Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Puits de dioxyde de carbone (chimie de l'atmosphère) – Télédétection'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Puits de dioxyde de carbone (chimie de l'atmosphère) – Télédétection.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Puits de dioxyde de carbone (chimie de l'atmosphère) – Télédétection"
Maignan, Fabienne. "Télédétection des surfaces continantales : correction des signatures directionnelles et suivi phénologique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0004.
Full textThe land surface component of the carbon cycle exhibits a large geographical disparity as well as a large interannual variability. It is important to survey and also to try predicting the evolution of this sink in response to climate change and human activities. A good knowledge of the physics of the satellite measurement allows us to model the land surface directional effects and thus to remove them from the measurement. We then construct less noisy time series of vegetation indices over almost three decades, from which we extract phenological parameters, phenology being the study of key-stages of the vegetal annual cycle in relation to climate. These satellite data may also be used for global vegetation models: to validate the modeled Leaf Area Index; to be assimilated and thus help improve the carbon fluxes budget; to calibrate phenological models
Messame, Me Mba Benjamin. "Aide à la planification environnementale au voisinage d'une capitale Africaine (Libreville) : apport du système de comptabilité écosystémique du capital naturel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025LARE0001.
Full textIn a widespread situation of climate change and biodiversity erosion, the sustainable management of territories and natural resources has become a central question in the development policies of countries. In Gabon, on the one hand, Libreville has developed into the main urban centre, rapidly concentrating a high demographic density compared with the rest of the country since the country first gained independence in the early 1960s. In addition, like the rest of the country, Gabon's capital is home to ecosystems that are rich in biodiversity and of major ecological importance (terrestrial forests and mangroves), which play an important role at local, regional and even international scale (sequestration of atmospheric carbon). The main aim of this thesis is therefore to study the impact of land artificialisation on Libreville's natural carbon sinks over a two-decade period from 2001 to 2022. Methods for the physical valuation of natural resources are built on the principle of strong sustainability, i.e. the maintenance of natural capital, and help to meet the requirements of sustainable development, in that they give natural capital an intrinsic value that has no equivalent in other types of capital, and therefore prevent any degradation of nature aiming to be compensated for by financial means. Ecosystem-based natural capital accounting, as used in the present study, allows natural resources to be physically assessed by means of accounting tables analysing their stocks, flows and state of health over a given period. The issue raised here is the difficulty of implementing such an approach on a sub-national scale and in an economically and socially disadvantaged region. To address these issues, it was decided to use mainly satellite remote sensing data from the Landsat series. Initially, the land cover maps produced using supervised classification of satellite images showed a predominance of dense forest in Libreville, with 274,738 ha in 2001, corresponding to 63% of terrestrial ecosystems, and 245,478 ha in 2022, corresponding to 57%. A shrinking forest cover has been observed over the years, and the nature of the changes observed has been determined through a diachronic analysis of land cover maps (2001-2014 and 2014-2022). Secondly, land cover and its dynamics were used as a proxy to analyse natural capital in physical terms, specifically vegetation biomass stocks and their changes. The total stock of carbon contained in biomass followed the same regressive trend as forests, falling from 160,411,151 tonnes to 154,921,690 tonnes between 2001 and 2022, a total loss of 5,489,461 tonnes. Finally, this work also looked at the efficiency of the public authorities' nature conservation actions, as reflected through the Arc d'Emeraude protected areas, despite the increasing land artificialisation in the Libreville region
Taquet, Noémie. "Monitoring géochimique de la géosphère et l'atmosphère : application au stockage géologique du CO2." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0252/document.
