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Journal articles on the topic 'Pull-out test'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

Popovski, Denis, Mile Partikov, and Damjan Denkovski. "PULL-OUT TEST FOR MECHANICAL ANCHORS." Scientific Journal of Civil Engineering 9, no. 1 (2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.55302/sjce2091099p.

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2

Iwasaki, Komei, and Takao Hirai. "Evaluation of Pull-out Resistance of Geomembrane in Soil by Pull-out Test." Proceedings of geotextile symposium 9 (1994): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal1986.9.102.

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3

Fukushima, S., A. Sakai, H. Shintani, et al. "Evaluation of Pull-out Resistance of Geo-grid in Soil by Pull-out Test." Proceedings of geotextile symposium 4 (1989): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal1986.4.114.

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4

Sakai, A., S. Fukushima, S. Hayashi, et al. "Evaluation of Pull-out Resistance of Geo-grid in Soil by Pull-out Test." Proceedings of geotextile symposium 4 (1989): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal1986.4.126.

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5

DOLLAR, ANNA, and KEVIN P. MEADE. "MODELING PULL-OUT TEST OF DENTAL IMPLANTS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 15, no. 04 (2003): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237203000201.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate bone-implant interface failure using analytical techniques of fracture mechanics. The implant usually is anchored to the surrounding bone by growth of bony tissue into the surface of the implant. A mechanical interlock is formed between the implant and the bone. Plane strain conditions are imposed. By using a continuous distribution of edge dislocations to represent interfacial debonding, the problem reduced to a system of singular integral equations that was solved numerically using standard collocation techniques. Quantities of interest are the extent of the debonded zone, the relative displacement between the implant and the bone and the stresses at the bone-implant interfaces, all of which depend on the load in a nonlinear fashion.

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6

Ito, Shuji, Yoshihiro Yokota, Keiichi Fukuhara, and Osamu Maeda. "The field pull-out test of geogrid." Geosynthetics Engineering Journal 14 (1999): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal.14.205.

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7

Gurung, N., and Y. Iwao. "Pull-out test analysis for geo-reinforcement." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 17, no. 3 (1999): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-1144(98)00032-6.

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8

Humbert, J., J. Baroth, and L. Daudeville. "Probabilistic analysis of a pull-out test." Materials and Structures 43, no. 3 (2009): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9493-z.

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9

Montero-Cubillo, N. S., R. A. Galindo, C. Olalla, and M. Muñiz-Menéndez. "Pull-out creep laboratory test for soft rocks." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 144 (August 2021): 104811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104811.

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10

MIZUTANI, Suguru, and Toshiyasu MIYOSHI. "PULL-OUT TEST ON GEOGRID-TYPE QUAY STRUCTURE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 71, no. 2 (2015): I_1011—I_1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.71.i_1011.

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11

Zucchini, A., and C. Y. Hui. "Detailed analysis of the fibre pull-out test." Journal of Materials Science 31, no. 21 (1996): 5631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01160808.

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12

Qiu, Yiping, and Peter Schwartz. "Single-fiber pull-out from a microcomposite test." Composites Science and Technology 48, no. 1-4 (1993): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(93)90114-v.

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13

Hong, Xiang, Zhenkun Lei, Yu Ma, Ruixiang Bai, and Weikang Li. "Kevlar 49 yarn pull-out test and numerical analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2361, no. 1 (2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2361/1/012004.

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The yarn pull-out tests are of great importance to study the frictional energy dissipation mechanism between yarns and the overall deformation behavior of fabrics. In this study, the stress transfer mechanism of the yarn pull-out process of Kevlar 49 woven fabric is investigated by the digital image correlation (DIC) marker method, considering both the warp waves and transverse preload variables, and have analyzed the shear deformation behavior of textile by the change history of fabric shear angle. The results show that the peak load of the yarn pull-out process increases nonlinearly with the increase of the transverse preload force and the number of warp waves, the maximum pull-out displacement of the yarn is sensitive to the preload force only and is largely independent of warp waves. Finally, the finite element (FE) calculation of the single yarn pull-out process was carried out by using the mixed element method with the restart analysis technique, and the numerical simulation results achieved a good match with the peak load of the experimental data.

