Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pulpwod

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pulpwod'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pulpwod"

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Fowler, Gary W. "Individual Tree Volume Equations for Red Pine in Michigan." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/14.2.53.

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Abstract New total, pulpwood, sawtimber, and residual pulpwood cubic foot individual tree volume equations were developed for red pine in Michigan using nonlinear and multiple linear regression. Equations were also developed for Doyle, International 1/4 in., and Scribner bd ft volume, and a procedure for estimating pulpwood and residual pulpwood rough cord volumes from the appropriate cubic foot equations was described. Average ratios of residual pulpwood (i.e., topwood, cubic foot or cords) to mbf were developed for 7.6 and 9.6 in. sawtimber. Data used to develop these equations were collected during May-August 1983-1985 from 3,507 felled and/or standing trees from 27 stands in Michigan. Sixteen and 11 stands were located in the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, respectively. All equations were validated on an independent data set. Rough cord volume estimates based on the new pulpwood equation were compared with contemporary tables for 2 small cruise data sets. The new equations can be used to more accurately estimate total volume and volume per acre when cruising red pine stands. North. J. Appl. For. 14(2):53-58.
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Guo, Zhimei, Donald G. Hodges, and Robert C. Abt. "Forest Biomass Supply for Bioenergy Production and Its Impacts on Roundwood Markets in Tennessee." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/35.2.80.

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Abstract The use of forest biomass as an alternative source for bioenergy production has become a significant issue in Tennessee. This study used the Sub-Regional Timber Supply model to analyze the regional aggregate forest biomass feedstock potential and the impacts of additional pulpwood demand on the regional roundwood market through 2030. Two scenarios examined the impacts of building a biorefinery facility of 20 and 50 million gallons annual capacity in the state in 2015. The third scenario investigated the impacts of an Energy Information administration (EIA) reference case. The projection results suggest that there is sufficient hardwood pulpwood supply for a 50 million gallon biorefinery facility in Tennessee. It is possible to meet the increased demand of the EIA reference case without affecting the hardwood pulpwood market in the short run, but not in the distant future. The additional demand for softwood pulpwood will affect the softwood market substantially, but the impacts on the hardwood market are comparatively small. Hence, it is more feasible to increase the use of hardwood pulpwood for renewable energy rather than softwood pulpwood. These results will be very helpful in sustainably supplying forest biomass for bioenergy production in Tennessee.
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Angelo, Humberto, Tomas V. Angelo, Alexandre N. de Almeida, Pedro G. A. Vasconcelos, Mauro Magliano, Alexandre A. Brasil, Álvaro N. de Souza, and Eder P. Miguel. "An econometric model for demand of pulpwood market in Brazil." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2244.

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The pulp industry has a great importance to the economy of Brazil and despite of being one of the biggest producer in the world this industry is still expanding in the country. In spite of the importance of the planted forests as main source for the pulp industry and other products, pulpwood for the cellulose market has received little attention in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this research is the study of pulpwood demand in Brazil from 1994 to 2016, using econometric tools, where the demand equation was specified and adjusted by the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results showed that pulpwood price and the capacity of the pulp industry explain the pulpwood demand with good econometric results. The pulpwood demand is inelastic to price fluctuations and elastic to installed capacity. These results are consistent with the international estimations and they can assist projecting policies that promote more rational and sustainable management of the wood and consequently the forests.
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Brännlund, Runar, Monica Göransson, and Karl Gustaf Löfgren. "The effects on the short-run supply of wood from subsidized regeneration measures: an econometric analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-151.

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Using an econometric model of the sawtimber and pulpwood market in price region 1 (the northern part of Sweden), it is considered whether the subsidies paid to regeneration costs in this region since the end of the 1960's have had any measurable short-run effect on wood supply. Two interrelated markets are introduced, a sawtimber market and a pulpwood market. The sawtimber market is modelled as a competitive market, while the pulpwood market is treated as a monopsonistic market structure. The model shows a good fit and the subsidies seem to have had a significant negative effect on sawtimber supply and an insignificant negative effect on pulpwood supply. The paper ends with a discussion of possible reasons for this somewhat unexpected result.
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Granskog, James E., and Kevin D. Crowther. "Weighted South-Wide Average Pulpwood Prices." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/15.2.100.

