Academic literature on the topic 'Pulsar classes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pulsar classes"
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MANCHESTER, R. N. "PULSAR SEARCHING AND TIMING." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 01 (2013): 1341007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813410071.
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More than 2000 pulsars are now known. These pulsars may be divided into a number of different classes according to their period, period derivative, binary properties, emission characteristics and so on. Some important classes have relatively few members, e.g. double-neutron-star binary systems, and so continued searches for currently unknown pulsars are important. Such searches are being undertaken at various observatories around the world. Somewhat unexpectedly, the Fermi Gamma-ray Observatory, has proved to be an efficient pulsar detector, especially for millisecond pulsars (MSPs). The great stability of pulsar periods, especially for MSPs, leads to a number of important applications of pulsar timing. The detection and study of relativistic orbit perturbations in double-neutron-star systems has proved to be a powerful tool with measurements of the original binary pulsar, PSR B1913+16, and more recently the double pulsar, PSR J0737-3039A/B, showing that Einstein's general theory of relativity accurately describes these gravitational interactions. Direct detection of gravitational waves using pulsar timing is close to being achieved with the development of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in Europe, North America and Australia. Combining data from these PTAs to form the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) will lead to improved significance of such a detection. Ultimately, detailed study of gravitational-wave sources will be possible using future large radio telescopes such as FAST and the SKA.
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Malov, IF. "Two Types of Pulsar." Australian Journal of Physics 40, no. 6 (1987): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph870731.
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Some arguments for the subdivision of pulsars into two classes are considered: (i) short-period pulsars described by Smith's (1973) model and (ii) long-period pulsars for which the hollow-cone model is valid. The data for PSR 1937 + 21 (P = 1�56 ms) are in good agreement with this conception, this pulsar being a typical representative of the first group of pulsars.
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Biggs, James D. "An Analysis of Pulsar Nulling Statistics." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 128 (1992): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600155301.
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AbstractWe have sought correlations between the fraction of null pulses with other pulsar parameters for an ensemble of 72 pulsars using survival analysis methods. The strongest correlation was found between the null fraction and pulse period. Correlations were also found between other parameters that typically have strong dependencies on pulse period, and this tends to indicate that the null fraction increases with age as was first suggested by Ritchings (1976). However, no explicit correlation was found between pulsar characteristic age and null fraction. A significant anti-correlation was found between the angle subtended by the magnetic and rotation axes and the null fraction.Many of the pulsars presented here were found to null. In particular, all pulse profile classes in the scheme devised by Rankin (1983a) have members that null. Differences in the mean age of these pulsar classes are not very pronounced, and the influence of class on pulse nulling statistics is probably less than that suggested by Rankin (1986), but cannot entirely be ruled out. Also, there is considerable variation in the fraction of null pulses from pulsars within each class, but generally class St pulsars null the least. Of special note is the fact that two pulsars PSR 0833-45 and PSR 1556-44 apparently do not null. The upper limit for PSR 0833–45 is quite low; no nulls were detected in observations of over 120,000 pulses.The similarity of the nulling parameters of pulsars observed at two frequencies near 400 MHz and 843 MHz suggests that the pulsar emission mechanism is wide band over this frequency range.
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Ronchi, M., N. Rea, V. Graber, and N. Hurley-Walker. "Long-period Pulsars as Possible Outcomes of Supernova Fallback Accretion." Astrophysical Journal 934, no. 2 (2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7cec.
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Abstract For about half a century, the radio pulsar population was observed to spin in the ∼0.002–12 s range, with different pulsar classes having a spin-period evolution that differs substantially depending on their magnetic fields or past accretion history. The recent detection of several slowly rotating pulsars has reopened the long-standing question of the exact physics, and observational biases, driving the upper bound of the period range of the pulsar population. In this work, we perform a parameter study of the spin-period evolution of pulsars interacting with supernova fallback matter and specifically look at the fallback accretion disk scenario. Depending on the initial conditions at formation, this evolution can differ substantially from the typical dipolar spin-down, resulting in pulsars that show spin periods longer than their coeval peers. By using general assumptions for the pulsar spin period and magnetic field at birth, initial fallback accretion rates, and including magnetic field decay, we find that very long spin periods (≳100 s) can be reached in the presence of strong, magnetar-like magnetic fields (≳1014 G) and moderate initial fallback accretion rates (∼1022−1027 g s−1). In addition, we study the cases of two recently discovered periodic radio sources, the pulsar PSR J0901–4046 (P = 75.9 s) and the radio transient GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3 (P = 1091 s), in light of our model. We conclude that the supernova fallback scenario could represent a viable channel to produce a population of long-period isolated pulsars that only recent observation campaigns are starting to unveil.
