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Journal articles on the topic 'Pulse Code Modulation Encoder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ahmed, Iftekhar Uddin, Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum, and S. M. A. Motakabber. "The proposed model of pulse code modulation encoder for voice frequencies." International Journal of Scientific World 3, no. 1 (April 26, 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v3i1.4495.

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<p>In this paper, we have developed a hardware-based model of pulse code modulation (PCM) system for voice frequencies. Firstly, we have constructed sample and hold circuit using triggered semiconductor switch (e.g., MOSFET), which is capable of sampling voice signals at 8 kHz according to Nyquist theory. Then an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) Integrated Circuit (IC) is introduced to quantize and to digitize of the output of the sample and hold as pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). The converted outputs are 8-bit digital parallel value per sample at a frequency of 8 kHz. Finally, a parallel to serial converter logic is constructed which remains the voice frequency at the accurate time without any delay. The principle feature of this PCM system is that during a final interval of time, it makes a waveform into 8 bit serial code word. An 8-bit shift register with decade counter and flip-flop based logic are providing to this wave-from one after another without any interruptions of the sequences.</p>

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2

M, Sravan Reddy, and Vishnuvardhan D. "Post-processing of “Pulse code modulation” encoder output to downtick bit rates for voice transmission." IJIREEICE 3, no. 11 (November 15, 2015): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijireeice.2015.31118.

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3

Sadiq, B. J. S., V. Yu Tsviatkou, and М. N. Bobov. "Аdaptive combined image coding with prediction of arithmetic code volume." Doklady BGUIR 19, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2021-19-2-31-39.

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The problem of increasing the efficiency of coding of halftone images in the space of bit planes of differences in pixel values obtained using differential coding (DPCM – Differential pulse-code modulation) is considered. For a compact representation of DPCM pixel values, it is proposed to use a combined compression encoder that implements arithmetic coding and run-length coding. An arithmetic encoder provides high compression ratios, but has high computational complexity and significant encoding overhead. This makes it effective primarily for compressing the mean-value bit-planes of DPCM pixel values. Run-length coding is extremely simple and outperforms arithmetic coding in compressing long sequences of repetitive symbols that often occur in the upper bit planes of DPCM pixel values. For DPCM bit planes of pixel values of any image, a combination of simple run length coders and complex arithmetic coders can be selected that provides the maximum compression ratio for each bit plane and all planes in general with the least computational complexity. As a result, each image has its own effective combined encoder structure, which depends on the distribution of bits in the bit planes of the DPCM pixel values. To adapt the structure of the combined encoder to the distribution of bits in the bit planes of DPCM pixel values, the article proposes to use prediction of the volume of arithmetic code based on entropy and comparison of the obtained predicted value with the volume of run length code. The entropy is calculated based on the values of the number of repetitions of ones and zero symbols, which are obtained as intermediate results of the run length encoding. This does not require additional computational costs. It was found that in comparison with the adaptation of the combined encoder structure using direct determination of the arithmetic code volume of each bit plane of DPCM pixel values, the proposed encoder structure provides a significant reduction in computational complexity while maintaining high image compression ratios.

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Fuglsig, Andreas Jonas, and Jan Østergaard. "Zero-Delay Multiple Descriptions of Stationary Scalar Gauss-Markov Sources." Entropy 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121185.

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In this paper, we introduce the zero-delay multiple-description problem, where an encoder constructs two descriptions and the decoders receive a subset of these descriptions. The encoder and decoders are causal and operate under the restriction of zero delay, which implies that at each time instance, the encoder must generate codewords that can be decoded by the decoders using only the current and past codewords. For the case of discrete-time stationary scalar Gauss—Markov sources and quadratic distortion constraints, we present information-theoretic lower bounds on the average sum-rate in terms of the directed and mutual information rate between the source and the decoder reproductions. Furthermore, we show that the optimum test channel is in this case Gaussian, and it can be realized by a feedback coding scheme that utilizes prediction and correlated Gaussian noises. Operational achievable results are considered in the high-rate scenario using a simple differential pulse code modulation scheme with staggered quantizers. Using this scheme, we achieve operational rates within 0.415 bits / sample / description of the theoretical lower bounds for varying description rates.

