Dissertations / Theses: 'Pulpwod'

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Spångberg, Kalle. "Sorting Norway spruce pulpwood /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5616-9.gif.

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Polyakov, Maksym. "Interregional aspects of timber inventory projections." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2004%20Fall/Dissertations/POLYAKOV_MAKSYM_42.pdf.

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Liao, Xianchun. "Essays of forestry investments in the US and stumpage markets in the US South." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/LIAO_XIANCHUN_33.pdf.

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Persson, Erik. "Storage of spruce pulpwood : effects on wood and mechanical pulp /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6090-5.pdf.

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Nilsson, Mats. "Imports of pulpwood and chips to Sweden : an economics analysis." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17215.

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Ackerman, Pierre Alexander. "An investigation into the shorthaul transport of pulpwood in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52115.

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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ackerman PA. 2001. An Investigation into the Shorthaul Transport of Pulpwood in South Africa. M.Sc. in Forestry thesis. University of Stellenbosch. 178 pp Shorthaul transport also known as secondary intermediate transport (SIT), a unique feature of pulpwood transport in South Africa, is an additional transport phase within traditional secondary transport. SIT originates at a roadside landing or depot and terminates at another depot, rail siding or merchandising area (not the final destination). The reason for the addition of SIT into the transport chain is identified as the steady decline of forest road conditions to the extent that highway vehicles are unable to reach roadside landings, necessitating the use of intermediate storage sites, from where the timber is once again loaded and transported to final destination. An industry survey established that the decline of forest road conditions are related to excessively high road densities, insufficient funding for road maintenance/upgrading and the lack of understanding by landowners of the importance of maintaining forest road infrastructure. Total funding, by pulpwood companies on roads have shown an increase of R18.55 million from 1997 to 2000, however, subsequent surveys have indicated, that despite this increase in funding, the forest road conditions continue deteriorating. Of the total annual pulpwood intake of 9.39 million tonnes for 1998, 3.7 million tonnes are subject to SIT. Of this 3.7 million tonnes, 2.5 million tonnes are transported from stump to depot and 1.2 million tonnes are transported from landing to depot. The survey identified the agricultural tractor and semi-trailer as the most favoured transport system between stump or landing and depot, responsible for transporting 2.22 million tonnes annually. For 1998, manual loading and three wheel log loaders accounted for the loading of 0.6 and 2.1 million tonnes respectively of the 3.7 million tonnes subject to SIT. This survey information, assisted by newly developed terminology, was used to develop transport scenarios for the economic analysis of total cost of the different transport phases. A network analysis model and pixel-based geographic information system (GIS) were combined to analyse the various transport scenarios within three study areas in the KwaZulu/Natal Midlands, employing SIT on poor, high-density road networks. The simple pixel-based GIS contained information on the forest road network, surface cover and slopes. The results of the economic analysis highlighted the need for the reduction of road network density and for the improvement of the remaining network. This would eliminate the need for extended primary transport and allow the use of highway vehicles transporting from the compartment roadside to and past plantation exits. Results show an average annual cost penalty to the industry, by maintaining SIT, to be R43.25 million or R8.24/m3 . By not employing SIT the industry will potentially save R4.60 for every tonne of the 9.4 million tonnes consumed by the pulpwood processing plants during 1998. Key words: Network analysis. Pixel-based GIS. Timber transport. Secondary transport. Secondary intermediate transport. Secondary terminal transport. Extended primary transport. Primary transport. Dirichlet tessellations. Shorthaul. Note: Throughout this document a full stop (.) is used as a decimal separator.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ackerman PA. 2001.'n Ondersoek na die kortafstand vervoer van pulphout in Suid- Afrika. MSc in Bosbou tesis. Universiteit van Stellenbosch. 178 pp. sekondere intermediere vervoer (SIV), 'n addisionele vervoer-fase binne tradisionele sekondere houtvervoer, is 'n unieke kenmerk van pulphout vervoer in Suid-Afrika. SIV begin op pad, by 'n spesifieke vak of depot en eindig by 'n ander depot, syspoor of verwerkingsgebied (nie die finale bestemming nie). Aangesien die toestand van bospaaie toenemend verswak en omdat swaarpadvervoer nie langer vakke kan bereik nie, word vervoerkontrakteurs al hoe meer gedwing om van depots gebruik te maak waarheen hout deur middel van SIV vervoer moet word. Die hout word dan weer daar gelaai en na 'n verwerkingsfabriek vervoer deur middel van swaarpadvervoer. 'n Landwye opname het getoon dat die swak toestand van bospaaie toegeskryf kan word aan oormatige paddigthede, onvoldoende befondsing vir die instandhouding/ opgradering van paaie en 'n gebrek aan begrip vir die belangrikheid van die onderhoud van pad infrastruktuu r. Die totale kostes aan padverbeterings en opgraderings in die pulphout bedryf, het van 1997 tot 2000 met R18.55 miljoen toegeneem. Verdere opnames toon egter dat ten spyte van hierdie verhoging in befondsing, die toestand van bospaaie steeds onbevredigend is. Van die totale jaarlikse pulphout inname van 9.39 miljoen ton gedurende 1998, word 3.7 miljoen ton aan SIV blootgestel. Van die volume word 2.5 en 1.2 miljoen ton onderskeidelik vanaf die stomp en pad na depots vervoer. Die opname het ook landboutrekkers met leunwaens ge·identifiseer as die gewildste houtvervoer middel tussen die stomp/pad en depots. Hande-arbeid en driewielbloklaaiers is op hulle beurt verantwoordelik vir die laai van onderskeidelik 0.6 en 2.1 miljoen ton pulphout wat deur middel van SIV vervoer word. Inligting uit die opname ondersteun deur nuutgeskepte vakterminologie, is gebruik om verskillende vervoersisteme vir die ekonomiese analise van totale koste van die verskillende vervoerfases te bereken. 'n Netwerk analise model en pixel gebaseerde GIS is in kombinasie gebruik om verskillende vervoer scenarios in drie areas in Kwa-Zulu Natal te ontleed, wat gebruik maak van SIV op swak bospaaie met hoenetwerkdigthede. Die eenvoudige pixel-gebaseerde GIS het inligting weergegee oor bospadnetwerke, oppervlakbedekking en hellings. Die behoefte aan die vermindering van paddigtheid en die verbetering van bospaaie as sulks, is deur die resultate van die ekonomiese ontleding na vore gebring. Dit sal die behoefte vir uitgebreide primers vervoer uitskakel en die gebruik van tradisionele swaar padvoertuie moontlik maak. Die resultate van hierdie opname toon dat die bedryf addisioneel gemiddeld R43.25 miljoen/jaar of R8.24/m3 betaal vir die 3.7 miljoen ton wat onderhewig is aan SIV. Vir die totale 9.4 miljoen m3 het SIV die maatskappye gedurende 1998 R4.60 meer gekos vir elke m3 wat vervoer was. Sleutelwoorde: Netwerkanalise. Houtvervoer. Sekondere vervoer. sekondere intermediere verveer. Sekondere terminale vervoer. VerJengde prirnere vervoer. Kortafstand vervoer. Pixel-gebaseerde GIS Nota: In hierdie document word deurgans 'n punt (.) gebruik om desimale van heelgetalle te skei.

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Quinde, Abad Augusto. "Behaviour of the major resin- and fatty acids of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) during organosolv pulping." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30658.

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A high extractive-content temperate conifer wood (Pinus elliottii) was examined as a pulpwood source by organosolv pulping. Particularly, the behavior of the resin- and fatty acids during the lignin solvolysis process was studied in detail. For this purpose the resin-and fatty acids were characterized in the wood, and after pulping trials in order to reveal their fate during pulping, using catalyzed 80% aqueous alcohol (methanol) as solvent. Wood extractives were removed by both methanolic cold maceration and Soxhlet extraction techniques. The resin-and fatty acid fractions thus collected were saponified and/or methylated and characterized by gas liquid chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No significant differences were found in regard to extraction efficiencies between the two types of cold extractions. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between these two types of cold extractions in comparison with the procedure described by TAPPI standard T 204 os-76. Pulping experiments were performed at 205°C for periods of 5, 20, 40, and 60 min. Lignins, which precipitated on cooling of the black liquor (Lignin fraction I), were set aside for further extractions and chemical analyses. The molecular weight distribution of these lignins was determined by size exclusion chromatography on an HPLC and their quantity was determined either gravimetrically or volumetrically. Precipitated Lignin Fraction I, suspected of containing some adsorbed extractives and some fiber fragments, was transferred to a tared crucible. The lignin and extractives were sequentially dissolved by using tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone and methanol. This solution was evaporated, the residue redissolved in methanol-water (80:20) and the solution liquid-liquid extracted with diethyl ether in a separatory funnel followed by methylation prior to GC and GC-MS analysis. Quantification of the resin- and fatty acids in the wood and those recovered after organosolv pulping was performed using an internal standard (methyl heptadecanoate) added prior to the extraction steps. The extractives dissolved in the black liquor were isolated by a ternary liquid-liquid extraction scheme using diethyl ether, methylated with fresh diazomethane, and the resin- and fatty acids methyl esters characterized by GC and GC-MS. The extractives present in the pulp were isolated (removed) by a Soxhlet extraction procedure with methanol and" the resin- and fatty acids fractions characterized as above. Resin- and fatty acids surviving the high-temperature pulping process, were found mainly in the black liquor. After the 60 min cook, the black liquor contained 78.1% and 71.6% of resin- and fatty acids, respectively, while the pulp retained 11.7% and 8.2%, respectively of the extractives originally present in wood. "Lignin fraction I" adsorbed 10.2% and 20.2% of the resin- and fatty acids, respectively. Contrarily, if all of the lignin is precipitated (Lignin fraction II). prior to liquid/liquid extraction of the black liquor with diethyl ether, 98% and 60.4% of the resin- and fatty acids co-precipitate with the lignin and 2.0% and 39.6%, respectively, remain dissolved in the aqueous filtrate. Industrial organosolv lignin isolated after solvent pulping of pine was thus shown to contain most (98%) of the resin acids and 39.6% of the fatty acids normally found in pines. Although not tested, it is supposed that lignins isolated by precipitation from the black liquor after organosolv pulping of other species cannot be considered as "pristine lignins" as described hitherto in the technical literature, since such lignins are heavily contaminated by the extractives of the wood species. In light of these findings all data on chemical and physical characterization of organosolv lignins and their reactivity will have to be reexamined and reassessed to remove the effect of the extractives as contaminants.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate

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Al, Halabi Rami. "Application of game theory in Swedish raw material market : Investigating the pulpwood market." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39160.

