Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Puertorriquen os'

<p>Recognizing the importance of reflection about teaching as a fundamental activity to promote faculty development, the present research was conducted to: 1) explore the practices of instructional reflection of four undergraduate level professors at the University of Puerto Rico (UPR), 2) understand how these practices influence their teaching and professional development, and 3) analyze their reflective practices based on traditional theories of reflection, namely Dewey's Reflective Theory, the Critical Thinking Movement, Schon's Reflective Practitioner Model, Critical Pedagogy, and Mezirow's Transformative Learning. A qualitative, multiple-case study was designed for this study, with interviews and observation of classes. Collected data were transcribed, categorized and coded; findings were presented in narrative form. Among the results stands out that professors critically examine their teaching practices through: 1) dialogue with colleagues and students, 2) reading of various types of materials, 3) writing about their teaching, 4) peer class observation, and 5) analyzing course evaluations and program assessment results. From their testimonies it also follows that reflection influences their teaching and professional development because they: 1) privilege questioning and critical dialogue as instructional strategies par excellence, 2) democratize their classrooms, 3) continuously update their courses, 4) experiment with new assessment strategies; 5) promote active learning and 6) create new courses. Classical theories of reflection converge in the professors' reflectivity. In addition, they integrate elements from other theoretical perspectives?e.g. feminism, Queer Theory, postmodernism, general education, and inter and transdisciplinarity? with which they enhance and reinvigorate their instructional reflection. Of potential interest for university academic leaders was the finding that, in general, participating professors understand that their reflective practices occur in spite of, and not supported by, the university administration, which they perceive as disconnected from the real needs of teachers and students.

This thesis, written in the Spanish language, merges historical documents, literature, and interviews in the form of a creative story that explores the Puerto Rican identity through the lens of one family. Cuca, the main character, is an allegory of the island’s current and historical state of “in-betweenness”. As a former Spanish colony, then U.S. territory, and now a U.S. commonwealth, the island has incorporated elements from each imperial regime, though never fully being a part of any. The story begins in 2008 and centers first on Cuca, and then her granddaughter who struggles to understand her own identity as both an American and a Puerto Rican. The story then goes back in time to 1930, the year in which the Puerto Rican government legalized divorce. After Cuca’s mother divorces her Spanish father, and then marries an American, Cuca comes to have two paternal figures much like Puerto Rican has had: one Spanish and one American. Taking place between 1930 and 1942, the story focuses on the island’s evolving identity between the Great Depression years and the beginning of Operation Bootstrap, the latter which sought to modernize the island and to increase tourism. The thesis raises the complexities of being Puerto Rican, but also more generally the complexities of all those who feel caught between cultures and identities.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.<br>Advisor: Dr. Maria Paz Moreno. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed June 29, 2010). Keywords: Puerto Rico; Identity; Food; Cultural Studies; Feminism; Post-Colonialism; Cookbook. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

<p> This research is on the ways Puerto Rican women fought for their reproductive justice. It covers the years 1930 through to the 1980s on the island of Puerto Rico and the city of New York. The fight was not always won in the streets or in the courts but also through everyday struggles to survive. There were multiple forms of resistance used in order to fight for control of their own bodies and for the lives of their children. Reproductive justice is not limited to the right to have or not have children but also the ability to exercise choice and freedom over the children you have, over your own body and sexuality. The resistance led by these women was in all the ways they fought against oppressive forces which limited their ability to exercise reproductive freedom. The research was conducted through archival records, secondary sources and an interview conducted with my mother to learn the stories of the women in my own family and how they reflect the history I had researched. Puerto Rican women dealt with overcoming a high rate of sterilization, migration to the United States where they were met with racism and hostility and the ability to rise up and organize to demonstrate their voices as a collective. None of this could have been gained without the drive to survive.</p><p>

