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Journal articles on the topic 'Pulpwod'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Fowler, Gary W. "Individual Tree Volume Equations for Red Pine in Michigan." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/14.2.53.

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Abstract New total, pulpwood, sawtimber, and residual pulpwood cubic foot individual tree volume equations were developed for red pine in Michigan using nonlinear and multiple linear regression. Equations were also developed for Doyle, International 1/4 in., and Scribner bd ft volume, and a procedure for estimating pulpwood and residual pulpwood rough cord volumes from the appropriate cubic foot equations was described. Average ratios of residual pulpwood (i.e., topwood, cubic foot or cords) to mbf were developed for 7.6 and 9.6 in. sawtimber. Data used to develop these equations were collected during May-August 1983-1985 from 3,507 felled and/or standing trees from 27 stands in Michigan. Sixteen and 11 stands were located in the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, respectively. All equations were validated on an independent data set. Rough cord volume estimates based on the new pulpwood equation were compared with contemporary tables for 2 small cruise data sets. The new equations can be used to more accurately estimate total volume and volume per acre when cruising red pine stands. North. J. Appl. For. 14(2):53-58.

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2

Guo, Zhimei, Donald G. Hodges, and Robert C. Abt. "Forest Biomass Supply for Bioenergy Production and Its Impacts on Roundwood Markets in Tennessee." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/35.2.80.

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Abstract The use of forest biomass as an alternative source for bioenergy production has become a significant issue in Tennessee. This study used the Sub-Regional Timber Supply model to analyze the regional aggregate forest biomass feedstock potential and the impacts of additional pulpwood demand on the regional roundwood market through 2030. Two scenarios examined the impacts of building a biorefinery facility of 20 and 50 million gallons annual capacity in the state in 2015. The third scenario investigated the impacts of an Energy Information administration (EIA) reference case. The projection results suggest that there is sufficient hardwood pulpwood supply for a 50 million gallon biorefinery facility in Tennessee. It is possible to meet the increased demand of the EIA reference case without affecting the hardwood pulpwood market in the short run, but not in the distant future. The additional demand for softwood pulpwood will affect the softwood market substantially, but the impacts on the hardwood market are comparatively small. Hence, it is more feasible to increase the use of hardwood pulpwood for renewable energy rather than softwood pulpwood. These results will be very helpful in sustainably supplying forest biomass for bioenergy production in Tennessee.

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3

Angelo, Humberto, Tomas V. Angelo, Alexandre N. de Almeida, Pedro G. A. Vasconcelos, Mauro Magliano, Alexandre A. Brasil, Álvaro N. de Souza, and Eder P. Miguel. "An econometric model for demand of pulpwood market in Brazil." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2244.

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The pulp industry has a great importance to the economy of Brazil and despite of being one of the biggest producer in the world this industry is still expanding in the country. In spite of the importance of the planted forests as main source for the pulp industry and other products, pulpwood for the cellulose market has received little attention in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this research is the study of pulpwood demand in Brazil from 1994 to 2016, using econometric tools, where the demand equation was specified and adjusted by the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results showed that pulpwood price and the capacity of the pulp industry explain the pulpwood demand with good econometric results. The pulpwood demand is inelastic to price fluctuations and elastic to installed capacity. These results are consistent with the international estimations and they can assist projecting policies that promote more rational and sustainable management of the wood and consequently the forests.

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4

Brännlund, Runar, Monica Göransson, and Karl Gustaf Löfgren. "The effects on the short-run supply of wood from subsidized regeneration measures: an econometric analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-151.

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Using an econometric model of the sawtimber and pulpwood market in price region 1 (the northern part of Sweden), it is considered whether the subsidies paid to regeneration costs in this region since the end of the 1960's have had any measurable short-run effect on wood supply. Two interrelated markets are introduced, a sawtimber market and a pulpwood market. The sawtimber market is modelled as a competitive market, while the pulpwood market is treated as a monopsonistic market structure. The model shows a good fit and the subsidies seem to have had a significant negative effect on sawtimber supply and an insignificant negative effect on pulpwood supply. The paper ends with a discussion of possible reasons for this somewhat unexpected result.