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Abstract Weighted average prices provide a more accurate representation of regional pulpwood price trends when production volumes vary widely by state. Unweighted South-wide average delivered prices for pulpwood, as reported by Timber Mart-South, were compared to average annual prices weighted by each state' s pulpwood production from 1977 to 1986. Weighted average prices for pine roundwood and pine chips were significantly higher than unweighted averages; for hardwood roundwood and hardwood chips, there was no significant difference between the weighted and unweighted average prices. South. J. Appl. For. 15(2):100-102
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Nordvall, Hans‐Olof. "Determinants of Swedish pulpwood imports." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589609382929.

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Ghaffariyan, Mohammad Reza, and Eloïse Dupuis. "Analysing the Impact of Harvesting Methods on the Quantity of Harvesting Residues: An Australian Case Study." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091212.

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Many parameters can influence the weight of harvesting residues per hectare that remain on plantation sites after extracting sawlogs and pulpwoods. This study aimed at quantifying the impact of the cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting methods on the weight of harvesting residues using 26 case studies in Australian plantations. A database was created using case studies conducted in different plantations, to measure the weight of harvesting residues per hectare and the components of harvesting residues. An analysis of variance was applied to test the impact made by the harvesting methods. The results confirmed that the cut-to-length harvesting method produced a larger weight of residues (104.0 tonnes of wet matter per hectare (tWM/ha) without additional biomass recovery and 64.7 tWM/ha with additional biomass recovery after sawlog/pulpwood extraction) than the whole-tree harvesting method (12.5 tWM/ha). The fraction test showed that stem wood formed the largest proportion of the harvesting residues in cut-to-length sites and needles were the largest component of the pine harvesting residues in sites cleared by the whole-tree harvesting method. The outcomes of this study could assist plantation managers to set proper strategies for harvesting residues management. Future research could study the impact of product type, silvicultural regime, stand quality, age, equipment, etc., on the weight of harvesting residues.
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Conrad, L. William, Thomas J. Straka, and William F. Watson. "Economic Evaluation of Initial Spacing for a 30-Year-Old Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantation." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/16.2.89.

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Abstract Three initial spacings from a 30-year-old unthinned loblolly pine plantation were evaluated to estimate the historical returns achieved at various rotation lengths and for the impact of single and multiple products. The plantation was established on a well-drained interior flatwoods clay site in North Central Mississippi. Historic rates of return using actual price and cost data are reported. Generally, the optimum pulpwood rotation was 20 yr, and optimum sawtimber rotation was 30 yr. Wider spacings produced higher returns for both pulpwood and sawtimber rotations. When multiple products were considered (joint production of sawtimber, chip-n-saw, and pulpwood), greater returns than the single product rotations were obtained, and wider spacings consistently produced higher economic returns. South. J. Appl. For. 16(2):89-93.
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Parajuli, Rajan, Shaun Tanger, Robert Abt, and Fred Cubbage. "Subregional Timber Supply Projections with Chip-n-Saw Stumpage: Implications for Southern Stumpage Markets." Forest Science 65, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz044.

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Abstract Softwood chip-n-saw (CNS), an intermediate stumpage product between sawtimber and pulpwood, has become a mainstay in southern timber markets in recent years. Most of the previous studies in southern timber markets primarily focused on pulpwood and sawtimber markets, and often overlooked CNS as a standalone timber product. Using the Subregional Timber Supply model, this study examines the dynamics of sawtimber- and pulpwood-dominated softwood stumpage markets with growing CNS markets in the US South. Results suggest that South-wide CNS inventory increases over the short run but begins to decrease by 2024, which leads to CNS prices rising over the years. The projected trends vary widely from one wood basket to another. This study provides additional nuance to future prospects of southern timber markets.
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Stier, Jeffrey C., Thomas W. Steele, and Robert J. Engelhard. "Pulpwood Procurement Practices in the Wisconsin-Upper Michigan Pulp and Paper Industry." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.1.10.

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Abstract Pulpwood constitutes the largest component of the annual timber harvest in Wisconsin. A study was conducted in 1983-84 to determine how pulp mills in Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan obtain their pulpwood supplies and how pulpwood procurement practices have changed over the past two decades. Results indicate that mills rely strongly upon public and private sources of timber, that they are highly dependent on truck transportation of wood supplies, and that they have built up strong procurement departments with links to a broad base of pulpwood producers. Competition and the emphasis on better business practices have increased in recent years as evidenced by the consolidation of woodsheds and greater attention to inventories and promotion of company-sponsored tree farms, especially among those firms that rely on the relatively more scarce long-fibered softwoods. Future procurement strategies suggest possible greater reliance on short-haul rail transportation in those situations where favorable rates can be obtained and expanded use of satellite chipping plants as a vehicle for ensuring a regular wood supply and reducing inventory costs. North. J. Appl. For. 3:10-14, Mar. 1986.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pulpwod"

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Spångberg, Kalle. "Sorting Norway spruce pulpwood /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5616-9.gif.