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14

Gontarz, Jakub, and Jerzy Podgórski. "Analysis of crack propagation in a “pull-out” test." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 41, no. 3 (2019): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0015.

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Abstract The article describes a computer analysis of the pull-out test used to calculate the force needed to pull out a rock fragment and determine the shape of this broken fragment. The analyzed material is sandstone and porphyry. The analysis included the first approach to using own subroutine in the Simulia Abaqus system, that is, which task is undertaken to accurately determine the crack path of the Finite Element Method model. The work also contains a description of laboratory tests and analytical considerations.

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15

Al-Humeidawi, Basim, and Parthasarathi Mandal. "Laboratory investigation of dowel bars’ misalignment using pull-out test." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 14, no. 2 (2022): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v14i4.853.

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Joint lockup due to dowel misalignment significantly affects joint and concrete pavement performance by causing joint distresses. The current paper presents an experimental study to assess the effectiveness of standard pull-out test in the evaluation of dowel misalignment effect on joint lockup of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP). The tests were conducted at two different ages of concrete ; 3 and 28 days. The results showed that the standard pull-out test or individually pulling of misaligned dowels cannot reflect the realistic defect of dowel misalignment. It also showed that the vertical orientation of misaligned dowel bars during the concrete casting reduces the pull-out load due to more distance from the exposure surface. Another observation was for all specimens, the pull-out load increases with an increase in concrete age

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16

Nishigata, Tatsuaki, and Ichizou Yamaoka. "Pull-out Friction Test of Geotextiles Embedded in Sand." Proceedings of geotextile symposium 1 (1986): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal1986.1.41.

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17

Gontarz, Jakub, and Jerzy Podgórski. "Numerical analysis of crack propagation in a pull-out test." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925208001.

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This paper describes the computer analysis of the pull-out test for determining the force needed to pull out a rock fragment, and the shape of this fractured fragment. The material analysed is sandstone. The analysis included a comparison of the various crack propagation methods in computer program using the Finite Element Method. The work also contains a description of performed laboratory tests and analytical considerations.

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18

Sørensen, B. F., and H. Lilholt. "Fiber pull-out test and single fiber fragmentation test - analysis and modelling." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 139 (July 2016): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/139/1/012009.

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19

Sawada, Shun-ichi. "Dynamic penetration test with measuring of the pull-out resistance." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 2, no. 20 (2016): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.jpn-024.

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20

Jin, Qing Ping, Zu Jia Zheng, Bin Qiang Dou, and Xue Wen Lei. "FBG Sensor Application for GFRP Soil Nailing Pull-Out Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.539.

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The mechanical performance of GFRP soil nailing in the supporting structure is an important and difficult problem. By implanting the fiber bragg grating sensor (FBG) into GFRP soil nailing, pull-out tests were done on filed,and stress rules of soil nailing bar were determined.The more reasonable and effective force data of soil nailings were also gathered through FBG senor.Test results show that the tension of soil nailing gradually adds with external pulling force, the variation of tension is divided into two stages, the total pulling force is within 50kN, growing linearly with about 2.5% rate ,after that, its growth rate is approximately 50% to 60%. After the force exceed a certain value, the load is transmitted backward.FBG sensing technology overcomes the failure problem of traditional strain sensor,is a precise measurement method.

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21

MAENO, Yasukazu, Ryuichi KAWANO, Seong-Seung KANG, and Yuzo OBARA. "Mechanical Behavior of Cable Bolts in Laboratory Pull-Out Test." Journal of MMIJ 124, no. 12 (2008): 756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.124.756.

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22

XIAO, Chengzhi, Ya'nan LUO, Zihan WANG, and Hongliang HU. "Pull-out test of interface characteristics between geogrid and sand." Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering 36, no. 03 (2019): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1249.2019.03252.

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23

Steven Johnson, W., PA Lagace, JE Masters, LS Penn, and C.-T. Chou. "Identification of Factors Affecting Single Filament Pull-Out Test Results." Journal of Composites Technology and Research 12, no. 3 (1990): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/ctr10193j.