Full textThis study is based on the problematic of gas exchanges at the interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere through the geochemical monitoring of gas applied to CO2 geological storage sites. Concerning the "Metrological" aspect, we developed and implemented an in situ continuous geochemical monitoring station, based on coupling FTIR/ Raman spectrometry for measuring soil gas (O2, N2, CO2, CH4 and H2O) close to the injection wells of Rousse 1 (CCS Total pilot, Lacq-Rousse, France). We also developed protocols to identify and quantify CO2, CH4, SO2, H2S in the atmosphere (plume) by passive remote sensing FTIR. On the "Monitoring" and "Modelling" aspects, the continuous recording of soil CO2 concentration during more than 7 seasonal cycles indicate that CO2 concentration in the soil was anti-correlated with changes in piezometric level of the groundwater. This correlation was used to model the limits of natural variability of CO2 content in the soil, which is a key to CCS sites monitoring. The main fluctuations in soil CO2 content was assigned to a dissolution/release process of CO2 by the perched water table, acting as a CO2 pump. The CO2 concentration at the near surface (+ 1 m) would be governed by changes of the soil CO2 content. FITR remote sensing measurement of atmospheric gases allowed for the first time to perform an experimental 3D simulation of CO2 layers on the injection site. This type of experimental simulation is a first step for the monitoring of gases in the atmosphere
Lauvaux, Thomas. "Inversion à méso échelle des sources et puits de carbone." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0007.
Full textLes méthodes d'inversion à grande échelle ont permis d'estimer la variabilité spatiale des sources et puits de carbone continentaux mais les incertitudes associées restent importantes. En e_et, les concentrations atmosphériques intègrent la variabilité des _ux de surface, mais les modèles de transport à basse résolution utilisés dans les inversions ne peuvent reproduire correctement la complexité da la dynamique atmosphérique locale des sites de mesure. Cependant, ces estimations sont plus représentatives de la grande hétérogénéité spatiale des écosystèmes que les mesures directes des _ux. Les méthodes inverses et directes qui visent toutes les deux à estimer le bilan des échanges de carbone entre la surface et l'atmosphère s'appliquent donc à des échelles di_érentes et sont ainsi di_cilement comparables. Au cours de cette thèse, un système d'inversion à méso échelle a été développé pour corrigerles _ux de carbone à une résolution de 8km. Le modèle de transport à haute résolution (MésoNH) a permis de simuler la variabilité des concentrations atmosphériques avec une meilleure précision, ce qui a permis de limiter les incertitudes sur les _ux inversés. L'intégralité des données est issue de la campagne régionale intensive CERES de mai et juin 2005, lors de laquelle plusieurs tours instrumentées ont mesurées les concentrations et les _ux de CO2 dans le Sud Ouest de la France. Des mesures aéroportées ont permis également d'observer les concentrations en altitude ainsi que les _ux de CO2 aggrégées sur de larges bandes à la surface. Dans un premier temps, la capacité du système à corriger les _ux de CO2 a été estimé par l'intermédiaire de pseudo-données. La majeure partie de la variabilité des concentrations a été attribuée aux _ux régionaux dans une zone qui s'étend, selon les conditions météorologiques, jusqu'à 300km autour des sites de mesure. Dans un second temps, un ensemble de simulations a permis de dé_nir les structures spatiale et temporelle des erreurs de transport. Dans un dernier temps, les _ux corrigés par l'inversion à 8km de résolution ont été comparés à des mesures directes de _ux. Le système d'inversion a été ainsi validé dans le temps et l'espace et a montré une amélioration de l'estimation des _ux de CO2 issues d'un modèle de végétation en diminuant signi_cativement les erreurs initiales par rapport aux observations indépendantes de _ux de CO2
Pellerano, Mario. "Évaluation d'absorbants pour le captage et le transport de CO²." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f10f503c-d210-4296-89f9-32e6e8a2cc79.