ABSTRACT Throughout the decades, poetry has served as a literary vehicle to express and emphasize the emotions of a person. It has provided the substantial drive for the developed and the structure of individuals dedicated to a cause. This is the case of the Puerto Rican poet Luis Pal&eacute;s Matos, a man that used this method to make known the racial differences he found in his country and to clear a way for the Island's independence. Pal&eacute;s Matos dedications have made him one of Puerto Rico most significant poets. His is the first poet in the Spanish language to dedicate part of his work to the black society. The following pages will question the purpose of his black poetry, "poes&iacute;a negroide", and underline the civic and patriotic meaning behind it. Even thought critics look for a way to ensure that Pal&eacute;s Matos's intentions only reflect his devotions and affections towards the black people, it is necessary to mentions that his verses were caring a different agenda. It is not the exaltation of a race, but the importance of it in the structure of the Puerto Rican culture. A section of the Island's populations that was been keep indifferent to the rest of the people until he made the rest of the Island aware of its existent. Significant poems in his career will ratify this sentiment and conduct the reader to the center of the poet's social and political view.<br>M.A.<br>Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures<br>Arts and Sciences<br>Spanish

<p> El prop&oacute;sito general del estudio fue investigar si difieren significativamente los perfiles cognitivos de adultos puertorrique&ntilde;os con y sin s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n. Esta investigaci&oacute;n fue de naturaleza cuantitativa, y se utiliz&oacute; un dise&ntilde;o transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 229 adultos puertorrique&ntilde;os (62% mujeres) de la comunidad mayores de 50 a&ntilde;os (M = 63.07, DE = 9.34). La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos, adultos sin s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n (n = 175) y adultos con s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n (n = 54). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en el estado cognitivo general (ECG) de los grupos con y sin s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n, t(227) = 3.46, p = .001, d = 0.22, 95% IC [0.97, 3.54]; siendo el ECG del grupo con s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n significativamente menor. Al explorar diferencias entre los grupos por funciones cognitivas, se observ&oacute; que el grupo con s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n present&oacute; un desempe&ntilde;o cognitivo significativamente m&aacute;s bajo que el grupo sin s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n en las funciones: atenci&oacute;n, concentraci&oacute;n y memoria de trabajo, t(227) = 3.23, p &lt; .01, d = 0.21, 95% IC [0.29, 1.20], funciones ejecutivas, t(76.84) = 2.52, p &lt; .05, d = 0.28, 95% IC [0.10, 0.86], y lenguaje, t(227) = 2.92, p &lt; .01, d = 0.19, 95% IC [0.18, 0.91]. Al realizar an&aacute;lisis de regresi&oacute;n lineal m&uacute;ltiple para evaluar si las variables edad, sexo, escolaridad y s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n permiten explicar la variabilidad en el ECG de la muestra total, se observ&oacute; que la variable sexo no aport&oacute; de forma significativa. Dejando la variable sexo fuera del modelo, se observ&oacute; que las variables edad, escolaridad y s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n permitieron explicar el 38.9% de la varianza en el ECG de la muestra. Se concluy&oacute; que los d&eacute;ficits cognitivos en adultos puertorrique&ntilde;os con s&iacute;ntomas de depresi&oacute;n se caracterizan por bajo funcionamiento del ECG y de las funciones atencionales, ejecutivas y de lenguaje. Para un tratamiento eficaz de la depresi&oacute;n y/o el deterioro cognitivo, es clave un diagn&oacute;stico diferencial. Finalmente, se recomienda el desarrollo de programas de pol&iacute;tica p&uacute;blica, as&iacute; como m&aacute;s investigaciones en la isla sobre la relaci&oacute;n depresi&oacute;n y deterioro cognitivo.</p><p>

