Relevant bibliographies by topics / Puerto Rico – Population density

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Academic literature on the topic 'Puerto Rico – Population density'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Puerto Rico – Population density"

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Mercado-Molina, Alex E., Alfredo Montañez-Acuña, Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras, Roberto Colón-Miranda, Geraldine Díaz-Ortega, Neidibel Martínez-González, Sandra Schleier-Hernández, and Alberto M. Sabat. "Revisiting the population status of the sea urchinDiadema antillarumin northern Puerto Rico." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 5 (December 17, 2014): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541400188x.

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The mass mortality suffered by the sea urchinDiadema antillarumbetween 1983–1984 is considered one of the major causes of coral reef degradation in the Caribbean. Its near disappearance resulted in a disproportionate growth of macroalgae that has led to a ‘phase shift’ from coral-to-algal dominated reefs. The close relationship between this echinoid and the functioning of coral reef ecosystems makes it imperative to better understand the potential for recovery of its populations. From 2009 to 2011, we assessed the density and size structure ofD. antillarumin various reefs where previous population data were available. Results indicate a modest increase in density in all localities with respect to the last time they were surveyed in 2003/2004. Nevertheless, density values are still lower than values reported for the island prior to the die-off. Overall density did not surpass 1.49 ind. per m−2, and did not change considerably during the studied period. Lack of population growth coincided with a lack of juveniles; suggesting that population growth at the studied sites may be limited by the number of individuals recruiting into the juvenile stage.
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Haddock, L. "Bone mineral density study in a normal female population of Puerto Rico." Bone 29, no. 3 (September 2001): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00523-3.

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ARENDT, WAYNE J., SONG S. QIAN, and KELLI A. MINEARD. "Population decline of the Elfin-woods WarblerSetophaga angelaein eastern Puerto Rico." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 2 (April 16, 2012): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000166.

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SummaryWe estimated the population density of the globally threatened Elfin-woods WarblerSetophaga angelaewithin two forest types at different elevations in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in north-eastern Puerto Rico. Population densities ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 individuals/ha in elfin woodland and 0.06–0.26 individuals/ha inpalo coloradoforest in 2006, with average rates of decline since 1989 of 0.002–0.01 and 0.003–0.06 individuals/ha respectively. These estimates show a significant general declining trend from c.0.2 individuals/ha in 1989 in elfin woodland to c.0.02/ha in 2006, and from 1 to 0.2 inpalo coloradoforest. Although variation in estimated population density depended on the statistical method used, we document and discuss possible causes of an overall population decline from 1989 to 2006, lending support to previous initiatives to reclassify the species from the IUCN Red List category of “Vulnerable” to “Endangered”.
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Rodríguez-Barreras, Ruber, Alfredo Montañez-Acuña, Abimarie Otaño-Cruz, and Scott D. Ling. "Apparent stability of a low-density Diadema antillarum regime for Puerto Rican coral reefs." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 6 (July 17, 2018): 2193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy093.

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Abstract Caribbean reefs have suffered decline in coral cover in recent decades due to recurrent anthropogenic and natural stressors. The regional collapse of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum, combined with overfishing, has contributed to a phase-shift of coral reef communities towards fleshy macroalgal dominance. Here, we examine the population dynamics of D. antillarum at five sites in Puerto Rico from 2011 to 2016 and determine trends between the sea urchin and local benthic habitats. The sea urchin population exhibited low but stable densities (with slight, but non-significant trend of increase), yet showed variability between sites. Large urchins (>60 mm test diam.) were the most abundant across sites and through time, followed by medium urchins (41–60 mm test diam.), whereas small individuals (<40 mm) were rare, indicating recruitment-limitation. Spatial and temporal differences in benthic habitats were not related to local D. antillarum abundances. Macroalgae cover declined at all sites over the 6 years, ranging 5–86%, whereas live coral cover also decreased across all sites (ranging 4–38%). Diadema antillarum populations in Puerto Rico appear stable with limited evidence for recovery trends back to pre-mass mortality densities. Full population recovery may take longer than expected; however, evidence indicates that the contemporary low-density D. antillarum population represents a novel stable regime.
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Rodríguez-Barreras, Ruber, María E. Pérez, Alex E. Mercado-Molina, Stacey M. Williams, and Alberto M. Sabat. "Higher population densities of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum linked to wave sheltered areas in north Puerto Rico Archipelago." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 8 (June 20, 2014): 1661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000666.