Full textIn order to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, CO2 release due to human activities should be better controlled. CO2 capture by adsorption is considered as one ot the potential options. In this work, different commercialized activated carbons (AC) were evaluated as a potential adsorbent for CO2 capture by pressure modulation and were compared to commercialised zeolites. Adsorption isotherms, materials aging and gas separation were determined and evaluated. Relations between physical properties and adsorption capacities are founded. These relations were used in order to determine the adsorbent demonstrating the best adsorption regeneration capacities depending on the operating conditions applied. CO2 transportation from production places to storage locations is presently accomplished by liquid or supercritical phase, which generate large costs and emissions. This final part of this work considers the possibility to transport CO2 in adsorbed phase (with considered materials) and analyzes its cost as a function of transported quantities, transport conditions and transportation means. CO2 transport by ship in adsorbed phase on small distances was seen as being competive to ship transportation in liquid phase. The CO2 emissions generated by CO2 transport in adsorbed phase were evaluated in all cases (transportation means, distances, conditions) to be much smaller than the ones generated by liquid phase transport
Rueff, Henri. "Optimizing dryland afforestation : prospects and limitations : minimum carbon payment for non-annex I dryland countries on an aridity gradient with stochastic weather and prices." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32045.
Full textRecent findings demonstrate that dryland trees are efficient carbon sinks. The price of carbon at which a farmer would be indifferent between his customary activity and the plantation of trees for the trade of carbon credits remains however unknown. Carbon yields were simulated by means of the CO2FIX v3. 1 model for Pinus halepensis. Wheat yields and pasture yields were predicted on somewhat similar nitrogen-based quadratic models, using 30 years of weather data for the simulation of moisture stress. Both models were developed for dryland conditions, while calibration and validation were done with data collected in Israel on 8 stations (from 200mm to 900mm of annual precipitation). No-till wheat and pasture yield values were then fitted to a gamma probability distribution function, to enable iterative stochastic production simulation. Input and output prices were, however, fitted to a normal distribution. Stochastic production, input and output prices were afterwards simulated on a Monte Carlo matrix with 10,000 iterations on a 30 years cash flow. Results show that, despite the high levels of carbon uptake by dryland trees, carbon trading by afforesting is unprofitable anywhere along the aridity gradient. Indeed, the price of carbon will have to raise unrealistically high, and the certification costs will have to drop significantly, to make afforestation under the clean development mechanism a worthwhile activity for non annex I dryland countries
Adisaputro, Didi. "Metrology and Monitoring of Gases Transfer (CO₂ and CH₄) Processes within the System of Geosphere and Biosphere." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0313.
Full textThis study is a continuation of our previous geochemical monitoring finding at the injection wells of Rousse 1 ( Total CCS pilot, Lacq- Rousse, France) where it was identified that the soil CO₂ mole fraction (χc) evolution in subsoil was negatively correlated with the level of the water table and the CO₂ sources were attributed to the CO₂-rich aquifers. However, it is still unclear whether this relationship exists in the forest ecosystem, representing a significant proportion of the CO₂ atmospheric budget. For this reason, this thesis focuses on monitoring the gas exchange and its main driver of the transport process between soil (-1 m), subsoil (-6 m), and biosphere. We developed and implemented an in-situ geochemical monitoring system for continuous monitoring of CO₂ mole fraction in the subsoil coupled with a micrometeorological monitoring system using a pre-established flux tower in the forest Ecosystem (Montiers, Lorraine Region, France). This soil gas measurement infrastructure combining borehole measurement with micrometeorological measurement offers great possibilities for long-term in-situ and continuous gas monitoring to derive the vertical distribution of CO₂. Thus, this infrastructure allowed the observation of the temporal dynamics in soil-gas CO₂ research. During the study periods, the ecosystem acted as a net carbon sink with a mean annual NEE, GPP, and Reco of -453±122 gC m-2y-1, -1468 ±109 gC m-2y-1, and 1052 ±88 gC m-2y-1 consecutively. The Carbon exchange, climate, and environmental drivers during the drought