This dissertation analyzes the representation of sugar plantation societies in nineteenth and twentieth century Puerto Rican literature. Using an interdisciplinary approach, I study the socio-historical, political, and economic development of the sugarcane industry in Puerto Rico as represented in the literary works of Manuel Zeno Gandía, Enrique A. Laguerre, René Marqués, and Rosario Ferré. Scholars have tended to examine their works separately; however, I study how these writers from different literary generations develop a cohesive literary project, reshuffling the periodization of Puerto Rican literature by their focus on the sugar industry. Consequently, the literary works intersect with each other to provide a complete picture of the evolution and decline of the sugar plantation and its effects on the social imaginary of Puerto Rico. I use this term to mean both social practices of Puerto Rican society as well as its class stratification and political struggles. My theoretical approach is based on Antonio Benítez Rojo, "The Repeating Island: The Caribbean and the Postmodern Perspective" (1992), where the sugar plantation is defined as the principal unifying entity across the Caribbean, repeated continuously through time and space. I also rely on socio-historiographical approaches developed by Ramiro Guerra, Francisco Scarano, and Ángel Quintero Rivera, whose analyses of the sugar cane industry in the Caribbean shed light on class conflicts, primarily between the sugar oligarchy and factory workers. This dissertation suggests a homology between the socioeconomic structure of the sugar plantation and the Puerto Rican literary canon. I conclude that Puerto Rican writers have recoded the imaginary of the plantation in response to political events and economic shifts within the sugar industry. While Manuel Zeno Gandía and René Marqués promote and redefine its value system, other writers, such as Enrique A. Laguerre and Rosario Ferré, have transgressed the hacienda system to articulate the voice of those communities marginalized by the sugar plantation.

<p> Aun cuando la pr&aacute;ctica de jugar videojuegos ha ido en aumento en los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os no exist&iacute;a, hasta este momento en Puerto Rico, informaci&oacute;n sobre cu&aacute;nto tiempo invierten los/as videojugadores/as en jugar, con cuanta frecuencia juegan, que tipo de juegos prefieren as&iacute; como las pr&aacute;cticas sociales relacionadas al uso de este tipo de tecnolog&iacute;a. Los objetivos principales de este trabajo fueron obtener informaci&oacute;n sobre las pr&aacute;cticas, preferencias y h&aacute;bitos de los/as videojugadores/as en Puerto Rico y examinar si en Puerto Rico los/as videojugadores/as sienten que forman parte de una subcultura social. Como parte de este &uacute;ltimo objetivo revisamos el concepto de tribu esbozado por el soci&oacute;logo Michele Maffesoli as&iacute; como los conceptos de campo y <i>habitus,</i> elaborados por el tambi&eacute;n soci&oacute;logo Pierre Bourdieu. Seg&uacute;n Maffesoli (2004), las tribus, en t&eacute;rminos contempor&aacute;neos, son aquellos microgrupos que han ido emergiendo en todos los campos de la sociedad, cuya finalidad es simplemente ofrecer la posibilidad de compartir. De igual forma, siguiendo a Bourdieu (2005), nos interesa establecer a los videojuegos como un campo social, se&ntilde;alando las pr&aacute;cticas (<i>habitus</i>) que se producen al interior de este campo, contribuyendo a constituirlo y exponer cu&aacute;les son las imposiciones a los/as videojugadores/as para que puedan considerar que forman parte de este campo social. Para cumplir con nuestros objetivos, utilizamos un marco metodol&oacute;gico mixto, el cual cont&oacute; con tres t&eacute;cnicas de recolecci&oacute;n de datos: observaciones etnogr&aacute;ficas, encuesta en l&iacute;nea y entrevistas semi estruturadas. Al triangular la informaci&oacute;n recopilada pudimos establecer que el/la video jugador/a t&iacute;pico/a puertorrique&ntilde;o/a tiene una edad promedio de 33 a&ntilde;os y comenz&oacute; a jugar alrededor de los 6-10 a&ntilde;os (46%), se considera a s&iacute; mismo como un/a jugador/a regular de videojuegos (40.8%), prefiere jugar con personas conectadas en l&iacute;nea (50.1%), particularmente con sus amistades (29.9 %), y asiste a eventos relacionados a los videojuegos, como por ejemplo las ventas de medianoche (28.9%) y los torneos de videojuegos (17.6%). Estos dos &uacute;ltimos escenarios se&ntilde;alados, forman parte de un complejo campo social en el que los/as jugadores/as encuentran un espacio de aceptaci&oacute;n en el cual logran establecer una cohesi&oacute;n social que les permite constituirse como una comunidad.</p>