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The long-spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum has been the focus of multiple studies since the mass mortality event in the 1980s. The recovery of this key herbivore in the wider Caribbean is essential for the well-being of coral reefs. This study examined the population density and structure of D. antillarum at seven northern fringing reefs of Puerto Rico between 2011 and 2013. The total mean density of the sea urchins in northern Puerto Rico was 0.9 ±0.3 ind m−2. Densities of D. antillarum significantly differed among sites, but not temporally. Differences in mean sizes were significant among sites and seasons. Areas with higher densities of D. antillarum showed lower cover of non-calcareous algae. Wave exposure was correlated with the abundance of the sea urchin. This study indicates that the observed abundance of D. antillarum has not yet returned to pre-mortality levels. However, densities showed some degree of recovery when compared with previous studies, enabling at least some degree of control on fleshy macroalgae communities. No significant changes in density occurred between 2011 and 2013, and sites with higher densities were generally located in leeward areas. The low relative abundance of small size individuals points towards recruitment limitation as an explanation for the limited recovery of D. antillarum.
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Rivera-Milán, Frank F., Carlos A. Ruiz, José A. Cruz, and José A. Sustache. "Reproduction of Plain Pigeons (Columba Inornata Wetmorei) in East-Central Puerto Rico." Auk 120, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.2.466.

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AbstractThe Puerto Rican Plain Pigeon (Columba inornata wetmorei) was listed as endangered in 1970. Transect-survey and nest-monitoring data were collected to estimate reproductive parameters and to assess effects of weather, food, predation, and habitat. We monitored 377 of 423 nests found in east-central Puerto Rico during February-September 1986-2000. The largest sampling effort was conducted in May-June 1998, and 131 nests were found along 8,460 m, resulting in a nest density (D̂) of 5.26 per hectare or 356 nesting pairs (N̂) in the surveyed area (a = 67.7 ha). Nest spatial distribution was highly clumped (b̂ = 3.2) and transect surveys were highly variable (CV = 40%). Thus, 34,000 m needed to be surveyed for a desired coefficient of variation (CV[D̂]) of 20%. Nest density varied widely during May-June 1986–2000. With a CV about the trend line of 121%, from 18 to 28 years of data would be needed to detect an increase or a decrease (r) of 5–10% in log-transformed nest density estimates through linear regression analysis (alpha = 0.15 and power = 0.80). Whereas food abundance had positive and significant relationships with nest density and number of fledglings produced, predator density had negative and significant relationships with nesting success and the number of fledglings produced. Predation accounted for 79% of nest losses (n = 183). Mayfield's estimates of nesting success averaged 40% and an average of 0.5 fledglings were produced per nesting pair. Because Plain Pigeons are able to produce fledglings from three or more broods per year and have extended nesting seasons (with a nest density peak usually occurring in May-June), we hypothesized that hatch-year and after-hatch-year survival rates of 50–65% and a yearly productivity of 1.4–2.0 fledglings per nesting pair were enough to offset mortality. Our optimism is tempered by the fact that Plain Pigeons have not been reported nesting outside east-central Puerto Rico, where rapid destruction and fragmentation of second-growth forests, catastrophic weather, food availability, nest predation, illegal hunting and poaching of nestlings may interact and cause an irreversible population decline. Managers should focus on conserving and restoring second-growth forest fragments to provide food and cover throughout the year. Additional recommendations are given based on the results of our study, which was part of a larger study of factors affecting the reproduction of columbids on Puerto Rico and its territories.
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Rivera-Milán, Frank F., and Fred C. Schaffner. "Demography of Zenaida Doves on Cayo Del Agua, Culebra, Puerto Rico." Condor 104, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.587.