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5

Granskog, James E., and Kevin D. Crowther. "Weighted South-Wide Average Pulpwood Prices." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/15.2.100.

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Abstract Weighted average prices provide a more accurate representation of regional pulpwood price trends when production volumes vary widely by state. Unweighted South-wide average delivered prices for pulpwood, as reported by Timber Mart-South, were compared to average annual prices weighted by each state' s pulpwood production from 1977 to 1986. Weighted average prices for pine roundwood and pine chips were significantly higher than unweighted averages; for hardwood roundwood and hardwood chips, there was no significant difference between the weighted and unweighted average prices. South. J. Appl. For. 15(2):100-102

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6

Nordvall, Hans‐Olof. "Determinants of Swedish pulpwood imports." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589609382929.

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7

Ghaffariyan, Mohammad Reza, and Eloïse Dupuis. "Analysing the Impact of Harvesting Methods on the Quantity of Harvesting Residues: An Australian Case Study." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091212.

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Many parameters can influence the weight of harvesting residues per hectare that remain on plantation sites after extracting sawlogs and pulpwoods. This study aimed at quantifying the impact of the cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting methods on the weight of harvesting residues using 26 case studies in Australian plantations. A database was created using case studies conducted in different plantations, to measure the weight of harvesting residues per hectare and the components of harvesting residues. An analysis of variance was applied to test the impact made by the harvesting methods. The results confirmed that the cut-to-length harvesting method produced a larger weight of residues (104.0 tonnes of wet matter per hectare (tWM/ha) without additional biomass recovery and 64.7 tWM/ha with additional biomass recovery after sawlog/pulpwood extraction) than the whole-tree harvesting method (12.5 tWM/ha). The fraction test showed that stem wood formed the largest proportion of the harvesting residues in cut-to-length sites and needles were the largest component of the pine harvesting residues in sites cleared by the whole-tree harvesting method. The outcomes of this study could assist plantation managers to set proper strategies for harvesting residues management. Future research could study the impact of product type, silvicultural regime, stand quality, age, equipment, etc., on the weight of harvesting residues.

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8

Conrad, L. William, Thomas J. Straka, and William F. Watson. "Economic Evaluation of Initial Spacing for a 30-Year-Old Unthinned Loblolly Pine Plantation." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/16.2.89.

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Abstract Three initial spacings from a 30-year-old unthinned loblolly pine plantation were evaluated to estimate the historical returns achieved at various rotation lengths and for the impact of single and multiple products. The plantation was established on a well-drained interior flatwoods clay site in North Central Mississippi. Historic rates of return using actual price and cost data are reported. Generally, the optimum pulpwood rotation was 20 yr, and optimum sawtimber rotation was 30 yr. Wider spacings produced higher returns for both pulpwood and sawtimber rotations. When multiple products were considered (joint production of sawtimber, chip-n-saw, and pulpwood), greater returns than the single product rotations were obtained, and wider spacings consistently produced higher economic returns. South. J. Appl. For. 16(2):89-93.

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9

Parajuli, Rajan, Shaun Tanger, Robert Abt, and Fred Cubbage. "Subregional Timber Supply Projections with Chip-n-Saw Stumpage: Implications for Southern Stumpage Markets." Forest Science 65, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz044.

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Abstract Softwood chip-n-saw (CNS), an intermediate stumpage product between sawtimber and pulpwood, has become a mainstay in southern timber markets in recent years. Most of the previous studies in southern timber markets primarily focused on pulpwood and sawtimber markets, and often overlooked CNS as a standalone timber product. Using the Subregional Timber Supply model, this study examines the dynamics of sawtimber- and pulpwood-dominated softwood stumpage markets with growing CNS markets in the US South. Results suggest that South-wide CNS inventory increases over the short run but begins to decrease by 2024, which leads to CNS prices rising over the years. The projected trends vary widely from one wood basket to another. This study provides additional nuance to future prospects of southern timber markets.

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10

Stier, Jeffrey C., Thomas W. Steele, and Robert J. Engelhard. "Pulpwood Procurement Practices in the Wisconsin-Upper Michigan Pulp and Paper Industry." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.1.10.