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24

Toufigh, Vahid, Farnam Saeid, Vahab Toufigh, Ahad Ouria, Chandrakant S. Desai, and Hamid Saadatmanesh. "Laboratory study of soil-CFRP interaction using pull-out test." Geomechanics and Geoengineering 9, no. 3 (2013): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2013.813650.

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25

Wang, S. R., H. G. Xiao, Z. S. Zou, C. Cao, Y. H. Wang, and Z. L. Wang. "Mechanical Performances of Transverse Rib Bar During Pull-Out Test." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 05 (2019): 1950048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500480.

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To evaluate mechanical performances of the transverse rib bar and reveal anchoring mechanism between the grout and steel bar, a series of pull-out tests were carried out, the numerical simulations and theoretical analysis of grout failure modes were also analyzed. Results show that the grout in front of the transverse rib display wedge-shape damage and the simulation results verify this damage forms. The formula of the effective transverse rib angle, the grout strength and anchorage force were derived based on elastic thick-wall cylinder theory. During the pull-out tests, the radial stress of the grout lagged the tangential stress reaching the ultimate tensile strength with the inner pressure increasing. The anchoring force of the transverse rib bar increases with the increase of the grout strength, and with the increase of the effective transverse rib angle. These conclusions provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering practice.

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26

Quek, M. Y., and C. Y. Yue. "Axisymmetric stress distribution in the single filament pull-out test." Materials Science and Engineering: A 189, no. 1-2 (1994): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90406-5.

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27

DiFrancia, Célene, Thomas C. Ward, and Richard O. Claus. "The single-fibre pull-out test. 1: Review and interpretation." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 27, no. 8 (1996): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-835x(95)00069-e.

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28

Bilisik, Kadir, and Gaye Yolacan. "Single and multiple yarn pull-out on E-glass woven fabric structures." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 19 (2011): 2043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511414976.

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The aim of this study was to understand the pull-out properties of E-glass woven fabrics. For this purpose, low yarn linear density E-Glass-F1 and high yarn linear density E-Glass-F2 woven fabrics were used to conduct the pull-out tests. A developed yarn pull-out fixture was used to test short and long fabric sample dimensions. Data generated from the single and multiple yarn pull-out tests using E-Glass-F1 and E-Glass-F2 woven fabrics included fabric pull-out forces, yarn crimp extensions in the fabrics and fabric displacements. Yarn pull-out forces depend on yarn linear density, fabric density, fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled ends in the fabric. Results showed that multiple yarn pull-out force was higher than single yarn pull-out force. Single and multiple yarn pull-out forces in high yarn linear density E-Glass-F2 were higher than those of low yarn linear density E-Glass-F1 fabric. It was found that the crimp ratio in the fabric and fabric lengths is an important structural parameter for yarn crimp extension. Fabric displacement resulting from the multiple yarn pull-out test was higher than that of the single yarn pull-out test. Fabric displacement generated from single and multiple pull-out tests depended on fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled yarn ends. Future research will concentrate on the development of the analytical relationship between pull-out and yarn fabric structural parameters which could result in a better fabric structure for use in composite applications.

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29

Sayed, Sherif, Mohamed S. Morsy, Sayed M. Ahmed, and Ahmed M. Elhanafy. "Comparison between uniaxial and pull-out tests setup for polyester and HDPE geogrids." E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336802021.

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Uniaxial tensile and/or pull-out tests are performed to obtain the stress-strain curve of geogrids. The clamp lining in contact with a specimen in the uniaxial tensile test or the grit of a sandpaper clamp liner in a pull-out test affects the results. In this study, one geogrid made of polyester and another one made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are tested in the uniaxial tensile test using various clamps and in pull-out test using sandpapers of different grits. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to test HDPE in uniaxial tests with serrated steel-lined clamps and in pull-out tests with sandpaper (grit 180) lined clamps. A polyester geogrid shall be tested in uniaxial tests with plastic-lined clamps and in pull-out tests with sandpaper (grit 400) lined clamps.

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30

Nuralinah, Devi. "The pull-out test on knit bamboo reinforcement embedded into concrete beam." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801007.