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5

Kung, Ying-Shieh, Seng-Chi Chen, Jin-Mu Lin, and Tsung-Chun Tseng. "FPGA-realization of a speed control IC for induction motor drive." Engineering Computations 33, no. 6 (August 1, 2016): 1835–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2015-0260.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate the function of a speed controller for induction motor (IM) drive, such as the speed PI controller, the current vector controller, the slip speed estimator, the space vector pulse width modulation scheme, the quadrature encoder pulse, and analog to digital converter interface circuit, etc. into one field programmable gate array (FPGA). Design/methodology/approach – First, the mathematical modeling of an IM drive, the field-oriented control algorithm, and PI controller are derived. Second, the very high speed IC hardware description language (VHDL) is adopted to describe the behavior of the algorithms above. Third, based on electronic design automation simulator link, a co-simulation work constructed by ModelSim and Simulink is applied to verify the proposed VHDL code for the speed controller intellectual properties (IP). Finally, the developed VHDL code will be downloaded to the FPGA for further control the IM drive. Findings – In realization aspect, it only needs 5,590 LEs, 196,608 RAM bits, and 14 embedded 9-bit multipliers in FPGA to build up a speed control IP. In computational power aspect, the operation time to complete the computation of the PI controller, the slip speed estimator, the current vector controller are only 0.28 μs, 0.72 μs, and 0.96 μs, respectively. Practical implications – Fast computation in FPGA can speed up the speed response of IM drive system to increase the running performance. Originality/value – This is the first time to realize all the function of a speed controller for IM drive within one FPGA.

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6

Sultan, Bushra A., and Loay E. George. "Color image compression based on spatial and magnitude signal decomposition." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4069-4081.

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<p>In this paper, a simple color image compression system has been proposed using image signal decomposition. Where, the RGB image color band is converted to the less correlated YUV color model and the pixel value (magnitude) in each band is decomposed into 2-values; most and least significant. According to the importance of the most significant value (MSV) that influenced by any simply modification happened, an adaptive lossless image compression system is proposed using bit plane (BP) slicing, delta pulse code modulation (Delta PCM), adaptive quadtree (QT) partitioning followed by an adaptive shift encoder. On the other hand, a lossy compression system is introduced to handle the least significant value (LSV), it is based on an adaptive, error bounded coding system, and it uses the DCT compression scheme. The performance of the developed compression system was analyzed and compared with those attained from the universal standard JPEG, and the results of applying the proposed system indicated its performance is comparable or better than that of the JPEG standards.</p>

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7

Silitonga, Parasian D. P., and Irene Sri Morina. "Compression and Decompression of Audio Files Using the Arithmetic Coding Method." Scientific Journal of Informatics 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v6i1.17839.

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Audio file size is relatively larger when compared to files with text format. Large files can cause various obstacles in the form of large space requirements for storage and a long enough time in the shipping process. File compression is one solution that can be done to overcome the problem of large file sizes. Arithmetic coding is one algorithm that can be used to compress audio files. The arithmetic coding algorithm encodes the audio file and changes one row of input symbols with a floating point number and obtains the output of the encoding in the form of a number of values greater than 0 and smaller than 1. The process of compression and decompression of audio files in this study is done against several wave files. Wave files are standard audio file formats developed by Microsoft and IBM that are stored using PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) coding. The wave file compression ratio obtained in this study was 16.12 percent with an average compression process time of 45.89 seconds, while the average decompression time was 0.32 seconds.

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8

Yamagiwa, Shinichi, and Yuma Ichinomiya. "Stream-Based Visually Lossless Data Compression Applying Variable Bit-Length ADPCM Encoding." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 4602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134602.

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Video applications have become one of the major services in the engineering field, which are implemented by server–client systems connected via the Internet, broadcasting services for mobile devices such as smartphones and surveillance cameras for security. Recently, the majority of video encoding mechanisms to reduce the data rate are mainly lossy compression methods such as the MPEG format. However, when we consider special needs for high-speed communication such as display applications and object detection ones with high accuracy from the video stream, we need to address the encoding mechanism without any loss of pixel information, called visually lossless compression. This paper focuses on the Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) that encodes a data stream into a constant bit length per data element. However, the conventional ADPCM does not have any mechanism to control dynamically the encoding bit length. We propose a novel ADPCM that provides a mechanism with a variable bit-length control, called ADPCM-VBL, for the encoding/decoding mechanism. Furthermore, since we expect that the encoded data from ADPCM maintains low entropy, we expect to reduce the amount of data by applying a lossless data compression. Applying ADPCM-VBL and a lossless data compression, this paper proposes a video transfer system that controls throughput autonomously in the communication data path. Through evaluations focusing on the aspects of the encoding performance and the image quality, we confirm that the proposed mechanisms effectively work on the applications that needs visually lossless compression by encoding video stream in low latency.