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Abstract Pulpwood constitutes the largest component of the annual timber harvest in Wisconsin. A study was conducted in 1983-84 to determine how pulp mills in Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan obtain their pulpwood supplies and how pulpwood procurement practices have changed over the past two decades. Results indicate that mills rely strongly upon public and private sources of timber, that they are highly dependent on truck transportation of wood supplies, and that they have built up strong procurement departments with links to a broad base of pulpwood producers. Competition and the emphasis on better business practices have increased in recent years as evidenced by the consolidation of woodsheds and greater attention to inventories and promotion of company-sponsored tree farms, especially among those firms that rely on the relatively more scarce long-fibered softwoods. Future procurement strategies suggest possible greater reliance on short-haul rail transportation in those situations where favorable rates can be obtained and expanded use of satellite chipping plants as a vehicle for ensuring a regular wood supply and reducing inventory costs. North. J. Appl. For. 3:10-14, Mar. 1986.

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11

Haight, Robert G. "Optimal management of loblolly pine plantations with stochastic price trends." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-007.

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An economic analysis of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) plantation management options with stochastic sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage price trends is conducted using the North Carolina State University Plantation Management Simulator, a widely used model in the southeastern United States. Results for stands with a range of site indices suggest that regimes with high planting densities combined with commercial thinning options have higher expected present values than do regimes without thinning options, especially in plantations with hardwood competition. Such regimes are superior because high planting densities increase the returns from pulpwood thinnings without compromising sawtimber volume at rotation age. Further, high planting densities maintain the option to produce either sawtimber or pulpwood depending on the stumpage prices at midrotation. Optimal regimes are conditional on the sawtimber and pulpwood prices at the time of planting. A comparison of results for plantations with and without hardwood competition suggests that when the hardwood stumpage price is likely to increase over time, removing hardwoods with commercial thinning is superior to removing hardwoods immediately after planting. Finally, planting and thinning regimes that are optimal for deterministic price trends provide near-optimal expected returns when employed in an environment where price trends are stochastic.

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12

Miyabe, Kiyoshi. "Pulpwood Supply to the Paper Industry." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 55, no. 7 (2001): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.55.899.

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13

Wang, Xinli, and Knut Roar Braaten. "Growth rings and spruce pulpwood sorting." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 12, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1997-12-03-p196-202.

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14

Nikonova, Yuliya, Marina Rakovskaya, Natalia Dospehova, and Maria Zaitseva. "Review of pulpwood debarking processes investigations." Resources and Technology 1, no. 11 (2014): 11–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.2014.2801.

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15

Tilli, Tapio, Ritva Toivonen, and Anne Toppinen. "Modelling Birch Pulpwood Imports to Finland." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 2 (January 2001): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028275801300088260.

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16

Kanieski da Silva, Bruno, Frederick W. Cubbage, and Robert C. Abt. "Structural Changes on Pulpwood Market in the US South: Wood Pellets Investments and Price Dynamics." Forest Science 65, no. 6 (August 30, 2019): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz043.

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Abstract We investigated the impact of wood pellet mills on pulpwood price structure in the US South. Rather than focusing exclusively on price elasticities, we progress by examining how wood pellet production has affected the spatial transmission of pulpwood prices. Pairwise price ratios were modeled using smooth transition regression to identify changes in the cointegration (linkage) between markets over time. A logistic model was fitted to estimate market linkages as a function of market distances, industry concentration, and capacity of pellet wood production. Results show that the US South is not composed of market clusters, but each market pair has a particular relation. Distance and wood pellet production capacity are the only factors driving market linkages; the pulp and paper industries did not affect market structure changes. Our research suggests spatial price transmission varies over time, and pellet mills have caused a structural change in the pulpwood prices in the US South.

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17

Cubbage, Frederick W., Paul A. Wojtkowski, and Steven H. Bullard. "Cross-sectional estimation of empirical southern United States pulpwood harvesting cost functions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-116.