La novela Yo-yo Boing! de Giannina Braschi intenta subrayar textualmente a través de varias mezclas entre géneros literarios, idiomas, y sujetos, la hibridez cultural vivida en los Estados Unidos por los inmigrantes, especialmente los latinoamericanos y los puertorriqueños. En la novela, se presenta el espacio de “entremedio” y el sujeto que lo habita, viviendo fuera de su país natal y hablando Spanglish. El texto crea un sujeto fragmentado, característica de la teoría postmoderna de la identidad y del nomadismo. Con un lenguaje intelectual que intenta trasladar un fenómeno oral a la palabra escrita, Braschi provoca en el lector este mismo sentido de estar fuera del lugar y desplazado. A través de los diálogos en la novela, se autocuestiona sobre su propia posición en el espacio del “entremedio” y termina produciendo y ubicando a un sujeto fragmentado en este tercer espacio. Su intento de negociación -a partir de esta posición- culmina en una provocación sin conclusión definitiva.

<p> Puerto Rican English teachers are included in a difficult recruitment category because a shortage amount of them reached a university degree in this area every year. The primary purpose of this qualitative, multiple case study was to explore how Elementary English teachers perceived their first experience as professional versus the knowledge they acquired in their bachelor's degree. Likewise, this study tried to identify those college courses that made easier their first experience of teaching at the Department of Education of Puerto Rico and how the universities reduce the dilemma of transition between the theory and practice in these professionals. Five new English teachers recruited in Puerto Rico's public schools with an experience of less than three years in this area participated in this research. Data were collected through two independent semi structured interviews, a review of documents related to school and universities, and the investigator field notes. Analysis of the data suggested that both, Puerto Rico's universities and the Department of Education need to keep up the most effective communication in order to bring these professionals the skills and knowledge they need to master as Elementary English teachers in public schools in Puerto Rico as well as they feel reliable during their transition between formal studies and job experience, and decide to keep their profession.</p>

Juan Francisco Acosta (1890-1968) was a prolific composer, band conductor, and educator from Puerto Rico who created 1,256 original compositions. Even though his activities and influence were integral to the musical life of Puerto Rico in the twentieth century, many details of his life and works remain unknown. This project centers on Acosta’s contribution to the Puerto Rican tradition of the danza—a dance-based genre originating in the nineteenth century—through the study and arrangement of five of Acosta's danzas. Although Acosta composed most danzas for piano, he adapted them for performances by the municipal bands that he led in various towns. This practice of modifying his works for different instruments, as well as the importance of the guitar in Latin America, underpins the author’s choice to arrange his piano music for varied types of guitar combinations, including solo, duo, trio, and quartet. The five works are Bajo la sombra de un pino, Mercedes, Eres una santa, Dulce María, and In memoriam. The guitar arrangements of these five danzas are preceded by important information on the composer within the Puerto Rican music world, with emphasis on the intersections of the band and danza traditions. To enhance the study of these works, this document discusses basic stylistic features, including a comparison of forms, rhythms, and dance characters, and relates Acosta's treatment of the danza puertorriqueña to approaches of his Puerto Rican contemporaries. This document also includes performance guidelines to introduce Acosta's danza style to student and professional players. Based on primary biographical and musical sources, this study presents a foundation for a clearer understanding of the life and works of Acosta upon which further research, analysis, and criticism can be conducted. The arrangements offer a fresh look at new guitar repertoire using the peculiarities of rhythms and traditions of Puerto Rican and Carribean heritage. The arrangements also serve a pedagogical purpose by adding to the existing repertoire of ensemble music for the classical guitar.