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The pull-out test is generally conducted to obtain accurately the carrying capacity of the flexural strength of the knit bamboo reinforced concrete beam, which is more determined by the bonding strength than the tensile strength of reinforcement in concrete. Bamboo bar with braid knit which was coated with sikadur as bonding agent based on selected epoxy resin was expected to improve a good friction with concrete. In the pull-out test method, a hydraulic jack was applied to encourage bamboo embedded into a pair of concrete blocks, whose size was 15cm x 30cm x 40cm. The experimental variable of specimens were types of knitted bamboo, and type of coating. Based on the test results, either the bond strength or the tensile strength, which was calculated based on the failure mechanism, increased with respect to the concrete quality. The compressive strength of concrete was averaged as much as 25,97 MPa. The usage of outer skin surface on the cutting braid knit bamboo (type 1), which was coated with sikadur experimentally could increase the pull-out load. In the pull-out test, bond failure occurred with using of the plain bamboo bar with the bond stress of 1.18 MPa, while tensile failure occurred with using of knit bar type 1 with peak tensile strength of 85.84 Mpa.

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31

Slama, Anne-Claire, Jean-Louis Gallias, and Bruno Fiorio. "Study of the pull-out test of multifilament yarns embedded in cementitious matrix." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 2 (2020): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320946368.

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In order to understand the impregnation mechanism of a yarn by a cementitious matrix and its influence on the mechanical properties of a yarn/cement composite, pull-out tests have been performed on samples of yarn/cement. Two embedded lengths for the yarn and different rheological and mechanical properties for the matrix were tested. Two pull-out modes were distinguished according to the compressive strength of matrices. For matrices with a compressive strength between 60 and 70 MPa the pull-out mode is characterized by a behaviour close to the tensile behaviour of the yarn, with maximum load values reaching approximately 60% of the tensile maximum load because of filaments damages. For matrices with compressive strength inferior to 60 MPa, the pull-out mode exhibits a residual phase linked to a slippage and an extraction of a variable number of filaments, with lower maximum load values than the first pull-out mode. After pull-out test, for some samples with filaments extraction, an innovative method based on a double impregnation with resin enables to visualize the yarn/matrix interface and identify the level of impregnation of the filaments by using confocal microscopy. It is concluded that this level of impregnation has a direct influence on the mechanical behaviour of the embedded yarn, except for the slippage and extraction phase, but the rheological properties of the matrix has no significant influence on this impregnation.

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32

Guadagnin Moravia, Marcus, Pascal Villard, and Delma De Mattos Vidal. "Geogrid pull-out modelling using DEM." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 13015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199213015.

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With the advancement of the use of synthetic reinforcements in geotechnics, a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in soil-reinforcement interaction is the focus of major research centres on the subject. The topic of this study is the shearing behaviour at interfaces between granular materials and geogrids. The main objective is to provide a more fundamental understanding of some micromechanisms present in this type of interface, which in turn are important to optimize the design of such reinforcement. The numerical modelling of these reinforced structures must deal with the complexity of the material-reinforcement interaction problem; therefore, it requires specific numerical models whose formulations admit localized behaviours in the contacts as well as the granular nature of the material (e.g., soil, gravel, ballast). A robust and flexible way of modelling this problem is through the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The DEM proposes to model this granular nature by representing the soil as interacting constituent particles, whose behaviour is ruled by physical laws defined at the contact points. The numerical approach is desirable since it allows, in an articulated and relatively fast way, studying closely different regions of the interface, in order to identify factors and variables that are important for the problem. The purpose involves the DEM for a 3D modelling of a geogrid pull-out test to calculate the magnitude of forces in different elements of the geogrid (i.e., nodes, longitudinal and transverse members). Preparation of numerical samples has a particular importance in the final results of simulations. Thus, the numerical techniques used to obtain better geometry for the geogrid and a granular assembly with a representative grain rolling effect are also presented in this paper.

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33

TSURUOKA, Tanehide, Norio IWASAKI, Sumio TORIUMI, Kyozo TAKAOKA, and Tetsuo YAHABA. "LABORATORY PULL-OUT TEST OF GEOGRID AND ITS FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS." Proceedings of geotextile symposium 4 (1989): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal1986.4.106.