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Polyakov, Maksym. "Interregional aspects of timber inventory projections." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2004%20Fall/Dissertations/POLYAKOV_MAKSYM_42.pdf.

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Liao, Xianchun. "Essays of forestry investments in the US and stumpage markets in the US South." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/LIAO_XIANCHUN_33.pdf.

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Persson, Erik. "Storage of spruce pulpwood : effects on wood and mechanical pulp /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6090-5.pdf.

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Nilsson, Mats. "Imports of pulpwood and chips to Sweden : an economics analysis." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17215.

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Ackerman, Pierre Alexander. "An investigation into the shorthaul transport of pulpwood in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52115.

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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ackerman PA. 2001. An Investigation into the Shorthaul Transport of Pulpwood in South Africa. M.Sc. in Forestry thesis. University of Stellenbosch. 178 pp Shorthaul transport also known as secondary intermediate transport (SIT), a unique feature of pulpwood transport in South Africa, is an additional transport phase within traditional secondary transport. SIT originates at a roadside landing or depot and terminates at another depot, rail siding or merchandising area (not the final destination). The reason for the addition of SIT into the transport chain is identified as the steady decline of forest road conditions to the extent that highway vehicles are unable to reach roadside landings, necessitating the use of intermediate storage sites, from where the timber is once again loaded and transported to final destination. An industry survey established that the decline of forest road conditions are related to excessively high road densities, insufficient funding for road maintenance/upgrading and the lack of understanding by landowners of the importance of maintaining forest road infrastructure. Total funding, by pulpwood companies on roads have shown an increase of R18.55 million from 1997 to 2000, however, subsequent surveys have indicated, that despite this increase in funding, the forest road conditions continue deteriorating. Of the total annual pulpwood intake of 9.39 million tonnes for 1998, 3.7 million tonnes are subject to SIT. Of this 3.7 million tonnes, 2.5 million tonnes are transported from stump to depot and 1.2 million tonnes are transported from landing to depot. The survey identified the agricultural tractor and semi-trailer as the most favoured transport system between stump or landing and depot, responsible for transporting 2.22 million tonnes annually. For 1998, manual loading and three wheel log loaders accounted for the loading of 0.6 and 2.1 million tonnes respectively of the 3.7 million tonnes subject to SIT. This survey information, assisted by newly developed terminology, was used to develop transport scenarios for the economic analysis of total cost of the different transport phases. A network analysis model and pixel-based geographic information system (GIS) were combined to analyse the various transport scenarios within three study areas in the KwaZulu/Natal Midlands, employing SIT on poor, high-density road networks. The simple pixel-based GIS contained information on the forest road network, surface cover and slopes. The results of the economic analysis highlighted the need for the reduction of road network density and for the improvement of the remaining network. This would eliminate the need for extended primary transport and allow the use of highway vehicles transporting from the compartment roadside to and past plantation exits. Results show an average annual cost penalty to the industry, by maintaining SIT, to be R43.25 million or R8.24/m3 . By not employing SIT the industry will potentially save R4.60 for every tonne of the 9.4 million tonnes consumed by the pulpwood processing plants during 1998. Key words: Network analysis. Pixel-based GIS. Timber transport. Secondary transport. Secondary intermediate transport. Secondary terminal transport. Extended primary transport. Primary transport. Dirichlet tessellations. Shorthaul. Note: Throughout this document a full stop (.) is used as a decimal separator.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ackerman PA. 2001.'n Ondersoek na die kortafstand vervoer van pulphout in Suid- Afrika. MSc in Bosbou tesis. Universiteit van Stellenbosch. 178 pp. sekondere intermediere vervoer (SIV), 'n addisionele vervoer-fase binne tradisionele sekondere houtvervoer, is 'n unieke kenmerk van pulphout vervoer in Suid-Afrika. SIV begin op pad, by 'n spesifieke vak of depot en eindig by 'n ander depot, syspoor of verwerkingsgebied (nie die finale bestemming nie). Aangesien die toestand van bospaaie toenemend verswak en omdat swaarpadvervoer nie langer vakke kan bereik nie, word vervoerkontrakteurs al hoe meer gedwing om van depots gebruik te maak waarheen hout deur middel van SIV vervoer moet word. Die hout word dan weer daar gelaai en na 'n verwerkingsfabriek vervoer deur middel van swaarpadvervoer. 'n Landwye opname het getoon dat die swak toestand van bospaaie toegeskryf kan word aan oormatige paddigthede, onvoldoende befondsing vir die instandhouding/ opgradering van paaie en 'n gebrek aan begrip vir die belangrikheid van die onderhoud van pad infrastruktuu r. Die totale kostes aan padverbeterings en opgraderings in die pulphout bedryf, het van 1997 tot 2000 met R18.55 miljoen toegeneem. Verdere opnames toon egter dat ten spyte van hierdie verhoging in befondsing, die toestand van bospaaie steeds onbevredigend is. Van die totale jaarlikse pulphout inname van 9.39 miljoen ton gedurende 1998, word 3.7 miljoen ton aan SIV blootgestel. Van die volume word 2.5 en 1.2 miljoen ton onderskeidelik vanaf die stomp en pad na depots vervoer. Die opname het ook landboutrekkers met leunwaens ge·identifiseer as die gewildste houtvervoer middel tussen die stomp/pad en depots. Hande-arbeid en driewielbloklaaiers is op hulle beurt verantwoordelik vir die laai van onderskeidelik 0.6 en 2.1 miljoen ton pulphout wat deur middel van SIV vervoer word. Inligting uit die opname ondersteun deur nuutgeskepte vakterminologie, is gebruik om verskillende vervoersisteme vir die ekonomiese analise van totale koste van die verskillende vervoerfases te bereken. 'n Netwerk analise model en pixel gebaseerde GIS is in kombinasie gebruik om verskillende vervoer scenarios in drie areas in Kwa-Zulu Natal te ontleed, wat gebruik maak van SIV op swak bospaaie met hoenetwerkdigthede. Die eenvoudige pixel-gebaseerde GIS het inligting weergegee oor bospadnetwerke, oppervlakbedekking en hellings. Die behoefte aan die vermindering van paddigtheid en die verbetering van bospaaie as sulks, is deur die resultate van die ekonomiese ontleding na vore gebring. Dit sal die behoefte vir uitgebreide primers vervoer uitskakel en die gebruik van tradisionele swaar padvoertuie moontlik maak. Die resultate van hierdie opname toon dat die bedryf addisioneel gemiddeld R43.25 miljoen/jaar of R8.24/m3 betaal vir die 3.7 miljoen ton wat onderhewig is aan SIV. Vir die totale 9.4 miljoen m3 het SIV die maatskappye gedurende 1998 R4.60 meer gekos vir elke m3 wat vervoer was. Sleutelwoorde: Netwerkanalise. Houtvervoer. Sekondere vervoer. sekondere intermediere verveer. Sekondere terminale vervoer. VerJengde prirnere vervoer. Kortafstand vervoer. Pixel-gebaseerde GIS Nota: In hierdie document word deurgans 'n punt (.) gebruik om desimale van heelgetalle te skei.
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Quinde, Abad Augusto. "Behaviour of the major resin- and fatty acids of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) during organosolv pulping." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30658.

