Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pulp and Fiber Technology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pulp and Fiber Technology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pulp and Fiber Technology"

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FERNANDO, DINESH, and GEOFFREY DANIEL. "Characterization of spruce thermomechanical pulps at the fiber cell wall level: a method for quantitatively assessing pulp fiber development using Simons’ stain." October 2010 9, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.10.47.

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Fiber development of mechanical pulps is normally assessed by a combination of conventional numerical analyses of fiber features using FiberMaster, PulpEye, and Kajaani instruments. When observed, changes in fiber morphology are normally subjective with use of light- and electron microscopy observations of representative fibers. Thus, visualization and quantification of changes in the fiber cell wall, like delaminaton/internal fibrillation (D/IF) induced during processing, would offer a great advantage. Here, we developed a method using Simons’ stain (SS) that allows quantification of pulp fiber development in terms of fiber wall D/IF during different process conditions, as well as statistical analysis of whole pulp fiber populations of different thermomechanical pulp (TMP) types for the degree of D/IF developed in pulp fibers. The attributes of SS for producing different colored reactions (blue, green, orange, etc.) in pulp fibers through cell wall modification during processing were used in correlation with light microscopy. The method readily measured the degree of cell wall D/IF of pulp fibers from different double-disc refined TMPs produced using varying levels of specific energy and refining pressures. The SS method revealed the presence of five sub-fiber populations in a whole pulp of a given TMP type representing different categories of fibers that possessed varying degrees of cell wall D/IF as a result of process conditions/treatments. Results of statistical analysis indicated that, while D/IF was significantly induced by both the applied refining pressure and specific energy, the effect of energy had the greatest influence. Based on statistical analysis for Bauer McNett fractions of 10, 30, and 50 mesh, we suggest that fraction 30 is the most suitable fiber fraction for the analysis of TMPs using fiber characterization procedures, as this fraction possesses the most treated fibers. The method provided useful information regarding pulp fiber development at the cell wall level that has the potential to explain pulp and paper properties developed in furnishes. The present SS method represents a valuable tool for assessing fiber development at the cell wall level in mechanical pulping.
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ARYAIE MONFARED, MOHAMMAD HADI, HOSSEIN RESALATI, ALI GHASEMIAN, and MARTIN A. HUBBE. "Passivation of pressure sensitive adhesive stickies by addition of acrylic fibers to OCC pulp before papermaking." October 2016 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.10.631.

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This study investigated the addition of acrylic fiber to old corrugated container (OCC) pulp as a possible means of overcoming adverse effects of water-based pressure sensitive adhesives during manufacture of paper or paperboard. Such adhesives can constitute a main source of stickies, which hurt the efficiency of the papermaking process and make tacky spots in the product. The highest amount of acrylic fiber added to recycled pulps generally resulted in a 77% reduction in accepted pulp microstickies. The addition of acrylic fibers also increased pulp freeness, tear index, burst strength, and breaking length, though there was a reduction in screen yield. Hence, in addition to controlling the adverse effects of stickies, the addition of acrylic fibers resulted in the improvement of the mechanical properties of paper compared with a control sample.
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GUSTAFSON, RICHARD, GAURAV RAYAL, MING QIAO, and JINGLIANG MAO. "The Nature of Single Fiber Kappa Distributions." March 2009 8, no. 3 (April 1, 2009): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj8.3.26.

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We examined the uniformity of a variety of kraft pulps with the University of Washington’s single fiber kappa analyzer (FKA). Some consistent patterns and trends with regard to pulp uniformity have emerged. This paper provides a synthesis of the significant observations we made in examining the kappa uniformity of kraft pulps. Hardwood pulps are generally more uniform than pulps from softwoods, but all the single fiber kappa distributions are broad. Virtually all softwood pulps have high kappa tails, whereas hardwood pulps have a high kappa tail only if the pulping is extremely non-uniform. Hardwood pulp kappa distributions appear to be Gaussian. Softwood pulps from commercial digesters are generally much less uniform than those made in the laboratory. The differences in uniformity in hardwood pulps from laboratory and commercial digesters are less dramatic than for softwood pulps. Hardwoods that we have examined appear to be much easier to pulp with uniformity than softwoods.
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KOUKO, JARMO, TUOMAS TURPEINEN, ARTEM KULACHENKO, ULRICH HIRN, and ELIAS RETULAINEN. "Understanding extensibility of paper: Role of fiber elongation and fiber bonding." March 2020 19, no. 3 (April 1, 2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.3.125.

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The tensile tests of individual bleached softwood kraft pulp fibers and sheets, as well as the micro-mechanical simulation of the fiber network, suggest that only a part of the elongation potential of individual fibers is utilized in the elongation of the sheet. The stress-strain curves of two actual individual pulp fibers and one mimicked classic stress-strain behavior of fiber were applied to a micromechanical simulation of random fiber networks. Both the experimental results and the micromechanical simulations indicated that fiber bonding has an important role not only in determining the strength but also the elongation of fiber networks. Additionally, the results indicate that the shape of the stress-strain curve of individual pulp fibers may have a significant influence on the shape of the stress-strain curve of a paper sheet. A large increase in elongation and strength of paper can be reached only by strength-ening fiber-fiber bonding, as demonstrated by the experimental handsheets containing starch and cellulose microfi-brils and by the micromechanical simulations. The key conclusion related to this investigation was that simulated uniform inter-fiber bond strength does not influence the shape of the stress-strain curve of the fiber network until the bonds fail, whereas the number of bonds has an influence on the activation of the fiber network and on the shape of the whole stress-strain curve.
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Han, Ying, Xin Song, Xiao Ming Xia, Hai Ming Li, and Guang Wei Sun. "Study on Pre-Hydrolysis Technology of Reed Artificial Fiber Pulp." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.119.

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The main materials of artificial fiber pulp are natural fiber from wood and linters etc. However, it will be more and more difficult to make this pulp in China because of the scarcity of forest resource and cotton field. Reed is widely distributed with high yield in china. Therefore, exploitation and utilization of reed in artificial fiber pulping have an important social significance. The artificial pulp made from reed was studied in this paper. The pulping method adopted pre-hydrolysis followed by Kraft cooking. The results showed that the great influence factors of pre-hydrolysis were the highest temperature and holding time. The optimal pre-hydrolysis conditions were: 175 °C, 75min, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:6. Under the conditions, semi-slurry yield was 60.8%. Compared with the chemical composition of reed materials, the pentosan decreased from 20.33% to 7.37%, the lignin decreased from 26.46% to 21.14%, ash decreased from 5.56% to 4.05%, besides the relative holocellulose increased from 75.95% to 81.26%. The dissolving pulp obtained after cooking and bleaching of semi-slurry met with pulp performance index requirement.
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MATSUMOTO, YUJI. "Innovation of Pulp Bleaching Technology to Minimize the Environmental Impact." Sen'i Gakkaishi 53, no. 12 (1997): P402—P406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.53.12_p402.