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This paper develops and explains an empirical method of using cross-sectional data to determine cost functions for forestry operations. Primary logging firm data, basic production economics theory, and regression analysis were used to estimate aggregate cost functions by harvest system for southern United States pulpwood harvesting operations. Estimation of aggregate total costs first, followed by mathematical derivation of average costs, proved superior to direct estimation of average costs. Exponential functions were best at estimating the cost relationships observed in the empirical pulpwood harvesting data.

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18

McLaren, Brian, and Jason Pollard. "Restructuring of the boreal forest and the forest sector in Newfoundland, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 772–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85772-5.

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Newfoundland pulp logs were once considered an abundant resource available for export, but over the last part of the 20th century became a shrinking commodity, imported to the island to keep 3 paper mills supplied. What were the concurrent changes in the human and the forested landscapes? Faced with increasing resource and labour costs, forest operations became increasingly centralized and mechanized during the second half of the 20th century. Labour productivity increased and, until the mid-1970s, pulpwood processing also increased as a means for forest companies to remain competitive. By the mid-1970s, processed volumes began to fall, but the number of employees in the forest sector continued to decline, resulting in a steady increase in the volume of pulpwood required to support a forest sector job. Forests accessed by loggers were first concentrated around waterways and then became more dispersed across the landscape, as a result of changes in wood extraction and transportation technologies. Beginning in the 1950s and increasingly through the 1980s, pulpwood was cut from targeted, high-volume stands. Eventually 2 of the 3 paper mills was forced to close, in part because of higher costs associated with accessing pulpwood. Newfoundland’s history of forestry restructuring is similar to the experience elsewhere in Canada. We suggest that signals of overexploitation have been often overlooked by policy-makers and changes in the forest sector can be more easily viewed as a response to new technologies and global markets than policy-making. Key words: Canada, employment, history, landscape, logging, Newfoundland and Labrador, policy, restructuring, sustainability

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19

Morimoto, Taiji. "The Future Prospects of Pulpwood for Japan." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 47, no. 1 (1993): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.47.35.

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20

Pallett, Robert Neil. "Precision forestry for pulpwood re-establishment silviculture." Southern African Forestry Journal 203, no. 1 (March 2005): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10295920509505216.

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21

Grigorev, I., and D. Kunitskaya. "Debarked pulpwood recognition on a digital picture." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 5 (December 2, 2015): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16261.

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22

Frolov, Ivan, and Ivan Bacherikov. "Production problems of cleaved pulpwood in Russia." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 5 (December 7, 2014): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7138.

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23

McConnell, T. Eric, Bruno Kanieski da Silva, Changyou Sun, and Shaun M. Tanger. "Forest to Mill Timber Price Trends and Volatility for Mississippi Timber Products." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-21-00010.

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Abstract We examined timber price trends along the Mississippi roundwood supply chain. Quarterly statewide data from Timber Mart-South for pine sawtimber, pine pulpwood, mixed hardwood sawtimber, and pulpwood were obtained covering 1992 to 2018. Prices for stumpage, delivered logs, and timber conversion—measured as the difference between delivered wood and stumpage—were analyzed across products for the 27-year series, as well as three equally spaced 9-year periods (Period 1, 1992 to 2000; Period 2, 2001 to 2009; Period 3, 2010 to 2018). Flat delivered wood prices, increased rates for timber conversion, and declining pine sawtimber and pulpwood stumpage prices were revealed over the long term. Hardwood product prices, however, increased across their supply chains. Prices have generally become less volatile, particularly from Period 2 to Period 3, indicating an increasing degree of price homogeneity within each product's market. The exception to this was pine sawtimber, suggesting resource, locational, and/or market differences may have emerged for this product. The hardwood price trends supported, as appropriate, considering silvicultural options to allow this resource's continued growth. Declining price expectations for pine products call into question any strictly financial rationale for extending rotation length.

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24

Gadoth-Goodman, Daphna, and David E. Rothstein. "Alternative Silvicultural Approaches to Managing Jack Pine Plantations for Endangered Species Habitat and Forest Products." Forest Science 66, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz075.