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Studien går ut på att analysera marknadsstrukturen för två industriföretag(Holmen och SCA) under antagandet att båda konkurrerar mot varandragenom att köpa rå material samt genom att sälja förädlade produkter.Produktmarknaden som undersöks är pappersmarknaden och antas varakoncentrerad. Rå materialmknaden som undersöks ärmassavedmarknaden och antas karaktäriseras som en duopsony. Detvisade sig att Holmen och SCA köper massaved från en stor mängdskogsägare. Varje företag skapar varje månad en prislista där de bestämmerbud priset föassaved. Priset varierar beroende på region. Både SCA ochHolmen väljer mellan två strategiska beslut, antigen att buda högt pris ellerlågt pris. Genom spelteori så visade det sig att båda industriföretagenanvänder mixade strategier då de i vissa tillfällen budar högt och i andratillfällen budar lågt. Nash jämviktslägen för mixade strategier räknades utmatematiskt och analyserades genom dynamisk spelteori.Marknadskoncentrationen för pappersmarknaden undersöktes viaHerfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Porters femkraftsmodell användes föratt analysera industri konkurrensen. Resultatet visade attproduktmarknaden är koncentrerad då HHI testerna gav höga indexvärdenmellan 3100 och 1700. Det existerade dessutom ett Nash jämviktsläge fö mixade strategier som gav SCA förväntad lönsamhet 1651 miljoner kronoroch Holmen 1295 miljoner kronor. Dynamisk spelteori visade att SCA ochHolmens budgivning följer ett mönster och att högt/lågt bud beror påavvikelser från Nash jämviktslägets sannolikhetsdistribution. Nashjämviktslägets råder ifall sannolikhetsdistributionerna vid låg budgivningär 68,6 procent för SCA och 66,7 procent för Holmen. Detta gav indikatore för icke samarbetsvilliga spel. Slutsatsen är att om två spelare (kvarnar) når
The research aims to analyze the market structure of two companies in th forest industry (Holmen and SCA) with the assumption that thes companies compete at buying raw materials and selling products. Theproduct market in this study is the paper market under the assumption thatboth companies operate in a concentrated product market. The rawmatial market that one investigates in this study is the pulpwood marketunder the assumption that it is a duopsony. What this study has concludedis that Holmen and SCA buy pulpwood from lots of different self-managingforest owners. Each company creates a monthly pricelist where they decidethe bid price of pulpwood. The amount varies depending on the region. Bot SCA and Holmen chooses between two strategic decisions, either to bid highor to bid low. Through game theory, it has been clear that each company usesmixed strategies as they sometimes give high bids and sometimes give lowbids. The Nash equilibrium for mixed strategies have been calculatedmathematically and analyzed through the dynamics of game theory. As fore market concentration, the product market has been investigatedthrough the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Porter's five-force modelwas used to analyze the industry competition. The results showed that theproduct market is concentrated as the HHI tests gave High index scoresbetween 3100 and 1700. In addition, there existed a Nash equilibrium in amixed strategy that gave SCA expected payoff 1651 million SEK and Holmen1295 million SEK. The dynamic game theory showed that SCA and Holmen'sbidding follows a repeating trajectory and that the high/low bidding is dueto deviations from Nash equilibrium probability distribution. The Nashequilibrium situation prevails if the probability distribution at low biddingis 68.6 percent for SCA and 66,7 percent for Holmen. This providedindicators for a non-cooperative game. The conclusion is that if two players

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Vėberienė, Rita. "Danties pulpos atsako į ortodontnio gydymo metu veikiančias jėgas tyrimai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110309_111250-64256.

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Darbo tikslas yra nustatyti galimus metabolinius pokyčius žmogaus danties pulpoje ortodontinio gydymo metu veikiant gramzdinimo jėgoms ir įvertinti šių jėgų įtaką pulpos gyvybingumui. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti fermento aspartato aminotransferazės (toliau – AST) akty¬vumą sveikų dantų pulpos audinyje. 2. Nustatyti, kaip kinta danties pulpos AST aktyvumas veikiant dantis 7 ir 14 dienų nepertraukiama gramzdinimo jėga ir 7 dienų nepertrau¬kiama jėga su vėlesniu 7 dienų poilsiu bei palyginti šiuos aktyvumus su sveikų dantų pulpos AST fermento aktyvumu. 3. Įvertinti danties pulpos atsaką į dirginimą elektros srove, taikant elektroodontometrinio gyvybingumo testą (toliau – EPT) sveikiems ir dantims paveiktiems 7 ir 14 dienų nepertraukiama gramzdinimo jėga bei 7 dienų nepertraukiama jėga su vėlesniu 7 dienų poilsiu. 4. Atlikti jėgos, veikiančios ortodontinio krūvio metu, matematinę ana¬lizę. 5. Įvertinti galimą pulpos AST fermento aktyvumo bei pulpos EPT at¬sako ryšį su gramzdinimo jėgos dydžiu, dantų šaknų skaičiumi, žan¬dikaulio tipu, bei amžiumi. 6. Atlikti pacientų, kuriems radiografinis tyrimas taikytas odontolo¬ginio gydymo planavimui, skaitmeninių panoraminių radiogramų analizę, siekiant įvertinti pulpos akmenų pulpos kameroje ir šak¬ninėje pul¬poje paplitimą tarp jauno amžiaus pacientų. 7. Atlikti ortodontinių pacientų pirminių bei galutinių skaitmeninių pa¬no¬raminių radiogramų lyginamąją analizę, siekiant įvertinti pulpos akmenų paplitimą pulpos kameroje ir šakninėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of the study was to evaluate metabolic alterations of the human dental pulp in response to application of intrusive forces, and to investigate impact of such forces on the pulp vitality.Objectives of the study: 1) to determine activity of aspartate aminotransferase (hereinafter – AST) in the dental pulp of teeth unaffected by orthodontic loading; 2) to evaluate changes in the dental pulp AST activity after appli¬cation of continuous intrusive force for 7 and for 14 days, or, continuous force for 7 days with the following 7 days of rest, and to compare the obtained values with the pulp AST activity in teeth unaffected by orthodontic loading; 3) to compare dental pulp response to electrical stimulation by means of electric odontometric pulp test (hereinafter – EPT) in teeth unaffected by orthodontic loading, and in teeth subjected to continuous intrusive force for 7 and for 14 days, also for 7 days of continuous loading with the following 7 days of rest; 4) to perform mathematical analysis of the forces acting during the orthodontic loading; 5) to analyse relation of the pulp AST activity and the EPT measu¬rements with the intrusive force magnitude, tooth type (i.e. number of tooth roots; maxilar or, mandibular), and patient‘s age; 6) to analyse digital panoramic X-ray images of the patients, sub¬jected to radiography during routine dental treatment planning, in order to observe occurence of pulp stones in the dental pulp chamber; 7) to compare baseline and final... [to full text]

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Rufas, Pierre. "Défense et régénération pulpo-dentinaire : activation locale du complément." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4108.

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Les lésions carieuses ou les traumatismes physiques profonds aboutissent souvent à une destruction des fibroblastes pulpaires (FP) et des odontoblastes, et provoquent l’activation du Complément. Le rôle du Complément dans la régénération pulpo-dentinaire a été montré avec le fragment C5a, connu pour induire la migration des cellules souches pulpaires (CS). Nous avons montré que le C3a participe à la régénération pulpo-dentinaire. Après un tri cellulaire, nous avons montré l’expression du C3aR sur les CS et les FP en culture, et aussi sur coupes de dents humaines. De plus, les deux types cellulaires prolifèrent en présence de concentrations croissantes de C3a. La migration cellulaire a été évaluée dans des chambres de migration microfluidiques. Les CS sont mobilisées, tandis que les FP sont spécifiquement recrutés par un gradient de C3a. Les complexes d’attaque membranaire (CAM) produits par les FP a été montrée. Nous avons démontré que les FP peuvent détruire les bactéries cariogènes S. mutans et S. sanguis. Les FP ont été incubés avec un milieu contenant du LTA pour simuler une infection bactérienne in vitro. Nous avons montré que les bactéries cariogènes étaient très sensibles aux surnageants des FP stimulés, soulignant un effet létal des CAM. Des co-cultures de fibroblastes pulpaires et de bactéries ont révélé la présence des CAM sur les bactéries. Ces résultats soulignent des rôles inattendus du Complément pendant les étapes précoces de la régénération pulpo-dentinaire et de la défense pulpaire. Ce travail suggère de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques, où des molécules du Complément pourront être délivrées localement pour favoriser la régénération pulpo-dentinaire
Deep pulp physical injuries or carious lesions often lead to fibroblast cell injury and destruction of the dentin-secreting odontoblasts, and lead to the Complement activation. Its involvement in dentin-pulp regeneration has been shown with C5a fragment, known to induce specific recruitment of DPSC. We show that C3a, is also involved in dentin-pulp regeneration. After cell sorting, we highlighted C3a Receptor expression on pulp fibroblasts and STRO-1-sorted DSPC as well as on human tooth sections in vivo. The effect of C3a on proliferation of DPSCs and pulp fibroblasts was shown with an increased proliferation for both cell types. Cell migration was evaluated using microfluidic chemotaxis chambers. We showed that DPSCs were mobilized but not specifically recruited, while pulp fibroblasts were specifically recruited following a C3a gradient. We demonstrated that pulp fibroblasts can synthesize functional membrane attack complex (MAC) and kill cariogenic bacteria S. mutans and S. sanguinis. To simulate bacterial infection in vitro, pulp fibroblasts were incubated with lipoteichoïc acid (LTA). Agar well diffusion assay showed that bacteria exposed to LTA-conditioned media were highly sensitive, showing lethal effect of MAC. Coculture of pulp fibroblasts and bacteria showed that MAC synthesized by pulp fibroblasts can be directly fixed on cariogenic bacteria, after direct contact with fibroblasts. These results underline unexpected roles of Complement system activation in early events of dentin-pulp regeneration and pulp defense. Our findings suggest new therapeutic strategies, where new agents can deliver specific Complement molecules to enhance dentin-pulp regeneration

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Vikinge, Björn. "Trädbränsleuttag i gallring /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5858-7.pdf.

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Olsson, Jennie. "Jämförelse av ekonomiskt utfall vid klassning av massaved enligt dagens klassningssystem och det nya systemet Prima-Sekunda : – En fallstudie på Mellanskog." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89540.

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In August 2019, Prima-Sekunda is about to be introduced, a new classification system for the classification of pulpwood during surveying to industry. This new classification system should be more time and cost effective and at the same time offer the industries commodity volume with better quality. The purpose of this study was to compare if there was any difference in the economic outcome with the new Prima-Sekunda compared to today's classification system when measuring pulpwood. Based on the 95 piles measured, it appeared that today's classification system gives somewhat better paid than Prima-Sekunda due to the prices for Prima-Sekunda which are initially set slightly lower than today's pulpwood price. The introduction of Prima-Sekunda should be price neutral, which means that the prices for Prima-Sekunda as shown in the current study must be reasonably equal to the current pulpwood price for this goal to be materialized.

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Sullivan, Elizabeth Carol. "The use of advanced treatment methods for removal of color and dissolved solids from pulp and paper wastewater." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94476.

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This study investigated the use of activated carbon and ion exchange for the removal of color and dissolved solids from pulp and paper wastewater generated by the Union Camp Corporation mill in Franklin, Virginia. The objective of the treatment was to provide a high quality effluent suitable for direct recycling. This advanced treatment followed pretreatment by lime, alum, or ferric chloride. Required effluent quality was defined as being 5 Pt-Co units color and 75 mg/L chloride. Granular and powdered carbons, manufactured by the Westvaco Corporation, were utilized in the study. The ion exchange resin investigated was Amberlite IRA-68, manufactured by Rohm and Haas. Carbon treatment consisted of batch and column operation; ion exchange column treatment was used. The results of the study indicated that the required effluent quality was achieved by activated carbon and ion exchange treatment of wastewater that had been chemically pretreated. The most successful treatment schemes for the biotreated effluent were pretreatment with 500 mg/L alum or 2500 mg/L lime, followed by carbon column treatment for color polishing and ion exchange for chloride removal. The lime pretreated sample produced an effluent containing less than 5 Pt-Co units color as necessary for reuse, while the alum pretreated sample would require dilution with make-up water or additional treatment (i.e. ion exchange) to obtain recycle quality. The use of ion exchange for chloride removal is not practical due to the preferential exchange for sulfates. Until such time as sulfate can be eliminated from the wastewater source, other methods of dissolved solids removal should be investigated.
M. Eng.

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Meier, Jackie N. "Effects of lignosulfonate in combination with urea on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56658.