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AbstractThe demography of Zenaida Doves (Zenaida aurita) was studied on Cayo del Agua, Culebra, Puerto Rico. We collected capture-recapture and reproductive success data and monitored annual changes in the density of ground nests in 1987–1993 and 2000. Models with time-specific apparent survival and constant capture rates (ϕ̂t, p̂c) and constant apparent survival and time-specific capture rates (ϕ̂c, p̂t) were equally parsimonious, with the former having 1.5 times more support from the data. Rainfall of the first six months of the year was positively related to nest density, and crab density was negatively related to nesting success and the number of doves fledged per nest. Crabs are the main predators of dove nests on Cayo del Agua. Models, parameterized with field data, were used to simulate full and reduced stochastic variation in environmental and demographic conditions, and predict annual changes in population size. High recruitment (births or births + immigrants) offset high losses (deaths + emigrants) in all instances. Our field data suggest that Zenaida Doves suffered an ecological crunch between 1989 and 1990, when weather (a hurricane followed by a drought), food availability, and nest predation interacted, lowering the number of locally fledged doves that survived the hatching year (1989–1990) and reproductive success (1990). Under severe conditions, population size and recovery mainly depended on immigration. Apparent survival returned to pre-hurricane levels between 1990 and 1991, and reproductive success was about average in 1991.Demografía de Zenaida aurita en Cayo del Agua, Culebra, Puerto RicoResumen. Estudiamos la demografía de Zenaida aurita en Cayo del Agua, Culebra, Puerto Rico. Durante 1987–1993 y 2000 colectamos datos de captura-recaptura y éxito reproductivo y seguimos los cambios anuales en la densidad de nidos localizados en el suelo. Los modelos con tasa de supervivencia aparente específica para cada período de tiempo, y tasa de captura constante (ϕ̂t, p̂c), y con tasas de supervivencia aparente constante y captura específica para cada período de tiempo (ϕ̂c, p̂t) tuvieron igual parsimonia, aunque el primer modelo fue apoyado por los datos 1.5 veces más que el segundo modelo. La lluvia de los primeros seis meses del año se relacionó positivamente con la densidad de los nidos, y la densidad de los cangrejos se relacionó negativamente con el éxito de nidificación y el número de individuos producidos por nido. Los cangrejos son los principales depredadores de los nidos de Z. aurita en Cayo del Agua. Usamos modelos, con estimados de parámetros basados en los datos de campo, para simular diferentes niveles de variación estocástica en las condiciones ambientales y demográficas, y para predecir cambios anuales en el tamaño poblacional. El reclutamiento (nacimientos o nacimientos + inmigrantes) superó a la pérdida (muertes + emigrantes) de individuos en todo momento. Nuestros datos de campo sugieren que Z. aurita sufrió un gran impacto ecológico entre 1989 y 1990, cuando las condiciones climáticas (un huracán seguido de una sequía), la disponibilidad de alimento, y la depredación de nidos interactuaron, disminuyendo el número de individuos que sobrevivieron el primer año de vida (1989–1990) y el éxito reproductivo (1990). Bajo condiciones severas, el tamaño de la población y su recuperación dependió mayormente de la inmigración. La supervivencia aparente regresó al mismo nivel que antes del huracán entre 1990 y 1991, y el éxito reproductivo se acercó a un nivel promedio en 1991.
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Bloch, Christopher P., and Michael R. Willig. "Context-dependence of long-term responses of terrestrial gastropod populations to large-scale disturbance." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002853.

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Large-scale natural disturbances, such as hurricanes, can have profound effects on animal populations. Nonetheless, generalizations about the effects of disturbance are elusive, and few studies consider long-term responses of a single population or community to multiple large-scale disturbance events. In the last 20 y, two major hurricanes (Hugo and Georges) have struck the island of Puerto Rico. Long-term population trends of 17 species of terrestrial gastropod were evaluated to determine whether gastropods respond to hurricane disturbances in a consistent fashion. Some species increased, some decreased, and some exhibited no simple trend in density or spatial variability following disturbance. In addition, some species responded differently to the two hurricanes with respect to population density, absolute spatial variability, or relative spatial variability. Population responses probably hinge on trade-offs between sensitivity to microclimatic changes and resource availability resulting from the relocation of biomass from the canopy to the forest floor. The historical context within which a hurricane occurs may be as important, or more so, than the intensity of the storm, per se.
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Fuentes, Mario, Alberto Pantoja, Antonio Sotomayor, and James Beaver. "Selección recurrente recíproca en maíz: tolerancia al ataque del gusano de la mazorca y el cogollero (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Agronomía Mesoamericana 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v9i1.24624.