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9

Arpasi, Jorge Pedraza. "On the Uncontrollability of Nonabelian Group Codes with Uncoded Group." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/783516.

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Error-correcting encoding is a mathematical manipulation of the information against transmission errors over noisy communications channels. One class of error-correcting codes is the so-calledgroup codes. Presently, there are many good binary group codes which are abelian. A group code is a family of bi-infinite sequences produced by a finite state machine (FSM) homomorphic encoder defined on the extension of two finite groups. As a set of sequences, a group code is a dynamical system and it is known that well-behaved dynamical systems must be necessarily controllable. Thus, a good group code must be controllable. In this paper, we work with group codes defined over nonabelian groups. This necessity on the encoder is because it has been shown that the capacity of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel using abelian group codes is upper bounded by the capacity of the same channel using phase shift keying (PSK) modulation eventually with different energies per symbol. We will show that when the trellis section group is nonabelian and the input group of the encoder is a cyclic group with, elements, prime, then the group code produced by the encoder is noncontrollable.

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10

Sulaeman, Enceng, Ashari Ashari, Griffani Megiyanto Rahmatullah, and Rifa Hanifatunnisa. "Pembangkitan Sinyal Pulse Code Modulation Berbasis OMAP-L318." JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v5.i2.2020.215-220.

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11

Whalen, D. H., E. R. Wiley, Philip E. Rubin, and Franklin S. Cooper. "The Haskins Laboratories’ pulse code modulation (PCM) system." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 22, no. 6 (November 1990): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03204440.

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12

O'Reilly, J. J., and Wang Yichao. "Line code design for digital pulse-position modulation." IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Processing 132, no. 6 (1985): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1985.0084.

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13

Wang, Xuanyin. "ON HYDRAULIC MANIPULATOR CONTROL WITH GENRALIZATION PULSE CODE MODULATION." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 38, supp (2002): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2002.supp.203.

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14

Azizi, Farouk, Hui Lu, Hillel J. Chiel, and Carlos H. Mastrangelo. "Chemical neurostimulation using pulse code modulation (PCM) microfluidic chips." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 192, no. 2 (October 2010): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.011.

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15

Bessonov, Yu L., A. Kh Zabrodskiĭ, V. P. Konyaev, V. N. Luk'yanov, S. A. Pashko, V. V. Os'kina, N. V. Shelkov, S. D. Yakubovich, and S. V. Yastrebov. "Direct pulse-code modulation of high-power heterolaser radiation." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 20, no. 10 (October 31, 1990): 1295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1990v020n10abeh007472.

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16

Tomar, Geetam Singh, and Marcus L. George. "Hardware Implementation of Pulse Code Modulation Speech Compression Algorithm." Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmscahs.2012.06.02.

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17

Louet, Yves, Rami Othman, and Alexandre Skrzypczak. "A Soft-Output STBC Decoder for Aeronautical Telemetry." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 31, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2020.138319.

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Alamouti encoding is a well-known space time block encoding technique used to improve the received signal quality in Rayleigh fading channels. In aeronautical telemetry, this encoding technique is applied to shaped oﬀset quadrature phase shift keying tier generation (SOQPSK-TG) modulation in order to handle the two-antenna issue. It is provided for in telemetry-related IRIG standards. In this paper, we propose a unique decoding architecture for Alamouti-encoded SOQPSK-TG signals, taking advantage of pulse amplitude modulation decomposition with soft and hard outputs. We exploit this result to obtain a Viterbi algorithm (VA) for hard decoding and a soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) for soft and hard decoding, with a twofold beneﬁt: operation using one trellis structure, unlike decoders that are based on the 8-waveforms cross-correlated trellis-coded quadrature modulation (XTCQM) approximation, and very attractive bit error rate performance, as well as a complexity trade-oﬀ

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18

Ali Jassim, Amjad, Wael A. Hadi., and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al-Firas. "Serially Concatenated Low-density Parity Check Codes as Compatible Pairs." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.15 (October 7, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.23013.