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HART, PETER W. "Wheat straw as an alternative pulp fiber." January 2020 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.1.41.

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The desire to market sustainable packaging materials has led to an interest in the use of various fiber types as a raw material. It has been suggested that the use of annual crops for partial replacement of wood fiber would result in more sustainable products. Several life cycle analyses (LCA) have been performed to evaluate these claims. These LCAs provided conflicting and contradictory results because of the local conditions and the spe-cific pulping processes investigated. Selected LCAs are reviewed and the underlying reasons for these conflicting results are analyzed. Of all the agriculturally sourced annual fibers available, other than wood, only straw pulp is currently available in commercial quantities. A careful review of the available data suggests that neither an annual crop nor wood are more sustainable in general. Countries that allow burning of straw after harvest present a unique situation. Each situation needs specific and direct comparisons that are not generally available. The use of straw fiber in place of wood fiber does not appear to present any advantages to either the environmental impact of production or to the final product quality. The impact of substitution of straw fiber for hardwood pulp in bleached board applications and for high yield pine in linerboard applications has been examined in handsheet studies. In general, the partial substitution of straw pulp for wood pulp does not improve the handsheet physical properties. These studies suggest that straw pulp should be used in low fiber strength requirement applications, such as tissue and molded fiber products. Commercial progress of straw pulping by Kimberly-Clark and Essity in low fiber strength requirement applications is a sign that the nonwood fiber opportunity has growth potential.
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S. LAVRYKOV, S., and B. V. RAMARAO. "Characterization of refined papermaking pulps using hydrodynamic parameters from filtration analysis." May 2015 14, no. 5 (June 1, 2015): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.5.305.

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It is often necessary to characterize papermaking pulps in order to determine the impact of refining or to predict their drainage properties. The newer methods for pulp quality analysis determine geometrical features of pulp fibers by microimaging techniques. However, features such as fiber length, coarsenes, and their distributions do not yield easily to estimation of their drainage or papermaking properties. In quantifying the impact of refining on fiber quality, it is useful to approach the rheology of pulps as an indicator of their behavior. We determined the hydrodynamic characteristics of a variety of refined pulps along with their permeability characteristics, i.e., the hydrodynamic specific surface area and the specific volume. Our method was to analyze the filtration/drainage curves and fit predictions from models with observed data. This inversion problem is usually complex and requires global minimization techniques. This paper presents data on bleached kraft hardwood pulps and mixtures with fines and how their surface areas and specific volumes change with composition. These data are further used to predict the behavior of the pulps in drainage situations using models of forming.
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Chen, Yuan, Kuizhong Shen, and Gaiyun Li. "Comprehensive evaluation of the industrial processing effects on the fiber properties of the pulps from wood residues." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0065.

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AbstractWood processing residue, as an essential forest resource, is underestimated in the industrial applications. With the development of pulping technology, fiber quality and cost control have become the important prospects. It is very crucial to investigate the influencing factors of pulping, designed to reveal the relationship between fiber separation and physical performances. In this study, a range of effect factors of large-scale pulping process, including wood species, pretreatment, mechanical conditions, and post-bleaching treatment, were comprehensively investigated. The results illustrated that the industrial pulping process affected the dimensions of the fibers, their surface morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability. The separated positions of the fibers were determined collectively by the mechanical temperature, time, and wood species. In addition, mild bleaching could effectively increase the crystallinity index, accessibility of the hydroxyl groups, and water retention values. However, it exerted a negative influence on the thermal stability. Further, chemical-assisted-refinement can replace higher temperature and prolonged ones to obtain pulp fibers with high quality while consuming less energy. Improved knowledge of how the industrial affects the fiber separation of a wood matrix and pulp quality is required as a basis for the development of the pulp and paper industry.
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GOTO, SHISEI, HIROMICHI TSUJI, ISAO ONODERA, KEIGO WATANABE, and KATSUMASA ONO. "Cavitation-jet deinking: A new technology for deinking of recovered paper." September 2014 13, no. 9 (October 1, 2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.9.9.

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A new method and in-house device for treating secondary fiber were developed. The method is based on the fluid-jet cavitation technique. In this apparatus, pulp suspension was injected into the reacting vessel by using a high-speed jet that produced cavitation bubbles around the jet. The impact of the collapse of cavitation bubbles detached ink, binder, and other contaminants from fiber surfaces. The effects of the cavitating jet (CV-jet) treatment on deinking of the pulp from mixed office waste (MOW) and old newsprint/old magazines (ONP/OMG) mixture were studied. The basic experiments on cavitation control showed that the intensity and region of cavitation were controlled by the jet velocity and the pressure difference in the reacting vessel. The CV-jet generated broad ultrasound waves; the conventional ultrasonic apparatus generated an intrinsic frequency. The MOW test results showed that CV-jet, even without chemicals and high temperature, decreased dirt speckles and reached almost the same dirt reduction level as the mill kneader. Moreover, the CV-jet minimized fiber damage during the process. This yielded pulp handsheets giving much higher paper strength compared with pulp from the kneader. The ONP/OMG test revealed that CV-jet was superior to mill disperser in terms of ink detachment and stickies dispersion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pulp and Fiber Technology"

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Biasca, James E. "Oriented fiber refining application of individual modes of mechanical action to single pulp fibers /." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989:, 1989. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/ipstetd-446/biasca%5fje.pdf.

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Carlsson, Viktoria. "Pulp compositions and their influence on the production of dialcohol cellulose." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78704.