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Olmi, Barbara. "Evolved Pulsar Wind Nebulae." Universe 9, no. 9 (2023): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9090402.
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Based on the expected population of core collapse supernova remnants and the huge number of detected pulsars in the Galaxy, still representing only a fraction of the real population, pulsar wind nebulae are likely to constitute one of the largest classes of extended Galactic sources in many energy bands. For simple evolutionary reasons, the majority of the population is made of evolved systems, whose detection and identification are complicated by their reduced luminosity, the possible lack of X-ray emission (that fades progressively away with the age of the pulsar), and by their modified morphology with respect to young systems. Nevertheless they have gained renewed attention in recent years, following the detection of misaligned X-ray tails protruding from an increasing number of nebulae created by fast moving pulsars, and of extended TeV halos surrounding aged systems. Both these features are clear signs of an efficient escape of particles, with energy close to the maximum acceleration limit of the pulsar. Here we discuss the properties of those evolved systems and what we have understood about the process of particle escape, and the formation of observed features.
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McLaughlin, M. A., D. R. Lorimer, A. G. Lyne, et al. "Two Radio Pulsars with Magnetar Fields." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 218 (2004): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900181094.
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PSRs J1847–0130 and J1718–37184 have inferred surface dipole magnetic fields greater than those of any other known pulsars and well above the “quantum critical field” above which some models predict radio emission should not occur. These fields are similar to those of the anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs), which growing evidence suggests are “magnetars”. The lack of AXP-like X-ray emission from these radio pulsars (and the non-detection of radio emission from the AXPs) creates new challenges for understanding pulsar emission physics and the relationship between these classes of apparently young neutron stars.
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Malov, Igor’ F., Oleg I. Malov, and Valerij M. Malofeev. "The investigations of pulsar integral radio luminosities." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 160 (1996): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110004104x.
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We have calculated accurate integral radio luminositiesLfor 232 pulsars (Malov et al., 1994) using new average spectra of these objects. Histogram ofL-distribution is characterized by the mean value < logL>= 28.45 and by the mean-square-root deviationS= 1.0. We have analysed also data for short-periodic pulsars (P < 0.1 s) and long-periodic ones (P > 1 s) separately.The main goal of such separation was to test the hypothesis on two types of pulsars (Malov, 1987): i) for the first group of objects radiation is emitted from the neighbourhood of the light cylinder (r=rLC=cP/2π, P is the pulsar period), ii) for the second one emission is generated at distancesr≪rLC. In the second case the main mechanism of radiation is curvature radiation. For the first group of pulsars the radiation is connected with the cyclotron mechanism. The difference between two basic mechanisms and the locations of the emission generation regions must cause some differences in the observable features for these two classes of pulsars.
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Agazie, Gabriella, Akash Anumarlapudi, Anne M. Archibald, et al. "The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Detector Characterization and Noise Budget." Astrophysical Journal Letters 951, no. 1 (2023): L10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acda88.
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Abstract Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are galactic-scale gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Each individual arm, composed of a millisecond pulsar, a radio telescope, and a kiloparsecs-long path, differs in its properties but, in aggregate, can be used to extract low-frequency GW signals. We present a noise and sensitivity analysis to accompany the NANOGrav 15 yr data release and associated papers, along with an in-depth introduction to PTA noise models. As a first step in our analysis, we characterize each individual pulsar data set with three types of white-noise parameters and two red-noise parameters. These parameters, along with the timing model and, particularly, a piecewise-constant model for the time-variable dispersion measure, determine the sensitivity curve over the low-frequency GW band we are searching. We tabulate information for all of the pulsars in this data release and present some representative sensitivity curves. We then combine the individual pulsar sensitivities using a signal-to-noise ratio statistic to calculate the global sensitivity of the PTA to a stochastic background of GWs, obtaining a minimum noise characteristic strain of 7 × 10−15 at 5 nHz. A power-law-integrated analysis shows rough agreement with the amplitudes recovered in NANOGrav’s 15 yr GW background analysis. While our phenomenological noise model does not model all known physical effects explicitly, it provides an accurate characterization of the noise in the data while preserving sensitivity to multiple classes of GW signals.