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The progressive selection of yield, agronomic characteristics and quantification of damages caused by Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), were evaluated after four selection cycles on maize populations (Zea mays L., varieties Ohio S9, Ohio S10, Mayorbela and Diente de caballo, under chemical control and natural infestation conditions. The experiments were carried out at an experimental site in a tropical agriculture research station (TARS), a USDA station located in Isabela, Puerto Rico. The experimental design consisted of random entire blocks with five repetitions, and treatments were asigned according to a factorial arrangement with parcels divided at a density of 44.444 plants/ha. Significant differences were found among populations and selection cycles for yield, plant and cob height, and percentage of insect-related losses*. The highest yield was obtained from the Ohio S 10 population with 4.824 kg/ha, and 169 kg/ha - a profit of 1.2% per selection cycle. The latest selection cycles showed a greater yield and better agronomic characteristics than the initial selection cycle of each population under improvement. Losses in yield caused by S. frugiperda and H. zea oscillated between 3-21 % and 17-28%, respectively. Ohio S9 showed the greatest los s in yield caused by these insects.
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Gómez-Andújar, Nicolás X., and Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado. "Spatial benthic community analysis of shallow coral reefs to support coastal management in Culebra Island, Puerto Rico." PeerJ 8 (October 14, 2020): e10080. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10080.

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Caribbean coral reefs provide essential ecosystem services to society, including fisheries, tourism and shoreline protection from coastal erosion. However, these reefs are also exhibiting major declining trends, leading to the evolution of novel ecosystems dominated by non-reef building taxa, with potentially altered ecological functions. In the search for effective management strategies, this study characterized coral reefs in front of a touristic beach which provides economic benefits to the surrounding coastal communities yet faces increasing anthropogenic pressures and conservation challenges. Haphazard photo-transects were used to address spatial variation patterns in the reef’s benthic community structure in eight locations. Statistically significant differences were found with increasing distance from the shoreline, reef rugosity, Diadema antillarum density, among reef locations, and as a function of recreational use. Nearshore reefs reflected higher percent macroalgal cover, likely due to increased exposure from both recreational activities and nearby unsustainable land-use practices. However, nearshore reefs still support a high abundance of the endangered reef-building coral Orbicella annularis, highlighting the need to conserve these natural shoreline protectors. There is an opportunity for local stakeholders and regulatory institutions to collaboratively implement sea-urchin propagation, restoration of endangered Acroporid coral populations, and zoning of recreational densities across reefs. Our results illustrate vulnerable reef hotspots where these management interventions are needed and recommend guidelines to address them.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Puerto Rico – Population density"

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Ozen, Ozcan. "Population Dynamics of Largemouth Bass in Lucchetti Reservoir, Puerto Rico." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011230-134219.

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Juvenile largemouth bass C annually. Water level increase could be used to stimulate largemouth bass spawning in systems where water temperature is suitable. CPUE of age-1 largemouth bass was positively correlated with water levels of the previous year and negatively correlated with water level fluctuations. The effect of these hydrological variables on largemouth bass recruitment appeared to be exponential rather than linear. Age-1 largemouth bass comprise the majority of the fishable stock in Lucchetti Reservoir, and the stock is typically below carrying capacity. Thus, the potential exists to adopt a water level management plan during the spawning period of largemouth bass to ensure successful largemouth bass recruitment into the next year?s fishable stock.

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Medina, Carlos. ""The Very Insides of Nationality": Reproduction, Reform, and Birth Control as Population Control in 20th Century Puerto Rico." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1853.

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This dissertation examines the long term effects of population control initiatives brought to the U.S. commonwealth of Puerto Rico to reveal the connections between insular reform programs and the constraints placed on reproductive autonomy for Puerto Rican women in a colonial setting. The history of these interventions exposes how various interest groups including mainland reformers, the Catholic Church, Puerto Rican nationalists and socialists, and colonial intermediaries obscured the damage done to Puerto Rico through poor colonial management during the first thirty years of U.S. occupation by shifting the blame for Puerto Rico’s problems to the supposedly dangerous reproductive habits of poor and working class Puerto Rican women. In all cases, overpopulation discourse and the production of knowledge claims regarding Puerto Rican sexuality, reproduction, population control as a tool of modernization contributed heavily to these pressure groups’ appeals to legitimacy of rule over the island throughout the century. In less than fifty years the conflation of birth control practices, eugenic ideology, and population control legislation would transform Puerto Rico into a social science/contraceptive laboratory, having such a profound impact on the trajectory of birth control culture that a 1981 fertility survey showed that over one third (39%) of the island’s women were sterile. By analyzing the production of this distorted representation of insular conditions and reproduction trends in Puerto Rico during this early phase of U.S. control over the island, this dissertation explores how the convergence of modernizing reform initiatives, population control policy, social science, and overpopulation discourse contributed to the colonial domination of Puerto Rican women’s reproductive autonomy and transformed their into sites of colonial encounters despite living in a nation which denies its own colonial status and history.
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Marshall, Darren B. "Growth of Orbicella faveolata in La Parguera, Puerto Rico." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/442.