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The characteristics of products made from pulp can be modified through different methods. If the pulp is refined either laboratory or industrially, the fibres in the pulp become more flexible and therefore creates stronger bonds to each other, which results in a final product with a higher strength. The refining process also causes the formation of small fibre pieces that are called fines, which also contribute to the increased strength. The major component in pulp is cellulose, which can be chemically modified to materials with changed properties. Periodate oxidation of cellulose results in dialdehyde cellulose that can be further reduced with sodium borohydride to obtain dialcohol cellulose, which is a material with a higher ductility compared to regular cellulose. In this thesis, different pulp compositions and their influence on the production of dialcohol cellulose (DALC) were investigated. The aim of the study was to find out how the ductility of paper sheets made from DALC were affected by the presence of fines in the pulp. Nine different pulp compositions were prepared for the modification: unrefined pulp, unrefined pulp with added fines, industrially refined pulp, dewatered industrially refined pulp, and pulp refined 1000, 3000, 5000, 10 000 and 15 000 revolutions with a PFI Mill. Paper sheets were made with a Rapid Köthen sheet former and the mechanical properties of the sheets were tested with a Zwick Roell tensile tester. The surface of the sheets were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the tensile tests showed that DALC made from unrefined pulp and DALC made from pulp highly refined with a PFI Mill, resulted in sheets with a high strain-at-break. For each increased degree of refining with the PFI Mill, the resulting DALC sheets showed an improved elongation and tensile strength. When DALC was produced from industrially refined pulp and from unrefined pulp with added fines, the resulting sheets had a lower strain-at-break. These findings indicate that the presence of fines in the pulp do have a negative effect on the ductility of the resulting DALC sheets.
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Björk, Elisabeth. "Production and application of fine fractions made of chemical pulp for enhanced paperboard strength." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, teknik och medier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-40246.

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For all kinds of paperboard packages, the bending stiffness of the paperboard is a crucial property. In multi-ply folding boxboard (FBB) grades, this is obtained by placing different stocks in the outer and centre plies of the board. In the outer plies, a stock with a high tensile stiffness is used, typically made from refined kraft pulp fibres. In the middle ply/plies a stock with more bulky properties is placed, typically comprising of a high proportion of CTMP (chemi-thermomechanical pulp). CTMP fibres are stiffer and more inflexible with poor bonding abilities resulting in low strength properties. To increase the bonding strength in the middle ply, broke, containing chemical pulp is added, and sometimes refined chemical kraft pulp as well. Both fibres and fines, i.e. smaller fibre fragments, in a pulp have a significant contribution to the properties of the product. Fines produced during refining of chemical pulp are especially beneficial for increasing the strength. To achieve pulp fraction with higher fines content the pulp can be fractionated with a micro-perforated screen basket; a fine fraction produced from a screen with very small holes will contain a large proportion of fines. By adding such a fine fraction to a middle ply stock, the bulk properties of the main pulp, for example a CTMP, can be conserved as less refining of this pulp is required to achieve the targeted strength properties. However, a drawback is that the fine fraction usually has a very low mass concentration after the screening process as a lot of water pass through the screen together with the fines and fibre fragments. The excess water must be removed to maintain the water balance of the papermaking process. Further, the larger volumes require extra pumping capacity. A resource-efficient production of a fine fraction must target a high fine fraction mass concentration and a high content of fines and short fibre fragments in order to be implemented industrially. The focus of the present work was on separation efficiency (i.e. the difference in fibre length distribution caused by screening) and process efficiency (i.e. the concentration of the fine fraction) for production of a fine fraction of chemical pulp by screening, and the utilisation of the fine fraction as strength agent. Pilot-scale fractionation trials with a pressure screen with different microperforated screen baskets were performed in order to evaluate how the separation efficiency and process efficiency were affected by parameters such as feed concentration, pulp type (hardwood or softwood kraft pulp), hole size of the screen, and refining treatment prior to screening. The trials were evaluated using fibre length distributions, flow rates and concentrations of viii the feed flow and the fractions. Here, two complementary quantitative measures, Proportion in fine fraction (for process efficiency) and Fine fraction enrichment (for separation efficiency), were developed. To evaluate the strength enhancing effect of the obtained fine fraction, a lab scale study was performed where the fine fraction of a highly refined pulp was compared with the highly refined pulp as strength agent for a CTMP. The results of this study were verified in a pilot paper machine trial. In a second pilot paper machine trial, sheets with different CTMP proportions in the middle ply were studied in order to find out if the bulk could be increased while maintaining strength, by using a fine fraction made from refined chemical pulp. Regarding process efficiency, it was found that the most important parameter to obtain a high fine fraction concentration was a high feed concentration. Further, a higher fine fraction concentration for a given screening process was also obtained when using hardwood pulp and refining the pulp prior to the screening process. A higher feed concentration also had a positive effect on the separation efficiency. Small holes and a smooth surface of the screen basket were also important to improve the separation efficiency. It was shown that, when used as a strength agent in a CTMP pulp, the fine fraction of highly refined kraft pulp was twice as efficient as the highly refined kraft pulp, when added at equal mass proportion. However, both in the lab and pilot trial the strength increase was accompanied by a decreased bulk. This was expected, and to avoid this the proportion of the bulky CTMP had to be increased. The pilot paper machine trial with an increased CTMP proportion in the middle ply and a fine fraction of refined kraft pulp as strength agent demonstrated that it was possible to produce sheets with an increased bulk and maintained z-strength.
Böjstyvheten är en viktig egenskap för alla sorters hårda förpackningar. I flerskiktskartong får man böjstyvhet genom att ha ytterskikt med hög dragstyvhet tillverkade av fibrer från kemisk massa och ett mittskikt med hög bulk från styva fibrer, ofta med en stor andel CTMP (kemitermomekanisk massa). CTMP-fibrer är styva men ger lägre styrka i arket. För att öka styrkan i mittskiktet tillsätter man utskott (kasserad kartong) som delvis innehåller kemisk massa, och ibland även ren högmald kemisk massa. Både fibrer och finmaterial (fines) har stor betydelse för slutproduktens egenskaper. Fines som skapas vid malning av kemisk massa är särskilt effektiva för att öka styrkan. Genom att fraktionera massa med en mikroperforerad sil kan man få en finfraktion med högt finesinnehåll. Mikroperforerade silar är effektiva för längdfraktionering av massa; fines anrikas i den fraktionen som passerar silen medan långa fibrer stannar i den andra fraktionen. Genom att använda en sådan finfraktion i mittskiktet kan man få tillräcklig styrka och samtidigt behålla mer av bulken från CTMP:n genom att man inte behöver mala den för att få styrka. En nackdel är att finfraktionen vanligtvis har väldigt låg masskoncentration eftersom mycket vatten passerar silen tillsammans med fines och fiberfragment. Detta extra vatten måste tas bort för att vattenbalansen i papperstillverkningsprocessen ska bibehållas. Dessutom kräver den större volymen ökad pumpkapacitet. För att kunna använda en finfraktion industriellt behövs en effektiv produktion med hög koncentration och högt finesinnehåll. Fokus i det här arbetet lades på separationseffektivitet (skillnaden i fiberlängdsfördelning som resultat av silningen) och processeffektivitet (koncentrationen i finfraktionen) för tillverkning av en finfraktion av kemisk massa genom silning samt dess utnyttjande som styrkehöjande tillsats i ett mittskikt av kartong. För att utvärdera hur separationseffektiviteten och processeffektiviteten påverkas av parametrar som koncentrationen i flödet in till silen, typ av kemisk massa (gjord av lövved eller barrved), hålstorlek i silen samt malningen av massan, gjordes fraktioneringsförsök i pilotskala med en trycksil med olika mikroperforerade silkorgar. Resultatet av fraktioneringen utvärderades med hjälp av fiberlängdsfördelningar, flöden och koncentrationer i flödet till silen och de två fraktionerna efter silen. För utvärderingen togs två olika utvärderingsmetoder fram: Proportion i finfraktionen (för processeffektivitet) och Finfraktionsanrikning (för x separationseffektivitet). För att utvärdera hur effektiv en finfraktion av kemisk massa var som styrkeadditiv i ett CTMP-ark gjordes labbförsök där tillsats av högmald kemisk massa jämfördes med tillsats av enbart en finfraktion av den högmalda kemiska massan. Resultaten verifierades med ett försök på en pilotpappersmaskin. I ett följande försök på pilotpappersmaskinen tillverkades ark med ökat CTMP-innehåll för att öka bulken, och med en tillsats av en finfraktion av kemisk massa som styrkeadditiv. När det gäller processeffektivitet var hög koncentration i flödet till silen den viktigaste parametern för att få hög koncentration på finfraktionen. Detta var också positivt för separationseffektiviteten, färre av de längre partiklarna hamnade i finfraktionen. Vidare blev finfraktionens koncentration högre för lövvedsmassa. En finfraktion som ska användas som styrkeadditiv ska vara tillverkad av mald massa, malning av massan var också fördelaktigt för finfraktionens koncentration. Små hål och en slät yta på silkorgen var också positivt för separationseffektiviteten. Som styrkeadditiv i CTMP var finfraktionen av högmald kemisk massa dubbelt så effektiv som den högmalda kemiska massan vid lika stor tillsats. Men i både labbförsök och pilotförsök minskade bulken när styrkan ökade. Det var väntat eftersom att ersätta en del av originalmassan som har hög bulk, med en finfraktion eller högmald massa, som båda har mycket lägre bulk, alltid minskar bulken på arket. För att undvika en bulkförlust måste massasammansättningen i arket ändras. Försöket på pilotpappersmaskinen med ökat CTMP innehåll och en finfraktion av mald kemisk massa som styrkeadditiv visade att det är möjligt att tillverka ett ark med högre bulk och bibehållen styrka.
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Rosdahl, Matilda. "Predicting failure distribution for varying load histories applied to paper materials." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184385.