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Safi-Harb, Samar. "Pulsar Wind Nebulae: On their growing diversity and association with highly magnetized neutron stars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S291 (2012): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312023782.
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AbstractThe 1968 discovery of the Crab and Vela pulsars in their respective supernova remnants (SNRs) confirmed Baade and Zwicky's 1934 prediction that supernovae form neutron stars. Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe), particularly with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, have in the past decade opened a new window to focus on the neutron stars' relativistic winds, study their interaction with their hosting SNRs, and find previously missed pulsars. While the Crab has been thought for decades to represent the prototype of PWNe, we now know of different classes of neutron stars and PWNe whose properties differ from the Crab. In this talk, I review the current status of neutron stars/PWNe-SNRs associations, and highlight the growing diversity of PWNe with an X-ray eye on their association with highly magnetized neutron stars. I conclude with an outlook to future high-energy studies.
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Shabanova, T. V. "Two classes of glitches in the pulsar B1822-09." Astronomy Reports 53, no. 5 (2009): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063772909050102.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pulsar classes"
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Niang, Oumar. "Description phonologique, morphologique, organisation et fonction de catégorisation des classes nominales en pulaar." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5005.
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Ce travail propose une description détaillée du système phonologique et de la structure morphologique du pulaar, langue peule. En même temps, il s'intéresse à la question des classes nominales, à leur organisation formelle et à leur fonction de catégorisation au niveau lexical et en situation de discours. Au niveau phonologique, le système phonématique du pulaar, dans sa partie consonantique, est envisagé selon des marques de corrélation basées sur la sonorité, le voisement, la plosion et la nasalité. Quant aux voyelles, elles s'organisent en un système cohérent grâce à deux traits phonologiques : l'antériorité et la hauteur. [. . . ] Cette étude aborde aussi les processus phonologiques liés à l’assimilation, à la dissimilation, au phénomène d'épenthèse, à la réanalyse syllabique affectant la structure morphologique de certaines unités nominales. [. . . ] D'une part, la classe est une représentation formelle, marquée morphologiquement, puisque c'est le marqueur de classe qui permet d'identifier et de définir la classe d'appartenance d'une unité nominale. D'autre part, la classe a une fonction de catégorisation du fait des traits : syntaxique et sémantique, spécifiant le marqueur de classe. Ce sont ces traits fonctionnels qui définissent les propriétés à la base du système de classification nominale du pulaar<br>The present doctoral dissertation provides a detailed description of the phonological system and morphological structure of the Pulaar language. It also deals with the question of noun classes: their formal organisation and categorisation function, both from a lexical point of view and in discursive context. From a phonological point of view, the Pular consonant phonematic system is considered according to correlative markers based on sonority, voicing, plosion and nasality. [. . . ] The present study also deals with the phonological processes linked to assimilation, dissimilation, the phenomenon of epenthesis, syllabic reanalysis affecting the morphological structure of certain noun morphemes. [. . . ] From one angle the noun class is a formal representation, morphologically marked, since it is the class marker which allows the identification and defining of the class to which the unit belongs. From the second angle the noun class has a categorisation function due to the characteristics it presents: syntactic and semantic, specifying the class marker. It is these functional elements which define the characteristics at the basis of the noun classification of the Pular language
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PICININI, LEONARDO S. "Avaliacao da temperatura na camara pulpar durante preparo classe V com laser de erbio:YAG." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10992.
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08352.pdf: 3349850 bytes, checksum: 8bcc73d5ede4b0438ca9f74691cebab8 (MD5)<br>Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)<br>IPEN/D-MPLO<br>Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
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Svadbík, Vít. "Návrh a konstrukce spínaného audio koncového zesilovače." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218603.