episodes were compared with long-term reference data recorded from 2014 to 2017. In contrast with some previous research where GPP and Reco parallelly decreased during the drought episodes, our site showed Reco is more sensitive to drought than GPP, resulting in a significant increase in Net Ecosystem exchange. Reco decreased by 20%, and 26% were found in Summer and Autumn (2018-2019) relative to the ref erence years (2014-2017). This study shows strong empirical shreds of evidence that wind turbulence plays a significant role in driving the deep soil CO₂ concentration. We hypothesize that this could be due to pressure pumping effects where it decreases the CO₂ molar fraction in the soil during high turbulence and increasing the CO₂ storage in deep soil during low turbulence. This study also demonstrates that permeability significantly reduced during wet periods diminishing molecular diffusion and advection. This study also revealed a strong biotic influence on CO₂ production. The δ¹³CCO₂ values in our site subsoil can be attributed to respiration and decomposition of the C3 plants. These biological origins of soil CO₂ are highly likely increases air density resulting in gravitational percolation that leads the CO₂ stored in a deeper layer of soil. The relationship of subsoil gases also emphasizes that biogenic components dominate the origins and controlling process of subsoil CO₂ while the geochemical process plays an insignificant role
Quibel, Edouard. "Impacts de la préparation du sol lors de la phase de plantation sur la dynamique des matières organiques et la fonction de stockage du Carbone dans les sols forestiers Impact du travail du sol localisé sur le stock de carbone organique du sol et la communauté microbienne en condition de plantation en forêt tempérée Changes in soil organic carbon stock by mechanical site preparation in oak and pine plantations on an acidic soil Impact du travail du sol localisé sur le stock de carbone organique du sol et la communauté microbienne en condition de plantation sur sol à engorgement temporaire en eau." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR017.
Full textIn the current context of climate change, forests are seen as a carbon sinj, i. e. they can contribute to C storage. This storage can take place in the medium term in woody biomass and in the longer term in soils. In order to preserve forests and their C storage capacity, foresters have to carry out artificial regeneration (i. e. planting) to adapt stands to future conditions. To ensure the success of this planting stage, it is sometimes necessary to remove some constraints such as the presence of blocking vegetation, compaction or waterlogging of soil. To do this, a Mechanical Soil Preparation (MSP) can be carried out prior to plantin. This PMS work may cause a Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) loss by mineralization. In order to limit the negative effects of PMS, tools have been developed to prepare the soil only in a localized area, on the future line of plants. These tools have been developed to respond to some situations. The Reversible Scarifier® (RS) tool and the Multifunction Subsoiler (MFSS) are designed to prepare soils compacted and/or invaded by eagle fern (Pteridium aquilinum). The Razherb® (RAZ) and the Culti 3B® (C3B) tools are designed to prepare compacted and/or waterlogged soils invaded by Molinia caerulea (Molinia caerulea). First, based on 6 sites belonging to the ALTER network, the impact of the RS tool alone and in combination with MFSS on COS was evaluated 5 years after the PMS. This evaluation therefore focused on the quantity and quality of SOC. The impact of the tools on the microbial functioning of the soil was also tested. This part showed a decrease in the stock of C and mineralized C by the microbial community under controlled conditions localized to the prepared area but impacts at the forest stand scale depend on soil characteristics. Second, based on 3 sites belonging to the PILOTE network, the impact of the combination of RAZ+C3B tools on SOC stocks and potential mineralization was evaluated. On these soils with temporary waterlogging, adecrease in SOC stock was observed in the prepared area only in the topsoil (0-30 cm). On the other hand, both SOC stock on the full profile and the potential mineralization did not have a significant effect on the prepared area. At the forest stand scale, the RAZ+C3B combination had no effect on SOC stock or potential mineralization. This thesis work suggests that although they had an impact on the prepared area, the tools used in this study had low influence on the soil at the forest plot scale. However, these observations may vary according to the soil type and have a significant impact on the forest plot
Qiu, Chunjing. "Modélisation de la dynamique du carbone et des surfaces dans les tourbières du nord." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV022.