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Paper materials are renewable and recyclable and are often used for packaging applications, e.g., as in corrugated fiberboard boxes. From an engineering perspective, paper materials can be used to construct packaging with low weight but with high relative strength. However, compared to other packaging materials, it can be a challenge to design paper-based packaging for distribution chains with demanding conditions. Boxes made from paper can be sensitive to exposure of moisture, duration of load, and dynamic forces. Along the distribution chain, boxes can be exposed to forces that could potentially cause failure before the boxes intended service life is fulfilled. Therefore, it is important to know how to predict the failure distribution for a specific combination of packaging and distribution chain so that materials with the right properties can be chosen for a given purpose and the risk of failures can be minimized. In this project, we have investigated a statistical material model developed by Bernard D. Coleman. It is based on three material parameters that describe the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a fiber-breaking behavior for an arbitrary load history. The model has been shown to work for fiber network systems subjected to constant load and constant load rate (CLR). Our purpose was to investigate if it is applicable for fiber network systems of higher structural hierarchy and for more complex load histories. To investigate this, we have performed compression tests with CLR on four different types of corrugated fiberboard and determined the material parameters. Afterward, we performed compression tests for a more complex load history. A periodic, triangular-shaped, load curve was chosen for cyclic testing. Finally, we used the material parameters from the CLR tests to determine the CDF for the periodic load cases. We compared the result with an empirical CDF. The CDFs showed to be in relatively good agreement, but there were some differences. We found that our measurements turned out to produce load history data that deviated from the intended load history. The material parameters were also shown to be less accurate than expected. Due to these deviations, we could not expect a perfect agreement between the CDFs. Therefore, we can not with certainty state that Coleman’s theory is applicable for varying load histories. However, despite the difficulties to experimentally achieve the intended load history, the results showed good agreement in several cases, and the deviations from the theory could possibly be explained by the load history deviations. To be certain, more accurate measurements with higher accuracy need to be done.
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Broberg, Henrik. "Steaming of Wood Chips - Experimental determination of heating times and effect of different parameters." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259926.