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A high extractive-content temperate conifer wood (Pinus elliottii) was examined as a pulpwood source by organosolv pulping. Particularly, the behavior of the resin- and fatty acids during the lignin solvolysis process was studied in detail. For this purpose the resin-and fatty acids were characterized in the wood, and after pulping trials in order to reveal their fate during pulping, using catalyzed 80% aqueous alcohol (methanol) as solvent. Wood extractives were removed by both methanolic cold maceration and Soxhlet extraction techniques. The resin-and fatty acid fractions thus collected were saponified and/or methylated and characterized by gas liquid chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No significant differences were found in regard to extraction efficiencies between the two types of cold extractions. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between these two types of cold extractions in comparison with the procedure described by TAPPI standard T 204 os-76. Pulping experiments were performed at 205°C for periods of 5, 20, 40, and 60 min. Lignins, which precipitated on cooling of the black liquor (Lignin fraction I), were set aside for further extractions and chemical analyses. The molecular weight distribution of these lignins was determined by size exclusion chromatography on an HPLC and their quantity was determined either gravimetrically or volumetrically. Precipitated Lignin Fraction I, suspected of containing some adsorbed extractives and some fiber fragments, was transferred to a tared crucible. The lignin and extractives were sequentially dissolved by using tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone and methanol. This solution was evaporated, the residue redissolved in methanol-water (80:20) and the solution liquid-liquid extracted with diethyl ether in a separatory funnel followed by methylation prior to GC and GC-MS analysis. Quantification of the resin- and fatty acids in the wood and those recovered after organosolv pulping was performed using an internal standard (methyl heptadecanoate) added prior to the extraction steps. The extractives dissolved in the black liquor were isolated by a ternary liquid-liquid extraction scheme using diethyl ether, methylated with fresh diazomethane, and the resin- and fatty acids methyl esters characterized by GC and GC-MS. The extractives present in the pulp were isolated (removed) by a Soxhlet extraction procedure with methanol and" the resin- and fatty acids fractions characterized as above. Resin- and fatty acids surviving the high-temperature pulping process, were found mainly in the black liquor. After the 60 min cook, the black liquor contained 78.1% and 71.6% of resin- and fatty acids, respectively, while the pulp retained 11.7% and 8.2%, respectively of the extractives originally present in wood. "Lignin fraction I" adsorbed 10.2% and 20.2% of the resin- and fatty acids, respectively. Contrarily, if all of the lignin is precipitated (Lignin fraction II). prior to liquid/liquid extraction of the black liquor with diethyl ether, 98% and 60.4% of the resin- and fatty acids co-precipitate with the lignin and 2.0% and 39.6%, respectively, remain dissolved in the aqueous filtrate. Industrial organosolv lignin isolated after solvent pulping of pine was thus shown to contain most (98%) of the resin acids and 39.6% of the fatty acids normally found in pines. Although not tested, it is supposed that lignins isolated by precipitation from the black liquor after organosolv pulping of other species cannot be considered as "pristine lignins" as described hitherto in the technical literature, since such lignins are heavily contaminated by the extractives of the wood species. In light of these findings all data on chemical and physical characterization of organosolv lignins and their reactivity will have to be reexamined and reassessed to remove the effect of the extractives as contaminants.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Al, Halabi Rami. "Application of game theory in Swedish raw material market : Investigating the pulpwood market." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39160.