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34

FUKUOKA, Masami, Jiro KUWANO, Ken-ichiro OZAKI, Shun-ichi IHARA, Satoshi ITAGAKI, and Yukio KADOKAWA. "PULL-OUT TEST ON GEOGRID IN SAND REINFORCED BY CONTINUOUS FIBERS." Proceedings of geotextile symposium 6 (1991): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal1986.6.68.

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35

Sendeckyj, GP, SS Wang, W. Steven Johnson, WW Stinchcomb, LS Penn, and SM Lee. "Interpretation of Experimental Results in the Single Pull-out Filament Test." Journal of Composites Technology and Research 11, no. 1 (1989): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/ctr10145j.

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36

Lee, Seong-Cheol, Kyung-Joon Shin, and Byung-Hwan Oh. "Cyclic pull-out test of single PVA fibers in cementitious matrix." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 26 (2011): 2765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998311417476.

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Recently, many studies have been conducted to examine the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) subjected to cyclic loading. However, cyclic and fatigue behavior is so complex that the mechanism of degradation cannot be cleared just by simple mechanical tests such as flexural and tensile tests of FRC specimens that measure typical overall behavior of the material. Besides these kinds of investigations, the individual behavior of the constituents and the interaction between them need to be investigated to reveal the cyclic degradation and fatigue mechanism of FRC detail. So far, only a few experiments have been devoted to the cyclic degradation of fibers in FRC. Therefore, cyclic pull-out behavior of single fiber is investigated in this study. A main objective of this article is to propose a test method for a cyclic pull-out test of a single fiber and to investigate the degradation behavior of single PVA fibers under cyclic loading conditions. Single PVA fibers were tested using quasi-static and cyclic loading methods, and the test results revealed the bridging load of PVA fibers decreases continuously and it become less than half the initial load during the cyclic loading process.

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37

Deng, Peng, Yan Sun, Yan Liu, and Xiaoxiao Song. "Revised Rebound Hammer and Pull-Out Test Strength Curves for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8263745.

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Rebound hammer tests and postinstalled pull-out tests are commonly used for evaluating the compressive strength of ordinary concrete, and the strength of concrete is estimated by strength curves. However, using these strength curves to predict the compressive strength of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete (CFRC), polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC), and carbon-polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) may lead to considerable uncertainties. Therefore, this study revises the strength curves derived from rebound hammer tests and postinstalled pull-out tests for ordinary concrete. 480 specimens of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) of six strength grades are examined. Standard cube compressive strength tests are used as a reference, and the results of various regression models are compared. The linear model is determined as the most accurate model for postinstalled pull-out tests, whereas the power model is the most accurate for rebound hammer tests. The proposed strength curves have important applications for FRC engineering of the postinstalled pull-out tests and rebound hammer tests.

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38

Maqableh, Ayman M., and Muhanad M. Hatamleh. "Cohesive Zone Modeling of Pull-Out Test for Dental Fiber–Silicone Polymer." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183668.

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Background: Several analytical methods for the fiber pull-out test have been developed to evaluate the bond strength of fiber–matrix systems. We aimed to investigate the debonding mechanism of a fiber–silicone pull-out specimen and validate the experimental data using 3D-FEM and a cohesive element approach. Methods: A 3D model of a fiber–silicone pull-out testing specimen was established by pre-processing CT images of the typical specimen. The materials on the scans were posted in three different cross-sectional views using ScanIP and imported to ScanFE in which 3D generation was implemented for all of the image slices. This file was exported in FEA format and was imported in the FEA software (PATRAN/ABAQUS, version r2) for generating solid mesh, boundary conditions, and material properties attribution, as well as load case creation and data processing. Results: The FEM cohesive zone pull-out force versus displacement curve showed an initial linear response. The Von Mises stress concentration was distributed along the fiber–silicone interface. The damage in the principal stresses’ directions S11, S22, and S33, which represented the maximum possible magnitude of tensile and compressive stress at the fiber–silicone interface, showed that the stress is higher in the direction S33 (stress acting in the Z-direction) in which the lower damage criterion was higher as well when compared to S11 (stress acting in the XY plane) and S23 (stress acting in the YZ plane). Conclusions: The comparison between the experimental values and the results from the finite element simulations show that the proposed cohesive zone model accurately reproduces the experimental results. These results are considered almost identical to the experimental observations about the interface. The cohesive element approach is a potential function that takes into account the shear effects with many advantages related to its ability to predict the initiation and progress of the fiber–silicone debonding during pull-out tests. A disadvantage of this approach is the computational effort required for the simulation and analysis process. A good understanding of the parameters related to the cohesive laws is responsible for a successful simulation.