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Lignosulfonate (LS), a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, may have the potential to increase fertilizer N availability by acting as a urease and nitrification inhibitor. Four consecutive laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the behavior of LS in agricultural soils. The effects of various types and rates of LS on soil respiration and soil N dynamics were determined. Effects of LS in combination with fertilizers on microbial activity and N dynamics were measured. Due to the high water solubility of LS a leaching column study was conducted to determine the potential leaching of LS.
Higher rates (20% w/w) of LS initially inhibited microbial activity. Generally LS was relatively resistant to degradation by soil microorganisms and small proportions of added LS-C ($<$2.1%) were leached from the soil columns, but leaching was a function of soil and moisture regime. Recovery of added mineral LS-N from soil treated with LS was low ($<$41%). Mineral N recovered from LS plus fertilizer amended soil was higher than recovery from corresponding fertilizer treatments. Lignosulfonate reduced urea hydrolysis and the proportion of added N volatilized as NH$ sb3$-N from a LS plus urea treatment. The mineral N pool from LS plus fertilizer treated soils had significantly lower NO$ sb3$-N concentrations than corresponding fertilizer treatments. Nitrification inhibition was believed to have been due to high fertilizer concentrations. At reduced urea and LS concentrations, LS decreased NO$ sb3$-N recovery in one of four soil types. However, reduced recovery may not have been from nitrification inhibition but possibly from denitrification or chemical reactions between N and phenolics from LS.

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Malinovski, Ricardo Anselmo 1976. "Otimização da distância de extração de madeira com forwarder /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101809.

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Resumo: A gestão das atividades e operações ligadas à colheita de madeira carece de ferramentas computacionais que auxiliem os técnicos florestais na tarefa de redução dos custos. Em muitos casos, máquinas de elevado investimento são utilizadas na colheita de madeira sem um planejamento adequado da operação, conseqüentemente, o custo por hora dessas máquinas, que é elevado, poderia ser reduzido, caso fossem utilizados recursos tecnológicos como o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) integrado com o Sistema de Posicionamento Global, os quais, são a base da colheita de precisão. Nesta pesquisa desenvolveu-se, através de técnicas matemáticas e de funcionalidades disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Geográficas GRASS, uma ferramenta tecnológica capaz de calcular e otimizar a distância média de extração (DME) de madeira com forwarder, em diferentes tamanhos e formatos de talhões. A ferramenta desenvolvida, chamada de modelo otimizado, compartimentaliza o talhão em função da menor distância de extração. A principal variável considerada foi o alinhamento de plantio. Para testar o modelo foram considerados talhões do gênero Eucalyptus sp de uma fazenda localizada no Estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionados aleatóriamente oito talhões com formato poligonal retangular e oito talhões com formato poligonal irregular. Visitaram-se os talhões para coletar as principais variáveis (sentido de alinhamento de plantio e condições para o depósito da madeira na beira da estrada). Foram criadas, de forma teórica, dez classes de ângulos do sentido de alinhamento de plantio, sendo que um deles foi o alinhamento em nível. Com o modelo otimizado, calculou-se a DME da madeira com forwarder para todas as classes de ângulos, comparando-se com o sentido de alinhamento adotado pela empresa. Realizou-se uma simulação do custo de deslocamento do forwarder utilizando... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The management of activities and operations on the wood harvesting, does not have good computational tools to help the forest technicians with the task of cost reduction. In many cases, machines with high investment are used in wood harvesting without any adequate operation planning, consequently, the cost per hour of these machines, which is high, could be reduced, using technological resources such as the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated with the Global Positioning System (GPS), which are the base of the precision harvest. In this research, a technological tool capable of calculating and optimizing the medium distance of skidding of the forwarder, in different sizes and formats of the stands, was developed through mathematical techniques and available functionalities in the Geographic Information System GRASS. The developed tools, called optimized model, divides the stand in small parts in relation to shorter distance of skidding. The main variable considered was the alignment of plantation. To test the model eucalypt stands located in the state of São Paulo were considered. Sixteen stands were randomly selected: eight with rectangular polygon form and eight with irregular polygon form. The stands were visited to collect the main variables. Ten angle classes of plantation alignment direction were theoretically created, one of them alignments was the direction of plantation following contour lines. The medium distance of skidding for all angle classes was calculated with the optimized model and was compared to the plantation alignment direction adopted by the company. The cost of forwarder dislocation was simulated using as a base the medium distance of skidding and the size of the small areas of the stand. The results showed that the optimized model developed is efficient and flexible. The stands with irregular form had a shorter medium distance of skidding... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Paulo Torres Fenner
Coorientador: Helmer Schack-Kirchner
Coorientador: Jorge Roberto Malinovski
Banca: Lincoln Gehring Cardoso
Banca: Ricardo Marques Barreiros
Banca: Fernando Seixas
Banca: Julio Eduardo Arce
Doutor

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16

Ramantswana, Mufhumudzi Muedanyi. "A comparison of harvester productivity and stump volume waste in coppiced and planted eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments in the KwaZulu-Natal forestry region of South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019844.

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Over the past decade the South African forestry industry has gradually experienced the ramifications of labour scarcity, increases in labour costs, the effect of HIV and AIDS and increasing timber demand. Consequently, this has led to an increase in the mechanisation rate, especially in timber harvesting operations. Due to the labour challenges in South Africa, mechanised forestry equipment has increasingly been required to operate in complex forest conditions, such as coppiced compartments, where they have not operated before. It therefore occurs that harvesters are either used in certain coppiced compartments with uncertain productivity expectations, or the harvesters are not used in these compartments due to a lack of productivity knowledge. The influence that certain factors have on harvester productivity and stump volume loss – factors such as coppice regeneration practices and stem form – is poorly understood and has not been quantified. No scientific research exists regarding the effects of coppice compartments on the productivity of a harvester and the amount of stump volume waste. This research aimed at determining the influence of tree volume, tree form, stem felled first and distance between stems on the productivity of an excavator based harvester in coppiced double, coppiced single and planted Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood compartments. Furthermore, the research determined whether there was any stump volume waste, and quantified how much of it was due to excessive stump heights by the harvester. Through regression analysis, productivity equations were derived to make productivity predictions in both coppiced and planted compartments. All stumps were evaluated for waste and the average stump volume waste in coppiced double, coppiced single and planted trees was determined. The research results showed that planted trees had the highest productivity across all tree sizes, followed by coppiced single trees and then coppiced double stems. When harvesting a 0.2 m3 tree, the mean harvester productivity was 8.7 m3 per PMH in coppiced double trees, 13.8 m3 per PMH in coppiced single trees and 16.1 m3 per PMH in planted trees. In coppiced double stems the productivity was not significantly influence by the distance between stems. However, the productivity was significantly influenced by the stem felled first. The regression results showed that if the smaller stem was felled first, the productivity would increase if the larger stem’s volume was less than 0.18 m3; however where the larger stem was greater than 0.18 m3, the relationship was reversed. In addition, the productivity for both coppiced single trees and coppiced double stems were significantly influenced by stem form. The poorly formed trees had low productivity compared to the trees with good form. The stump volume findings showed that coppiced double stems had the highest average stump volume waste per stump, with 0.00307 m3 waste, followed by coppiced single trees (0.001954 m3) and planted trees (0.001650 m3). The average stump volume waste per stump with waste for the planted trees was negligible. This research provides forestry companies and harvesting contractors with information on the effect of tree volume, tree form and stem felled first on harvester productivity in E. grandis coppiced double, coppiced single and planted compartments. This information will assist in making equipment and system selection decisions and improve operational management and control. In addition, they will also be aware of stump volume losses that will occur in the three scenarios.

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17

Tran, Xuan Vinh. "Effet d'un nouveau ciment de restauration à base de silicate tricalcique sur la réparation pulpo-dentinaire : Etude In Vivo." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T005.

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L’introduction du coiffage pulpaire dans les thérapeutiques dentaires a permis d’exploiter le potentiel de régénération de la pulpe dentaire. Le but de ce travail a été d’évaluer l’effet sur la réparation pulpo-dentinaire d’un nouveau ciment de restauration à base de silicate tricalcique dont nous avions préalablement étudié les propriétés mécaniques innovantes. Pour cela, un modèle d’effraction pulpaire sur la molaire de rat a été utilisé. Une comparaison a été réalisée entre plusieurs agents de coiffage: l’hydroxyde de calcium (Ca(OH)2), le MTA (mineraltrioxydeaggregate) et le nouveau ciment à base de silicate tricalcique. Le processus de réparation a ensuite été évalué à plusieurs temps d’un point de vue histologique,immunohistochimique et histomorphométrique. De plus, une analyse en Microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) et une analyse par dispersion des rayons X (EDX) ont permis de qualifier l’interface entre le nouveau ciment et la dentine. Aux temps précoces, nos résultats montrent que le ciment testé et MTA induisent prolifération cellulaire et formation de foyers de minéralisation fortement marquées par l’anticorps anti-ostéopontine. A quinze jours, un pont dentinaire de réparation formé par des cellules de type odontoblastique esthomogène et dense pour le groupe des silicates tricalciques alors qu’un pont poreux est observé pour le groupe Ca (OH)2. Après un mois, le pont dentinaire est plus structuré dans les trois groupes. Dans le groupe Ca (OH)2, il est en continuité avec la dentine primaire mais apparait encore hétérogène avec des inclusions cellulaires. Dans les groupes des ciments silicates tricalciques, le pont dentinaire présente une structure tubulaire et est immunopositif pour des marqueurs caractéristiques de la dentine telle la dentinsialoproteine. L’analyse par MEB montre une bonne qualité de l’interface ciment évalué-dentine attestant ainsi de l’étanchéité de l’obturation. Ces résultats suggèrent que le ciment évalué offre un environnement optimal pour la cicatrisation de la pulpe, comparable à celle obtenue avec le MTA, le ciment de référence. Avec les limitations inhérentes à l’expérimentation animale, ce ciment de restauration biocompatible dont nous avons montré la qualité des propriétés mécaniques peut également être utilisé comme agent de coiffage pulpaire direct
Pas de résumé en anglais

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18

Sánchez, Morillo-Velarde Mª Piedad. "Desarrollo de piensos formulados y requerimientos nutritivos del pulpo de roca (octopus vulgaris)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119359.

