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Journal articles on the topic 'Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Whalen, D. H., E. R. Wiley, Philip E. Rubin, and Franklin S. Cooper. "The Haskins Laboratories’ pulse code modulation (PCM) system." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 22, no. 6 (November 1990): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03204440.

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2

B.P., Gbaranwi, and Kabari L.G. "A Comparative Analysis of Image Compression using PCM and DPCM." British Journal of Computer, Networking and Information Technology 4, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjcnit-kyur6rdw.

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The quality of the signal is essential in digital communication and signal processing. The transmission channel is also important. Modulation is used for effectively transmission of signal. There exist several types of modulation techniques. One of such is the pulse code modulation (PCM). The performance of PCM is however affected by quantization error and noise in the transmission channel, which affects the quality of the output. Against this backdrop, this paper presents the use of differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) so as to address the limitation of pulse code modulation. The simulation environment is MATLAB 2018a. The MATLAB Simulink is used to design the PCM and DPCM systems using appropriate digital processing blocks. The DPCM system shows a significant improvement in terms of error reduction and quality of output.

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3

Azizi, Farouk, Hui Lu, Hillel J. Chiel, and Carlos H. Mastrangelo. "Chemical neurostimulation using pulse code modulation (PCM) microfluidic chips." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 192, no. 2 (October 2010): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.011.

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4

Ahmed, Iftekhar Uddin, Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum, and S. M. A. Motakabber. "The proposed model of pulse code modulation encoder for voice frequencies." International Journal of Scientific World 3, no. 1 (April 26, 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v3i1.4495.

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<p>In this paper, we have developed a hardware-based model of pulse code modulation (PCM) system for voice frequencies. Firstly, we have constructed sample and hold circuit using triggered semiconductor switch (e.g., MOSFET), which is capable of sampling voice signals at 8 kHz according to Nyquist theory. Then an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) Integrated Circuit (IC) is introduced to quantize and to digitize of the output of the sample and hold as pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). The converted outputs are 8-bit digital parallel value per sample at a frequency of 8 kHz. Finally, a parallel to serial converter logic is constructed which remains the voice frequency at the accurate time without any delay. The principle feature of this PCM system is that during a final interval of time, it makes a waveform into 8 bit serial code word. An 8-bit shift register with decade counter and flip-flop based logic are providing to this wave-from one after another without any interruptions of the sequences.</p>

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5

Elsabrouty, Maha, Martin Bouchard, and Tyseer Aboulnasr. "Receiver-based packet loss concealment for pulse code modulation (PCM G.711) coder." Signal Processing 84, no. 3 (March 2004): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2003.10.021.

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6

ITO, YOSHIKUNI. "Production of direct current (DC) data recorders using pulse code modulation (PCM) audio processors." Seibutsu Butsuri 26, no. 6 (1986): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.26.291.

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7

Gao, Hui Sheng, and Xu Rui Wang. "Sensitivity Analysis of a Baysian Network Model on PCM Equipments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 391 (September 2013): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.391.544.

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In power communication systems, the pulse code modulation (PCM) equipment play an important role. Its security has been a focus of attention, when the concept of cyber physical system is proposed. In order to solve the security problem of PCM equipments, a Bayesian Network (BN) model is used in this paper. By analyzing the sensitivity of BN model, we can get the influence of each input variable to outcome variables. For illustration, four PCM equipments are selected from some substations. They are utilized to show the feasibility of the BN model in evaluating the security of PCM equipments and the sensitivity analysis. Empirical results show that some effective counter measures can be found to help decision maker improve the security of PCM equipments. The BN model can effectively evaluate the security of PCM equipments. After analyzing the sensitivity, the most reasonable and effective countermeasures are advanced.

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8

Miranda, Igor D. dos S., and Antonio C. de C. Lima. "Impulsive Sound Detection Directly in Sigma-Delta Domain." Archives of Acoustics 42, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2017-0028.

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Abstract Recent implementations of Sigma-Delta (ΣΔ) converters have achieved low cost, low power consumption, and high integration while maintaining resolution as high as in Nyquist-rate converters. However, its usage implies demodulating the source signal delivered from ΣΔ modulation to Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) on a pre-processing stage. This work proposes an algorithm based on Discrete Cosine Transform for impulsive signal detection to be applied directly on a modulated ΣΔ bitstream, targeting to reduce computational cost in acoustic event detection applications such as gunshot recognition systems. From pre-recorded impulsive sounds in ΣΔ format, it has been shown that the new method presents a similar error rate in comparison with traditional energy-based approaches in PCM, meanwhile, it reduces significantly the number of operations per unit time.