La literatura de Manuel Abreu Adorno representa un quiebre respecto al uso de las metáforas de identidad nacional, de las cuales se habría apropiado la literatura del canon puertorriqueño. A lo largo de su obra literaria observamos cómo las relaciones entre el individuo y una identidad estable pierden el papel protagónico que le habría otorgado la literatura nacional. Mientras la literatura nacional se preocupa por una definición homogénea de la identidad, la literatura posnacional se centra en plantear construcciones identitarias más apropiadas ante los cambios que ha producido la globalización en el mundo contemporáneo. En esta tesis estudiaremos cómo se lleva a cabo esta ruptura en la obra de Abreu Adorno y de qué formas las teorías de literatura posnacional se convierten en un espacio de reflexión para obtener una interpretación más amplia de su proyecto literario.<br>Manuel Abreu Adorno's literature represents a change in the use of the national identity metaphors, of which would have appropriated the Puerto Rican literary classics in the past decades. As proof, within his writings we see various characters who are not anchored to any specific territory. Because of this, the search for a homogeneous identity looses the prominence that has in national literature. Instead, post national literature, a phenomenon that emerged in the late XIX and early XX centuries, presents identity constructions related with the changes resulting from globalization in the contemporary world. In this article we will study how post national tradition establishes a dialogue with the work of Abreu Adorno and in what ways it becomes a reflection space for a broad interpretation of his literary project.

Drawing upon Critical Race and racialization theories, this dissertation aims at providing a different approach to “The New Puerto Rican Bomba Movement”. Bomba is a musical genre of African roots developed in Puerto Rico upon the arrival of African populations during the slave trade in the sixteenth century. In the last two decades, a proliferation of Bomba groups and schools performing and teaching this peculiar rhythm has taken place. Through the study of Bomba, I seek to contribute to the understanding of racial dynamics in Puerto Rico, and their intersectionalities with class, gender, and national discourses. Through extended participant observation of Bomba performances, unstructured and structured interviews with Bomba musicians, teachers, and scholars and archival research, my purpose is to question and explore constructions of race in Puerto Rican music, and show how processes of racialization operate both socially and politically in the island. In this sense, Bomba will allow me to analyze how Puerto Rican national identity has been constructed in recent years, which elements have been adopted as a national heritage and which have been forgotten or rejected. At the same time, it will shed light on how national discourse aligns or deviates from current social conditions and racial relationships. Through the case study of “The New Puerto Rican Bomba Movement”, I attempt to unravel two interrelated paradoxes: (1) despite hegemonic discourses on Puerto Rican nationalism, which portray the Puerto Rican subject as mixed race, most Puerto Ricans self-identify racially as white or Black. (2) Based on the assumption of a racially mixed national subject, Puerto Rico reaffirms itself as a racial democracy, “The great Puerto Rican family”. This discourse contrasts with daily speeches and practices that emphasize racial exclusions and inequalities. Paradoxically, despite the fact that Puerto Ricans are considered a racially mixed nation, in the 2000 Census, 80.5 % self identified as white, whereas 8 % chose to identify as Black. A decade later, the results of the 2010 Census showed that 12.4 % of the population identified as Black and 75.8 % as white.<br>text

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2008.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 12, 2009) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Vargas, Margarita Includes bibliographical references.

In this study we examine the development of the female poetic voice in the Puerto Rican context. Taking from the theoretical frameworks of Cultural Studies, Feminist Studies and New Historicism we re-read the political, cultural and literary history of Puerto Rico and its relation to the construction of the representations of Woman in texts written by women as well as those by men. In the first chapter we analyze the weight of gender and history in the elaboration of general discourse. We point out how all texts speak from a particular gendered perspective and respond to a historically determined moment which requires critical analysis that takes into consideration these contextual phenomena. From here we begin to re-examine the development of the female poetic creation from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1930s. We study the change of sovereignty and the political, social and cultural impact that this had on the literature of Puerto Rico. Mainly, we look into the gestation of a political-literary discourse created by Puerto Rican intellectuals, who were at the same time, responsible for the political and cultural events of the island. The second chapter explores the creation of a new political project for Puerto Rico which begins in 1940s and culminates with the Commonwealth. In addition, we review the political projects of the Commonwealth which required the active participation of literature since it was through literature that a cultural nationalism would be built, a nationalism that would compensate for the lack of an independent political state. Concluding this second chapter, we re-examine the decades of the sixties and seventies, viewing them as a period of change and of social and political struggle. We study the gradual separation of the literary and political spaces, which allowed a more transgressive discourse as well as a more authentic female voice. The third chapter is a critical analysis of the female poetic voice through the twentieth century. Among the selected poets are: Clara Lair, Haydee Ramirez de Arellano, Marigloria Palma, Angelamaria Davila, Olga Nolla, Manuel Ramos Otero and Mayra Santos Febres.