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Objetivos: - Analizar las variaciones en la composición lipídica y el contenido de carbohidratos del músculo y de la glándula digestiva de O. vulgaris durante un periodo corto de ayuno, como aproximación a sus requerimientos nutricionales. - Conocer la aceptabilidad y crecimiento de O. vulgaris alimentado con dietas formuladas con diferentes ingredientes de origen vegetal y animal. - Elaborar piensos formulados en base a los resultados previos de aceptabilidad y comprobar su rendimiento en O. vulgaris mediante ensayos de engorde y digestibilidad. - Estimar los requerimientos lipídicos de O. vulgaris después de suministrar dietas con distinto contenido en aceite de pescado, comprobando los cambios que se producen en el crecimiento, aprovechamiento nutritivo y digestibilidad de la dieta. - Determinar la composición nutricional de O. vulgaris después de suministrar dietas formuladas con distinto contenido en aceite de pescado. - Estudiar los cambios que se producen en el crecimiento, composición nutricional, aprovechamiento nutritivo y digestibilidad de la dieta de O. vulgaris después de suministrar dietas formuladas que incluyen carbohidratos simples o complejos. Metodología: -Ensayos de ayuno: Se configuraron 5 grupos experimentales (n = 4). Cuatro grupos se sacrificaron a los días 1, 2, 4 y 8 después de suministrar la última comida y un grupo control fue alimentado durante los 8 días de duración del experimento. El día del sacrificio los animales se diseccionaron separando el tejido muscular y la glándula digestiva. Se determino el contenido de carbohidratos, los lípidos totales, y las clases lipídicas mediante HPTLC. -Aceptabilidad de ingredientes: Se prepararon diferentes dietas formuladas con un ingrediente a testar (30%), gelatina como aglomerante (20%), y agua (50%). Los ingredientes de la dieta se mezclaron al Baño María a 45ºC y se dejaron enfriar a 4ºC. Se utilizaron grupos experimentales de entre 6 y 8 individuos (887,0 ± 274,2 g) y se le suministró la dieta entre 3 y 15 días. Se calcularon las tasas de alimentación y crecimiento y el índice de eficacia alimentaria de cada dieta. -Ensayos de engorde: Se probaron 8 piensos diferentes elaborados con ingredientes secos o liofilizados. La duración de los ensayos fue de 42 a 56 días con ejemplares subadultos (700-800 g) mantenidos a 18ºC en recirculación con control de la temperatura. Se realizaron análisis de composición corporal (humedad, proteína, grasa, cenizas y MELN) de los animales, las heces y en las dietas suministradas. Con los datos obtenidos se calcularon las tasas de alimentación, crecimiento y digestibilidad. Resultados y Conclusiones En los animales sometidos a un periodo de ayuno se detectó un aumento en los monoglicéridos y el colesterol en el músculo y se movilizó un promedio de 0,23 g de lípidos por día de ayuno, principalmente ácidos grasos libres, ésteres de esterol y triglicéridos procedentes de la glándula digestiva. Los lípidos contribuyeron con un 26% y los carbohidratos con un 9,9% al gasto energético diario durante el ayuno en el pulpo de roca. Los piensos elaborados con liofilizados de pescado y la yema de huevo en polvo ofrecieron los mejores resultados, con tasas de alimentación y crecimiento similares a las obtenidas para dietas naturales a base de pescado. Las dietas artificiales semihúmedas basadas en una mezcla de ingredientes secos o liofilizados, que emplearon pota (T. sagittatus) como ingrediente principal, mostraron buenas tasas de alimentación, crecimiento, aprovechamiento nutritivo y digestibilidad, igualando o superando las dietas naturales a base de pescado. Se sugieren tasas óptimas de ingesta de lípidos para el pulpo en torno a 1 g al día, con porcentajes apropiados de grasa para dietas formuladas entre el 13-14% en sustancia seca, aunque estos porcentajes pueden variar en futuros estudios según las proporciones de lípidos polares y neutros de la dieta. La dieta mejor aceptada incluía almidón al 5%, aunque los mejores índices de aprovechamiento nutritivo se observaron en la dieta con glucosa al 5%, destacando un PPV del 72% e índices de conversión inferiores a 1
Aims: - To analyse the variations in lipid composition and carbohydrates content of muscle and digestive gland of O. vulgaris during short-term starvation as approximation to its nutritional requirements. - To determine the acceptability and growth of O. vulgaris fed formulated diets with different ingredients of vegetal and animal origin. - To prepare formulated diets based on the previous results of acceptability and check its efficiencies on O. vulgaris by means of ongrowing and digestibility experiments. - To estimate the lipid requirements of O. vulgaris after supplying diets with different content in fish oil, comparing the changes that take place in the growth, feed efficiency and digestibility of diet. - To determine the proximate and lipid classes composition of O. vulgaris after supplying formulated diets with different content in fish oil. - To study the changes that produce in the growth, nutritional composition, feed efficiency and digestibility of diet in O. vulgaris after supplying formulated diets including simple or complexes carbohydrates. Methodology: -Experiment of starvation: We configured 5 experimental groups (N = 4). Four groups were sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 8 days after the last meal and a group control was fed throughout the 8 day experimental period. The day of the sacrifice the animals were dissected separating the muscular and the digestive gland. We determined the content of carbohydrates, total lipids, and lipid classes by means of HPTLC. -Acceptability of ingredients: We prepared different formulated diets with an ingredient to test (30%), gelatine as binder (20%) and water (50%). The ingredients of the diet were mixed at 45ºC and cool to 4 ºC. Each diet was tested in experimental groups of between 6 and 8 individuals (887.0 ± 274. g) during a period between 3 and 15 days. The feeding and growth rates and feed efficiency indices of each diet were calculated. -Ongrowing experiments: Eight different formulated diets including dry or freeze-dried ingredients were tested. The length of the experiments was of 42 to 56 days with subadults (700-800 g) kept to 18ºC in a recirculation seawater system with control of the temperature. The proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid, ash and MELN) of the animals, the faeces and the diets supplied were analysed. The feeding and growth rates and digestibility were calculated with the data obtained. Results and Conclusions In the animals subjected to a starvation period detected an increase in the monoacylglycerols and the cholesterol in the muscle and 0.23 g of lipids by day of starvation, mainly free fatty acids, steryl esters and triacylglycerols were mobilized from the digestive gland. The lipids contributed with 26% and the carbohydrates with a 9.9 % of the energy costs of the animals during starvation in octopus. The elaborated diet based on freeze-dried fish and egg yolk powder offered the best results, with feeding and growth rates similar to the obtained for natural diets based on fish. The semi-moist formulated diets based on a mixture of dried or freeze-dried ingredients, composed of squid (T. sagittatus) as the main ingredient, showed good feeding and growth rates, feed efficiency and digestibility, similar or surpassing the natural diets based on fish. We propose optimal lipid feeding rates of around 1 g day-1, with appropriate percentages of lipid for formulated diets between the 13-14% dry matter, although these percentages can vary in future studies according to the proportions of polar and neutral lipids of the diet. The best acceptability was detected in the diet formulated with 5% of starch, although the best feed efficiency was observed in the diet with 5% of glucose, highlighting a productive protein value of 72% and a food conversion ratio lower than

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19

Russell, Elizabeth F. (Elizabeth Fiona). "Influence of ammonium lignosulfonate fertilizer mixtures on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and nutrient composition." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61168.

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Fertilizer P fixation and fertilizer N losses in soils may be reduced through additions of polyphenolic compounds. The influence of ammonium lignosulfonate (NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS) on triple superphosphate (TSP) efficiency was investigated in a soil incubation study using three Quebec soils and in a growth bench study using one soil. For the incubation study, soils were analyzed for pH and P extractability, as a function of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS rate and time. In the growth bench study, TSP and NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS were applied at varying rates and corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter yields and nutrient compositions analyzed. Similar studies were conducted in subsequent growth bench studies, to evaluate combinations of NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS, diammonium phosphate (DAP), and urea on two soils.
Ammonium LS increased soluble P levels when applied with TSP. The effect was most significant in fine textured soils, and increased with time. This improved P availability to plants, without affecting growth. The optimum NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS:P$ sb2$O$ sb5$ application ratio was approximately 2.8:1. Ammonium LS did not improve availability of DAP-P in either of the subsequent experiments, nor did it improve urea fertilizer efficiency. Some NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS-urea-DAP formulations did, however, improve corn growth beyond that obtained when only urea and DAP were applied in combination. In nutrient amended soils, applying NH$ sb4 sp+$-LS DAP was detrimental to growth and, for some application rates, reduced nutrient uptake.

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20

Wang, Gewei. "Does market concentration motivate pulp and paper mills to vertically integrate?" Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08242005-143103/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Haizheng Li, Committee Chair ; Patrick McCarthy, Committee Member ; Vivek Ghosal, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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21

Landon-Browne, Ayesha. "Combined Short-lived (182W, 142Nd) and Long-lived (147Sm-143Nd) Isotope Study on Rocks from the Pulpwood-Playter Harbour Sequence (Wawa Subprovince): Constraints on the Mantle Source of Neoarchean Ferropicrites." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39573.

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Short-lived isotope systems can be utilized to track differentiation processes that had occurred during Earth’s early history. Both the 182Hf-182W and 146Sm-142Nd systems are sensitive to silicate fractionation events due to differing parent-daughter incompatibilities. The 182Hf-182W system is also affected by metal-silicate fractionation events due to the siderophile nature of W. An increasing number of mantle-derived rocks, mainly formed during the Archean (4.0-2.5 Ga), have presented variable anomalies in the daughter products of both systems, indicating their sources contain isotope signatures established shortly after the formation of the Earth. Some Archean Fe-rich primitive magmas known as ferropicrites, have been suggested to derive from mantle domains that differentiated after the crystallization of a Hadean (>4.0 Ga) magma ocean. In order to investigate the potential involvement of a Hadean source in the petrogenesis of Archean ferropicrites, we have studied the Nd and W isotopic compositions of rocks from the Pulpwood-Playter Harbour sequence in the Wawa subprovince, Ontario, Canada. This sequence is composed of ferropicritic intrusive rocks and lavas in association with tholeiitic mafic lavas. A 147Sm-143Nd isochron including all lithologies yields an age of 2681±51 Ma (MSWD =6.6) with an initial 143Nd of +2.5. This Nd initial isotopic composition indicates the rocks were derived from a long-term incompatible-element depleted mantle source. Both the ferropicritic and the tholeiitic rocks plot on the same isochron, suggesting they derived from the same mantle source, despite their different geochemical compositions. Negative 142Nd anomalies compared to the Nd terrestrial standard were found in the majority of the rocks studied here, yielding an average μ142Nd value of -2.0±3.9. Although not resolvable from the terrestrial standard given iii the current analytical precision, the fact that almost all analysed samples exhibit negative μ142Nd values could suggest the influence of a Hadean source in their formation. If this is the case, a single early silicate fractionation event occurring between 4.56 and 4.47 Ga could explain both the ε143Nd and μ142Nd values obtained for the studied rocks. Alternatively, the involvement of eclogitic material, with a Hadean basaltic protolith, interacting with Archean peridotitic mantle could explain the Nd isotopic composition of the ferropicrites, but this would not account for the identical isotopic composition of the tholeiites – thus rendering a garnet pyroxenite source improbable. One intrusive ferropicritic sample yielded a resolvable 182W excess of +14.1 ±6.7 ppm. If this excess 182W is characteristic of the Pulpwood-Playter Harbour sequence, it indicates the decoupling of 182Hf-182W and 146Sm-142Nd systems. This decoupling could be explained by early metal-silicate fractionation recorded in the Hf-W systematics of these rocks or the contribution of Fe-rich meteoritic material into the source of ferropicrites.

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22

Vene, Gérard. "Comparaison entre différentes techniques d'inclusion en vue de l'étude histologique du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610602x.

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Vene, Gérard. "Comparaison entre différentes techniques d'inclusion en vue de l'étude histologique du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE7505.

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24

Nordvall, Hans-Olof. "Studies on market analysis of forest-based products /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5621-5.pdf.

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25

Malinovski, Ricardo Anselmo [UNESP]. "Otimização da distância de extração de madeira com forwarder." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101809.

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A gestão das atividades e operações ligadas à colheita de madeira carece de ferramentas computacionais que auxiliem os técnicos florestais na tarefa de redução dos custos. Em muitos casos, máquinas de elevado investimento são utilizadas na colheita de madeira sem um planejamento adequado da operação, conseqüentemente, o custo por hora dessas máquinas, que é elevado, poderia ser reduzido, caso fossem utilizados recursos tecnológicos como o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) integrado com o Sistema de Posicionamento Global, os quais, são a base da colheita de precisão. Nesta pesquisa desenvolveu-se, através de técnicas matemáticas e de funcionalidades disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Geográficas GRASS, uma ferramenta tecnológica capaz de calcular e otimizar a distância média de extração (DME) de madeira com forwarder, em diferentes tamanhos e formatos de talhões. A ferramenta desenvolvida, chamada de modelo otimizado, compartimentaliza o talhão em função da menor distância de extração. A principal variável considerada foi o alinhamento de plantio. Para testar o modelo foram considerados talhões do gênero Eucalyptus sp de uma fazenda localizada no Estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionados aleatóriamente oito talhões com formato poligonal retangular e oito talhões com formato poligonal irregular. Visitaram-se os talhões para coletar as principais variáveis (sentido de alinhamento de plantio e condições para o depósito da madeira na beira da estrada). Foram criadas, de forma teórica, dez classes de ângulos do sentido de alinhamento de plantio, sendo que um deles foi o alinhamento em nível. Com o modelo otimizado, calculou-se a DME da madeira com forwarder para todas as classes de ângulos, comparando-se com o sentido de alinhamento adotado pela empresa. Realizou-se uma simulação do custo de deslocamento do forwarder utilizando...
The management of activities and operations on the wood harvesting, does not have good computational tools to help the forest technicians with the task of cost reduction. In many cases, machines with high investment are used in wood harvesting without any adequate operation planning, consequently, the cost per hour of these machines, which is high, could be reduced, using technological resources such as the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated with the Global Positioning System (GPS), which are the base of the precision harvest. In this research, a technological tool capable of calculating and optimizing the medium distance of skidding of the forwarder, in different sizes and formats of the stands, was developed through mathematical techniques and available functionalities in the Geographic Information System GRASS. The developed tools, called optimized model, divides the stand in small parts in relation to shorter distance of skidding. The main variable considered was the alignment of plantation. To test the model eucalypt stands located in the state of São Paulo were considered. Sixteen stands were randomly selected: eight with rectangular polygon form and eight with irregular polygon form. The stands were visited to collect the main variables. Ten angle classes of plantation alignment direction were theoretically created, one of them alignments was the direction of plantation following contour lines. The medium distance of skidding for all angle classes was calculated with the optimized model and was compared to the plantation alignment direction adopted by the company. The cost of forwarder dislocation was simulated using as a base the medium distance of skidding and the size of the small areas of the stand. The results showed that the optimized model developed is efficient and flexible. The stands with irregular form had a shorter medium distance of skidding... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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26

Penariol, Ana Paula [UNESP]. "Germinação e morfologia de sementes de Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook (Arecaceae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96803.