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Abstract Since the early 1980s, ca 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of high-density jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations have been established annually in northern Lower Michigan to serve as habitat for the federally endangered Kirtland’s warbler (KW; Setophaga kirtlandii). Because these plantations do not appear capable of producing merchantable sawlogs by their planned 50-year harvest age, we investigated the potential to implement reduced rotation lengths in these stands to produce biomass and/or pulpwood. We used space-for-time substitution to assess biomass and volume accrual over time, using our own locally derived allometric biomass equations. The predicted optimal rotation age for biomass was 20 years, and the predicted optimal rotation age for pulpwood volume was 28 years. We compared the total land area required for management under these rotation scenarios to continue establishing 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of KW habitat annually. Management on the current 50-year cycle requires ca 77,500 hectares (191,500 ac). Management for pulpwood would reduce this to ca 43,400 hectares (107,250 ac), and management for biomass would require ca 31,000 hectares (76,600 ac). Our results suggest that rotation lengths in these plantations could be substantially reduced, allowing for reductions in the total land area dedicated to warbler habitat, allowing for diversification of management at the landscape scale.

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25

Nikonova, Uliia. "THE SIMULATIONS OF PULPWOOD IMPACTS IN DEBARKING DRUM." Resources and Technology 2, no. 14 (2017): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.2017.3801.

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26

Kunitskaya, D., I. Grigorev, and Egor Hitrov. "Algorithm of pulpwood recognition on a digital picture." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 9 (December 9, 2015): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16465.

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27

Phillips, F. H. "Pulpwood requirements for the pulp and paper industry." Australian Forestry 51, no. 2 (January 1988): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1988.10674522.

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28

Smethurst, Philip, Sarah Jennings, and Anna Matysek. "Economics of nitrogen fertilization of eucalypts for pulpwood." Australian Forestry 64, no. 2 (January 2001): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2001.10676171.

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29

Haque, Md Moinul, M. Nashir Uddin, M. A. Quaiyyum, Jannatun Nayeem, M. Zahangir Alam, and M. Sarwar Jahan. "Pulpwood Quality of the Second Generation Acacia auriculiformis." Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 4, no. 2 (May 2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21967/jbb.v4i2.227.

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30

Dwivedi, Puneet, and Madhu Khanna. "Wood-based bioenergy products — land or energy efficient?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 10 (October 2014): 1187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0210.

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Woody feedstocks will play an important role in meeting the total demand for biomass to generate electricity and produce ethanol in the United States. We analyzed 186 different scenarios (31 rotation ages (10 to 40 years in annual time steps); two types of forest management (intensive and nonintensive); and three feedstocks (logging residues only, pulpwood only, logging residues and pulpwood combined)) for ascertaining relative savings in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of two wood-based energy products (electricity and ethanol) on per unit land and per unit energy bases with respect to equivalent fossil fuel based energy products. Relative savings in GHG emissions were higher under intensive forest management compared with nonintensive forest management on a per unit land basis, whereas this situation reverses on a per unit energy basis. Combined use of pulpwood and logging residues saved the highest amount of GHG emissions on a per unit land basis, but on a per unit energy basis, relative GHG savings were similar to when only logging residues were used as a feedstock. Existing policies promoting bioenergy development in the United States only consider GHG savings on a per unit energy basis. A need exists to consider GHG savings on a per unit land basis as well to ensure efficient utilization of existing land resources to mitigate GHG emissions.

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31

KORPUNEN, HEIKKI, PEKKA VIRTANEN, OLLI DAHL, PAULA JYLHÄ, and JORI UUSITALO. "An activity-based cost calculation for a kraft pulp mill." September 2012 11, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.9.19.