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Reef-building corals are subject to high amounts of stress, including pollution and rising sea surface temperatures due to climate change. These factors can affect the ability of corals to produce their calcium carbonate skeletons. Evaluation of the effects of climate change may be facilitated by evaluation of records of coral skeletal growth over a long period of time. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal growth of the coral Orbicella faveolata in La Parguera, Puerto Rico over a 32-year period. For this, 14 Orbicella faveolata core samples were collected from corals at two reefs (1.2 km apart) in southwestern Puerto Rico. Coral cores were used to obtain skeletal growth data. Average skeletal extension, density, and calcification was determined for subannual and annual periods, and compared between sites. Time series and growth master chronologies were constructed and compared between corals at the two reef sites. In addition, sea surface temperature (SST) data was obtained and summarized into time series, and correlated with coral growth chronologies for the 32-year period. Results showed that two Orbicella faveolata, growth parameters (extension and calcification) were similar between Turrumote and Pinnacles reefs, while density was non-significantly greater on Pinnacles Reef between 1973 and 2004. SST had a weak, and non-significant correlation to growth parameters over time.
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Noboa, Carlamarie. "Factors Influencing Alzheimer's Disease Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Puerto Rico." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5915.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with substantial healthcare utilization costs, resulting in a public health priority. In this study, the relationship between the demographic characteristics of age, gender, and type of health insurance; the presence of comorbidities of older Puerto Rican residents diagnosed with AD; and their healthcare utilization patterns (i.e., medical office and emergency room visits and hospital admissions) was examined using Andersen's behavioral model. Data from the 2013 Puerto Rico Health Study was used in this retrospective cohort design study. All AD cases aged -?¥ 60 years were extracted using systematic random sampling. One-way ANOVA-WELCH, Mann-Whitney U test, and negative binomial regressions determined if there was a relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results indicated a statistically significant relationship between age, gender, health insurance type, and presence of comorbidities factors and healthcare utilization patterns among older Puerto Ricans with AD. From the results, opportunities were identified for further research and changes in professional practices in order to initiate discussions and action plans to improve services coordination for older Puerto Ricans with AD. Findings might impact social change by inspiring modifications to the public health infrastructure. These modifications may lead to enhanced disease management support, promoted social justice, and increased resources to improve healthcare access and quality of care, and overall enhancement of health outcomes, for Puerto Ricans living with AD.
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McGuire, Raymond. "Does the invasive tree, Falcataria moluccana facilitate high population density of the invasive Puerto Rican frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui? /." University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666865381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=23658&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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"The Population History of the Caribbean: Perspectives from Ancient and Modern DNA Analysis." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.43982.

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abstract: Although the Caribbean has been continuously inhabited for the last 7,000 years, European contact in the last 500 years dramatically reshaped the cultural and genetic makeup of island populations. Several recent studies have explored the genetic diversity of Caribbean Latinos and have characterized Native American variation present within their genomes. However, the difficulty of obtaining ancient DNA from pre-contact populations and the underrepresentation of non-Latino Caribbean islanders in current research have prevented a complete understanding of genetic variation over time and space in the Caribbean basin. This dissertation uses two approaches to characterize the role of migration and admixture in the demographic history of Caribbean islanders. First, autosomal variants were genotyped in a sample of 55 Afro-Caribbeans from five islands in the Lesser Antilles: Grenada, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Trinidad, and St. Vincent. These data were used to characterize genetic structure, ancestry and signatures of selection in these populations. The results demonstrate a complex pattern of admixture since European contact, including a strong signature of sex-biased mating and inputs from at least five continental populations to the autosomal ancestry of Afro-Caribbean peoples. Second, ancient mitochondrial and nuclear DNA were obtained from 60 skeletal remains, dated between A.D. 500–1300, from three archaeological sites in Puerto Rico: Paso del Indio, Punta Candelero and Tibes. The ancient data were used to reassesses existing models for the peopling of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean and to examine the extent of genetic continuity between ancient and modern populations. Project findings support a largely South American origin for Ceramic Age Caribbean populations and identify some genetic continuity between pre and post contact islanders. The above study was aided by development and testing of extraction methods optimized for recovery of ancient DNA from tropical contexts. Overall, project findings characterize how ancient indigenous groups, European colonial regimes, the African Slave Trade and modern labor movements have shaped the genomic diversity of Caribbean islanders. In addition to its anthropological and historical importance, such knowledge is also essential for informing the identification of medically relevant genetic variation in these populations.
Dissertation/Thesis
Zipped file contains Appendices A-K. Supplemental tables, figures, protocols and spreadsheets associated with dissertation.
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2017
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Books on the topic "Puerto Rico – Population density"