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39

Bilisik, Kadir. "Experimental determination of yarn pull-out properties of para-aramid (Kevlar®) woven fabric." Journal of Industrial Textiles 41, no. 3 (2011): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083711413411.

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The aim of this study was to determine the pull-out properties of the para-aramid woven fabrics. Para-aramid Kevlar 29® (K29) and Kevlar 129® (K129) woven fabrics were used to conduct the pull-out tests. K29 and K129 woven fabrics had high and low fabric densities, respectively. For this reason, yarn pull-out fixture was developed to test various K29 and K129 fabric sample dimensions. Data generated from single and multiple yarn pull-out tests in various dimensions of K29 and K129 woven fabrics included fabric pull-out forces, yarn crimp extensions in the fabrics, and fabric displacements. Yarn pull-out forces depended on fabric density, fabric sample dimensions, and the number of pulled ends in the fabric. Multiple yarn pull-out force was higher than single yarn pull-out force. Single- and multiple-yarn pull-out forces in K29 (tight fabric) were higher than those of K129 (loose fabric). Yarn crimp extension in K29 and K129 fabrics depended on crimp ratio in the fabrics and fabric density. High crimp ratio fabrics showed high yarn crimp extension compared to that of the low crimp ratio fabrics. Long fabric samples also showed high yarn crimp extension compared to that of the short fabrics. Fabric displacement in K29 and K129 fabrics depended on fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled yarns. Long fabric samples showed high fabric displacement compared to that of short fabric samples. Fabric displacement from multiple yarn pull-out test was also higher than that of the single yarn pull-out test. It was considered that fabric pull-out properties can play important roles for absorption of impact load due to the yarn frictions in the fabric structures.

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40

Hanna, A. M., and A. Afram. "Pull-out capacity of single batter piles in sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 3 (1986): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-054.

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The pull-out capacity of single rigid vertical and batter piles in sand and subjected to axial loading has been investigated. Good agreement was found when test results on instrumented model piles were compared with theoretical estimates. The effect of pile inclination on the pull-out capacity has been explained by means of variable mobilized passive earth pressure on the pile's perimeter. A design method and charts are presented. Key words: pile foundation, pull-out capacity, vertical pile, batter pile, sand–soil mechanics.

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41

Apriyatno, Henry, Supriyono Supriyono, and Arie Taveriyanto. "Experimental Study of Pull-Out Failure on Sanko Hammer Drive Anchor Using Cast in Place and Post-Installed Methods on Ready-mix Concrete with Quality of 25 Mpa." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 23, no. 1 (2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v23i1.28027.

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Abstract: Anchor serves to connect steel and concrete construction that can transfer steel pull-out load to concrete. Sanko hammer drive anchor usually has been available in the model of expansion that can be installed into concrete with cast in place and post installed methods. The experiment was aimed at comparing pull out failures of Sanko hammer drive expansion anchor using cast in place and post installed installation methods based on pull-out failure behavior. Experimental data were obtained from the pull-out strength test of Sanko hammer drive expansion anchor, compressive strength test and ready-mix concrete split tensile test, adhesion strength test and group anchor pull-out test which consists of four units of anchor with diameter of 10 mm planted 90 mm depth on T concrete beams with dimension of 300 mm x 300 mm x 150 mm as many as three beams for each of them using cast in place and post installed installation methods. The results of the experiment showed that concrete compressive tension value (fâ€™c) is 25.69 MPa, anchor tension value (fu) is 383.25 MPa, anchor adhesion tension value (Î¼) with cast in place method is 2.25 MPa and post installed method is 1.56 MPa. Theoretically, the damage occurred in pull-out condition; while in the experiment, the test showed a difference in pull-out capacity using cast in place installation method of 38.38 kN with deformation of 13.81 mm, which is higher than theoretical value of 26,083 kN and using post installed method of 36.62 kN with deformation of 8.89 mm, which is higher than theoretical value of 18,084 kN and the experiment indicates that the anchor is perfectly pull-out.