[ES] RESUMEN Una cultura en llamas: arte puertorriqueño de resistencia en el siglo xxi es una investigación cuyo objeto tiene su origen siglos atrás, dado que analiza las circunstancias geopolíticas de la isla de Puerto Rico en el marco de dos imperios diferentes: el de España a partir del siglo xv y el de los Estados Unidos desde el xix. Este recorrido histórico retrata el sustrato ideológico puertorriqueño, y sienta las bases de la experiencia de subyugación política, militar y social de ese país. La investigación también escudriña y considera una serie de teorías, pensamientos filosóficos y mecanismos de control social que ilustran, desde una perspectiva actual, los problemas existentes con el coloniaje y el patriarcado. Esta tesis aporta nuevos conocimientos, principalmente mediante la reseña y el análisis en profundidad de la producción de un puñado selecto de artistas contemporáneos de Puerto Rico, quienes, a través de la creación de su obra en los años 2000-2018, canalizan contestaciones y soluciones de vanguardia contra el malestar existencial de la psiquis colectiva del país. El arte, ya como afirmación de identidad ya como gesto de resistencia abierta, hace frente de modo inequívoco a dichos sistemas de poder, lo cual se ve reflejado a lo largo de la historia puertorriqueña en el arte y la cultura, desde tiempos precolombinos hasta la contemporaneidad del siglo XXI.<br>[CAT] RESUM Una cultura en llamas: arte puertorriqueño de resistencia en el siglo xxi és una investigació l'objecte de la qual té l'origen segles arrere, atès que analitza les circumstàncies geopolítiques de l'illa de Puerto Rico en el marc de dos imperis diferents: el d'Espanya a partir del segle xv i el dels Estats Units des del xix. Aquest recorregut històric retrata el substrat ideològic porto-riqueny, i posa les bases de l'experiència de subjugació política, militar i social d'aquell país. La investigació també escodrinya i considera una sèrie de teories, pensaments filosòfics i mecanismes de control social que il·lustren, des d'una perspectiva actual, els problemes que plantegen el colonialisme i el patriarcat. Aquesta tesi aporta nous coneixements, sobretot mitjançant la ressenya i l'anàlisi en profunditat de la producció d'un grapat selecte d'artistes contemporanis de Puerto Rico que, a través de la creació de la seua obra els anys 2000-2018, canalitzen contestacions i solucions d'avantguarda contra el malestar existencial de la psique col·lectiva del país. L'art, siga com a afirmació d'identitat o com a gest de resistència oberta, fa front de manera inequívoca a aquests sistemes de poder, la qual cosa es veu reflectida al llarg de la història porto-riquenya en l'art i la cultura, des dels temps precolombins fins a la contemporaneïtat del segle XXI.<br>[EN] SUMMARY A Culture in Flames: Puerto Rican Art of Resistance in the XXI Century, is an investigation with its origins during past centuries, analysing the circumstances of the geo- politics in the Island of Puerto Rico, stemming from two empires, Spain in the XV Century and the United States in the XIX Century. This historic journey, portrays a Puerto Rican ideological substrate, one that establishes the basis of a multi sectorial experience of political, military and social subjugation. This investigation also scrutinises and reflects upon a series of theories, philosophical thoughts and social control mechanisms, all of which illustrate, from a current day perspective, the existing problems with colonialism and patriarchy. This thesis contributes new knowledge, mainly with the reviewing and in depth analysis of the production of a select group of contemporary artists in Puerto Rico, whom through their creative artworks, between the years of 2000-2018, channel answers and solutions of vanguard, against the existential discomfort of the collective psyche of their Country. Art, as an affirmation of identity, as well as a gesture of open resistance, makes an unequivocal front against said systems of power, all of which are reflected throughout their history, art and culture, from pre Colombian up to the contemporary times of the XXI Century.<br>Rivera Toro Iv, Q. (2019). Una cultura en llamas: arte puertorriqueño de resistencia en el siglo XXI [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/135255<br>TESIS