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This work describes the design of audio amplifiers operating in switching mode. The first part describes basic principles of the power stage switching concept. There is described differences between classes of amplifiers according to technology. The second larger part includes design and construction of the switching amplifiers. Design is implemented, including the preamplifier and power supply. Power supply works in switching mode. The measured parameters of the proposed facility are given in the last part.
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Svadbík, Pavel. "Digitální nízkofrekvenční zesilovač s univerzálními vstupy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219816.
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This diploma thesis deals with digital audio amplifier with universal inputs and its design. The first part describes modulation and audio formats for audio electronics. The thesis contain design of a block diagram of the digital audio amplifier and describes the requirements for functional blocks. As a basic device for audio signal processing was choosen integrated circuit STA326. The thesis continue with circuits design for each blocks with a description of their principles. The next section describes the construction and firmware for microcontroller. The last part of this diploma thesis is targeted on the presentation of the measured parameters of the amplifier. The conclusion summarizes the results that have been achieved and advantages and disadvantages of the digital audio amplifier prototype.
Books on the topic "Pulsar classes"
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Paradis, Carole. Lexical phonology and morphology: The nominal classes in Fula. Garland, 1992.
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Federighi, Paolo, and Vanna Boffo, eds. Primaria oggi. Firenze University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-661-9.
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Complessità e futuro: queste sono le categorie-chiave che hanno guidato il percorso di riflessione del volume Primaria oggi. Complessità e futuro rilette nella scuola e per la scuola, in particolare nella Scuola Primaria, tra formazione iniziale degli insegnanti, formazione in itinere e progettualità. Se la prima parte sollecita, attraverso i saggi, visioni teoriche/linee guida didattico-pedagogiche alternative, la seconda parte del volume, invece, presenta un panorama ricco e denso di esperienze che narrano di una scuola che pulsa e si impegna, si aggiorna e si rinnova. I temi della Gestione della classe, del Tirocinio per la Formazione iniziale dei docenti, dei Bisogni educativi speciali, del Curricolo verticale, della Valutazione degli apprendimenti sono stati scelti come vettori strategici per ripensare, oggi, la scuola di domani.
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Prebble, Lucy. Enron. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350430914.
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"The political theatre of the 21st century has arrived, in some style." The Times The most infamous scandal in corporate history. The most vilified figures in the financial world. The most audacious (and destructive) display of greed history has ever seen. Charting the notorious rise and fall of the eponymous company and its founding partners Ken Lay and Jeffrey Skilling, Lucy Prebble's Enron is a pulse-racing and rage-inducing parable, exploring the limits of greed... or lack thereof. Mixing classical tragedy with savage comedy, Enron is published in Methuen Drama's Modern Classics series, featuring a new introduction by Natasha Tripney.
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Rubin, Devon I., and Jasper R. Daube. Clinical Neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259631.001.0001.
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Clinical neurophysiologic testing is an important component of evaluating patients with complaints that may be attributed to diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system. This classic volume in the Contemporary Neurology Series covers the basic concepts underlying each of the testing techniques and provides comprehensive descriptions of the methods and wide range of electrophysiologic testing available for patients with epilepsy, neuromuscular diseases, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, sleep disorders, autonomic disorders and those undergoing orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures. This text details the role of each study, the interpretation of findings, and their application clinical problems. This text describes the multiple diagnostic procedures for diverse diseases of the neuromuscular system, including: electroencephalography (EEG); electromyography and nerve conduction studies; single fiber EMG; polysomnography; surface EMG patterns, blood pressure, pulse, sweat measures; vestibular function testing; deep brain stimulator physiology; and intraoperative monitoring. It is a practical textbook for neurologists, physiatrists and clinical neurophysiologists in clinical or research practice or in training. Key features of the new edition include fully updated chapters to reflect new research and techniques in clinical neurophysiology; updated images illustrating key elements of techniques and basic concepts; case examples for practical application.
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Parr, Connal. Inventing the Myth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791591.001.0001.