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This study introduces an activity-based costing (ABC) method for a kraft pulp mill. Our ABC model defines the production resources and costs for each process in a chemical pulp mill and allocates the costs to pulp, energy, bark, turpentine, and crude tall oil. The production processes include receiving, unloading and debarking of pulpwood, chipping, chip screening, chip storing, cooking and in-digester washing, pulp washing and screening, oxygen delignification, bleaching, drying, and chemical recovery. We also tested the effect of Scots pine pulpwood properties on the profitability of a virtual greenfield pulp mill located in Finland, where it produced 600000 air-dried (a.d.) metric tons of bleached market pulp annually. Total annual production costs were approximately EUR 216 million (USD 285 million), of which chemical recovery comprised the biggest share (almost 39%). According to the results, the price of market pulp had the most significant effect on the profitability of the mill. The pulpwood properties did not clearly affect pulp production costs; the wood procurement costs had more influence on the profitability of the value chain. Our results also indicate that the profitability of pulp making is strongly dependent on the prices of electricity and heat. This is because the mill is customer and seller in energy markets. ABC proved to be a useful tool and accurate method for cost calculation in this highly competitive branch of the forest industry.

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32

QU, AIYU, YANHUI AO, JUN YAN, and GUIGAN FANG. "Comprehensive evaluation of kraft pulp properties from fast-growing woods." June 2010 9, no. 6 (July 1, 2010): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.6.34.

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To develop new wood cellulose resources and fast-growing pulpwood plantation fiber sources, it is very important to evaluate their pulping properties. A comprehensive multi-index pulping-suitability evaluation model is investigated in this paper by considering four fast-growing wood species. First, a new evaluation-index system for kraft pulp was developed based on traditional evaluation-index systems. Then, the membership degree of every index was analyzed to obtain a fuzzy matrix. The proportional contribution of each parameter to the main pulping properties could then be determined. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model of kraft pulp properties was developed. The model is reliable compared with traditional assessment methods. The results confirmed the feasibility and rationality of developing new wood cellulose resources and fast-growing pulpwood plantations using fuzzy comprehensive evaluations.

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33

de Naurois, Marie, and Joseph Buongiorno. "Economic of Red Pine Plantation Management in Wisconsin." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.3.118.

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Abstract It is more economical to manage red pine plantations in Wisconsin for pulpwood and sawlog combined rather than for pulpwood only, even on low quality sites. The most important factor influencing the economics of a plantation is land quality. On lands of site index 45 new plantations are unlikely to be economical, regardless of management regime. Lands of site index 60 to 75 have real rates of return of 4 to 5.5% per year and soil expectation values of $125 to $350 per acre at 3% interest. Planting densities of 8 by 8 ft followed by heavy thinnings at long intervals and short rotations are best, but rotations may be increased considerably with only small effects on the economics of the plantations. North. J. Appl. For. 3:118-123, Sept. 1986.

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34

Blackburn, David, Ross Farrell, Matthew Hamilton, Peter Volker, Chris Harwood, Dean Williams, and Brad Potts. "Genetic improvement for pulpwood and peeled veneer in Eucalyptus nitens." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 9 (September 2012): 1724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-105.

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Genetic improvement of wood properties affecting the quality of pulpwood and peeled veneer products is of general interest to tree breeders worldwide. If the wood properties of Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden are under genetic control and the correlations between them are favourable, it may be possible to breed to simultaneously improve the plantation resource for both products. Acoustic wave velocity (AWV) measured in standing trees can predict wood stiffness, basic density, and kraft pulp yield (KPY) and therefore has the potential for use in tree breeding programs. From an E. nitens progeny trial in Tasmania, 540 trees were selected for rotary peeling. Of the wood properties assessed, there were significant differences among races in diameter, stem straightness, standing-tree, log, and billet AWV, and near infrared predicted cellulose content (CC). All traits displayed significant within-race genetic variation, and genetic correlations between AWV and veneer sheet modulus of elasticity (MOE) and between AWV and KPY and CC were strongly positive and highly significant. A similar relationship was found between veneer sheet MOE and KPY and between diameter at breast height and veneer sheet MOE. Basic density was genetically correlated with AWV and veneer sheet MOE. Results indicate that it should be possible for breeders to simultaneously improve properties in pulpwood and peeled veneer products and that AWV measured in the standing tree shows promise as a breeding selection criterion for both pulpwood and peeled veneer products.

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35

Wiant, Harry V. "Sampling for Pulpwood and Sawtimber Stumpage Value in Appalachian Hardwood Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.1.36.