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Studien går ut på att analysera marknadsstrukturen för två industriföretag(Holmen och SCA) under antagandet att båda konkurrerar mot varandragenom att köpa rå material samt genom att sälja förädlade produkter.Produktmarknaden som undersöks är pappersmarknaden och antas varakoncentrerad. Rå materialmknaden som undersöks ärmassavedmarknaden och antas karaktäriseras som en duopsony. Detvisade sig att Holmen och SCA köper massaved från en stor mängdskogsägare. Varje företag skapar varje månad en prislista där de bestämmerbud priset föassaved. Priset varierar beroende på region. Både SCA ochHolmen väljer mellan två strategiska beslut, antigen att buda högt pris ellerlågt pris. Genom spelteori så visade det sig att båda industriföretagenanvänder mixade strategier då de i vissa tillfällen budar högt och i andratillfällen budar lågt. Nash jämviktslägen för mixade strategier räknades utmatematiskt och analyserades genom dynamisk spelteori.Marknadskoncentrationen för pappersmarknaden undersöktes viaHerfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Porters femkraftsmodell användes föratt analysera industri konkurrensen. Resultatet visade attproduktmarknaden är koncentrerad då HHI testerna gav höga indexvärdenmellan 3100 och 1700. Det existerade dessutom ett Nash jämviktsläge fö mixade strategier som gav SCA förväntad lönsamhet 1651 miljoner kronoroch Holmen 1295 miljoner kronor. Dynamisk spelteori visade att SCA ochHolmens budgivning följer ett mönster och att högt/lågt bud beror påavvikelser från Nash jämviktslägets sannolikhetsdistribution. Nashjämviktslägets råder ifall sannolikhetsdistributionerna vid låg budgivningär 68,6 procent för SCA och 66,7 procent för Holmen. Detta gav indikatore för icke samarbetsvilliga spel. Slutsatsen är att om två spelare (kvarnar) når
The research aims to analyze the market structure of two companies in th forest industry (Holmen and SCA) with the assumption that thes companies compete at buying raw materials and selling products. Theproduct market in this study is the paper market under the assumption thatboth companies operate in a concentrated product market. The rawmatial market that one investigates in this study is the pulpwood marketunder the assumption that it is a duopsony. What this study has concludedis that Holmen and SCA buy pulpwood from lots of different self-managingforest owners. Each company creates a monthly pricelist where they decidethe bid price of pulpwood. The amount varies depending on the region. Bot SCA and Holmen chooses between two strategic decisions, either to bid highor to bid low. Through game theory, it has been clear that each company usesmixed strategies as they sometimes give high bids and sometimes give lowbids. The Nash equilibrium for mixed strategies have been calculatedmathematically and analyzed through the dynamics of game theory. As fore market concentration, the product market has been investigatedthrough the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Porter's five-force modelwas used to analyze the industry competition. The results showed that theproduct market is concentrated as the HHI tests gave High index scoresbetween 3100 and 1700. In addition, there existed a Nash equilibrium in amixed strategy that gave SCA expected payoff 1651 million SEK and Holmen1295 million SEK. The dynamic game theory showed that SCA and Holmen'sbidding follows a repeating trajectory and that the high/low bidding is dueto deviations from Nash equilibrium probability distribution. The Nashequilibrium situation prevails if the probability distribution at low biddingis 68.6 percent for SCA and 66,7 percent for Holmen. This providedindicators for a non-cooperative game. The conclusion is that if two players
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Vėberienė, Rita. "Danties pulpos atsako į ortodontnio gydymo metu veikiančias jėgas tyrimai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110309_111250-64256.