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This book approaches Ulster Protestantism through its theatrical and cultural intersection with politics, re-establishing a forgotten history and engaging with contemporary debates. Anchored by the perspectives of ten writers–some of whom have been notably active in political life—it uniquely examines tensions going on within. Through its exploration of class division and drama from the early twentieth century to the present, the book restores the progressive and Labour credentials of the community’s recent past along with its literary repercussions, both of which appear in recent decades to have diminished. Drawing on over sixty interviews, unpublished scripts, as well as rarely-consulted archival material, we can see—contrary to a good deal of clichéd polemic and safe scholarly assessment—that Ulster Protestants have historically and continually demonstrated a vigorous creative pulse as well as a tendency towards Left wing and class politics. St John Ervine, Thomas Carnduff, John Hewitt, Sam Thompson, Stewart Parker, Graham Reid, Ron Hutchinson, Marie Jones, Christina Reid, and Gary Mitchell profoundly challenge as well as reflect their communities. Illuminating a diverse and conflicted culture stretching beyond Orange Order parades, the weaving together of the lives and work of each of the writers considered highlights mutual themes and insights on the identity, as if part of some grander tapestry of alternative twentieth century Protestant culture. Ulster Protestantism’s consistent delivery of such dissenting voices counters its monolithic and reactionary reputation.
Book chapters on the topic "Pulsar classes"
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Uebersax, Mark A., and Muhammad Siddiq. "Market Classes and Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Dry Beans." In Dry Beans and Pulses Production, Processing and Nutrition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118448298.ch3.
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Fukunaga, Kaori. "Comparison of THz Pulsed TDI with Classic Methods." In THz Technology Applied to Cultural Heritage in Practice. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55885-9_5.
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Li, Wenhua, Quang Loc Le, Yahui Song, and Wei-Ngan Chin. "Inferring Incorrectness Specifications for Object-Oriented Programs." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90643-5_2.
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Abstract Incorrectness logic (IL) based on under-approximation is effective at finding real program bugs. The prior work utilises bi-abductive specification inference mechanism to infer IL specifications for analysing large-scale C projects. However, this approach does not work well with object-oriented (OO) programs because it does not account for class inheritance and method overriding. In our work, we present an IL specification inference system that tackles these issues. At its core, we encode type information in our bi-abductive reasoning and propagate type constraints throughout the analysis. The direct benefit is that we can efficiently identify bugs caused by improper usage of the casting operator, which cannot be handled by the existing specification inference. Meanwhile, our system can reduce false positives while finding more true bugs because of not losing OO-type information. Furthermore, we model dynamic dispatching calls by inferring dynamic specifications, where the possible types of the calling object at runtime are bounded by the type constraints. We prototype our system in ILoop and evaluate it using real-world projects. Experimental results show that it finds 400% more class-cast-exceptions compared with Error Prone and improves the precision of finding null-pointer-exceptions by 27.0% compared with Pulse.
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Talgam, Imri. "19. Performing Iannis Xenakis’s Polyrhythms." In Meta-Xenakis. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0390.21.
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Xenakis often uses complex superimposed polyrhythms that are uniquely challenging for performers to realize, especially in solo and chamber works. Faced with overwhelming rhythmic complexity, performers must choose a strategy to navigate the score, often resulting in informal compromises and approximations. As an alternative, in this chapter, I propose a methodological approach to performance of rhythmic complexity using re-notation informed by theories of metric perception. Using examples from Mists, À l’île de Gorée, and Dikhthas, I identify three classes of rhythmic textures: irregular a-metrical rhythms, isochronous polyrhythms, and phase-shifted polyrhythms. While Xenakis’s notation clearly conveys these distinct ideas, it does not facilitate accurate realization in performance, which diminishes the polyphonic quality of these passages. My methodology proceeds in several stages: a) Analysis of the primary cues for grouping and possible metric interpretations of each rhythmic texture using the theory proposed by London; b) using the notion of context-sensitive constraints on metric perception (I propose a quantization strategy to reduce the complexity of the rhythm while preserving the macro characteristics; c) proposal of several possible re-notations, depending on the grouping cues or pulse layers that are taken as the tactus in the passage, while relegating other layers to ana-metrical status. Since multiple versions may be beneficial in representing different aspect of the music, I consider their advantages from both performers’ and listeners’ perspectives; d) finally, I examine the dynamics of listening and synchronization between multiple players in realizing rhythmically complex passages, in which players create a metric interpretation collaboratively.