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The presteaming of wood chips is an important step in the chemical pulping industry. It removes the air from within wood chips, allowing the cooking liquor to better impregnate wood chips, which leads to a more uniform cooking process, and lowers the amount of rejects. When steaming at atmospheric pressure, it is important that the temperature of the wood chips reach 100ᴼ C, as otherwise there will be an equilibrium leaving some air left inside. Having poorly steamed chips in a process could cause severe problems when it comes to reaching the targeted kappa number, or having the adequate retention time in the digester. There are a few different ways in which the wood chips are presteamed within the industry, however, there is little experimental data regarding the heating time of wood chips that can be used when designing these systems. Most studies have mainly focused on the air removal, or improvement of the impregnation step, and the few studies that have included the heating of the wood chips were limited to only one type of wood chip, or failed to specify the experimental details. Therefore, handmade wood chips pine and birch, two tree species commonly found in Sweden, were steamed in an ATEX designed digester with a steam jacket. The wood chips had thermocouples inside them and the temperature and time was recorded, and the effect of different parameters on the heating could thus be studied.The results revealed that there could be more than a minute in average time difference between wood chips of different thicknesses, both for birch and pine, although the difference in heating time was more linearly correlated to thickness for the birch chips. Pine chips of different thickness were also studied when the pressure inside the digester was allowed to build up, which showed that it is mainly thicker chips that have reduced heating time under such circumstances, as the thinner chips stop heating for a while when the steam condensates on colder surroundings. When comparing heartwood and sapwood chips, it was noted that the difference in heating time could be around 1 minute at most for pine, but only a few seconds for birch. This was most likely due to the pine heartwood and sapwood having distinct moisture contents, 25 % and 58 % respectively, while it was 41% and 42 % in birch heartwood and sapwood. Birch and pine chips wee also steamed together, however, the difference in heating time was only a few seconds on average. When comparing these experimental results with simulation data of the steaming of wood chips, it fit rather well when it came to the general heating time. However, the effect of increased moisture content had a much larger impact in the simulations, which predicted that more moist wood chips would need several minutes more steaming time, while the experiments only showed at difference of, at most, around 1 minute. When comparing with old experimental data, that has been the basis for the design of older steaming processes, it gave very distinct results, where the effect of thickness did not have as big of an impact as in the old data. No further comparison could be made, however, as the experimental conditions for the old experimental data were not known. Based on these results, it was noted that a steaming time of at least 5 minutes would be needed to ensure that even the largest and more moist chips could reach 100ᴼ C in this system. Finally, the condensate from the handmade birch and pine chips was analyzed. It revealed the presence of low molecular weight compounds like methanol, formic acid and acetic acid. Common metal ions were also present,although the amount of sodium ions clearly surpassed the rest. The pH of the pine condensate was measured and it was very high, which implies that the condensate was contaminated.
Basning av flis är ett viktigt steg inom kemisk massaindustri. Det avlägsnar luft från flisens insida vilket gör att impregneringen av luten blir bättre, vilket i sin tur leder till en jämnare kokning och färre rejekt. När basningen sker vid atmosfärstryck är det viktigt att flisen når en temperatur på 100ᴼ C, annars kommer det finna ett jämviktstillstånd där lite luft blir kvar på insidan. Att ha otillräckligt basad flis i en process skulle kunna orsaka stora problem när det gäller att nå önskade kappatal, eller att ha en önskad retentionstid i kokaren.Basningen görs på ett par olika sätt inom industrin, men det finns väldigt lite experimentell data tillgänglig angående flisens upvärmning, som skulle kunna användas när dessa system designas. De flesta vetenskapliga studier har fokuserat på luftborttagningen eller på förbättringar av impregneringssteget, medan de få studier som inkluderat mätningar av temperaturen ofta varit begränsade till ett slags trä, eller så har de inte inkluderat detaljer kring experimentet. Därför basades handgjorda flisbitar av björk och tall från Sverige i en ATEX-designad kokare med en ångjacka. Flisen hade termoelement inuti och temperaturen samt tiden kunde avläsas, vilket gjorde det möjligt att studera effekten av olika parametrar. Resultaten visade att det kunde skilja mer än en minut i uppvärmningstid mellan flisbitar av olika tjocklekar, både för tall och björk, även fast skillnaden i uppvärmningstid var mer linjärt relaterad till tjockleken för björkflisen. Tallflisen studerades också när trycket inuti kokar tilläts stiga vilket visade att det de tjockare flisbitarnas uppvärmningstid som kortas ned mest, eftersom de tunnare flisbitarna slutar värmas upp när ångan börjar kondensera på kallare ytor runt omkring. När flis av splintved och kärnved jämfördes visade det sig att skillnaden i uppvärmningstid kunde vara omkring 1 minut för tall, men endast ett par sekunder för björk. Detta beror troligtvis på att kärnveden och splintveden i tall hade stora skillnader i fukthalt, 25 % respektive 58 %, medan det för björk var 41 % och 42%. Björkflis och tallflis basades även tillsammans men det skillde bara ett fåtal sekunder i genomsnitt i uppvärmningstid. När den experimentella datan jämfördes med data från simuleringar visade det sig att de stämmer väl överens när det gäller uppvärmningstiden i allmänhet. Å andra sidan förutspådde simuleringsdatan att en ökad fukthalt skulle leda till flera minuters skillnad i uppvärmningstid, medan endast 1 minuts skillnad uppmättes. När jämförelser gjordes med gammal experimentell data som använts som grund för tidigare processers design, var resultaten ganska olika eftersom den gamla datan visade en större effekt av ökad tjocklek än den som uppmättes.Tyvärr kunde inte fler jämförelser göras eftersom detaljerna kring experimentet bakom den gamla datan inte var kända. Slutligen analyserades även kondensatet från de handgjorda flisbitarna av tall och björk. Det visade att det fanns små mängder av små polära organiska ämnen, såsom metanol, myrsyra och ättiksyra. Vanliga metalljoner detekterades också, där mängden natrium var klart större än övriga metalljoner. Tallkondensatets pH mättes och det visade sig vara väldigt högt, något som tyder på att det troligtvis var förorenat.
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6

de, Mourgues Marius. "Composite Cellulose Nanofibrils Filaments." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277919.

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Biodegradable polymers are emerging as a new solution to satisfy the increasing demand of greenenvironmentally friendly material. At the same time, the interest for lighter and stronger structures never stops growing. In this paper, we report the production steps to achieve cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) composite filaments via a new green synthesis route known as wet spinning. This new technique avoids the traditional harmful viscose process and produces biodegradable CNF filaments with interesting mechanical properties. This approach is then applied to produce never seen before composite CNF filaments using a three-layered head extruder. In order to obtain conductive filaments, PEDOT/PPS is successfully mixed with CNF to produce in-situ composite filaments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force measurements and tensile tests are employed to characterize the properties of the filaments.
Biologiskt nedbrytbara polymerer börjar framträda som en lösning för det ökade behovet avmiljövänliga material. Samtidigt så växer intresset för lättare och starkare strukturer. I denna rapport tar vi upp produktionsstegen för att uppnå nanofibril komposit cellulosa fibrer (CNF), med hjälp av en ny grön polymerisation mest känd som ”wet spinning”. Med denna nya teknik så behövs inte dem traditionella miljöfarliga viskosprocesserna och man producerar biologiskt nedbrytbara CNF filaments med intressanta mekaniska egenskaper. Denna metod appliceras sen för att producera en komposit som aldrig setts innan. CNF fibrer som består av tre lager ”head-extruder”. För att få fibrer med ledningsförmåga så mixas PEDOT/PPS med CNF för att producera ”in-situ komposit fibrer”. Svepelektronmikroskop (SEM), atomkraftsmikroskopi och töjningstester används för att karaktärisera egenskaperna av fibrerna.
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7

Fivaz, Erika. "Evaluation of joint formation on cellulosic surfaces." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277912.