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Abstract An example from an Appalachian hardwood stand indicates that little or no time should be spent sampling low-value pulpwood when estimating total stumpage value of many forests. North. J. Appl. For.4:36, Mar. 1987.

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36

HULTNÄS, MIKAEL. "Methods to determine the dry matter content of roundwood deliveries." June 2011 10, no. 6 (July 1, 2011): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.6.33.

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In pulp production, the dry matter content of pulpwood affects debarking and pulping. For pulpwood to be traded due to its dry weight, a prerequisite is that the measurement of dry be done quickly and accurately. No current method fulfils these requirements, although there are different methods that have the potential to determine the dry matter content in wood. These techniques include radar, gamma rays, dichromatic photon absorptiometry, computed tomography, near infrared (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and radio frequency (RF). A literature review showed that several of the techniques can determine the dry matter content with an acceptable error. Several of the methods cannot handle frozen or semifrozen samples, which disqualifies them as an acceptable method. NIR, dichromatic photon absorptiometry, and RF techniques might have the potential to meet the requirements of fast measurement with high accuracy

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37

Rochmayanto, Yanto, and Rahayu Supriadi. "SKALA EKONOMIS USAHA HUTAN RAKYAT KAYU PULP DI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI PROVINSI RIAU." Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2012.9.2.87-95.

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38

Bliss, J. C., and W. A. Flick. "With a Saw and a Truck: Alabama Pulpwood Producers." Forest & Conservation History 38, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3983722.

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39

Morimoto, Taigi. "Recent circumstances and problems of pulpwood demand and supply." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 42, no. 11 (1988): 995–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.42.995.

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40

Morimoto, Taiji. "The Character of Eucalypts and its Afforestation for Pulpwood." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 47, no. 12 (1993): 1434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.47.1434.

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41

Toppinen, Anne, and Jari Kuuluvainen. "Structural changes in sawlog and pulpwood markets in Finland." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 12, no. 4 (November 1997): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589709355427.

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42

Öman, Magnus. "Influence of Log Characteristics on Drum Debarking of Pulpwood." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 4 (January 2000): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028275800750172691.

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43

Ellis, J. C., and M. O. Kimberley. "A sampling system for scaling partly segregated export pulpwood." Australian Forestry 72, no. 1 (January 2009): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2009.10676287.

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44

Lynch, Thomas B., Michael M. Huebschmann, David K. Lewis, Daniel S. Tilley, and James M. Guldin. "A Bid Price Equation for National Forest Timber Sales in Western Arkansas and Southeastern Oklahoma." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/28.2.100.

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Abstract An equation relating bid price to timber sale characteristics was developed using regression techniques on the basis of data from 150 timber sales that occurred between June 1992 and Dec. 1998 in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests in Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. Predicted values of the real winning bid price are based on total sawtimber volume per sale, total pulpwood volume per sale, average sawtimber volume per acre, average sawtimber volume per tree, and the ratio of southern yellow pine #2 dimension lumber producer price index (PPI) to pine sawlog PPI. Sawtimber and pulpwood in these sales are mainly shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.). The most highly significant variables were total sawtimber volume and the ratio of southern yellow pine #2 dimension lumber PPI to pine sawlog PPI. The equation explains 95% of the variation in the total bid price data. South. J. Appl. For. 28(2):100–108.

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45

SHIBATA, MASARU. "Biotechnology in Pulpwoods and Plantation." Sen'i Gakkaishi 50, no. 4 (1994): P141—P145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.4_p141.

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46

Yin, Runsheng, and David H. Newman. "An intervention analysis of Hurricane Hugo's effect on South Carolina's stumpage prices." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-035.

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Using intervention analysis and Timber Mart-South price data, we test hypotheses concerning the impact of Hurricane Hugo on regional stumpage prices. In both the hardwood sawtimber and pine pulpwood markets, a gradual die-down price effect was detected, but a persistently higher or lower price was not found. In the hardwood pulpwood market, we could not even identify a significant price drop immediately followed the occurrence of Hugo. Only in the pine sawtimber market were we able to detect a higher price of $6.00 per thousand board feet in the long run. However, our examination of an average price series for pine sawtimber across the southern United States suggests that this effect could have come from structural shifts in the regional market, rather than from Hugo's impact. Our empirical evidence thus rejects the hypothesis of a persistently higher or lower price in favor of the alternative that Hugo caused only a gradual die-down price effect.