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Palau-Sampio, Dolors, and Guillermo López-García. "Challenges in a Hostile Scenario." In SpringerBriefs in Political Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86620-3_4.
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Abstract Under the title of Challenges in a Hostile Scenario, this chapter addresses the socio-political conditions in which communication occurs, delving into the perverse synergies between three major threats facing Western democracies: polarisation, disinformation, and the rise of populism. This section combines the theoretical and empirical approach to the three concepts on which it pivots, based on a bibliographic review and a survey that takes the pulse and delves into the perception of citizens. The first part of the chapter focuses on the dynamics of populism and polarisation, considering socio-political trends in the international context and how they manifest within the Spanish context. Through the survey, both dimensions have been tested, based on the positioning of citizens in response to a series of statements. These responses allow us to observe both social fractures and support for certain populist attitudes concerning representatives of various powers, including the political class, financial sectors, the media, and international organisations. The responses of 1200 individuals, representative of Spanish society, also allow us to identify the main fault lines around significant social issues such as national identity, gender equality, immigration, climate change, and housing. The second part of the chapter focuses on disinformation, offering a detailed analysis of this phenomenon within the Spanish context. Based on public responses, an overview is provided of how citizens perceive the problem of disinformation, the sources they attribute to the origin of false content, how they act when such content is detected, and what measures receive public support in combating it. The results provide a comprehensive picture of this phenomenon and potential solutions to address it.
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Shneider, M. N. "Classic cavitation." In Liquid Dielectrics in an Inhomogeneous Pulsed Electric Field. IOP Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-1245-5ch2.
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Ortegren, Jennifer D. "Dharma and Discomfort During Navaratri." In Middle-Class Dharma. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530795.003.0006.
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Abstract This chapter examines practices during Navaratri, a nine-day festival honoring the goddess, for which many families return to rural homes to worship localized forms of the goddess within caste-homogenous communities. It analyzes the ways in which middle-class and religious identities are mutually constructed in relationship to local communities but focuses on distinctions both within Pulan itself and between the urban neighborhood and a rural village. This chapter also investigates competing claims about the existence of two ritual sites and communities within Pulan as well as claims to feeling more “comfortable” in the village due to the caste homogeny there. These claims reveal implicit tensions and discomfort in urban areas related to the ambiguity of a shifting middle-class dharmic world and highlight a more general sense of dharmic instability within the emerging middle classes that affects their ability to comfortably and fully inhabit middle-class dharmic selfhoods.
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Bloom, Joshua S. "The Progenitors of Gamma-Ray Bursts." In What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts? Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145570.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the object or objects responsible for gramma-ray bursts (GRBs). Until now, there are few absolute certainties with regard to the progenitors of GRBs. One clear standout is the progenitors of soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) which are very obviously neutron stars. There are a number of corroborating lines of evidence for this progenitor association: (1) some well-localized SGRs are associated with supernova remnants, suggesting they are byproducts of recent supernovae; (2) there is quiescent X-ray emission from the sites of SGRs, similar to a class of neutron stars called “anomalous X-ray pulsars”; (3) Galactic SGRs tend to be found in the Galactic plane, where most young neutron stars reside; and (4) the ringdown emission after SGR pulses is periodic, with periods comparable to that of slowly rotating neutron stars (few seconds).
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Shneider, Mikhail N., and Mikhail Pekker. "Classic cavitation." In Liquid Dielectrics in an Inhomogeneous Pulsed Electric Field (Second Edition): Dynamics, cavitation and related phenomena. IOP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-2372-7ch2.
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Ortegren, Jennifer D. "New Neighborhood, New Dharma." In Middle-Class Dharma. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530795.003.0007.