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A palmeira Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook, embora muito utilizada no paisagismo brasileiro, há poucas informações sobre produção de mudas; desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a morfologia do diásporo (semente com o endocarpo aderido) e da plântula, bem como, estudar o efeito do despolpamento e do armazenamento na germinação de sementes provenientes de frutos de diferentes estádios de maturação. Para estudo do efeito do despolpamento em diferentes estádios de maturação, o delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3, ou seja, com e sem polpa nos três estádios de maturação (vermelho, amarelo, preto). Utilizou-se 4 repetições de 25 diásporos que foram acondicionados em caixas plásticas contendo vermiculita média, colocadas em condições de laboratório (24,5-27,5°C). Para o estudo de armazenamento, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado; os diásporos foram acondicionados em sacos de polietileno transparentes e colocados em câmara fria (3-4ºC e UR de 80 a 85%). Logo após a colheita (testemunha) e mensalmente, durante 10 meses, 4 repetições de 25 diásporos eram colocados em caixas plásticas, contendo vermiculita média e levados para câmaras de germinação tipo BOD com temperatura controlada de 35°C. A contagem da germinação foi realizada diariamente, até estabilização da germinação, utilizando como critério o aparecimento do botão germinativo. Determinou-se a porcentagem de germinação e o Índice de Velocidade de Germinação – IVG. Para o estudo do despolpamento em diferentes estádios de maturação, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% e para armazenamento, foi realizada análise de regressão polinomial. Verificou-se que as sementes são albuminosas, com endosperma rígido ocupando quase todo o interior do diásporo; o embrião...
The palm (Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook), though very much used in the Brazilian landscape gardening there are few information on production of seedlings. However, the objective of this work was to report the morphology of the diaspores (seed with adherent endocarp) and of the seedling, as well as, to study the pulping effect and the storage in the seeds germination from fruits of different maturation and stages. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, following a factorial scheme (2x3) with four replications of 25 diaspores. These were conditioned in plastic boxes containing vermiculite and put in laboratory condition (24,5-27,5°C) to study the pulping effect. In another hand, for storage study the diaspores were conditioned in transparent polyethylene bags and put in chamber chill (3-4ºC and relative humidity of 80 a 85%). Analysis germination was carried out daily until complete stabilization of the germination, using as criterion the appearance of the germinative intumescences. The parameters analyzed were percentage of germination - PG and germination speed index – GSI. The pulping data’s were submitted to variance analysis and the average values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% and the storage data’s were analyzed through Polinomial Regression. The results showed that seeds are the albumin type with rigid endosperm occupying almost all the diaspores, with lateral and peripherical embryo. It was conclude that seeds grew by 10 months storage through. The pulping independent maturation stage fruit allowed high percentage and germination speed. Seeds from black and yellow fruits showed larger percentage germination comparing with red fruits, as well as, when storage in chamber chill, where black fruit had 98% germination, yellow fruit 97% and red fruit 85%.

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Penariol, Ana Paula. "Germinação e morfologia de sementes de Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook (Arecaceae) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96803.

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Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta
Banca: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho
Banca: Claudia Fabrino Machado Mattiuz
Resumo: A palmeira Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook, embora muito utilizada no paisagismo brasileiro, há poucas informações sobre produção de mudas; desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a morfologia do diásporo (semente com o endocarpo aderido) e da plântula, bem como, estudar o efeito do despolpamento e do armazenamento na germinação de sementes provenientes de frutos de diferentes estádios de maturação. Para estudo do efeito do despolpamento em diferentes estádios de maturação, o delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x3, ou seja, com e sem polpa nos três estádios de maturação (vermelho, amarelo, preto). Utilizou-se 4 repetições de 25 diásporos que foram acondicionados em caixas plásticas contendo vermiculita média, colocadas em condições de laboratório (24,5-27,5°C). Para o estudo de armazenamento, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado; os diásporos foram acondicionados em sacos de polietileno transparentes e colocados em câmara fria (3-4ºC e UR de 80 a 85%). Logo após a colheita (testemunha) e mensalmente, durante 10 meses, 4 repetições de 25 diásporos eram colocados em caixas plásticas, contendo vermiculita média e levados para câmaras de germinação tipo BOD com temperatura controlada de 35°C. A contagem da germinação foi realizada diariamente, até estabilização da germinação, utilizando como critério o aparecimento do botão germinativo. Determinou-se a porcentagem de germinação e o Índice de Velocidade de Germinação - IVG. Para o estudo do despolpamento em diferentes estádios de maturação, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% e para armazenamento, foi realizada análise de regressão polinomial. Verificou-se que as sementes são albuminosas, com endosperma rígido ocupando quase todo o interior do diásporo; o embrião... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The palm (Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook), though very much used in the Brazilian landscape gardening there are few information on production of seedlings. However, the objective of this work was to report the morphology of the diaspores (seed with adherent endocarp) and of the seedling, as well as, to study the pulping effect and the storage in the seeds germination from fruits of different maturation and stages. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, following a factorial scheme (2x3) with four replications of 25 diaspores. These were conditioned in plastic boxes containing vermiculite and put in laboratory condition (24,5-27,5°C) to study the pulping effect. In another hand, for storage study the diaspores were conditioned in transparent polyethylene bags and put in chamber chill (3-4ºC and relative humidity of 80 a 85%). Analysis germination was carried out daily until complete stabilization of the germination, using as criterion the appearance of the germinative intumescences. The parameters analyzed were percentage of germination - PG and germination speed index - GSI. The pulping data's were submitted to variance analysis and the average values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% and the storage data's were analyzed through Polinomial Regression. The results showed that seeds are the albumin type with rigid endosperm occupying almost all the diaspores, with lateral and peripherical embryo. It was conclude that seeds grew by 10 months storage through. The pulping independent maturation stage fruit allowed high percentage and germination speed. Seeds from black and yellow fruits showed larger percentage germination comparing with red fruits, as well as, when storage in chamber chill, where black fruit had 98% germination, yellow fruit 97% and red fruit 85%.
Mestre

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Beard, D. G. "Age related changes in the pulpo-dentinal complex of the apical third of human and dog teeth." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636064.

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Forensic Dentistry has highlighted a pressing need for a better and more precise ageing technique in the identification of adult human remains. This Thesis is a fundamental study of apical third odontoblasts and adjacent dentine [the pulpo-dentinal complex] in vital, disease-free human teeth of various ages using similar carnivore teeth as an animal model. The role of intratubular dentine (ITD) in the ageing of tubular dentine has been questioned. The nature of the organic matrix, authoritatively believed to be non-collagenous and providing the network for apatite mineralisation, offered a vehicle which may involve a component that could act as a marker for ITD development with age. A non-collagenous protein manufactured in the liver, Alpha2HSglycoprotein (α2HS), which was thought to implicate the odontoblasts in its transmission to the dentinal tubule and known to be a part of hard tissue mineralisation, was investigated by immunohistochemical means. Previous monoclonal antibodies could not be reproduced therefore a new immunohistochemical protocol based on polyclonal antibodies was devised. Positive and negative controls were used. The extent of α2HS was quantitatively assessed by a modified Image Pro-plus Programme: SPSS used for data analysis. Correlation of ITD with age using α2HS is discussed together with the involvement of the protein in 'occlusive material' and amorphous pulpal dentine. The age changes in the apical third of the root of vital, disease-free, single-rooted teeth whilst occurring as age advanced may be less obviously correlated to age than previously thought. The use of the extent of ITD as an age determinant was considered not to be proven. The use of the carnivore model was effective and reliable.

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Querol, Ordóñez Pablo. "Diseño y optimización de un pienso extrusionado para la alimentación y crecimiento del pulpo común (Octopus vulgaris)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/38758.

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Durante la presente investigación, se formularán y fabricarán diferentes piensos extrusionados conteniendo diferentes aglutinantes y atrayentes con objetivo de que lo acepten e ingieran los pulpos. Posteriormente se trabajará en la mejora de las condiciones físicas de los piensos, como la dureza y la elasticidad, además de la composición nutricional, con el fin de mejorar, tanto la ingesta como el crecimiento de los pulpos.
Querol Ordóñez, P. (2014). Diseño y optimización de un pienso extrusionado para la alimentación y crecimiento del pulpo común (Octopus vulgaris) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38758
TESIS

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Medioni, Etienne. "Intérêt de l'utilisation de différents colorations en vue de l'étude du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux en histologie photonique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376078902.

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Monginot, Jean. "Approche morphologique du devenir du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux étudiés après mise au point des différentes techniques d'examen." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376081504.

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Medioni, Étienne. "Intérêt de l'utilisation de différentes colorations en vue de l'étude du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux en histologie photonique." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE7503.

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Monginot, Jean. "Approche morphologique du devenir du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux, étudiés après mise au point des différentes techniques d'examen." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE7504.

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Valančius, Lukas. "Žemsiurbės „Watermaster Classic III“ darbo efektyvumo įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_143104-23202.

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Magistriniame darbe pateikta literatūros analizė, tyrimų tikslas ir uždaviniai, tyrimo metodika, tyrimų rezultatai ir jų analizė, išvados. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje ežerams valyti naudojamų žemsiurbių pagrindinis trūkumas yra siurbiama skysta pulpa ir mažas jos transportavimo atstumas. Tyrimų tikslas yra įvertinti dažniausiai naudojamos žemsiurbės „Watermaster Classic III“ tinkamumą ežerų valymui Lietuvoje. Tiesioginiais matavimais, trijuose pjūviuose, buvo nustatyti vandens gyliai išvalytose Masčio ežero ir Pakruojo tvenkinio dalyse. Suspenduotų dalelių kiekiui vandenyje nustatyti, iš Masčio ežero buvo paimti buteliu – batometru vandens mėginiai (iš karto baigus siurbimą), tūriniu būdu išmatuotas žemsiurbės našumas. Išmatavus vandens gylius, buvo atlikta aprašomoji stastika, kurios metu buvo pasitelkta „Hydrotech” bei “Microsoft Excel”programinė įranga. Autorius savo jėgomis atliko visus tyrimus. Nustatyta, kad valant Masčio ežero dalį žemsiurbe „Watermaster Classic III“, valymo tolygumas atskiruose pjūviuose siekė 8,1–10,2 %, žymiai prastesnis nei palyginimui Pakruojo tvenkinio dalyje, valant žemsiurbe „3350MK“ (tolygumas sieke 2,9–3,2 %). Esant darbinei konsistencijai 3,7 %, žemsiurbės „Watermaster Classic III“ našumas už 433 m siekė 76 %. Suspenduotų dalelių kiekis tik pirmą dieną prie žemsiurbės buvo žymiai didesnis už foninį lygį, už 10–20 m foninio lygio, o vėliau visur tapo foninio lygmens. Žemsiurbės „Watermaster Classic III“ dienos darbo laiko panaudojimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This Master's thesis presents the analysis of the literature, the aim and tasks of researches, the methodology, results, analysis and conclusions of the research. It was found that the main drawbacks of dredges which are cleaning lakes in Lithuania are the liquid pulp pumped and its low transportation distance. The aim of this research is to evaluate the most commonly used dredges’ “Watermaster Classic III” suitability for cleaning lakes in Lithuania. The water depths in three sections cleaned in Mastis and Pakruojis lakes were determined by direct measurements, to identify the quantity of suspended particles in the water in Mastis lake (immediately after dredging) water samples were taken with bottle – bathometer and the efficiency of dredge was evaluated using volumetric method. After measuring water death the descriptive statistic was carried out using “Hydrotech“ and “Microsoft Excel” software. All researches were made by author itself. It was found that dredging part of the lake Mastis with “Watermaster Classic III” cleaning uniformity in separate sections was 8.1 to 10.2% while cleaning the part of lake Pakruojis with the dredge „3350MK“ uniformity was significantly lower (2,9 to 3,2 %). In 3.7 % operating consistency “Watermaster Classic III” performance at 433 m was 76 %. The quantity of suspended particles only the first day around the dredge was significantly higher than the background level – 10-20 m above it but later everywhere became equal to background level... [to full text]

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Vidrich, Filho Hélio. "Avaliação da força de preensão palmar plena e pulpo-lateral : relação com a antropometria da mão e posições de trabalho /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89744.