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United States. Bureau of the Census. 15th census, population, 1930: Puerto Rico. Washington, D.C: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002.

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Rivera-Batiz, Francisco L. Island paradox: Puerto Rico in the 1990s. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1996.

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Souza, Blase Camacho. De Borinquen a Hawaii nuestra historia: From Puerto Rico to Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Puerto Rican Heritage Society of Hawaii, 1985.

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León, Mario A. Rodríguez. Los registros parroquiales y la microhistoria demográfica en Puerto Rico. San Juan de Puerto Rico: Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y el Caribe, 1990.

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Caribbean paleodemography: Population, culture history, and sociopolitical processes in ancient Puerto Rico. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2005.

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The myth of indigenous Caribbean extinction: Continuity and reclamation in Borikén (Puerto Rico). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Administration, United States National Archives and Records. [Index (soundex) to the population schedules of the fourteenth census of the United States, 1920 Puerto Rico]. Washington: National Archives and Records Service, 1990.

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United States. Veterans Administration. Office of Information Management and Statistics. Research Division., ed. Veteran population in the United States and Puerto Rico by age, sex, and period of service: 1970 to 1985. Washington, D.C: Office of Information Management and Statistics, Statistical Policy and Research Service, Research Division, 1986.

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Cósimi, Julio Damiani. Estratificación social, esclavos y naborías en el Puerto Rico minero del siglo XVI: La información de Francisco Manuel de Lando : ensayo de cuantificación y transcripción paleográfica. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Departamento de Historia, Centro de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. Subcommittee on Census and Population. Census Bureau plans for conducting census in territories and outlying areas: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Census and Population of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, July 5 and 6, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Puerto Rico – Population density"

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Palinkas, Lawrence A. "Hurricane Maria and Puerto Rico." In Global Climate Change, Population Displacement, and Public Health, 35–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41890-8_3.

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Downer, Brian, Michael Crowe, and Kyriakos S. Markides. "Population Aging and Health in Puerto Rico." In Contextualizing Health and Aging in the Americas, 7–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00584-9_1.

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Curtis, Katherine J. "Economic Transition and Social Inequality in Early Twentieth Century Puerto Rico." In Navigating Time and Space in Population Studies, 217–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0068-0_9.

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McCormick, J. Frank. "A Review of the Population Dynamics of Selected Tree Species in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico." In Ecological Studies, 224–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2498-3_9.

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"Puerto Rico." In World Population Prospects, 609–12. UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/fde00d16-en.

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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by Thomas J. Kwak, Augustin C. Engman, Jesse R. Fischer, and Craig G. Lilyestrom. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch20.

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<em>Abstract.</em> —Freshwater tropical island environments support a variety of fishes that provide cultural, economic, and ecological services for humans but receive limited scientific, conservation, and public attention. Puerto Rico is a Caribbean tropical island that may serve as a model to illustrate the interactions between humans and natural resources in such complex ecosystems. The native freshwater fish assemblage of Puerto Rico is distinct from mainland assemblages in that the assemblage is not diverse, all species are diadromous, and they may be exploited at multiple life stages (e.g., postlarva, juvenile, adult). Primary large-scale drivers of recent water-use policy include economic growth, human population density, and urbanization, with climate change as an overarching influence. Watershed and riparian land use, water quality, river flow and instream physical habitat, river habitat connectivity, exotic species, and aquatic resource exploitation are important proximate factors affecting the ecosystem and fisheries. Research on ecological processes and components of the stream and river fish assemblages has expanded the knowledge base in the past decade with the goal of providing critical information for guiding the conservation and management of the lotic resource to optimize ecosystem function and services. The greatest challenge facing Caribbean island society is developing policies that balance the needs for human water use and associated activities with maintaining aquatic biodiversity, ecological integrity and services, and sustainable fisheries. Achieving this goal will require broad cooperation and sustained commitment among public officials, agency administrators, biologists, and the public toward effective resource management.
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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by Thomas J. Kwak, Augustin C. Engman, Jesse R. Fischer, and Craig G. Lilyestrom. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch20.