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Abstract This chapter examines how dharma shifts when families move into new neighborhoods. It focuses on the experiences of one woman, Shubha, whose family moved out of Pulan into a more elite middle-class neighborhood and her difficulty to embody a new dharmic identity even as the decisions she makes regarding how to raise her daughters with different bodily practices will enable them to do so. It revisits themes of education, marriage, and work, but emphasizes nonritual aspects of middle-class dharma, such as fashion, food, leisure, and hospitality, and the role of the body in reflecting and producing classed dharmic identities.
Conference papers on the topic "Pulsar classes"
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Donaldson, William R., and Siddharth Sampat. "Temporal and Spectral Characterization of Sub-100 ps in the OMEGA Laser Amplifier Chain." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sf3l.5.
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Sub-100-ps pulse propagation in a 1-kJ-class laser amplifier chain has been characterized both temporally and spectrally. The short pulses have temporal and spectral widths that increase as the output energy increases, unlike nanosecond pulses.
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Pellegrina, A., A. Kabacinski, A. Jeandet, et al. "100Hz Joule class ultra-short pulses TiSa laser." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sf3l.2.
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Joule class lasers at 100Hz with ultra-short pulse involve a lot of challenges to manage thermal issues in the amplifiers as well as in the compressors. Recent results achieved in this direction are presented.
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Wang, T. "Overview of Megavolt-Class Pulsed Switches and Their Time Delay Jitters." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icops58192.2024.10626488.
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Thames, Walker, Jacob Dyer, Isaac J. Cohen, et al. "Modular kW-Class Pulsed Power Capacitor Charger for High Frequency Applications." In 2024 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ipmhvc55105.2024.11002795.
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Widjaja, Justin, Antoine F. J. Runge, and C. Martijn de Sterke. "Multicolor Solitons with and without Phase-Locking." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jw2a.190.
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We report the observation in a fiber laser of a new class of soliton comprised of multiple frequency components with the same group velocity but different propagation constants, which exhibit small periodic pulse-to-pulse energy variations.
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Yoshida, Masahiro, Shumpei Katsuno, Menaka De Zoysa, Takuya Inoue, and Susumu Noda. "Kilowatt-class high-peak-power pulsed operation of large-area photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.stu4c.3.
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We demonstrate kilowatt-class high-peak-power operation of a 3-mm-diameter PCSEL. Both a 1-kW peak power and a 1-GWcm-2sr-1 brightness are realized. Laser color marking of metal is demonstrated by using such high-peak-power, high-brightness pulsed PCSELs.
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Breton, R. P., M. S. E. Robert, S. M. Ransom, et al. "PSR J1744–3922: Hint of a New Binary Pulsar Class." In 40 YEARS OF PULSARS: Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900278.
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Vojna, David, Ondřej Slezák, Jan Pilař, et al. "Faraday isolator for a kilowatt-class pulsed laser." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.2023.ath1a.2.
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We report on the first-ever demonstration of a Faraday isolator for a large- aperture high-energy pulsed laser. The isolator exhibits a stable isolation ratio of 30.46 dB with the 100 J/10 Hz/10 ns pulses at 1030 nm.
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Hamrouni, Marin, François Labaye, Norbert Modsching, Valentin J. Wittwer, and Thomas Südmeyer. "Powerful Sub-100-fs Diode-Pumped Solid-State Laser Oscillator Operating at Gigahertz Repetition Rate." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2022.sf4e.3.
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Our Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CALGO laser oscillator generates 93-fs pulses in 6.9-W and 48-fs pulses in 4.1-W at 1-GHz repetition rate. These are the shortest pulse duration and highest average power of any GHz-class Yb-based oscillator.
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Pires, Adriana M., Christian Motch, C. Bassa, Z. Wang, A. Cumming, and V. M. Kaspi. "Searching For New Thermally Emitting Isolated Neutron Stars In The 2XMMp Catalogue Discovery of a Promising Candidate for the Class." In 40 YEARS OF PULSARS: Millisecond Pulsars, Magnetars and More. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2900234.
Full textReports on the topic "Pulsar classes"
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Woodworth, Joseph Ray, David Lee Johnson, Frank Wilkins, et al. Laser triggering of water switches in terrawatt-class pulse power accelerators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883475.