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47

Bowe, Scott A., and Matthew S. Bumgardner. "Small-Diameter Timber Utilization in Wisconsin: A Case Study of Four Counties." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/23.4.250.

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Abstract The state of Wisconsin has numerous forest ownership types. These include national, state, and county forests, as well as privately owned industrial and nonindustrial forests. In addition to sawlog markets, portions of the state also have substantial pulpwood markets associated withpaper and panel mills. Combined, these attributes make Wisconsin a good location for studies of how different markets and ownerships influence small-diameter timber utilization in the Midwest. In the fall of 2003 and the spring of 2004, recent timber sales were examined in four selected countiesin Wisconsin. Data on harvest contracts, cut types, silvicultural practices, forester involvement, residual stand characteristics, and fiber utilization were gathered. These data were examined based on ownership types, proximity to pulpwood markets, and forest cover in the counties. Findingssuggested that each of these factors influenced harvest activities. Examining these factors will increase our understanding of the role small-diameter timber plays in forest management and expose opportunities resulting from its utilization. North. J. Appl. For. 23(4):250 –256.

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48

Teeter, Lawrence D., and Jon P. Caulfield. "Stand density management strategies under risk: effects of stochastic prices." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-194.

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A method is described for determining optimal economic strategies for density management in loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) stands in the southern United States. A stochastic dynamic programming model employs a price state transition matrix constructed using a first-order conditional cumulative density function for price based on time-series data for national forest pine stumpage in the South. The model also incorporates WTHIN, a pine growth and yield simulator widely used in the South to support analyses of alternative stand management strategies. Results indicate that at current average prices for pulpwood, on average sites, optimal planting density decisions recommended by the stochastic model are very similar to those obtained with a deterministic price equivalent. However, there are many instances where the thinning decisions recommended by the two models are different, especially when they are used to evaluate better sites or when the price of pulpwood is substantially increased above current region-wide averages.

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49

Kallio, A. Maarit I. "Analysing the Finnish pulpwood market under alternative hypotheses of competition." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-168.

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Efficient functioning of the wood market is crucial in a country where the forest sector is of strong macroeconomic importance. We investigate the possibility of noncompetitive behavior of the buyers in the Finnish pulpwood market. We simulate the buyers' behavior under alternative competition structures (perfect competition, Cournot oligopsony, and monopsony) and compare the simulated equilibria with the observed behavior in the years 19881997. In the static models the pulp industry firms are assumed to maximize their short-run variable profits either under fixed production capacity or, hypothetically, under variable capacity. The results suggest that, during the boom years, the industry has been capacity constrained, sometimes even for monopsony output. During the recession years, the actual wood prices have often been between simulated Cournot oligopsony and monopsony prices. Hence, noncompetitive behavior of the buyers is possible during the recessions. The capacity investment behavior of the industry is explored with dynamic models. The conclusions from these models depend on the price elasticity of pulpwood supply used.

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50

Brown, Roger, and Daowei Zhang. "The Sustainable Forestry Initiatives impact on stumpage markets in the US South." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 2056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-135.

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Using survey data and an equilibrium displacement model, we estimate the market and economic impacts of the American Forest and Paper Association's Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) on stumpage markets in the US South. We examine four timber product markets: softwood pulpwood, softwood sawtimber, hardwood pulpwood, and hardwood sawtimber. In each market we calculate changes in producer and consumer welfare using the equilibrium displacement model that accounts for reductions in timber inventories caused by SFI compliance. We find that SFI compliance costs the US South's economy about $36 million annually. SFI-compliant stumpage producers lose more than $33 million each year in producer surplus as a result of SFI compliance, and consumers lose about $12 million annually in consumer surplus due to higher product prices. These costs are offset partially by benefits to nonindustrial private forest producers, non-SFI-compliant industry producers, and public forest producers, who collectively gain about $10 million in producer surplus annually as a result of higher stumpage prices.

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