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Orientador : José Carlos Plácido da Silva
Banca: José Antonio Galbiatti
Banca: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli
Resumo: O presente trabalho avaliou 60 indivíduos, sem patologias, 30 homens e 30 mulheres, entre 17 e 70 anos, totalizando 120 membros superiores. Elaborou-se um protocolo, a fim de se avaliar a força de preensão palmar plena, medida com o Dinamômetro JAMAR®, e a força de preensão pulpo-lateral, medida com o Medidor de Pinça B&L, correlacionando-as com o gênero, idade, posições dos membros superiores e medidas antropométricas da mão. Constatou-se que ambas as forças de preensão foram maiores no gênero masculino do que no gênero feminino, assim como, as medidas antropométricas das mãos. Levando-se em conta a correlação das forças com as posições dos membros superiores, nas quais foram avaliadas as forças não se encontrou correlação estatisticamente significativa em nenhuma das posições, porém, observou-se correlação com algumas medidas antropométricas das mãos, como largura da mão, comprimento do polegar e do dedo médio, assim como da mão. Portanto as medidas antropométricas devem ser consideradas em uma avaliação clínica e/ou ergonômica.
Abstract: The present research evaluated 60 people without any current pathologies, 30 male and 30 female whose age range went from 17 to 70 years old making up a total of 120 upper limbs. A protocol was created aiming to evaluate full grip strength, measured with JAMAR® Dynamometer, and lateral pulp grasp measured with B&L Pinch, relating them to gender, age, upper limbs positions and anthropometrical hand measurements. It has been noticed that both grip strengths were larger with males rather than females as well as the anthropometrical hand measurements. Taking into consideration the relation of the forces with the upper limbs positions in which the forces were evaluated, no meaningful statistical relation was found in any of the positions, however, a relation with some anthropometrical hand measurement were noticed such as hand width, thumb and middle finger length, as well as the hands. Therefore, the anthropometrical hand measurements shall be regarded towards a clinical and/or ergonomic evaluation.
Mestre

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Vidrich, Filho Hélio [UNESP]. "Avaliação da força de preensão palmar plena e pulpo-lateral: relação com a antropometria da mão e posições de trabalho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89744.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho avaliou 60 indivíduos, sem patologias, 30 homens e 30 mulheres, entre 17 e 70 anos, totalizando 120 membros superiores. Elaborou-se um protocolo, a fim de se avaliar a força de preensão palmar plena, medida com o Dinamômetro JAMAR®, e a força de preensão pulpo-lateral, medida com o Medidor de Pinça B&L, correlacionando-as com o gênero, idade, posições dos membros superiores e medidas antropométricas da mão. Constatou-se que ambas as forças de preensão foram maiores no gênero masculino do que no gênero feminino, assim como, as medidas antropométricas das mãos. Levando-se em conta a correlação das forças com as posições dos membros superiores, nas quais foram avaliadas as forças não se encontrou correlação estatisticamente significativa em nenhuma das posições, porém, observou-se correlação com algumas medidas antropométricas das mãos, como largura da mão, comprimento do polegar e do dedo médio, assim como da mão. Portanto as medidas antropométricas devem ser consideradas em uma avaliação clínica e/ou ergonômica.
The present research evaluated 60 people without any current pathologies, 30 male and 30 female whose age range went from 17 to 70 years old making up a total of 120 upper limbs. A protocol was created aiming to evaluate full grip strength, measured with JAMAR® Dynamometer, and lateral pulp grasp measured with B&L Pinch, relating them to gender, age, upper limbs positions and anthropometrical hand measurements. It has been noticed that both grip strengths were larger with males rather than females as well as the anthropometrical hand measurements. Taking into consideration the relation of the forces with the upper limbs positions in which the forces were evaluated, no meaningful statistical relation was found in any of the positions, however, a relation with some anthropometrical hand measurement were noticed such as hand width, thumb and middle finger length, as well as the hand s. Therefore, the anthropometrical hand measurements shall be regarded towards a clinical and/or ergonomic evaluation.

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Chmilewsky, Fanny. "Interactions entre cellules progénitrices et fibroblastes au cours de la régénération pulpo-dentinaire : rôle de l'activation du système du complémént." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5300.

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L’activation du système complément, qui se produit à la suite d’une infection ou d’un trauma, génère de puissants signaux moléculaires capables d’initier la réaction inflammatoire. Parmi ces signaux, le fragment actif C5a permet de recruter sur le site lésé les cellules qui expriment son récepteur (le C5aR/CD88). Bien que le C5aR/CD88 soit initialement connu pour être exprimé par les cellules inflammatoires, il est établi que de nombreuses cellules non immunitaires expriment ce récepteur indiquant son implication dans d’autres processus. Nos résultats ont permis de démontrer que l’activation du système du complément au niveau de la pulpe dentaire est réalisée non seulement à partir des protéines plasmatiques mais aussi des protéines synthétisées par les fibroblastes pulpaires. Ainsi, l’activation locale du système du complément, produit à la suite d’une infection, d’un trauma ou de l’application de biomatériaux, génère du C5a qui induit la migration des cellules progénitrices. Ce travail démontre pour la toute première fois l’implication du fragment actif C5a dans le recrutement de progénitrices pulpaires, étape clef au processus de régénération pulpo-Dentinaire. Ces travaux pourraient donc constituer une piste sérieuse dans l’établissement de nouvelles thérapies permettant de cibler les cellules progénitrices au cours du processus de régénération
After tissue injury or infection, Complement activation provides powerful signals initiating the inflammatory reaction. These events are mediated by biologically active fragments such as C5a which attracts cells expressing its receptor (C5aR/CD88) to the injury site. Besides inflammatory cells as the main C5aR-Expressing cells, various tissue cells have been reported to express this receptor suggesting its involvement in other processes. In order to investigate the possible relationship between complement activation and pulp regeneration, we investigated Complement activation in the dental pulp and progenitor cell migration from their perivascular niches to the pulp injury site to initiate the regeneration process.Our results indicate that complement activation in the dental pulp is the result of both plasma and fibroblast secreted complement proteins. Thus upon local complement activation, which can occur after pathological injury or biomaterials application, C5a induces pulp progenitors’ migration which is critical in initiating the regenerative processes. To our knowledge, this is the first work to demonstrate the involvement of C5a biologically active fragment in the recruitment human pulp progenitor cells. This may provide a useful future therapeutic tool in targeting the progenitor cells in a dentin/pulp regeneration process

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Gunnarsson, Björn. "Underröjningsgradens påverkan på förstagallringsnetto med flerträdsaggregat." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-40691.

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I Sverige finns ca 1,2 miljoner hektar skog som bedöms ha omedelbart röjningsbehov. Skog där röjningen uteblir eller är svag kan komma att klassas som konfliktbestånd. I konfliktbestånd är stammarna många och diameterspridningen stor och dessa kan då behövas underröjas innan gallring. I denna studie jämfördes produktionen, kostnaderna och intäkterna från fyra olika underröjningsbehandlingar, oröjd, siktröjt, röjt allt upp till 5 cm i brösthöjd och röjt allt upp till 7 cm i brösthöjd. Behandlingen oröjd gav det bästa nettot och sämst hade upp till 5 cm efter gallring och uttransport av virke. En anpassad eller svag röjning gav lägre totalkostnader jämfört med ingen eller hårdare röjning.
In Sweden there are about 1,2 million hectares of forest with immediate need of pre-commercial thinning. Stands, where conducted pre-commercial thinning are light or even absent, become tight with thin stems. In such stands pre-commercial thinning before first thinning may be required, due to operational advantages such as increased visibility. This study compared production, cost and revenues from four different pre-commercial thinning treatments: no pre-commercial thinning, sight pre-commercial thinning, cleared everything up to 5 cm diameter at breast height and cleared everything up to 7 cm diameter at breast height. The treatments whit no pre-commercial thinning had best net value and worst had up to 5 cm. A custom or weak pre-commercial thinning give a lower total cost compared to no or harder pre-commercial thinning.

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Auzias, Frédéric. "Etude comparative de différentes techniques de ramollissement des dents humaines en vue de l'étude histologique du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602483g.

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Auzias, Frédéric. "Étude comparative de différentes techniques de ramollissement des dents humaines en vue de l'étude histologique du contenu des canaux pulpo-parodontaux." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE7502.

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Rodríguez, González Tania. "Desarrollo de dietas semihúmedas formuladas para cefalópodos (Octopus vulgaris y Enteroctopus megalocyathus): alteraciones lipídicas en materias primas deshidratadas y suplementación con lípidos polares." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/92650.

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El interés del pulpo de roca como especie para producción acuícola creció durante las últimas décadas, pero su desarrollo fue ralentizado por la falta de dietas formuladas adecuadas que garantizaran el crecimiento de Octopus vulgaris. La primera sección de esta tesis está enfocada en la deshidratación que se lleva a cabo para la obtención de ingredientes. El Capítulo I trata de la selección de un método de deshidratación para materias primas incluidas en dietas artificiales para el engorde. Los resultados reflejaron que la inclusión de boga deshidratada a baja temperatura (≈ 60°C) como ingrediente tuvo un efecto similar a la inclusión de boga liofilizada en relación al crecimiento, la ingesta, la digestibilidad de nutrientes y la supervivencia sugiriendo este tipo de deshidratación como apropiado para ser aplicado en materias primas destinadas al engorde de pulpo. En el Capítulo II se analizó el perfil de clases lipídicas en materias primas de origen marino (moluscos, crustáceos y peces) y estándares de lípidos puros congelados y deshidratados por liofilización o exposición a aire caliente, a 60 °C y 100 °C. El calor aplicado causó una reducción del total de lípidos polares (TPL) y un incremento del total de lípidos neutros (TNL), de forma más marcada cuanto mayor fue la temperatura aplicada. La segunda sección aborda la selección de un protocolo de alimentación. Para ello, se evaluó el rendimiento de la misma dieta artificial (ingesta, crecimiento, eficacia alimentaria, digestibilidad y condición de los animales) aplicando dos protocolos de alimentación en los que se incluyeron dos o tres días de ayuno no consecutivos por semana. Ambos tratamientos fueron similares en relación al crecimiento y la digestibilidad de nutrientes (P>0,05), no registraron mortalidad y mostraron tasas de ingesta superiores el día posterior al ayuno. Sin embargo, con tres días de ayuno se observó una mejora de la eficacia alimentaria. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el pulpo podría tener la capacidad de compensar los días de ayuno aumentando la ingesta, en el día posterior al ayuno, u optimizando el uso de sus reservas. Además, en términos comerciales, la reducción de los días de alimentación supondría una reducción de los costes de producción. La tercera sección de este documento se centra en la suplementación de dietas con lípidos polares de origen vegetal y animal. La adición de fosfolípidos fue promotora de mejoras en el crecimiento, la supervivencia y funciones digestivas en otros organismos marinos. Sin embargo, la inclusión de lecitina, ya fuera de soja o marina, como fuente de lípidos polares no generó mejoras en el rendimiento. En la cuarta y última sección de esta tesis, se comprobó que los avances generados en dietas para O. vulgaris podían ser transferidos a otra especie. El suministro de piensos a juveniles de pulpo rojo patagónico (Enteroctopus megalocyathus) generó rendimientos satisfactorios indicando que el formato y la formulación de dietas para O.vulgaris pueden ser transferidos y considerados para el desarrollo futuro de dietas específicas para el engorde de esta especie.