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Darbo tikslas yra nustatyti galimus metabolinius pokyčius žmogaus danties pulpoje ortodontinio gydymo metu veikiant gramzdinimo jėgoms ir įvertinti šių jėgų įtaką pulpos gyvybingumui. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti fermento aspartato aminotransferazės (toliau – AST) akty¬vumą sveikų dantų pulpos audinyje. 2. Nustatyti, kaip kinta danties pulpos AST aktyvumas veikiant dantis 7 ir 14 dienų nepertraukiama gramzdinimo jėga ir 7 dienų nepertrau¬kiama jėga su vėlesniu 7 dienų poilsiu bei palyginti šiuos aktyvumus su sveikų dantų pulpos AST fermento aktyvumu. 3. Įvertinti danties pulpos atsaką į dirginimą elektros srove, taikant elektroodontometrinio gyvybingumo testą (toliau – EPT) sveikiems ir dantims paveiktiems 7 ir 14 dienų nepertraukiama gramzdinimo jėga bei 7 dienų nepertraukiama jėga su vėlesniu 7 dienų poilsiu. 4. Atlikti jėgos, veikiančios ortodontinio krūvio metu, matematinę ana¬lizę. 5. Įvertinti galimą pulpos AST fermento aktyvumo bei pulpos EPT at¬sako ryšį su gramzdinimo jėgos dydžiu, dantų šaknų skaičiumi, žan¬dikaulio tipu, bei amžiumi. 6. Atlikti pacientų, kuriems radiografinis tyrimas taikytas odontolo¬ginio gydymo planavimui, skaitmeninių panoraminių radiogramų analizę, siekiant įvertinti pulpos akmenų pulpos kameroje ir šak¬ninėje pul¬poje paplitimą tarp jauno amžiaus pacientų. 7. Atlikti ortodontinių pacientų pirminių bei galutinių skaitmeninių pa¬no¬raminių radiogramų lyginamąją analizę, siekiant įvertinti pulpos akmenų paplitimą pulpos kameroje ir šakninėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of the study was to evaluate metabolic alterations of the human dental pulp in response to application of intrusive forces, and to investigate impact of such forces on the pulp vitality.Objectives of the study: 1) to determine activity of aspartate aminotransferase (hereinafter – AST) in the dental pulp of teeth unaffected by orthodontic loading; 2) to evaluate changes in the dental pulp AST activity after appli¬cation of continuous intrusive force for 7 and for 14 days, or, continuous force for 7 days with the following 7 days of rest, and to compare the obtained values with the pulp AST activity in teeth unaffected by orthodontic loading; 3) to compare dental pulp response to electrical stimulation by means of electric odontometric pulp test (hereinafter – EPT) in teeth unaffected by orthodontic loading, and in teeth subjected to continuous intrusive force for 7 and for 14 days, also for 7 days of continuous loading with the following 7 days of rest; 4) to perform mathematical analysis of the forces acting during the orthodontic loading; 5) to analyse relation of the pulp AST activity and the EPT measu¬rements with the intrusive force magnitude, tooth type (i.e. number of tooth roots; maxilar or, mandibular), and patient‘s age; 6) to analyse digital panoramic X-ray images of the patients, sub¬jected to radiography during routine dental treatment planning, in order to observe occurence of pulp stones in the dental pulp chamber; 7) to compare baseline and final... [to full text]
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Rufas, Pierre. "Défense et régénération pulpo-dentinaire : activation locale du complément." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4108.