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Environmental issues are more and more present in our societies. Pollution engendered by plastic waste have drastically increased these past decades, causing several threats to the ecosystem. Therefore, the need of new biodegradable plastics to replace the actual petroleum-based ones is urgent. Cellulose could be a potential substitute since it is a biopolymer, abundant on Earth. However its properties have to be enhanced to be competitive towards actual plastics. The aim of the project is therefore to get a better understanding of cellulose-cellulose interactions. It focuses on the adhesion between cellulosic surfaces. Contact adhesion measurements have been performed on cellulose beads, with different treatments. All the beads had the same size and same concentration. Some of them were native whereas others were charged (600 µeq/g). Half of the native beads were surface modified with a starch coating or a Layer by Layer technique using cationic starch and an anionic polyelectrolyte (EXPN64 or FennoBond 85E). The project included preparation of the surface modified beads, pull-off tests, where load and position were recorded as a function of time, as well as measurements of the contact area. It was found that a higher energy was needed to separate charged and surface modified beads, especially the ones modified with EXPN 64, compared to native beads. The project have also shown that the types of beads influenced the contact area and the strength. However a trend was sometimes difficult to find. The data and results obtained in this project could be further re-used to enlarge the study field and investigate the influence of other parameters (size, concentration) on the adhesion of cellulose beads.
Miljöfrågor är mer och mer närvarande i våra samhällen. plastavfall har ökat drastiskt de senaste decennierna och orsakat flera hot mot ekosystemet. Därför är behovet av ny biologiskt nedbrytbar plast för att ersätta de petroleumbaserade brådskande. Cellulosa kan vara en potentiell ersättare eftersom det är en biopolymer. Emellertid måste dess egenskaper förbättras för att vara konkurrenskraftiga gentemot petroleumbaserad plast. Syftet med projektet är därför att bättre förstå cellulosa-cellulosa-interaktioner. Den fokuserar på vidhäftningen mellan cellulosaytor. Kontaktvidhäftningsmätningar har utförts på cellulosapärlor med olika behandlingar. Alla pärlor hade samma storlek och koncentration. Vissa av dem var naturliga medan andra laddades (600 µeq/g). Projektet inkluderade beredning av ytmodifierade pärlor, utdragningstester, där belastning och position registrerades som en funktion av tiden, samt mätningar av kontaktområdet. Det visade sig att högre energi behövdes för att separera laddade och ytmodifierade pärlor, särskilt de modifierade med EXPN 64, jämfört med tonativa pärlor. Projektet har också visat att typerna av pärlor påverkade kontaktområdet och styrkan. Men en trend var ibland svår att hitta. Uppgifterna och resultaten som erhållits i detta projekt kan vidare användas för att förstora studiefältet och undersöka påverkan av andra parametrar (storlek, koncentration) på vidhäftningen av cellulosapärlor.
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Marin, Gustav. "On the relation between paperboard properties and packaging performance." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287377.

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Paper-based materials, such as paperboard, are commonly used as packaging materials. Inaddition to the advantage that wood as a raw material is renewable, there are also many otherbenefits of paperboard. From a mechanical point of view, paperboard has a high bendingstiffness compared to its relatively low weight and has a high foldability, which both areproperties of significance in the design of packages. However, a distinct drawback withpaperboard is its significant sensitivity to moisture. The moisture reduces the mechanicalproperties of the paperboard and consequently reduces the performance of the package. Thisthesis is starting with an investigation of the relation between moisture and differentmechanical properties on a continuum material level, and then these relations are applied onthe packaging design level through experimental testing and simulations. In Paper A, a material characterization was performed on a series of five paperboards withdifferent grammages from the same producer. Five types of mechanical tests to characterizethe paperboards’ material properties were performed: • In-plane tensile test, • Out-of-plane tensile test, • Short-span Compression Test (SCT), • Bending stiffness test, • Double-notch shear test. All tests were performed at several levels of relative humidity (RH). Linear relations betweenthe mechanical properties normalized with their respective value at 50 % RH and moistureratio were found. Paper B examined whether the linear relationships discovered in Paper A are true also forother paperboard series as well. Therefore, 15 paperboards from four producers wereinvestigated in this study, at the same levels of RH as before. Here, the in-plane stiffnessesand strengths and SCT-values were evaluated as a function of moisture. When also themoisture ratios in the investigated paperboards were normalized, it turned out that allpaperboards followed the same linear relationship between normalized mechanical propertyand normalized moisture ratio. Additionally, a bilinear elastic-plastic in-plane model wasdeveloped, that can predict the stress-strain relation of an arbitrary paperboard at an arbitrarymoisture level, and without requiring any mechanical testing except at standard condition(50% RH, 23 °C). In Paper C, this relation was used to estimate input material parameters for simulating a BoxCompression Test (BCT) at different moisture levels. The result showed that it was possibleto accurately predict the load-compression curve of a BCT when moisture was accountedfor.
Som förpackningsmaterial betraktat är pappersbaserade material, som exempelvis kartong,väldigt intressanta material. Utöver att råvaran trä är förnyelsebar finns även många andrafördelar med kartong. Ur ett mekaniskt perspektiv är kartong exempelvis väldigt styv iförhållande till sin vikt och har generellt väldigt hög vikbarhet, vilket båda är egenskaper somlämpar sig väl för en förpackning. En klar nackdel med kartong är dess känslighet för fukt.Fukten reducerar kartongens mekaniska egenskaper, vilket följaktligen leder till attförpackningens prestanda försämras. I den här licentiatavhandlingen undersöktes initialtsambanden mellan fukt och mekaniska egenskaper på materialnivå, för att sedan överförasambanden till förpackningsnivå genom experimentell provning och simuleringar. I Artikel A utfördes en materialkaraktärisering på en kartongserie innehållande femkartonger med varierande ytvikter från samma tillverkare. Fem typer av mekaniska provgenomfördes för att karaktärisera kartongernas respektive materialegenskaper: • Dragprov (i planet), • Dragprov (ut ur planet), • Korta kompressionsprov (SCT), • Böjstyvhetsprov, • Skjuvprofilsprov. Samtliga prov utfördes vid flera olika nivåer av relativ fuktighet (RH). Linjära relationermellan mekanisk egenskap normerad med motsvarande värde vid 50 % RH och fuktnoterades. I Artikel B undersöktes huruvida de linjära sambanden som upptäcktes i Artikel A stämmeräven för andra kartongserier. 15 kartonger från fyra producenter undersöktes därför i dennastudie vid samma fukthalter som tidigare. I den här studien undersöktes endast dragprov iplanet, samt SCT. När även fuktkvoterna i de undersökta kartongerna normerades visade detsig att alla kartonger följde samma linjära relation mellan normerad mekanisk egenskap ochnormerat fuktinnehåll. Utöver detta utvecklades en bilinjär elastisk-plastisk i-planet-modellsom kan prediktera en godtycklig kartongs spännings-töjningsförhållande för godtyckligfuktnivå, utan att någon mekanisk provning utöver standardklimat (50 % RH, 23 °C) behöver genomföras. I Artikel C utnyttjades det linjära sambandet mellan mekanisk egenskap och fuktkvot genomatt prediktera de ingående materialegenskaperna som användes vid simuleringar avboxkompressionsprovning vid olika fuktnivåer. Simuleringarna jämfördes med experimentellprovning och visade sig kunna prediktera experimentella resultat vid olika fukthalter bra.
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9

Magnusson, Mikael S. "Testing and Evaluation of Interfibre Joint Strength under Mixed-Mode Loading." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-116700.