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Teixeira, Marcos Moulin. "Influência dos diferentes processos de pós-colheita na agregação de valor do café conilon." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6599.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Moulin Teixeira.pdf: 1978246 bytes, checksum: 2e2ea29a5d955ce66c6afc0ece542ef0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-29
The Espírito Santo State emerges as the largest producer of conilon coffee, contributing with 72% of national production. Innovative production technologies were developed and refined by the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural and partners. However, in the area of post-harvest there are few scientific studies. Thus, this study assesses the relationship of different forms of post-harvest processing of conilon coffee with product quality, operating costs and eventual profitability. Data were collected in the Unidade Regional de Cafés Especiais Conilon- Sul (URCE-SUL), located in the municipality of Mimoso do Sul in the South of Espírito Santo state. The experiment consisted of six treatments and conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of: i) Traditional Terrace(TT);(ii) Traditional Dryer (TD),(iii) Washed Terrace (LT; (iv) Washed Dryer (WD) (v) Pulped Coffee Cherry Beans Terrace (PCCT), and (vi) Pulped Dryer (CDS). Represented by different harvest seasons (06/10, 06/16, 06/22 and 07/01) in the year 2010. The percentage of fruits and buoys ratio between ripe and green, drying time and its respective quantity processed, the costs and profitability of coffee processed in different post-harvest treatments was determined. The drying was made on a terrace paved with cement and rotary dryer of indirect fire. The processing of coffee from all treatments was made on a single machine, when coffee was 13% humidity. Under the conditions that study was conducted, it can conclude that: a) at the beginning of the harvest there is the lowest percentage of buoys and ripe fruits and a higher percentage of green fruit, b) pulped coffee cherry beans presents the lowest drying time and greater volume of coffee obtained by drying unit, both on a terrace paved with cement and in dryer; c) the cost of drying in machine is higher than the cost of the drying in terrace, within the same mode of post-harvest process, d) labor is the component of operating cost with the highest weight, e) the lowest cost infrastructure is in the process of post-harvest traditional terrace and the largest is the pulped coffee cherry beans dryer; f) the process of post-harvest is more profitable pulped coffee cherry beans with the drying terrace and lower profitability of the process is the washed with drying machine, g)the largest number of defects appears in the traditional treatment that not received terrace processing, called natural drying in the open; and, h) in sensory scale conilon coffee, all the coffees are classified as recommended for consumption, and the pulped coffee cherry beans dry in dryer and terrace are gourmet and other treatments are superior.
O Estado do Espírito Santo destaca-se como o maior produtor brasileiro de café conilon, contribuindo com 72% da produção nacional. Tecnologias inovadoras de produção foram desenvolvidas e aprimoradas no estado pelo Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural e instituições parceiras. Contudo, na área de pós-colheita verificam-se poucos estudos científicos. Assim, este trabalho avalia a relação de diferentes formas de processamento de pós-colheita de café conilon com a qualidade do produto, custos de operações e rentabilidade final. Os dados foram coletados na Unidade Regional de Cafés Especiais Conilon- Sul (URCE-SUL), localizada no município de Mimoso do Sul ES. O experimento foi montado num delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de: i)Tradicional Terreiro (TT); (ii) Tradicional Secador (TS); (iii) Lavado Terreiro (LT); (iv) Lavado Secador (LS); (v) Cereja Descascado Terreiro (CDT); e (vi) Cereja Descascado Secador (CDS). As repetições foram realizadas em diferentes épocas de colheita (10/06; 16/06; 22/06 e 01/07) do ano de 2010. Foi determinada a percentagem de frutos boias e a relação percentual entre maduros e verdes, o tempo de secagem e sua respectiva quantidade processada, os custos e a rentabilidade do café processado em diferentes tratamentos de pós-colheita. As secagens foram feitas em terreiro pavimentado de cimento e em secador rotativo de fogo indireto. O beneficiamento do café de todos os tratamentos foi feito em uma única máquina, quando o café estava com 13% de umidade. Nas condições em que foi realizado este estudo, pode-se concluir que: a) no início da colheita há menor percentual de frutos boias e maduros e maior percentual de frutos verdes; b) o café cereja descascado apresenta o menor tempo de secagem e o maior volume de café obtido por unidade de secagem, tanto em terreiro pavimentado de cimento quanto em secador; c) o custo da secagem em secador é superior ao custo da secagem em terreiro, dentro da mesma modalidade do processo de pós-colheita; d) a mão de obra é o componente do custo operacional que apresenta maior peso; e) o menor custo em infraestrutura é do processo de pós-colheita tradicional terreiro e o maior é do cereja descascado secador; f) O processo de pós-colheita com maior rentabilidade é o cereja descascado com secagem em terreiro e a menor rentabilidade é do processo lavado com secagem em secador; g) o maior número de defeitos aparece no tratamento tradicional terreiro que não recebeu processamento, chamado natural e com secagem a céu aberto; e, h) na escala sensorial para café conilon, todos os cafés são classificados como recomendáveis para o consumo, sendo que os cerejas descascados em secador e em terreiro são gourmet e os demais tratamentos são superior.

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Dias, Rafael Antunes. "Padrões de diversidade em comunidades de aves relacionadaos a varáveis de habitat em campos temperados do sudeste da América do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72388.

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Indivíduos, populações e espécies tendem a usar e selecionar habitats de modo não-aleatório. Consequentemente, a perda e a degradação de habitats geram impactos distintos sobre os organismos dependendo de seus atributos. Os efeitos da perda de habitat são claros – os organismos são eliminados ou desalojados por falta de habitat ou baixo sucesso reprodutivo. As consequências da degradação de habitat são mais sutis, e resultam na incapacidade de um ecossistema sustentar determinadas espécies. Como a perda e a degradação de habitat reduzem a disponibilidade de nichos, espera-se que táxons ecologicamente especializados e com requerimentos estreitos de nicho sejam mais propensos à extinção que generalistas. Organismos que são negativamente afetados por perda e degradação de habitat em geral exibem porte muito grande ou muito pequeno, baixa mobilidade, baixa fecundidade, reduzido recrutamento e estreitos requerimentos de nicho. Campos temperados constituem ambientes particularmente afetados por perda e degradação de habitat. No sudeste da América do Sul, como em muitas outras regiões do planeta, a expansão da agricultura e silvicultura são os principais responsáveis pela perda de habitat campestre. Os remanescentes de vegetação natural são usados para criação de gado, estando sujeitos à degradação pelo sobrepastejo, pisoteio e técnicas de manejo. Avaliar como a perda e degradação de habitat afetam a diversidade de organismos campestres é vital para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação e manejo. A presente tese tem por objetivo investigar como a degradação e perda de habitat induzidas pela pecuária e silvicultura afetam a diversidade e a composição das comunidades de aves. Inicialmente, exploramos as relações entre variáveis de habitat e a composição da comunidade de aves num gradiente de altura da vegetação determinado por pastejo em campos litorâneos do Rio Grande do Sul. Posteriormente, avaliamos como variações no relevo interagem com variáveis de habitat e afetam a diversidade de aves em áreas de pecuária na Campanha gaúcha. Finalmente, avaliamos de que forma a perda de habitat resultante do estabelecimento de plantações industriais de celulose em áreas de campo afeta a composição de comunidades de aves campestres. Nossos resultados demonstram que a degradação de habitat decorrente do manejo de gado em campo nativo afeta a comunidade de aves de forma diferencial. Aves adaptadas a campos ralos ou generalistas tendem a ser beneficiadas pelo pastejo, ao passo que as espécies associadas à vegetação alta e densa são desfavorecidas. As variações na topografia reduzem os impactos da degradação de habitat nos campos. Essas variações interagem com o habitat e afetam de forma diferencial os distintos componentes da diversidade. Por outro lado, a perda de habitat decorrente da silvicultura gera um impacto de maior magnitude, alterando a composição das comunidades de aves e favorecendo aves não-campestres. Nesse contexto, impedir que novas áreas de campo nativo sejam convertidas em plantações de árvores passa a ser imperativo. Embora o manejo do gado aumente a diversidade em nível de paisagem ao criar um mosaico de manchas de vegetação de alturas distintas, maior atenção deve ser dada à manutenção e recuperação de formações densas de herbáceas de grande porte. Isso somente pode ser assegurado através de mudanças no regime do pastejo ou do desenvolvimento de técnicas de manejo alternativas.
Individuals, populations and species tend to select habitats in a non-random way. Consequently, habitat loss and degradation will have different impacts on organisms according to their traits. The effects of habitat loss are straightforward – organisms are eliminated or displaced because of the inexistence of adequate habitat or of low breeding success. Effects of habitat degradation are more subtle and result in the reduction of the capacity of an ecosystem to support some subsets of species. Since habitat loss and degradation reduce niche availability, ecologically specialized taxa with narrow niche requirements are expected to be more extinction prone than habitat generalists. Temperate grasslands have been strongly impacted by habitat loss and degradation. In southeastern South America, the expansion of agriculture and industrial pulpwood plantations are the main sources of habitat loss. Remnants of natural grassland vegetation are used for livestock ranching, being subject to habitat degradation from overgrazing, trampling and inadequate management techniques. The evaluation of how habitat loss and degradation affect the diversity of grassland organisms is vital for the development of management and conservation techniques. The main goal of this thesis is to evaluate how habitat degradation and loss related to cattle ranching and pulpwood plantations affect the diversity and composition of bird communities. We began by exploring the relationship between habitat variables and the composition of the bird community along a gradient of vegetation height determined by grazing in coastal grasslands of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. We then assessed how variations in the relief interact with habitat variables e affect the diversity of birds in rangelands of the Campanha gaúcha. Finally, we evaluated how habitat loss related with grassland afforestation for pulpwood plantations affects the composition of grassland bird communities. Our results demonstrate that habitat degradation resulting from livestock ranching in natural grasslands affects bird communities in a differential way. Birds adapted to stunted grasslands or habitat generalists tend to benefit from grazing, whereas tall-grass specialists are negatively affected. Variations in topography are responsible for reducing the impacts of habitat degradation in grasslands. These variations interact with habitat and have a differential effect on distinct components of diversity. On the other hand, the magnitude of the impact of habitat loss from afforestation is larger, altering the composition of bird communities and favoring a series of non-grassland species. In this sense, protecting remaining grasslands from afforestation is imperative. Although cattle ranching increases diversity at the landscape level by creating a mosaic of vegetation patches of different height, more attention should be given in maintaining and recovering dense formations of tall grassland plants. This can only be achieved by changing grazing regimes or developing alternative management techniques.

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Abella, Sans Francesc. "Detección de Patología Periacal mediante Radiografías Periapicales y Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico de volumen limitado - estudio clínico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145560.

