Sharon Bohn Gmelch (eds)-George Gmelch, Mary Chamberlain, Narratives of exile and return. London: Macmillan, 1997. xii + 236 pp.-Michèle Baj Strobel, Christiane Bougerol, Une ethnographie des conflits aux Antilles: Jalousie, commérages, sorcellerie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997. 161 pp.-Abdollah Dashti, Randy Martin, Socialist ensembles: Theater and state in Cuba and Nicaragua. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. xii + 261 pp.-Winthrop R. Wright, Jay Kinsbruner, Not of pure blood: The free people of color and racial prejudice in nineteenth-century Puerto Rico. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1996. xiv + 176 pp.-Gage Averill, Deborah Pacini Hernandez, Bachata: A social history of a Dominican popular music. Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 1995. xxiii + 267 pp.-Vera M. Kutzinski, Lorna Valerie Williams, The representation of slavery in Cuban fiction. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1994. viii + 220 pp.-Peter Mason, Elmer Kolfin, Van de slavenzweep en de muze: Twee eeuwen verbeelding van slavernij in Suriname. Leiden: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 1997. 184 pp.-J. Michael Dash, Jean-Pol Madou, Édouard Glissant: De mémoire d'arbes. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996. 114 pp.-Ransford W. Palmer, Jay R. Mandle, Persistent underdevelopment: Change and economic modernization in the West Indies. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1996. xii + 190 pp.-Ramón Grossfoguel, Juan E. Hernández Cruz, Corrientes migratorias en Puerto Rico/Migratory trends in Puerto Rico. Edición Bilingüe/Bilingual Edition. San Germán: Caribbean Institute and Study Center for Latin America, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, 1994. 195 pp.-Gert Oostindie, René V. Rosalia, Tambú: De legale en kerkelijke repressie van Afro-Curacaose volksuitingen. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 1997. 338 pp.-John M. Lipski, Armin J. Schwegler, 'Chi ma nkongo': Lengua y rito ancestrales en El Palenque de San Basilio (Colombia). Frankfurt: Vervuert, 1996. 2 vols., xxiv + 823 pp.-Umberto Ansaldo, Geneviève Escure, Creole and dialect continua: Standard acquisition processes in Belize and China (PRC). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1997. ix + 307 pp.
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Cass, Amanda S., Johlee S. Odinet, John M. Valgus, and Daniel J. Crona. "Infusion reactions following administration of intravenous rolapitant at an academic medical center." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 7 (October 22, 2018): 1776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218808084.
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In 2017, due to a fluid shortage secondary to Hurricane Maria's devastation of Puerto Rico, hospitals and health-systems began to substitute rolapitant for fosaprepitant as part of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prevention and treatment strategies. However, despite advantageous pharmacologic and formulation (e.g. long half-life, quicker time to onset, and lack of first-pass hepatic metabolism) profiles, there seems to be significant risk of infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions associated with the administration of intravenous rolapitant. In January 2018, the U.S. FDA issued a Health Care Provider Letter stating that anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, and other serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in the postmarketing setting. Importantly, these reactions were observed at a higher rate than initially reported in the phase 1 bioequivalence study that led to FDA approval of intravenous rolapitant (2.8%), with many resulting in hospitalizations. At our institution, rolapitant-induced infusion-related reactions also occurred in more patients than expected (8.7%). Described herein are six cases of infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions with intravenous rolapitant at the North Carolina Cancer Hospital. Due to the quick onset of the infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions with intravenous rolapitant, interpatient differences in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics are unlikely to be the cause. An objective assessment utilizing the Naranjo Causality Scale rates these infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions as definite adverse drug reactions.
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Rodríguez, Abimael D., Ivette C. Piña, Javier J. Soto, Dalila R. Rojas, and Charles L. Barnes. "Isolation and structures of the uprolides. I. Thirteen new cytotoxic cembranolides from the Caribbean gorgonian Euniceamammosa." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-083.
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Thirteen new cembranolide diterpenoids, uprolides 3–15, have been isolated from the Caribbean gorgonian Euniceamammosa collected off the West coast of Puerto Rico. Several known metabolites, such as eupalmerin acetate (1) and eupalmerin (2), were also isolated from the same organism. The structures of the new compounds, which also showed modest in vitro cytotoxic activity, were assigned on the basis of extensive nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, chemical correlation studies, and by comparison with analogous spectral data from known cembranolide diterpenoids. One structure (3) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Keywords: uprolides, Euniceamammosa, cytotoxicity, Caribbean, gorgonian.
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De Hoyos-Ruperto, Moraima, Cristina Pomales-García, Agnes Padovani, and O. Marcelo Suárez. "An Entrepreneurship Education Co-Curricular Program to Stimulate Entrepreneurial Mindset in Engineering Students." MRS Advances 2, no. 31-32 (2017): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.109.
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ABSTRACTThere is a need to expand the fundamental skills in science and engineering to include innovation & entrepreneurship (I&E) skills as core competencies. To better prepare the future Nanotechnology workforce, the University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Nanotechnology Center, broadened the educational content beyond traditional skills in science and engineering. The Center, offers a rich educational program for materials and nano scientists that aims to create the next generation of knowledgeable, experienced professionals, and successful entrepreneurs, who can develop value-added innovations that can spur economic growth and continue to impact the quality of life for society. Within the educational program an Entrepreneurship Education Co-Curricular Program (EEP) incorporates I&E training into the Materials Science, Nanotechnology, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) faculty and student experiences. The EEP consists of a two-year series of workshops that seek to develop an entrepreneurial mindset, including five key topics: 1) Generation of Ideas, 2) Entrepreneurial Vision, 3) Early Assessment of Ideas, 4) Identification of Opportunities, and 5) Strategic Thinking. The EEP goals, target audience, and implementation strategy, is described with an evaluation tool to assess the program’s success in developing an entrepreneurial mindset.
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Marzan-Loyola, Adriana, Federico Gregory-Gonzalez, and Carlos Micames-Caceres. "2979 Transoral Outlet Reduction With Endoscopic Suturing for Weight Regain in Gastric Bypass Patients: Preliminary Results From a Single Center in Puerto Rico." American Journal of Gastroenterology 114, no. 1 (October 2019): S1615—S1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000601448.57801.82.
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Molina Tamacas, Carmen. "Huertos en flor." Revista de Museología "Kóot", no. 5 (February 8, 2016): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/koot.v0i5.2285.
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Nueva York está entre los cuatro destinos más importantes para los inmigrantes centroamericanos desde los años 60. Cientos de miles de hombres y mujeres que dejaron la tierra que los vio nacer, ahora ven sus huertos florecer: hijos profesionales, nietos y hasta bisnietos que aportan al desarrollo de la comunidad hispana en Nueva York.De acuerdo con los censos de población estadounidense de 2000 y 2009, el estado se ubica en el tercer lugar de la migración salvadoreña, después de California y Texas; para los hondureños y guatemaltecos, es el cuarto destino predilecto. En el caso de los hondureños, después de Texas, Florida y California. Para los guatemaltecos, después de California, Florida y Texas.El flujo migratorio, especialmente del Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica (Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras), es reciente, comparado con el de otros países pioneros como Puerto Rico, de acuerdo con el estudio “US Immigration Policy and Mexican /Central American Migration Flows: Then and Now, del Migration Policy Institute y el Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars”.