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The failure properties of interfibre bonds are the key for the build-up of strength in fibrous materials such as paper and paperboard. In order to tailor the properties of such materials by chemical or mechanical treatments and to learn how such modifications influence the properties at a microscopic level, direct measurement of individual fibre--fibre crosses are typically performed. However, the state of loading in the interfibre joint, in testing of individual fibre--fibre crosses, is in general very complex and a greater understanding for how to evaluate the mechanical properties of interfibre joints is desirable. In Paper A, a method for manufacturing multiple fibre--fibre cross specimens and a procedure for testing interfibre joints at different modes of loading is presented. The method is applied to investigate the strength of fibre-fibre crosses with different geometry and at two principally different modes of loading. Also, an investigation on the influence of drying pressure, the drying method as well as a comparison of pulp fibres from two different degrees of refining is presented. The force at rupture is scaled in terms of different geometric parameters; nominal overlap area, length and width of the joint region. It is shown that neither of the methods of scaling unambiguously reduced the coefficient of variation of the mean strength and that the force at rupture in a peeling type of loading was about 20% of the ones tested in the conventional shearing type of loading. In Paper B, a procedure for evaluating interfibre joint strength measurements in terms of resultant forces and moments at rupture is presented. The method is applied to investigate the state of loading in fibre-fibre crosses tested in two principally different modes of loading. It is shown that for a typical interfibre joint test, the modes of loading other than pure shear, cannot in general be neglected and is strongly dependent on the structural geometry of the fibre-fibre crosses. Also, the stress state in the interface centroid was estimated in order to quantify how the mode of loading influence the amount of normal stresses that develop in relation to the amount of shear stresses in the interfibre joint.
De brottmekaniska egenskaperna hos fiberfogar är nyckeln för uppbyggnaden av styrka hos fibrösa material såsom papper och kartong. För att effektivt skräddarsy sådana materials egenskaper genom kemisk eller mekanisk behandling och för att förstå hur sådana modifieringar påverkar egenskaperna på en mikroskopisk nivå är provning av individuella fiber-fiber-kors en allmänt använd metod. Belastningen i en fiberfog vid provning av individuella fiber-fiber kors är dock generellt mycket komplicerad och ytterligare kunskap om hur fiberfogars mekaniska egenskaper skall utvärderas är önskvärd. I Artikel A, presenteras en metod för samtidig tillverkning av flera fiber-fiber kors samt en metod för mekanisk provning av dessa med olika typer av belastning. Metoden tillämpades för att studera styrkan av fiber-fiber-kors med olika geometri och vid två olika lastfall. En undersökning av hur torktrycket, torkmetoden samt graden av malning inverkar på fogstyrkan presenteras. De uppmätta brottlasterna skalades med olika karakteristiska längder för fogen; nominell överlapparea samt fogens längd och bredd. Resultaten visade att ingendera av normaliseringsmetoderna reducerade variationskoefficienten (av medelvärdet av styrkan) samt att brottlasten för en globalt fläkande belastning var omkring 20 % av brottlasten för prov utförda med den konventionella skjuvande belastningen. I Artikel B, presenteras en metod för utvärdering av mätningar av styrkan hos fiberfogar med hänseende på kraft- och moment- resultanterna i gränsytan mellan fibrerna. Metoden används för att studera belastningsmoden hos fiber-fiber--kors provade i två principiellt olika lastfall. Resultaten visar att för ett typiskt fiberfogsprov av isolerade fiber-fiber-kors med långa fria fibersegment, så kan inte belastningsmoderna vid sidan av skjuvning försummas och att de är starkt beroende av fiber-fiber-korsets geometri. För att kunna jämföra fiberfogar av olika storlek och kvantifiera förhållandet mellan normal- och skjuvbelastningen i fogen skalades de resulterande krafterna och momenten med tvärsnittsstorheter baserade på en approximation av fogareans utformning.

QC 20130125


BiMaC Innovation
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10

Svensson, Anna. "Nanocomposites made from nanoporous cellulose fibre." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fiberteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103342.

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This thesis explores how to use the dry nanoporous structure of cellulosic fibres in new types of composite materials. A large effort was also given on how to correctly characterize the structure of fibres where the wet structure has been preserved also in the dry state. Delignified wood fibres have an open fibrillar structure in their water-swollen state. In the present work, this open fibrillar structure was preserved in the dry state by performing a liquid exchange procedure and the samples were thereafter carefully dried with Ar(g). The samples of never-dried TEMPO-oxidized dissolving pulp had a specific surface area of 130 m2/g in the dry state, as measured using the Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET) Nitrogen gas adsorption method. This open structure was also revealed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The water-swollen and dry open structures were thoroughly characterized for various pulps. A new method for determining the pore size of water-swollen delignified cellulosic fibres is presented. By combining the results from solid state nuclear magnetic resonance NMR, measuring the specific surface area [m2/g] in the water-swollen state, with fibre saturation point (FSP), measuring the pore volume of fibres in water-swollen state [mass water/mass fibre], the average pore size can be determined without the need of assuming a certain pore geometry. The dry nanoporous structure was then used as a scaffold for in-situ polymerization, to demonstrate how the properties of the fibrils in the fibre wall can be exploited without the need to disintegrate the fibre wall. Both poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(butylacrylate) (PBA) were successfully used as the polymeric matrix, and both nanocomposites (i.e., fibre/PMMA and fibre/PBA) had a fibre content of approximately 20 w%. The structure of the composites was characterized using SEM and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) operated in the phase imaging mode. The AFM results indicate that the cellulose aggregates and polymeric matrix were successfully mixed on a nanoscale, creating a nanocomposite of interpenetrating polymer molecules and cellulose fibrils, rather than a microcomposite, when using microscopic cellulose fibres. The water absorption capacity of the nanocomposites was reduced significantly, indicating that almost all nanopores in the fibre wall were successfully filled with matrix polymer. The mechanical properties were investigated, showing the importance of nanosized reinforcement compared to fibres of micrometer size.