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Feih, S., and P. Schwartz. "Fem Analysis and Comparison of Single Fiber Pull-Out Tests." Advanced Composites Letters 6, no. 4 (1997): 096369359700600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359700600403.

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This work analyses the stress distributions during the pull-out test and the microbond test by FEA. Both tests are found to lead to the same results. The simulation result predicts the in praxis calculated IFSS value. Fiber coating leads to a more uniform shear stress distribution.

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Zhang, Ya Fang, Pei Ran Chen, Hao Liu, and Qing Hua Wu. "Influence of Fiber Embedded Length on Properties of Single Fiber Pull-Out Test." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 2061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.2061.

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The reinforcing and toughening effect of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) are mainly under control of the interfacial bond strength in between of fiber and concrete, and the embedded length of fiber is one of the significant factors for interfacial bond strength. In this paper, pull-out numerical models based on single steel or polypropylene fiber have been studied with the fiber embedded length set as a variable and the influence of fiber embedded length on properties of single fiber pullout has, therefore, been analyzed. The results indicate that the longer the fiber embedded length, the larger the peak index and pull-out toughness of single fiber pull-out specimen could be reached, while the interfacial bond strength would decrease. The variation of fiber embedded length has only a little impact upon the damage process of pullout. Finally, the test results for specimen with the polypropylene fiber is more sensitive to the changes of embedded length compared those with steel fiber

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44

Nurwidayati, Ratni, Januarti Ekaputri, Triwulan, and Priyo Suprobo. "Bond Behaviour Between Reinforcing Bars and Geopolymer Concrete By Using Pull-out Test." MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928004008.

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This paper presents the effect of the reinforcing bar diameter (db) and concrete cover thickness to reinforcing bar diameter ratio (c/db) to the bond strength between reinforcing bar and geopolymer concrete by using the experimental pull-out test. The mass ratio of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) was 2.5 with an 8 M concentration of sodium hydroxide were used in this research. Class F fly ash from Suralaya Power Station, Banten, Indonesia was used as raw material to produce geopolymer concrete. The maximum diameter of coarse aggregate was 10 mm. The result indicated that the maximum pull-out load on reinforcing bar diameter of 16 mm was higher than the diameter of 13 mm. The pull-out failure occurred on the ratio of c/db more than equal of 4.3. The bond strength increased as the ratio of c/db increased, up to 4.3. However, more than 4.3 was the insignificant effect.

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Yu, Shuisheng, Leilei Niu, and Jin Chen. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Bond Quality of Fully Grouted Rockbolt under Confining Pressure and Pull-Out Load." Shock and Vibration 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7012510.

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In mining engineering, the in situ stress changes with the stress induced by the surrounding mining activities. It positively or negatively affects the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves in rockbolts. Therefore, the effect of in situ stress in rockbolt support was determined by applying confining pressure and pull-out load in a laboratory test and using ultrasonic guided waves to test the rockbolt. Furthermore, the propagation law of ultrasonic guided waves and bond quality of the rockbolt under the interaction of the pull-out load and confining pressure were studied. Numerical simulations were performed to deduce the guided wave propagation process in grouted systems, and the influencing mechanism of the pull-out load and confining pressure on the guided wave propagation was discussed. The laboratory test and numerical simulation results show that the confining pressure weakens the guided wave propagation without pull-out load. Under the same pull-out load, the guided wave propagation gradually strengthens with increasing confining pressure. A larger confining pressure weakens the weakening effect of the pull-out load and suppresses the discreteness of the guided wave propagation. Under the same confining pressure, the guided waves did not diffract well into the cement mortar and concrete with increasing pull-out load, the confining pressure restricted the radial vibration of the guided waves, and the guided wave propagation law weakened. Thus, the pull-out load plays a weakening role in the propagation law of ultrasonic guided waves.