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Low-density parity checks (LDPC) codes are considered good performance error correction codes. However, decoder complexity increases with increasing code length. In this study, we introduce short-length serially concatenated LDPC codes. The proposed technique uses pairs of compatible LDPC codes that act as outer and inner serially concatenated codes. In this code pair, the inner code takes input that is the same length as the outer LDPC encoder output. This study examined two cases of LDPC codes as compatible pairs with low numbers of iterations and compared bit error rate (BER) performance to a standalone LDPC code with an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We also considered the quadrature phase shift keying QPSK, 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 64-QAM system modulation schemes. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system has good BER performance compared to a standalone LDPC code, the results summarized in table and performance curves.

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19

B.P., Gbaranwi, and Kabari L.G. "A Comparative Analysis of Image Compression using PCM and DPCM." British Journal of Computer, Networking and Information Technology 4, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjcnit-kyur6rdw.

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The quality of the signal is essential in digital communication and signal processing. The transmission channel is also important. Modulation is used for effectively transmission of signal. There exist several types of modulation techniques. One of such is the pulse code modulation (PCM). The performance of PCM is however affected by quantization error and noise in the transmission channel, which affects the quality of the output. Against this backdrop, this paper presents the use of differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) so as to address the limitation of pulse code modulation. The simulation environment is MATLAB 2018a. The MATLAB Simulink is used to design the PCM and DPCM systems using appropriate digital processing blocks. The DPCM system shows a significant improvement in terms of error reduction and quality of output.

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20

Uddin, Shahnawaz, Iffat Ansari, and Sameena Naaz. "Low Bit Rate Speech Coding Using Differential Pulse Code Modulation." Advances in Research 8, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2016/30234.

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21

Khazraei, Simin, Mohammad Reza Pakravan, and Mohammad Amin Shoaie. "Efficient modulation technique for optical code division multiple access networks: differential pulse position modulation." IET Optoelectronics 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2013.0076.

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22

Dong In Kim. "Combined binary pulse position modulation/biorthogonal modulation for direct-sequence code division multiple access." IEEE Transactions on Communications 47, no. 1 (1999): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.747809.

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23

Chen, Der Chin, and Jing Yuan Su. "Near-Infrared Electro-Optics Modulation Coding Technology Using the Aperture Module with the Changeable Stop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2872.

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In this paper we demonstrate a new technology in which we use the spatial optical modulation with trigger pulse width and pulse width modulation of light source (LED,LD) to build the near-infrared electro-optics modulation coding system (NIEOMCS). Using the optical coupler to let the pulse modulation near infrared LED collimated light of transmitter enter into an optical fiber and spatial optical modulator, the electro-optics modulation signal is then detected by the photodiode of the receiver. Because of aperture module with three changeable stop sizes and three duty cycles of light signal, there are 27 kinds of code modes in this system. When the receiver aperture is smaller than the correlation length of fading and the observation interval is shorter than the correlation time of fading, the modulation code error rate of the modulation system occurring is less than 0.2%.

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24

Wang, Xuanyin. "RESEARCH ON THE HYDRAULIC SERVO CONTROL WITH GENERALIZED PULSE CODE MODULATION." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 36, no. 12 (2000): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2000.12.014.

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25

Xiang Jingsong, 向劲松, 吴涛 Wu Tao, 黄胜 Huang Sheng, and 刘焕淋 Liu Huanlin. "Slot Synchronization Aided by Serial Concatenated Pulse Position Modulation Code System." Acta Optica Sinica 36, no. 8 (2016): 0806006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201636.0806006.

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26

Tomar, Rime Raj Singh, and Kapil Jain. "Lossless Image Compression using Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Its purpose." International Journal of Smart Business and Technology 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsbt.2015.3.1.02.

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27

George, Marcus L., and Geetam Singh Tomar. "Hardware Implementation of Adaptive-Differential Pulse Code Modulation Speech Compression Algorithm." International Journal of Smart Device and Appliance 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsda.2014.2.2.01.

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28

Wu, Yung-Gi. "Differential pulse code modulation predictor design procedure using a genetic algorithm." Optical Engineering 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1572889.

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Tomar, Rime Raj Singh, and Kapil Jain. "Lossless Image Compression using Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Its Purpose." International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2015): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsip.2015.8.9.26.

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Tomar, Rime Raj Singh, and Kapil Jain. "Lossless Image Compression Using Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Its Application." International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsip.2016.9.1.18.

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31

Daut, David G. "Double predictor differential pulse code modulation algorithm for image data compression." Optical Engineering 32, no. 7 (1993): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.138573.

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32

Zhenming, Gao. "A matched filter using charge coupled device for pulse-code modulation." Journal of Electronics (China) 2, no. 3 (July 1985): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02783098.