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: A, page: 4190. Adviser: Dara Goldman. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-138) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Tese de doutoramento em Direito, Justiça e Cidadania no Século XXI apresentadas à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra<br>Esta tese aborda o papel central do direito no conflito colonial portorriquenho num período de 114 anos, a partir de 1898, início do domínio colonial dos Estados Unidos em Porto Rico, até 2012, ano em que se levou a cabo a investigação empírica em que se baseia esta tese. Entende-se por “conflito colonial” a confrontação direta ou indireta entre: os Estados Unidos da América enquanto agente colonizador; o governo de Porto Rico e as organizações de extrema direita enquanto agentes intermediários do colonialismo; e os movimentos anticoloniais portorriquenhos. Na história deste conflito colonial o direito tem servido como uma espécie “zona de contacto” entre os atores em conflito. Daí argumentar-se que o direito foi utilizado, na primeira instância, como dispositivo de poder colonial pelos Estados Unidos. Em particular argumenta-se que os Estados Unidos impuseram em Porto Rico um estado de exceção ontopolítico com o qual legitimaram o domínio colonial e as sua ações repressivas e criminalizadoras contra os movimentos anticoloniais. Na segunda instância, argumenta-se que o governo de Porto Rico, criado e apoiado pelos Estados Unidos, utilizou as leis de exceção e a violência do estado para garantir a continuidade do status colonial de Porto Rico. Na terceira instância, argumenta-se que os movimentos anticoloniais utilizaram diversas estratégias jurídico-políticas para resistir o colonialismo estado-unidense e o estado de exceção ontopolítico. De entre as estratégias analisadas na tese destacam-se: a luta armada; as mobilizações jurídicas no âmbito dos sistemas jurídicos internacional, estado-unidense e portorriquenho; a participação eleitoral; o ativismo anticolonial e a solidariedade com outras mobilizações sociopolíticas portorriquenhas e internacionais; e a articulação de um discurso contra-hegemónico oposto ao discurso jurídico-colonial estado-unidense em Porto Rico. Este estudo se baseia numa leitura histórico-genealógica dos 114 anos do conflito colonial e é dividido em três partes: a primeira parte expõe de forma detalhada as literaturas, teorias e metodologias que deram forma e serviram de ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento desta investigação; a segunda parte examina em profundidade o poder colonial e os dispositivos jurídico-políticos implementados pelos Estados Unidos na constituição legal e na legitimação do colonialismo, assim como nos processos de repressão e criminalização dos movimentos anticoloniais; a terceira parte descreve e analisa os processos de lutas de oposição e confrontação tanto jurídica como extrajurídica protagonizados pelos movimentos anticoloniais. Em conclusão, esta análise histórica mostra que o uso do direito tem sido parte de uma tentativa concreta para despolitizar a política anticolonial portorriquenha. Nesse sentido, a tese apresenta uma reinterpretação histórica e político-jurídica do poder colonial e da política portorriquenha, procurando lançar luz sobre novas estratégias para a repolitização e a emancipação da política anticolonial portorriquenha.<br>This thesis exposes the central role of law in the Puerto Rican colonial conflict in a period of 114 years, from 1898 in which the Untited Sates of America colonial rule began in Puerto Rico, until 2012, when the empirical research that underpins this thesis was concluded. This thesis defined colonial conflict as the direct or indirect confrontation involving: United States as a colonial actor; the Puerto Rican government and far-right organizations as intermediary colonial actors; and Puerto Rican anticolonial movements. In this history of colonial conflict, law has served as a contact zone between the actors in conflict. Hence, in the first instance, it is argued that United States imposed in Puerto Rico an ontopolitical state of exception which legitimized their colonial domination and their employment of repressive and criminalization strategies against anticolonial movements. In second instance, it is argued that Puerto Rican government, created and sponsored by United Stated, used exceptional laws and state violence against the anticolonial movements to ensure the continuance of Puerto Rico’s colonial status. In third instance, it is argued that the anticolonial movements used various legal and political strategies to resist the American