Full textNorthern peatlands play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle as a long-term CO2 sink and the one of the largest natural methane (CH4) sources. Meanwhile, these substantial carbon stores will be exposed in the future to large warming and wetter conditions that characterize climate change in the high latitudes and, because of the large amount of C stored in northern peatlands, their fate is of concern. In this thesis, I integrated a representation of peatlands water and carbon cycling into the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model (LSM), with the aim to improve the understanding of peatland C and area dynamics since the Holocene, to explore effects of projected climate change to northern peatlands, and to quantify the role of northern peatlands in the global C cycle.Firstly (Chapter 2), I implemented peatland as an independent sub-grid hydrological soil unit (HSU) which receives runoff from surrounding non-peatland HSUs in each grid cell and has no bottom drainage, following the concept of Largeron et al. (2018). To model vertical water fluxes of peatland and non-peatland soils, I represented peat-specific hydrological parameters for the peatland HSU while in other HSUs the hydrological parameters are determined by the dominant soil texture of the grid cell. I chose a diplotelmic model to simulate peat C decomposition and accumulation. This two-layered model includes an upper layer (acrotelm) that is variably inundated and a lower layer (catotelm) that is permanently inundated. This model showed good performance in simulating peatland hydrology, C and energy fluxes at 30 northern peatland sites on daily to annual time scales. But the over simplification of the C dynamics may limit its capacity to predict northern peatland response to future climate change.Secondly (Chapter 3), I replaced the diplotelmic peat carbon model with a multi-layered model to account for vertical heterogeneities in temperature and moisture along the peat profile. I then adapted the cost-efficient version of TOPMODEL and peatland establishment criteria from Stocker et al. (2014) to simulate the dynamics of peatland area within a grid cell. Here the flooded area given by TOPMODEL is crossed with suitable peat growing conditions to set the area that is occupied by a peat HSU. This model was tested across a range of northern peatland sites and for gridded simulations over the Northern Hemisphere (>30 °N). Simulated total northern peatlands area and C stock by 2010 is 3.9 million km2 and 463 PgC, fall well within observation-based reported range of northern peatlands area (3.4 – 4.0 million km2) and C stock (270 – 540 PgC).Lastly (Chapter 4), with the multi-layered model, I conducted factorial simulations using representative concentration pathway (RCP)-driven bias-corrected past and future climate data from two general circulation models (GCMs) to explore responses of northern peatlands to climate change. The impacts of peatlands on future C balance of the Northern Hemisphere were discussed, including the direct response of the C balance of the (simulated) extant peatland area, and indirect effects of peatlands on the terrestrial C balance when peatlands area change in the future.Future work will focus on including influences of land use change and fires on peatland into the model, given that substantial losses of C could occur due to these disturbances. To have a complete picture of peatland C balance, CH4 and dissolved organic C (DOC) losses must be considered
Luquot, Linda. "Quantification expérimentale à l'échelle mésoscopique des processus réactionnels dans le cadre de l'injection de CO2 dans des roches carbonatées et silicatées." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20245.
Full textIn order to minimize CO2 atmospheric concentration, a solution consists in sequestrating CO2 in geological reservoirs. To estimate long term risks, it is necessary to quantify the couplings between reaction processes as well as structural and hydrodynamical modifications. We realised two experimental benches enabling injecting CO2-enriched-brine in conditions corresponding to in situ storage (T < 200 °C and P < 200 bar) and developed an experimental protocol using X-Ray microtomography and fluid and rock analyses in order to measure the variations of physical and chemical parameters. The study of carbonated reservoirs near the injection well, allows quantifying different k-phi relationships depending on the dissolution processes and triggered by the local fluid chemical composition and initials conditions. Away from the injection well, we observe carbonate precipitation decreasing the permeability. The study of fracturated caprock samples shows that alternative percolation of CO2-enriched-brine and CO2 gas increases the fracture permeability. The study of silicated rocks indicates carbonate precipitation in zeolite sandstone and sintered dunite grains. Nevertheless, in zeolite sandstone we also observe the precipitation of clay particles located in the fluid pathways which decrease strongly the permeability