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Abstract:
<em>Abstract.</em> —Freshwater tropical island environments support a variety of fishes that provide cultural, economic, and ecological services for humans but receive limited scientific, conservation, and public attention. Puerto Rico is a Caribbean tropical island that may serve as a model to illustrate the interactions between humans and natural resources in such complex ecosystems. The native freshwater fish assemblage of Puerto Rico is distinct from mainland assemblages in that the assemblage is not diverse, all species are diadromous, and they may be exploited at multiple life stages (e.g., postlarva, juvenile, adult). Primary large-scale drivers of recent water-use policy include economic growth, human population density, and urbanization, with climate change as an overarching influence. Watershed and riparian land use, water quality, river flow and instream physical habitat, river habitat connectivity, exotic species, and aquatic resource exploitation are important proximate factors affecting the ecosystem and fisheries. Research on ecological processes and components of the stream and river fish assemblages has expanded the knowledge base in the past decade with the goal of providing critical information for guiding the conservation and management of the lotic resource to optimize ecosystem function and services. The greatest challenge facing Caribbean island society is developing policies that balance the needs for human water use and associated activities with maintaining aquatic biodiversity, ecological integrity and services, and sustainable fisheries. Achieving this goal will require broad cooperation and sustained commitment among public officials, agency administrators, biologists, and the public toward effective resource management.
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"Puerto Rico." In World Population Prospects 2019 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles, 930–34. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a9185ea6-en.

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"Puerto Rico." In World Population Prospects 2017 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles, 613–16. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210001021c183.

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"Puerto Rico." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 753–56. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/2a912c79-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "Puerto Rico – Population density"

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Megh R Goyal. "World Population and Our Response to Sustainable Agriculture: 2107 A.D." In Puerto Rico Section. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26312.

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Kuziez, Mohamed S., Ana Finch, Jose Rodriguez, and Emilio Baez. "PDA in Southern Puerto Rico. Rate, Treatment, and Outcomes, of PDA in Patients Admitted to Level IV Referral NICU covering the Southern Population of Puerto Rico." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.362.

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Meerow, Alan W., Javier Francisco-Ortega, Tomás Ayala-Silva, Dennis Wm Stevenson, and Kyoko Nakamura. "Population Genetics of Zamia in Puerto Rico, a Study with Ten SSR Loci." In CYCAD 2008. The New York Botanical Garden Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21135/893275150.015.

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Montes-Rodriguez, Ingrid M., Carlos R. Torres-Cintron, Marievelisse Soto-Salgado, Erick Suarez, Joel Rivera-Concepcion, Carmen L. Cadilla, and Luis A. Clavell. "Abstract 4198: Epidemiological and molecular analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the pediatric population of Puerto Rico." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-4198.

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Montes-Rodriguez, Ingrid M., Carlos R. Torres-Cintron, Marievelisse Soto-Salgado, Erick Suarez, Joel Rivera-Concepcion, Carmen L. Cadilla, and Luis A. Clavell. "Abstract 4198: Epidemiological and molecular analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the pediatric population of Puerto Rico." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4198.

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Ramos, Francisco, Axel Ramos, Eida Castro, and Julio Jimenez. "Abstract A65: Identifying perceptions of cancer prevention education needs and outreach strategies among young population in Puerto Rico." In Abstracts: Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 25-28, 2016; Fort Lauderdale, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp16-a65.

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Reports on the topic "Puerto Rico – Population density"

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Gould, William A., Sebastian Martinuzzi, and Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez. High and low density development in Puerto Rico. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-rmap-11.

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Fishery population and habitat assessment in Puerto Rico streams: phase 2 final report. US Geological Survey, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/70154939.

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