colonialism and the ontopolitical state of exception. Key instance of the latter’s strategies are analyzed: the armed struggle; the legal mobilization of the international, American and Puerto Rican legal systems; the mobilization of particular forms of electoral participation; mobilization and solidarity with other Puerto Ricans and international sociopolitical mobilizations; and the articulation of a counter-hegemonic discourse to challenge American colonial legal discourses. This study is based on a historic-genealogical analysis of the 114 years of colonial conflict, and is divided into three general parts: the first part presents the literatures, theories and methodologies that shaped and/or served as departure point for the development of this research; the second part explores in depth both how the legal-political devices implemented by the United States in the legal constitution, and the processes of repression and criminalization of anticolonial movements, supported and legitimized colonial power; the third part depicts anticolonial movements’ use of confrontation inside and outside the law in strategies of resistance. This historical analysis concludes that the use of the law has been part of a concerted attempt to depoliticize Puerto Rican politics. Hence, the thesis presents a re-interpretation of colonial power and politics in Puerto Rico in order to contemplate the prospects for a repoliticization and emancipation of the Puerto Rican politics of law and colonial violence.<br>Esta tesis expone el papel central del derecho en el conflicto colonial puertorriqueño durante el período de 114 años, desde 1898, año en el que inició el dominio colonial de los Estados Unidos de América en Puerto Rico, hasta el 2012, año en el que se concluyó la investigación empírica en la que se basa esta tesis. En esta tesis se entiende el conflicto colonial como la confrontación directa o indirecta entre: los Estados Unidos en tanto que agente colonizador; el gobierno de Puerto Rico y las organizaciones de extrema derecha en tanto que agentes intermediarios del colonialismo; y, los movimientos anticoloniales puertorriqueños. En la historia de este conflicto colonial, el derecho cumplió una suerte de zona de contacto entre los actores en conflicto. De ahí, que se argumente que el derecho fue utilizado, en primera instancia, como dispositivo de poder colonial por los Estados Unidos. En particular, se plantea que los Estados Unidos impuso en Puerto Rico un estado de excepción ontopolítico con el cual legitimó el dominio colonial y sus acciones represivas y criminalizadoras contra los movimientos anticoloniales. En segunda instancia, se argumenta que el gobierno de Puerto Rico, creado y auspiciado por los Estados Unidos, utilizó las leyes de excepción y la violencia de estado para garantizar la pervivencia del estatus colonial de Puerto Rico. En tercera instancia, se señala que los movimientos anticoloniales utilizaron diversas estrategias jurídico-políticas para resistir el colonialismo estadounidense y el estado de excepción ontopolítico. Entre las estrategias analizadas en esta tesis se destacan: la lucha armada; las movilizaciones jurídicas en el sistema legal internacional, estadounidense y puertorriqueño; la participación electoral; el activismo y la solidaridad con otras movilizaciones sociopolíticas puertorriqueñas e internacionales; y la articulación de un discurso contra-hegemónico opuesto al discurso jurídico-colonial estadounidense en PR. Este estudio se sustenta en una lectura histórico-genealógica de los 114 años de conflicto colonial y, para ello, la tesis estará dividida en tres parte generales: en la primera parte se expone de forma detallada las literaturas, teorías y metodologías que dieron forma y/o que sirvieron de punto de partida para el desarrollo de esta investigación; en la segunda parte se estudia en profundidad el poder colonial y los dispositivos jurídico-políticos implementados por los Estados Unidos en la constitución legal y en la legitimación del colonialismo, así como en los procesos de represión y criminalización de los movimientos anticoloniales; y, en la tercera parte, se describen los procesos de oposición y confrontación tanto jurídica como extrajurídica protagonizados por los movimientos anticoloniales. Este análisis histórico concluye mostrando que el uso del derecho ha sido parte de un intento concreto por despolitizar la política puertorriqueña. De ahí, que esta tesis presenta una reinterpretación del poder colonial y de la política puertorriqueña con la intención de auscultar nuevas estrategias para repolitizar y emancipar la política puertorriqueña del derecho.