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9

Han, Yang, Djordjevic, Yue, Wang, Qu, and Anderson. "Joint Probabilistic-Nyquist Pulse Shaping for an LDPC-Coded 8-PAM Signal in DWDM Data Center Communications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9234996.

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M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) meets the requirements of data center communication because of its simplicity, but coarse entropy granularity cannot meet the dynamic bandwidth demands, and there is a large capacity gap between uniform formats and the Shannon limit. The dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system is widely used to increase the channel capacity, but low spectral efficiency of the intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) solution restricts the throughput of the modern DWDM data center networks. Probabilistic shaping distribution is a good candidate to offer us a fine entropy granularity and efficiently reduce the gap to the Shannon limit, and Nyquist pulse shaping is widely used to increase the spectral efficiency. We aim toward the joint usage of probabilistic shaping and Nyquist pulse shaping with low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of 8-PAM signal transmission. We optimized the code rate of the LDPC code and compared different Nyquist pulse shaping parameters using simulations and experiments. We achieved a 0.43 dB gain using Nyquist pulse shaping, and a 1.1 dB gain using probabilistic shaping, while the joint use of probabilistic shaping and Nyquist pulse shaping achieved a 1.27 dB gain, which offers an excellent improvement without upgrading the transceivers.

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10

Dinčić, Milan, Dragan Denić, and Zoran Perić. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION OF VIBRATION SIGNALS FOR WIRELESS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 17, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr1801039d.

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The aim of this paper is to design, analyze and compare four different systems for ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) of vibration signals. Measurement of vibration signals is of particular importance in many areas, such as predictive maintenance or structural health monitoring. Wireless systems for vibration measurements becomes very topical, due to much easier and cheaper installation compared to wired systems. Due to the lack of transmission bandwidth and energy in wireless measurement systems, the amount of digital data being sent has to be reduced; hence, we have to apply ADC systems that can achieve the required digital signal quality, reducing the bit-rate. Four ADC systems are analyzed, for possible application in wireless measurement systems: PCM (pulse code modulation) based on uniform quantization; DPCM (differential PCM) to exploit high correlation of vibration signals; two adaptive ADC systems to cope with significant variations of characteristics of vibration signals in time - APCM (adaptive PCM) with adaptation on variance and ADPCM (adaptive DPCM), with double adaptation (both on variance and correlation). These ADC models are designed and optimized specifically for vibration signals, based on the analysis of 20 vibration signals from a referent database. An experiment is done, applying designed ADC systems for digitalization of vibration signals. APCM, DPCM and ADPCM systems allow significant bit-rate reduction compared to the PCM system, but with the increasing of complexity, hence the compromise between the bit-rate reduction and complexity is needed.

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11

Susiani Pande, Putu Sintia, Pande Ketut Sudiarta, and I. Made Oka Widyantara. "PENGUKURAN KINERJA VOIP DENGAN CODEC G.711?, G.711a DAN G.729 DI MEDIA TRANSMISI NIRKABEL BERBASIS SIP DAN IAX." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2018.v05.i01.p04.

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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology that can send real-time data with IP-based networks (Internet Protocol). In VoIP technology with wireless network has several problems that cause the performance of the network to be varied due to the QoS (Quality of Service) include delay, jitter, packet loss and MOS that affect the wireless network. This research uses G.711?, G.711a and G.729 codec based on SIP and IAX server on wireless network which then the QoS result from each codec compared with ITU-T standard which become the reference of whether the network is good or not so that later can realized on campus. In the research results, QoS on wireless IEEE 802.11 b has linear results, whereas QoS wireless in VoIP has fluctuating results because the use of codecs in VoIP on each codec has a large bitrate and different coding techniques and is a feature of wireless networks. The QoS comparison of three codecs produced the best G711 Q7S codecs because the G.711 codec has a bitrate that conforms to the 64 kbps voice communication standard and uses voice coding techniques that match the digital signal encoding technique of PCM (Pulse Code Modulation).

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12

OLALEKAN, APENA WALIU, OLASUNKANMI OMOWUMI GRACE, and SALAKO ANUOLUWAPO. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ETHERNET TRANSMISSION USING M-ARY PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION TECHNIQUES." Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 26, no. 4 (January 8, 2021): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v26i4.239.