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Carmel, Yuval. A Plasma-Assisted Megawatt Class Microwave Source With an Output of 1KJ Per Pulse. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada487481.
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Lora, Eduardo. La Realidad Social: Una introducción a los Problemas y Políticas del Desarrollo Social en América Latina: Módulo IV: Tomándole el pulso a la salud. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008004.
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La salud de la población de América Latina y el Caribe ha mejorado enormemente en casi todas sus dimensiones y para casi todos los grupos o clases definibles en las últimas décadas, lo que sin duda representa un avance importante para el bienestar personal y social de la población de esta región. Del estado de salud de los individuos depende su capacidad para participar en la vida económica y social, y para desenvolverse en su vida personal. Sin embargo, la salud no constituye un aspecto aislado de la vida, depende mucho de otros aspectos del entorno social y físico de una persona, como la educación, el empleo, estatus socioeconómico, las redes sociales, el acceso a agua potable y saneamiento, para nombrar sólo algunos.
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Leis, Sherry, and Mary Short. Vegetation community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: 2007–2021. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299454.
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Resource managers at Pea Ridge National Military Park manage the natural communities of the park as a backdrop for interpreting the civil war battle that occurred on March 7–8, 1862. Restoration of the landscape to the vegetation communities that were present at the time of the battle is ongoing. Priorities for restoration include density, form, and vegetation structure, but native representative species are also desired. Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network ecologists observed plant community sites in park woodlands in 2007, 2012, 2016, and 2021. Climate may influence vegetation and other park natural resources. Temperatures have been increasing at the park, but precipitation and drought indices did not demonstrate significant trends. There was a great degree of interannual variability in precipitation and drought metrics. Phenological data indicated earlier first bloom and leaf-out dates. Overstory canopy, basal area, density, and tree stocking were similar through time, but class 1, midstory trees increased in basal area and density after 2007. The overstory structure remained that of a closed woodland despite prescribed fires and cedar thinning that occurred at the park. Our monitoring data show that fire management goals for overstory reduction have not yet been met. Ground cover was similar through time except for bare soil and deciduous leaf litter. Bare soil and leaf litter experienced a pulse in variability in 2012 and 2021, presumably in response to heterogeneous prescribed fires. Maintaining heterogeneous ground cover may best support biodiversity across the landscape. Ground flora cover (excluding tree regeneration) increased by 88% from 2007 to 2021, meeting a fire management goal. However, ground flora cover was heterogeneous across the sites. Concomitant with the increase in ground flora cover, we observed notable increases in alpha diversity (mean site species richness) and gamma diversity (parkwide species richness) across the monitoring period. Although increases may have been related to treatments and environmental factors, we also improved our botanical sampling preparation and included an expert botanist on the crew in 2021. Species composition of the ground flora was assessed via guilds and indicator species. Although tree regeneration was not included in estimates of total ground flora cover, it was highly variable through time. The seedling class comprised the majority of the regeneration stems observed. Although mean small sapling density values increased by 535% over 2007 levels, there was a great deal of variability among the sites, indicating small sapling estimates were contained within the confidence intervals and not truly different through time. Forbs comprised the greatest abundance of the ground flora guilds through time, except in 2012. Forbs also exhibited the greatest variability in all years except for 2012. Woody species increased over our monitoring record but remained low in cover. We analyzed a set of 50 indicator species for Ozark highlands woodlands to understand changes in the ground flora. The number of woodland indicator species observed in each monitoring event was low (ranged from 7–14 species) with the highest number of species observed in 2021. We also calculated invasive species metrics and found the number of invasive species increased from 2 to 11 over the monitoring record. Nepalese browntop (Microstegium vimineum) was the most abundant of these species. Our confidence in the 2021 ground flora observations was high. We found our observer error to be within standard levels, including agreement on species cover estimates. Not all sites have received the number of burns described in the park’s ecological fire management goals. Our monitoring data show that one of the fire management goals, increased ground flora cover, has been met, but the other two goals for overstory density reduction and seedling density have not yet been met. Further analysis of species composition of the overstory and tree regeneration will be needed after the fire treatments have been completed to determine if all fire management goals are being met.
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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.
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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch, and Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.
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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).