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33

Zaki, Fayez. "Sequentially Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Using Adaptive LSP Filters.(Dept.E)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 16, no. 2 (August 8, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.187940.

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Wei, Chuan Ting, Quan Li Ning, and Dong Chen. "Research on Multi-Fuze Co-Channel Interference Suppression Based on Pseudorandom Code Phase Modulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.190.

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This paper introduces the working principle of the pseudorandom code phase modulation pulse, analyzes the theoretical foundation of multi-fuze co-channel interference suppression achieved by phase modulation of the signals through pseudorandom coding, and through the calculation and analysis of simulation, verifies the feasibility of the multi-fuze co-channel interference suppression based on pseudorandom code phase modulation.

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Abbas, Huda Saleh, Mark A. Gregory, and Michael W. Austin. "A New Prime Code for Synchronous Optical Code Division Multiple-Access Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3192520.

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A new spreading code based on a prime code for synchronous optical code-division multiple-access networks that can be used in monitoring applications has been proposed. The new code is referred to as “extended grouped new modified prime code.” This new code has the ability to support more terminal devices than other prime codes. In addition, it patches subsequences with “0s” leading to lower power consumption. The proposed code has an improved cross-correlation resulting in enhanced BER performance. The code construction and parameters are provided. The operating performance, using incoherent on-off keying modulation and incoherent pulse position modulation systems, has been analyzed. The performance of the code was compared with other prime codes. The results demonstrate an improved performance, and a BER floor of 10−9 was achieved.

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Kwang Soon Kim, D. M. Marom, L. B. Milstein, and Y. Fainman. "Hybrid pulse position modulation/ultrashort light pulse code-division multiple-access systems-part I: fundamental analysis." IEEE Transactions on Communications 50, no. 12 (December 2002): 2018–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2002.806501.

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Abu, Mohd Azlan, Harlisya Harun, Mohammad Yazdi Harmin, Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab, and Muhd Khairulzaman Abdul Kadir. "The design of Viterbi decoder for low power consumption space time trellis code without adder architecture using RTL model." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 6 (December 5, 2016): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2016-0088.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the real-time design and implementation of a Space Time Trellis Code decoder using Altera Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD). Design/methodology/approach The code uses a generator matrix designed for four-state space time trellis code (STTC) that uses quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme. The decoding process has been carried out using maximum likelihood sequences estimation through the Viterbi algorithm. Findings The results showed that the STTC decoder can successfully decipher the encoded symbols from the STTC encoder and can fully recover the original data. The data rate of the decoder is 50 Mbps. Originality/value It has been shown that 96 per cent improvement of the total logic elements in Max V CPLD is used compared to the previous literature review.

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Kord, Reem, Heba Afify, and Manal Abdel Wahed. "Towards Improved Lossless Compression for Mammogram Images using Differential Pulse Code Modulation." Current Medical Imaging Reviews 14, no. 6 (October 31, 2018): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405614666180530081826.

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Zhang, Lu, Xiaodan Pang, Oskars Ozolins, Aleksejs Udalcovs, Richard Schatz, Urban Westergren, Gunnar Jacobsen, et al. "Digital mobile fronthaul employing differential pulse code modulation with suppressed quantization noise." Optics Express 25, no. 25 (December 7, 2017): 31921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.031921.

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40

Nah, Jihah, and Jongweon Kim. "Raw Data Recovery from Pulse Code Modulation Pieces in the BitTorrent Environment." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2014): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.5.24.

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Norris, J. F., and D. F. Lovely. "Real-time compression of myoelectric data utilising adaptive differential pulse code modulation." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 33, no. 5 (September 1995): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02510779.

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Sun, Rong Xia, Lei Gao, Jian Kang, Pan Pan Huang, Yi Tian, and Xiao Feng Chen. "Automatic On-Line Detection and Sorting System Design and Implementation for Paper-Making Printing." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3.

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Transforms the papermaking production line to spurt the code automatic detection separation system is the production of impending rapid requirement. This design using the original paper cutter to cut the paper separating function is bad, choose the trigger for separating door action by photoelectric sensor signal, triggering bad signal detection equipments, and complete code identification papers in the test paper separating bad logo. In printing, the PLC control high-speed counter acquisition traction, printing roll encoder pulse signal range. This system includes color standard sensor signal detection, Siemens S7-200 PLC controller, etc. Also gives the system installation problems and presents the corresponding countermeasures. The paper realize online automatic testing equipments, satisfying the function of separation, stable, zero leakage rate of selected control of the production requirement.