QC 20121011

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Books on the topic "Pulp and Fiber Technology"

1

Grattan, K. T. V. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995.

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Grattan, K. T. V., and B. T. Meggitt, eds. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1210-9.

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Grattan, K. T. V., and B. T. Meggitt, eds. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6077-4.

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Grattan, K. T. V., and B. T. Meggitt, eds. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6079-8.

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Grattan, K. T. V., and B. T. Meggitt, eds. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6081-1.

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Cusano, Andrea, Marco Consales, Alessio Crescitelli, and Armando Ricciardi, eds. Lab-on-Fiber Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06998-2.

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Grattan, K. T. V., and B. T. Meggitt, eds. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2484-5.

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Grattan, K. T. V., and B. T. Meggitt, eds. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5787-6.

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T, Meggitt B., ed. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology: Devices and Technology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998.

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McKenna, H. A. Handbook of fiber rope technology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pulp and Fiber Technology"

1

Kawakatsu, H., S. Ide, K. Koga, Y. Okuda, and S. Shirahata. "Hydroxyapatite-pulp composite fiber sheet bed: A new material for the continuous culture of CHO-K1 cells." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 97–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0728-2_18.

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Ilvessalo-Pfäffli, Marja-Sisko. "Identification of Wood Species in Pulp." In Fiber Atlas, 33–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07212-7_4.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Fiber Modification." In Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing, 159–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1409-4_10.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Fiber Modification." In Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing, 241–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7853-8_12.

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Achaw, Osei-Wusu, and Eric Danso-Boateng. "Pulp and Paper Technology." In Chemical and Process Industries, 171–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79139-1_6.

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Personick, Stewart D. "Technology Overview." In Fiber Optics, 3–5. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3478-9_1.

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Mitschke, Fedor. "Components for Fiber Technology." In Fiber Optics, 117–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03703-0_8.

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Personick, Stewart D. "Emerging Technology and Applications." In Fiber Optics, 241–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3478-9_14.

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Mitschke, Fedor. "Components for Fiber Technology." In Fiber Optics, 133–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52764-1_8.

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Weik, Martin H. "fiber optic technology." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 597. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_7027.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pulp and Fiber Technology"

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Kasai, Yohei, Takuya Aizawa, and Daiichiro Tanaka. "High-power fiber-coupled pump lasers for fiber lasers." In High-Power Diode Laser Technology XVI, edited by Mark S. Zediker. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288139.

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Umesh, Sharath, Asokan Sundarrajan, Adarsh Bhat, Aadarsh Koratagere, and Jayanth N. Ravi. "In-vitro measurement of temperature increase in pulp chamber with light cured composite resins using fiber Bragg grating thermal sensor." In 2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2013.6727649.

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Ward, Benjamin G. "BPM study of pump modulation effects on mode instability." In Fiber Lasers XVIII: Technology and Systems, edited by Michalis N. Zervas and Cesar Jauregui-Misas. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2577755.

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Stihler, Christoph, Cesar Jauregui-Misas, Andreas Tünnermann, and Jens Limpert. "The impact of pump-power noise on transverse mode instabilities." In Fiber Lasers XVI: Technology and Systems, edited by Liang Dong and Adrian L. Carter. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509712.

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Berendt, Martin O., Hugo Barbosa, and Miguel Melo. "Gain clamping by predictive model pump control in MOPA fiber laser." In Fiber Lasers XVI: Technology and Systems, edited by Liang Dong and Adrian L. Carter. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510680.

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Tench, Robert E., Jean-Marc Delavaux, and Clement Romano. "Novel highly efficient in-band pump wavelengths for Ho-doped fiber amplifiers." In Fiber Lasers XVIII: Technology and Systems, edited by Michalis N. Zervas and Cesar Jauregui-Misas. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2578315.

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Tench, Robert E., Clément Romano, and Jean-Marc Delavaux. "Optimized design and performance of a shared pump single clad 2 µm TDFA." In Fiber Lasers XV: Technology and Systems, edited by Adrian L. Carter and Ingmar Hartl. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2286933.

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Bansal, Lalitkumar, Robert Sienkowski, Jose Pincha, S. Rosario, Christopher Neale, Joel D. Mann, and Clifford E. Headley. "Passively cooled pump signal combiners at 2.1 kW for fiber laser and amplifier systems." In Fiber Lasers XVII: Technology and Systems, edited by Liang Dong and Michalis N. Zervas. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2549728.

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Wang, Biao, Lu Pang, Jun Liu, and Li Wang. "Single mode 1.6kW pump-gain integrated fiber." In Sixth Symposium on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Application, edited by Huilin Jiang and Junhao Chu. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2564899.

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Ramírez Martínez, Norberto J., Miguel M. A. Núñez Velázquez, and Jayanta K. Sahu. "Efficient cladding pump Tm:Ho co-doped fiber laser for operation in the 2.1 microns region." In Fiber Lasers XVII: Technology and Systems, edited by Liang Dong and Michalis N. Zervas. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2546007.

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Reports on the topic "Pulp and Fiber Technology"

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Holmes, B. L., and M. A. Janney. Ceramic fiber filter technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/450754.

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Milnes, M., L. C. Baylor, and S. Bave. Fiber-Optic Sensing Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/405754.

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Fridman, Alexander A., Alexander Gutsol, Lawrence A. Kennedy, Alexei V. Saveliev, Sergey V. Korobtsev, Valery L. Shiryaevsky, and Dmitry Medvedev. Pulsed Corona Plasma Technology for Treating VOC Emissions from Pulp Mills. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826442.

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Johnson, A. J. Reviews of computing technology: Fiber distributed data interface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10136392.

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Johnson, A. J. Reviews of computing technology: Fiber distributed data interface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7026271.

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Johnson, A. J. Reviews of computing technology: Fiber distributed data interface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5350782.

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Day, G. W. Fiber optic and sensor technology support. Project progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/71361.

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Johnson, A. J. Reviews of computing technology: Fiber distributed data interface. Revision. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173261.

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Nielsen, J. M., G. F. Pinder, T. J. Kulp, and S. M. Angel. Investigation of dispersion in porous media using fiber-optic technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191395.

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Nielsen, J. M., G. F. Pinder, T. J. Kulp, and S. M. Angel. Investigation of dispersion in porous media using fiber-optic technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7016099.

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