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Les lésions carieuses ou les traumatismes physiques profonds aboutissent souvent à une destruction des fibroblastes pulpaires (FP) et des odontoblastes, et provoquent l’activation du Complément. Le rôle du Complément dans la régénération pulpo-dentinaire a été montré avec le fragment C5a, connu pour induire la migration des cellules souches pulpaires (CS). Nous avons montré que le C3a participe à la régénération pulpo-dentinaire. Après un tri cellulaire, nous avons montré l’expression du C3aR sur les CS et les FP en culture, et aussi sur coupes de dents humaines. De plus, les deux types cellulaires prolifèrent en présence de concentrations croissantes de C3a. La migration cellulaire a été évaluée dans des chambres de migration microfluidiques. Les CS sont mobilisées, tandis que les FP sont spécifiquement recrutés par un gradient de C3a. Les complexes d’attaque membranaire (CAM) produits par les FP a été montrée. Nous avons démontré que les FP peuvent détruire les bactéries cariogènes S. mutans et S. sanguis. Les FP ont été incubés avec un milieu contenant du LTA pour simuler une infection bactérienne in vitro. Nous avons montré que les bactéries cariogènes étaient très sensibles aux surnageants des FP stimulés, soulignant un effet létal des CAM. Des co-cultures de fibroblastes pulpaires et de bactéries ont révélé la présence des CAM sur les bactéries. Ces résultats soulignent des rôles inattendus du Complément pendant les étapes précoces de la régénération pulpo-dentinaire et de la défense pulpaire. Ce travail suggère de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques, où des molécules du Complément pourront être délivrées localement pour favoriser la régénération pulpo-dentinaire
Deep pulp physical injuries or carious lesions often lead to fibroblast cell injury and destruction of the dentin-secreting odontoblasts, and lead to the Complement activation. Its involvement in dentin-pulp regeneration has been shown with C5a fragment, known to induce specific recruitment of DPSC. We show that C3a, is also involved in dentin-pulp regeneration. After cell sorting, we highlighted C3a Receptor expression on pulp fibroblasts and STRO-1-sorted DSPC as well as on human tooth sections in vivo. The effect of C3a on proliferation of DPSCs and pulp fibroblasts was shown with an increased proliferation for both cell types. Cell migration was evaluated using microfluidic chemotaxis chambers. We showed that DPSCs were mobilized but not specifically recruited, while pulp fibroblasts were specifically recruited following a C3a gradient. We demonstrated that pulp fibroblasts can synthesize functional membrane attack complex (MAC) and kill cariogenic bacteria S. mutans and S. sanguinis. To simulate bacterial infection in vitro, pulp fibroblasts were incubated with lipoteichoïc acid (LTA). Agar well diffusion assay showed that bacteria exposed to LTA-conditioned media were highly sensitive, showing lethal effect of MAC. Coculture of pulp fibroblasts and bacteria showed that MAC synthesized by pulp fibroblasts can be directly fixed on cariogenic bacteria, after direct contact with fibroblasts. These results underline unexpected roles of Complement system activation in early events of dentin-pulp regeneration and pulp defense. Our findings suggest new therapeutic strategies, where new agents can deliver specific Complement molecules to enhance dentin-pulp regeneration
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Books on the topic "Pulpwod"

1

Pulpwood: Stories. Livingston, Ala: Livingston Press, University of West Alabama, 2003.

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McKinnon, Barry. PulpLog. Prince George, B.C: Caitlin Press, 1991.

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McKinnon, Barry. PulpLog. Prince George, B.C: Caitlin Press, 1991.

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Vissage, John S. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1989. [New Orleans, La.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, [1992], 1992.

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1898-, Pearce J. Kenneth, and Walbridge Thomas A, eds. Logging and pulpwood production. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Vissage, John S. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1988. [New Orleans, La. (701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans 70113)]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1990.

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Miller, Patrick E. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1992. [New Orleans, La.] (701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans 70113): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, [1992], 1994.

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Vissage, John S. Midsouth pulpwood prices, 1987. [New Orleans, La. (701 Loyola Ave., New Orleans 70113)]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1990.

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Johnson, Tony G. National pulpwood production, 2008. Asheville, NC: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2011.

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Northeastern Forest Experiment Station (Radnor, Pa.). Pulpwood production in the Northeast--1990. Radnor, Pa: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pulpwod"

1

Dubert, T. "Lésions du complexe pulpo-unguéal." In Approche pratique de la couverture des pertes de substance cutanée de la main et des doigts, 233–39. Paris: Springer Paris, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-72096-3_31.

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Toppinen, A. "Quarterly Model of the Finnish Sawlog and Pulpwood Markets – a Cointegration Analysis." In Modern Time Series Analysis in Forest Products Markets, 103–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4772-9_7.