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El objetivo mecánico del tratamiento endodóntico es mantener el diente tratado en una función normal, mientras que el objetivo biológico es la prevención o curación de la periodontitis apical. Se considera la periodontitis apical como una inflamación localizada de los tejidos periapicales causada en la mayoría de casos por una infección bacteriana proveniente del sistema de conductos radiculares y de la dentina de alrededor. Tradicionalmente, la radiolúcidez apical, signo común de la periodontitis apical, ha sido detectada mediante la utilización de radiografías periapicales (RP). Esta radiolúcidez apical aparece como consecuencia de una reabsorción ósea que se produce por el mecanismo de defensa del huésped contra las bacterias del interior del sistema de conductos radiculares. Dicha reabsorción ósea puede producir cambios a nivel radiográfico que van desde un ligero ensanchamiento del espacio del ligamento periodontal a la aparición de una lesión periapical radiolúcida. Hasta la actualidad se han utilizado las RP (convencionales o digitales) como complemento indispensable para realizar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento endodóntico, así como para determinar el éxito de dicho tratamiento. Sin embargo, las RP presentan ciertas limitaciones como el ruido anatómico, la visión en 2 dimensiones y la distorsión geométrica. En ocasiones, las RP no detectan aquellas lesiones periapicales que se encuentran en hueso esponjoso. Existe evidencia científica que demuestra que lesiones de cierto tamaño se pueden detectar cuando están cubiertas por una cortical delgada; sin embargo, cuando éstas están por debajo de una cortical gruesa no se pueden detectar con RP. La tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) es una herramienta que puede superar estas limitaciones. La TCHC fue especialmente diseñada para obtener imágenes tridimensionales del esqueleto maxilofacial. Mediante la TCHC se eliminan las superposiciones de estructuras anatómicas, se pueden detectar lesiones periapicales y se puede realizar un diagnóstico diferencial con una técnica no invasiva y altamente eficaz. Existen diversos estudios que han comparado la prevalencia de lesiones periapicales entre RP y exploraciones realizadas con TCHC. Estudios realizados in vitro e in vivo han confirmado que con la TCHC se detectan más lesiones periapicales que con las RP. No obstante, la mayoría de estos estudios solamente evalúan dientes con fracaso endodóntico previo, y además no especifican el diagnóstico de la patología pulpo-periapical. Por tanto, hasta la fecha existía una vacío en la literatura en relación a la detección de lesiones periapicales mediante RP y TCHC según el diagnóstico específico de cada diente. Esta tesis doctoral se configura como un compendio de tres artículos y se ha basado en la evaluación del estado periapical mediante RP y TCHC de dientes que requerían endodoncia o retratamiento no quirúrgico. A diferencia de estudios anteriores, se ha considerado el diagnóstico de cada diente y en base a esto se ha comparado la presencia o ausencia de lesiones radiolúcidas periapicales en raíces individuales detectadas mediante RP y TCHC. Por tanto, se ha evaluado el estado periapical de dientes diagnosticados con pulpitis irreversible, necrosis pulpar o tratados endodónticamente; división diagnóstica que corresponde a los tres artículos publicados.

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Schütte, Craig Ernst. "Unlocking the code to hardwood pulpwood supply : an analysis to determine if intervention in the stump-to-mill supply chain by NCT will increase hardwood pulpwood supply from its members in KwaZulu-Natal?" Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3826.

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NCT Forestry Co-operative Limited has experienced decreased yearly hardwood pulpwood volume sales over the last several years. This indirectly means NCT members have decreased their hardwood pulpwood volume trade to NCT over the last several years. Combined with the general under-supply of hardwood pulpwood from its members, NCT's current systems do not accurately predict the monthly and yearly volumes from its members. This is because many factors play a role and influence the physical volume of hardwood pulpwood supplied during the marketing process from the stump to the mill. Two independent studies have been carried out by NCT, to determine the main factors causing NCT members to under-supply their hardwood pulpwood. Both reports sighted "price" as the major factor and driver in contributing to NCT members making a decision to bank their timber or dispose of it elsewhere. Due to NCT's core business being export orientated, "price" is considered to be "exogenous" by nature or defined as an "uncontrollable variable" as the mill delivered price NCT offers its members is a factor of the macro economic conditions between South Africa, United States of America and Japan. More specifically the "price" NCT offers its members is a factor of the exchange rate between the South African rand and the United States dollar. The second contributing factor which was sighted by NCT members as to why they were under-supplying their hardwood pulpwood was "operational issues". "Operational issues" can be refined to issues pertaining to the stump-to-mill supply chain. "Operational issues" as apposed to "price" can be considered as a "controllable variable" as every component within the stump-to-mill supply chain can be controlled and managed. This paper specifically undertakes to investigate, in more detail, what specific factors within the stump-to-mill supply chain are causing NCT members to under-supply their hardwood pulpwood to NCT. Mitigating research into the stump-to-mill supply chain as an area of concern for NCT is the fact that South Africa is currently and forecasted for the future, to have an under-supply and over-demand of hardwood pulpwood. This factor alone has many knock-on effects within the entire forestry value chain. Combined with the under-supply and over-demand situation for hardwood pulpwood, is the fact that NCT's competitors define the profile of an NCT member, being mainly associated to the medium and small grower category, as the most liquid form of hardwood pulpwood resource available. By understanding the problems the contracting fraternity faces in the value chain, further mitigates the focus on the stump-to-mill supply chain as a problem area for NCT. Research exposes that mainly "second economy" or "informal contractors" work in the environment of medium and small grower categories. For independent contractors, this environment is characterized by failure to reach economies of scale, lack of business skills, poor access to finance and training, difficulties in getting public liability insurance cover and limited help from the large corporate grower organisations. In general, NCT members falling into the medium and small grower categories will invariably experience un-professional service from independent contractors. This causes conflict in the stump-to-mill supply chain and can damage the marketing service NCT provides to its members and markets. The loyalty of NCT hardwood pulpwood owning members will be tested as the sale of hardwood pulpwood moves more and more into a "sellers" market, which will inherently mean an increase in the bargaining power and leverage these members will enjoy. Buyers who position themselves to satisfy these anticipated increased needs of private/independent growers will most likely enjoy competitive advantage. This study has found that competitive advantage partly lies in more control and management of the stump-to-mill supply chain. The study has also recommended that NCT adopt a combined strategy of backward vertical integration with keiretsu (a combined supply chain management strategy that incorporates few suppliers and backward vertical integration in a coalition partnership) in its approach to gain more control of the stump-to-mill supply chain. The study further concluded that the orthodoxy of supply chain management (SCM) emphasises competitive advantage through increased operational control and efficiency combined with market responsiveness from production and distribution processes into the hands of NCT. Further, the paper found that anticipated future competition for NCT would be between the stump-to-mill supply chains rather than between firms. Indirectly this means NCT will have to increase the scope of service to its members and that means increasing its service in the stumpto-mill supply chain. An effective hardwood pulpwood procurement (marketing) strategy rolled out by NCT using a combination of backward vertical integration and keiretsu as supply chain management strategies, in a drive to gain more control and management over the stump-to-mill supply chain was strongly recommended. This strategy will not only increase the control over the volume supplied to NCT but will also increase the sustainability of fibre by creating planned felling schedules. This strategy will also provide a stable environment for the "informal" or "second economy" contractors to work in, while satisfying the increasing needs of NCT members, and in the process creating a competitive advantage by providing a much-needed additional service. By adopting the supply chain management approach of using both backward vertical integration and keiretsu as strategies will allow for benchmarking between the two strategies to take place, while at the same time due to increased planning, economies of scale will be achieved leading to cost savings. Cost savings in the stump-to-mill supply chain will allow NCT more flexibility in defending its mill delivered prices. Hence, the key to unlocking the code to hardwood pulpwood supply from the NCT membership partly lies in the intervention of the stump-to-mill supply chain by adopting a dual supply chain management strategy of both backward vertical integration and keiretsu by NCT in the stump-to-mill supply chain. However, one can capture the hill by using "service" only, but this strategy will not necessary help you hold the hill. A combined strategy of "price" and "increased service" will more than likely allow NCT to capture and hold the hill.
Thesis (M.B.A.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

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Naidoo, Lenny. "Wood chip exports and the challenges faced by private pulpwood farmers in Southern KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6394.

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The South African forestry industry has contributed significantly to the economic growth of the country by the planting of trees and the processing of these trees for the export market. With the increased demand for wood chips, the wood chip industry is concerned that the plantation resource that is currently available may not be adequate to fulfil the production required for future wood chip export. The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in wood chips exports from the Port of Durban and to examine the stability and growth of private pulpwood production in Southern KwaZulu-Natal. The forestry pulp and paper sector and its related downstream manufacturing enterprises is an important part of the KwaZulu-Natal economy. Eucalyptus and wattle timber are used to manufacture pulp and are exported in the form of wood chips. The Durban Wood Chipping facility is aimed at the export of wood chips from Durban to pulp and paper manufacturers in Japan. The methodology used in this study included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews that were held with the respondents involved in the forestry industry. A questionnaire was sent electronically to 119 participants being the total population of timber farmers that supply NCT Durban Wood Chips. A total of 33 respondents completed the questionnaire resulting in a 27.73% response rate. Three key personnel, with a strong forestry background, belonging to NCT Forestry Cooperative limited were selected as participants for the qualitative aspect of the study. The findings of the study showed that wood chips exports have increased from the Durban facility between 2006 and 2011. This came from recent research literature as well as data from NCT Durban Wood Chips (PTY) LTD. Dominant challenges faced by the farmers were land reform, transportation costs and municipal rates. Land claims, road infrastructure, economics (cost vs income) and demand for timber were the most challenging factors affecting private timber production into the future. The qualitative and quantitative results confirm that timber production is definitely increasing and hence contributing to stability of private pulpwood production in Southern KwaZulu-Natal.
Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

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Trømborg, Erik. "The global pulpwood market implications of changes in economic growth, timber supply, and technological trends /." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38447102.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1997.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-45).

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Perry, Michelle. "An examination of the variables that influence the supply of Eucalyptus pulpwood timber to NCT strategic markets in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/991.

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In recent times a need has developed within NCT for a more accurate prediction of pulpwood available from its members for supply to strategic markets. Present systems indicate the volume of timber per member per farm, however this volume has been found not to be an accurate prediction of what will actually reach the mill at the end of the day as many factors come into play and influence the volume that reaches the mill. The questions arise: which factors influence the availability of marketable Eucalyptus pulpwood timber, and to what extent do the different factors play a role? It was with this problem in mind that a comprehensive survey was undertaken to evaluate a number of factors identified and to try and determine their impact on the volume of Eucalyptus pulpwood supplied.
Thesis (M.B.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

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Sonnenfeld, David Allan. "Greening the tiger? social movements' influence on adoption of environmental technologies in the pulp and paper industries of Australia, Indonesia, and Thailand /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38016047.html.

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Monteoliva, Silvia Estela. "Propiedades de la madera de seis clones de Salix, variabilidad y relaciones con el pulpado quimimecánico." Tesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/1826.

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La aptitud papelera de una especie representa su capacidad para formar una hoja de papel con características y rendimientos aceptables. Esta capacidad depende de las particularidades físicas y químicas, intrínsecas de la materia prima y de las condiciones operativas de pulpado. Para cada grado de papel, existe una serie de requisitos que pueden cumplirse solo con determinados procesos de obtención de pulpa y con determinadas especies, o por medio de mezclas de pulpas obtenidas a partir de diferentes especies y procesos. En esta Tesis, se hará referencia al pulpado quimimecánico (CMP) de latifoliadas (angiospermas dicotiledóneas) para papel de diario. Desde los años 1980, los clones de sauces han sido estudiados de una u otra forma. Sin embargo, estos estudios no fueron sistemáticos, ni abarcaron la totalidad de las características que definen la aptitud papelera de un recurso fibroso. Se presenta en el capítulo II de Antecedentes Bibliográficos la situación actual del conocimiento de la madera de sauces en Argentina y en el mundo. El objetivo principal de la tesis fue desarrollar modelos de predicción de las propiedades de pulpas quimimecánicas del género Salix, a partir de la determinación de las características intrínsecas de la madera de 6 clones y su variabilidad.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pulpwod'

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