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Low installation costs and high data rates reaching up to 10 Gbps, characterized Ethernet as the local area network (LAN) technology of choice to satisfy the increasing need for high-speed data transmission in packet-based networks. As demand for high speeds in data has increased, copper Ethernet has been integrated to handle these higher speeds. The IEEE 802.3ae* 2002 (10 Gigabit Ethernet) standard is based on data transmission over optical fibre only and in full-duplex mode. This study considered performance evaluation of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and multilevel (PAM-16) technology in comparison with other PAM versions was carried out to investigate copper Ethernet with respect to higher speed characteristic and error performance. The evaluation was carried out in MATLAB R2017b simulation environment; this provides calculated bit error rates (BER) of the considered modulation schemes under different channel conditions. The results show that PAM-16 has a BER of .which is significantly lower than that of PAM-2 and PAM-4. Additionally, Hamming code were used to detect and correct errors that are inherent in the design and the efficiency of each level of PAM used was analyzed.

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13

Sugiura, Makoto. "Special Issue. Recent of Broadcasting Technology. 1. Recent Broadcast Receiving Techniques. 1-3 The Outline of PCM(Pulse Code Modulation) Sound Broadcasting by Communication Satellite." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 46, no. 4 (1992): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.46.392.

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14

Silitonga, Parasian D. P., and Irene Sri Morina. "Compression and Decompression of Audio Files Using the Arithmetic Coding Method." Scientific Journal of Informatics 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v6i1.17839.

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Audio file size is relatively larger when compared to files with text format. Large files can cause various obstacles in the form of large space requirements for storage and a long enough time in the shipping process. File compression is one solution that can be done to overcome the problem of large file sizes. Arithmetic coding is one algorithm that can be used to compress audio files. The arithmetic coding algorithm encodes the audio file and changes one row of input symbols with a floating point number and obtains the output of the encoding in the form of a number of values greater than 0 and smaller than 1. The process of compression and decompression of audio files in this study is done against several wave files. Wave files are standard audio file formats developed by Microsoft and IBM that are stored using PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) coding. The wave file compression ratio obtained in this study was 16.12 percent with an average compression process time of 45.89 seconds, while the average decompression time was 0.32 seconds.

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15

Sultan, Bushra A., and Loay E. George. "Color image compression based on spatial and magnitude signal decomposition." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 4069. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp4069-4081.

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<p>In this paper, a simple color image compression system has been proposed using image signal decomposition. Where, the RGB image color band is converted to the less correlated YUV color model and the pixel value (magnitude) in each band is decomposed into 2-values; most and least significant. According to the importance of the most significant value (MSV) that influenced by any simply modification happened, an adaptive lossless image compression system is proposed using bit plane (BP) slicing, delta pulse code modulation (Delta PCM), adaptive quadtree (QT) partitioning followed by an adaptive shift encoder. On the other hand, a lossy compression system is introduced to handle the least significant value (LSV), it is based on an adaptive, error bounded coding system, and it uses the DCT compression scheme. The performance of the developed compression system was analyzed and compared with those attained from the universal standard JPEG, and the results of applying the proposed system indicated its performance is comparable or better than that of the JPEG standards.</p>

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16

Ma, Shuqing. "Music Rhythm Detection Algorithm Based on Multipath Search and Cluster Analysis." Complexity 2021 (May 20, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5627626.

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Music rhythm detection and tracking is an important part of the music comprehension system and visualization system. The music signal is subjected to a short-time Fourier transform to obtain the frequency spectrum. According to the perception characteristics of the human auditory system, the spectrum amplitude is logarithmically processed, and the endpoint intensity curve and the phase information of the peak value are output through half-wave rectification. The Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) characteristic value is extracted according to the autocorrelation characteristic of the endpoint intensity curve. This article proposes a rhythm detection algorithm based on multipath search and cluster analysis; that is, based on the clustering algorithm, it absorbs the idea of multipath tracking and proposes its own detection and tracking algorithm. It overcomes the weakness of the clustering algorithm that needs to use Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) auxiliary input to achieve the desired effect. This algorithm completely uses the PCM signal as the input, which is more robust than the clustering algorithm. The whole process is carried out in the time domain, and the amount of calculation is much smaller than the frequency domain calculation of multipath tracking, and the linear relationship with the rhythm of the music is much better than the filter bank algorithm. This algorithm can successfully detect the rhythm of the music with a strong sense of rhythm and can track the specific position of the rhythm point.

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17

Norem, H., T. Kvisterøy, and B. D. Evensen. "Measurement of Avalanche Speeds and Forces: Instrumentation and Preliminary Results of the Ryggfonn Project." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-19-22.