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BAI, ZHIQUAN, SHAOYI XU, WEIHUA ZHANG, and KYUNGSUP KWAK. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL M-ARY CODE SELECTED DS-BPAM UWB COMMUNICATION SYSTEM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 03 (June 2006): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003155.

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A novel M-ary direct sequence ultra wideband (UWB) communication system based on the selection of the direct sequence code is studied in this paper. The proposed M-ary code selected direct sequence bipolar pulse amplitude modulation scheme can achieve high bit rate without increasing the system bandwidth or changing the pulse shape. With the increase of the modulation level M, the system bit error rate will be improved even at lower signal to noise ratio per bit. The exact bit error probability is derived over the AWGN channel and correlation receivers. Both Monte-Carlo simulation and the theoretical analysis prove the efficiency of this M-ary UWB system.

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Liu, Yang, and Guoan Zhang. "Research on Modulations of Wireless Optical Communication System Based on RS Code under Weak Turbulence Atmosphere Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4945.

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The free space optical (FSO) system model is analyzed based on on-off keying (OOK), pulse position modulation (PPM), differential pulse position modulation (DPPM) and digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) under the weak turbulence atmosphere. To improve the system performance, one effective way is to use forward error correction (FEC).The bit error rate (BER) calculating formula of uncoded system is derived under all above the modulations firstly, then as a benchmark, under the case of independent with identical distribution, the average bit error rates of RS coded system are derived, respectively. Simulations of the average bit error rate performance of these systems are done. Simulation results show that, PPM has the best bit error rate performance, RS coded is efficient to get the code gain and to improve jamming-rejection capability of system.

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Ahmed, Ali H., and Loay E. George. "Color Image Compression Based on Wavelet, Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Quadtree Coding." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.14.3992.

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LIU, Rong. "Control strategy for electro-hydraulic position servo system with generalized pulse code modulation." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition) 20, no. 03 (2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2007.03.050.

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Elsabrouty, Maha, Martin Bouchard, and Tyseer Aboulnasr. "Receiver-based packet loss concealment for pulse code modulation (PCM G.711) coder." Signal Processing 84, no. 3 (March 2004): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2003.10.021.

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Huang, Qiongdan, Yong Li, Yaoping Zeng, and Yinjuan Fu. "Design and Characteristic Analysis of Multicarrier Chaotic Phase Coded Radar Pulse Train Signal." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/724294.

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By introducing phase code into multicarrier orthogonal frequency division multiplex signal, the multicarrier phase coded (MCPC) radar signal possesses a good spectrum utilization rate and can achieve a good combination of narrowband and wideband processing. Radar pulse train signal not only reserves the high range resolution of monopulse signal, but also has the same velocity resolution performance as continuous wave signal does. In this study, we use the chaotic biphase code generated by Chebyshev mapping to conduct a phase modulation on MCPC pulse train so as to design two different types of multicarrier chaotic phase coded pulse train signal. The ambiguity functions of the two pulse train signals are compared with that of P4 code MCPC pulse train. In addition, we analyze the influences of subcarrier number, phase-modulated bit number, and period number on the pulse train’s autocorrelation performance. The low probability of intercept (LPI) performance of the two signals is also discussed. Simulation results show that the designed pulse train signals have a thumbtack ambiguity function, a periodic autocorrelation side lobe lower than P4 code MCPC pulse train, and excellent LPI performance, as well as the feature of waveform diversity.

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Tang, Yu. "Simulation Research on how to Improve the Range Resolution of Pulse Compression Radar Based on Phase Coding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.634.

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Phase coded radar signal is one of the pulse-pulse modulation signal in the radar system. Based on the characteristics of matched filtering, we theoretically analyze the basic principle of the phase coded compression radar system. In the Matlab platform, we set up a simulation model which is used for matching filter, when the radar transmitting signal is Barke code signal. The simulation results show that Echo signal can obtain certain pulse compression ratio. By the matched filter, the main lobe amplitude of 13 bits Barker code signal is 22 times the rate of side-lobe. 13 bits Barker codes by the matched filter have the maximum pulse compression ratio.

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Dang, N. T., and A. T. Pham. "Performance analysis of two-dimensional optical code-division multiple-access systems using novel multi-code pulse-position modulation." IET Communications 6, no. 15 (October 16, 2012): 2425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0944.

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