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Pirard, Romain, and Judith Mayer. "Complementary labor opportunities in Indonesian pulpwood plantations with implications for land use." In Agroforestry for Commodity Production: Ecological and Social Dimensions, 235–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3365-9_19.

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Anoop, E. V., Arun Joseph, C. M. Jijeesh, R. Vishnu, and Anju S. Vijayan. "Basic Density and Fibre Morphological Characteristics of Selected Pulpwood Species of Kerala." In Wood is Good, 161–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3115-1_16.

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Reyes-Moreno, Javier, Christoph Geimer, Andrea Balestra, and Nicolas Haddad. "Upgrade of Eso’s Fiera CCD Controller and Pulpo Subsystem." In Scientific Detectors for Astronomy, 449–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2527-0_58.

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Haddad, Nicolas, and Peter Sinclaire. "PULPO: Temperature, Vacuum, Shutter, LN2 Level, All in One Box." In Optical Detectors for Astronomy, 131–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5262-4_21.

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Lettieri, Michael. "LOS TENTÁCULOS DEL PULPO:." In México a la luz de sus revoluciones, 605–42. El Colegio de México, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhn07w9.21.

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"Pulped Factions: Rivalries in Australian Poetry." In Spatial Relations. Volume One, 125–27. Brill | Rodopi, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401209380_013.

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Marques, A. F., J. G. Borges, P. M. Sousa, M. Fonseca, J. Gonçalves, and J. Oliveira. "An Enterprise Architecture Approach for Designing an Integrated Wood Supply Management System." In Organizational Integration of Enterprise Systems and Resources, 1–21. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1764-3.ch001.

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The wood supply chains encompass a multitude of agents with independent business processes and information systems. The network of interrelationships and information flows among the agents is often neglected when designing information systems. Common processes and automatic data exchanges can enhance collaboration as well as improve IT alignment with business needs across multiple organizations in the supply chain. This article proposes an Enterprise Architecture methodological approach for designing an integrated modular Wood Supply Management System. Both Process Architecture Framework and Information Architecture were developed and used to define individual systems and integration requirements, discussed on the Applications Architecture. The Technological Architecture was further addressed. Results of its application to the Portuguese pulpwood, biomass and lumber-based supply chains are presented. Results show that this approach can effectively specify individual systems requirements driven from the processes descriptions built in collaboration with the agents. It further shows that a Service-Oriented Architecture can be derived, ensuring systems integration and interoperability.
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Smith, A. J. "Pulpo-dentinal interactions in development and repair of dentine." In Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth, 82–91. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511542626.006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pulpwod"

1

Campu, Vasile Razvan. "MASS LOSS AND THE MEASUREMENT OF BEECH AND OAK PULPWOOD MOISTURE CONTENT." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.054.

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Thaiyibah, Nazaratun, Amalia Rozaiza Ightikhoma, and Ahmad Yudianto. "The Effect of Seawater on the Quantity of Dental Pulped DNA in Forensic Odontology Identification." In 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007544604400445.

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Darmawan, Aria, Yanuar Ananda Putri Ramadhan, Nita Rahayu Dewi, Hikmatun Ni’mah, Achmad Roesyadi, and Firman Kurniawansyah. "Effect of oxygen delignification process on the lignin content and wastewater quality from kraft-pulped Eucalyptus pellita." In PROCEEDINGS OF 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL PROCESS AND PRODUCT ENGINEERING (ICCPPE) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5140955.

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Daugaviete, Mudrite, Galina Telysheva, Ojars Polis, Ausma Korica, and Kaspars Spalvis. "Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.001.

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The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.
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Reports on the topic "Pulpwod"

1

Johnson, Tony G., and Michael Howell. Southern pulpwood production, 1994. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-001.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Carolyn D. Steppleton. Southern pulpwood production, 1995. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-008.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Carolyn D. Steppleton. Southern pulpwood production, 1996. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-021.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Carolyn D. Steppleton. Southern pulpwood production, 1997. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-037.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Michael Howell. Southern pulpwood production, 1994. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-1.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Carolyn D. Steppleton. Southern pulpwood production, 2003. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-101.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Carolyn D. Steppleton. Southern pulpwood production, 2004. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-111.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Carolyn D. Steppleton. Southern pulpwood production, 2005. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-116.

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Johnson, Tony G., and Carolyn D. Steppleton. Southern pulpwood production, 2006. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rb-134.

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Hutchins, Cecil C. Southern pulpwood production, 1987. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-rb-106.

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