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The Ryggfonn project is a Full scale experiment carried out to investigate the impact of avalanches on structures and the effects of a retaining dam in the avalanche path. The vertical drop of the avalanche path is 910 m and the volume of the avalanches is 20 - 100 000 m3.The experimental set-up consists of: a 15 m high retaining dam in the runout zone, instrumented with strain gauges on a 6.5 m steel mast and a load cell on a 1.0 m mast, plus a 4.5 m high concrete structure instrumented with three 0.72 m2 load cells, and three transmission line conductors strung across the avalanche path. The recorded analogue signals are digitized using Pulse-Code-Modulation (PCM) and recorded on a magnetic tape recorder.Up to May 1984, speed data from five avalanches have been analysed, and impact pressures have been recorded from three of them. The maximum speeds vary between 38 m/s and 60 m/s. The maximum recorded impact pressure was 541 kPa, and averaged 220 kPa over a 15 second interval. A maximum pressure of 83 kPa was measured on a load cell buried under snow at the base of the concrete structure.

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Norem, H., T. Kvisterøy, and B. D. Evensen. "Measurement of Avalanche Speeds and Forces: Instrumentation and Preliminary Results of the Ryggfonn Project." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009915.

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The Ryggfonn project is a Full scale experiment carried out to investigate the impact of avalanches on structures and the effects of a retaining dam in the avalanche path. The vertical drop of the avalanche path is 910 m and the volume of the avalanches is 20 - 100 000 m3.The experimental set-up consists of: a 15 m high retaining dam in the runout zone, instrumented with strain gauges on a 6.5 m steel mast and a load cell on a 1.0 m mast, plus a 4.5 m high concrete structure instrumented with three 0.72 m2load cells, and three transmission line conductors strung across the avalanche path. The recorded analogue signals are digitized using Pulse-Code-Modulation (PCM) and recorded on a magnetic tape recorder.Up to May 1984, speed data from five avalanches have been analysed, and impact pressures have been recorded from three of them. The maximum speeds vary between 38 m/s and 60 m/s. The maximum recorded impact pressure was 541 kPa, and averaged 220 kPa over a 15 second interval. A maximum pressure of 83 kPa was measured on a load cell buried under snow at the base of the concrete structure.

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19

Sulaeman, Enceng, Ashari Ashari, Griffani Megiyanto Rahmatullah, and Rifa Hanifatunnisa. "Pembangkitan Sinyal Pulse Code Modulation Berbasis OMAP-L318." JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v5.i2.2020.215-220.

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20

O'Reilly, J. J., and Wang Yichao. "Line code design for digital pulse-position modulation." IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Processing 132, no. 6 (1985): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1985.0084.

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21

Fu, Gang, Yan Jun Wu, and Yue Feng. "Research on Demodulation of Pulse Code Modulated Signal Based on Instantaneous Frequency Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3997–4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3997.

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According instantaneous frequency measurement theory, we propose a new PCM / FM telemetry signal demodulation method. This paper introduces the basic principles of this demodulation method and implementation process, the influence of instantaneous frequency measurement accuracy and the impact of factors on the Doppler frequency demodulation performance is proposed to improve the accuracy and instantaneous frequency measurement method demodulation performance .

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22

Wang, Xuanyin. "ON HYDRAULIC MANIPULATOR CONTROL WITH GENRALIZATION PULSE CODE MODULATION." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 38, supp (2002): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2002.supp.203.

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23

Bessonov, Yu L., A. Kh Zabrodskiĭ, V. P. Konyaev, V. N. Luk'yanov, S. A. Pashko, V. V. Os'kina, N. V. Shelkov, S. D. Yakubovich, and S. V. Yastrebov. "Direct pulse-code modulation of high-power heterolaser radiation." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 20, no. 10 (October 31, 1990): 1295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1990v020n10abeh007472.

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24

Tomar, Geetam Singh, and Marcus L. George. "Hardware Implementation of Pulse Code Modulation Speech Compression Algorithm." Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmscahs.2012.06.02.

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25

Uddin, Shahnawaz, Iffat Ansari, and Sameena Naaz. "Low Bit Rate Speech Coding Using Differential Pulse Code Modulation." Advances in Research 8, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2016/30234.

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26

Noh, Jinho, Dongjun Lee, Jun-Gi Jo, and Changsik Yoo. "A Class-D Amplifier With Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) Digital Input for Digital Hearing Aid." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 48, no. 2 (February 2013): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2012.2224731.