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Md. Noor, M. J., and M. F. Jamain. "Pull Out and Creep Behaviour of Soil Nailing – A Case Study." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 1 (2019): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v16i1.6072.

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The use of soil nails for slope strengthening is one of the popular methods since 1980s due to the attractive benefits of simple and fast installation method to reinforce cut slope. Proper assessment of the soil nail behavior between the nails and the surrounding soil will contribute to the safe and economical design of the reinforced soil structure. At present, the safety factor is adapted to soil nailing design and analysis, however, some soil nailed slope, which are designed, in compliance to the slope guidelines end up with failure. For the current knowledge, there is limited information on the loss of the shaft friction in soil nailing due to creep and the research on the behavior of the soil nail is also limited. Hence, in order to provide additional information on the behavior of the conventional soil nailing system, the bore holes and pull out test data were collected from the various projects: 1) Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 2) Penang Hill, Penang, and 3) Kajang, Selangor. This study is focused on the behavior of the soil nail under pull out test at various types of soils and different soil nails characteristics. The parameters measured are soil nail pull out resistance and displacement of soil nails under different loading. In addition, the creep behavior of the soil nail was a study based on the displacement under maintain period at maximum test load during the pullout test. The creep behavior of soil nail is causing the loss of tension in the soil nail and that affecting the performance of the engineered slope. For the study and result presented, it is clear that soil nail under certain types of soil, especially dry, poorly graded cohesionless soils or soil with high water table is creep susceptible and had a lower pull out resistance. Pull out test on soil nail installed in medium stiff clayey Silt and sandy Silt and socketed in rock is performing up to design expectation.

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Dai, Ying, Jang Kyo Kim, X. Ji, and S. T. Xue. "An Analysis of Singularity in Single Fibre Pull-Out Test Using BEM." Key Engineering Materials 145-149 (October 1997): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.145-149.595.

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Wei, Gao Feng, Guo Yong Liu, Chong Hai Xu, and Xiao Qiang Sun. "Finite Element Simulation of Perfect Bonding for Single Fiber Pull-Out Test." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.509.

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In this paper mechanical behavior of the interfacial perfect bonding between fiber-matrix composite is analyzed using a pull-out test based on the finite element simulation. The finite element method is used to calculate the interfacial stress and deformation distribution of single fiber reinforced resin matrix specimen. The transfer process of the shear stress along the fiber interface and the distribution patterns of the shear stress are studied. These results are useful to be able to predict effects on the stress transfer properties across the interface and the interfacial debonding behavior.

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Chiba, Eiichi, Akiyoshi Shinya, and Shigeo Yokozuka. "Studies on bond strength of adhesive resin cement using pull out test." Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi 32, no. 1 (1988): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2186/jjps.32.123.

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Gažovičová, Natalia, Juraj Bilčík, Ivan Hollý, and Jaroslav Halvonik. "Bond Behaviour between GFRP Reinforcement and Concrete Using a Pull-Out Test." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.232.

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Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the most often deterioration reasons of RC structures. At present, the corrosion of steel reinforcement can be avoided by using non-metallic reinforcement from composite materials, especially in structures that are exposed to extreme environmental environment. These materials are durable and non-conductive. They are composited from two materials: fibres and matrix. The most commonly used FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymers - FRP) reinforcement are glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP). The bar surface can be e.g. sanded, wrapped, with helically wound ribs. The bond between concrete and reinforcement is one of the basic requirements for the composite action of both materials. The transfer of forces between the steel reinforcement and the concrete is provided by the following mechanisms: adhesion, friction and mechanical interlocking. The bond between GFRP reinforcement and concrete is different and it is ensured by friction and mechanical interlocking of the rebar surface. The chemical bond does not originate between GFRP reinforcement and the surrounding concrete, so adhesion does not contribute to transfer of the bond forces. Some few test methods are used to determine the bond between GFRP reinforcement and concrete. The pull-out test were used to determine the bond behaviour between GFRP rebars and concrete. This paper describes the preparation, process, results and evaluation of the pull-out tests.

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