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27

Khazraei, Simin, Mohammad Reza Pakravan, and Mohammad Amin Shoaie. "Efficient modulation technique for optical code division multiple access networks: differential pulse position modulation." IET Optoelectronics 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2013.0076.

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28

Dong In Kim. "Combined binary pulse position modulation/biorthogonal modulation for direct-sequence code division multiple access." IEEE Transactions on Communications 47, no. 1 (1999): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.747809.

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29

Yang, Eunjung, Heeyoung Lee, and Junho Song. "Maximum Likelihood Based Doppler Estimation and Target Detection with Pulse Code Modulated Waveform." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 25, no. 12 (December 31, 2014): 1275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.12.1275.

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30

Chen, Der Chin, and Jing Yuan Su. "Near-Infrared Electro-Optics Modulation Coding Technology Using the Aperture Module with the Changeable Stop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2872.

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In this paper we demonstrate a new technology in which we use the spatial optical modulation with trigger pulse width and pulse width modulation of light source (LED,LD) to build the near-infrared electro-optics modulation coding system (NIEOMCS). Using the optical coupler to let the pulse modulation near infrared LED collimated light of transmitter enter into an optical fiber and spatial optical modulator, the electro-optics modulation signal is then detected by the photodiode of the receiver. Because of aperture module with three changeable stop sizes and three duty cycles of light signal, there are 27 kinds of code modes in this system. When the receiver aperture is smaller than the correlation length of fading and the observation interval is shorter than the correlation time of fading, the modulation code error rate of the modulation system occurring is less than 0.2%.

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Wang, Xuanyin. "RESEARCH ON THE HYDRAULIC SERVO CONTROL WITH GENERALIZED PULSE CODE MODULATION." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 36, no. 12 (2000): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2000.12.014.

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32

Xiang Jingsong, 向劲松, 吴涛 Wu Tao, 黄胜 Huang Sheng, and 刘焕淋 Liu Huanlin. "Slot Synchronization Aided by Serial Concatenated Pulse Position Modulation Code System." Acta Optica Sinica 36, no. 8 (2016): 0806006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201636.0806006.

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33

Tomar, Rime Raj Singh, and Kapil Jain. "Lossless Image Compression using Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Its purpose." International Journal of Smart Business and Technology 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsbt.2015.3.1.02.

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George, Marcus L., and Geetam Singh Tomar. "Hardware Implementation of Adaptive-Differential Pulse Code Modulation Speech Compression Algorithm." International Journal of Smart Device and Appliance 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsda.2014.2.2.01.

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35

Wu, Yung-Gi. "Differential pulse code modulation predictor design procedure using a genetic algorithm." Optical Engineering 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1572889.

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36

Tomar, Rime Raj Singh, and Kapil Jain. "Lossless Image Compression using Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Its Purpose." International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2015): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsip.2015.8.9.26.

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Tomar, Rime Raj Singh, and Kapil Jain. "Lossless Image Compression Using Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Its Application." International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsip.2016.9.1.18.

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38

Daut, David G. "Double predictor differential pulse code modulation algorithm for image data compression." Optical Engineering 32, no. 7 (1993): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.138573.

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39

Zhenming, Gao. "A matched filter using charge coupled device for pulse-code modulation." Journal of Electronics (China) 2, no. 3 (July 1985): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02783098.

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40

Zaki, Fayez. "Sequentially Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Using Adaptive LSP Filters.(Dept.E)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 16, no. 2 (August 8, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.187940.

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41

Wei, Chuan Ting, Quan Li Ning, and Dong Chen. "Research on Multi-Fuze Co-Channel Interference Suppression Based on Pseudorandom Code Phase Modulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.190.

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This paper introduces the working principle of the pseudorandom code phase modulation pulse, analyzes the theoretical foundation of multi-fuze co-channel interference suppression achieved by phase modulation of the signals through pseudorandom coding, and through the calculation and analysis of simulation, verifies the feasibility of the multi-fuze co-channel interference suppression based on pseudorandom code phase modulation.

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42

Abbas, Huda Saleh, Mark A. Gregory, and Michael W. Austin. "A New Prime Code for Synchronous Optical Code Division Multiple-Access Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3192520.

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A new spreading code based on a prime code for synchronous optical code-division multiple-access networks that can be used in monitoring applications has been proposed. The new code is referred to as “extended grouped new modified prime code.” This new code has the ability to support more terminal devices than other prime codes. In addition, it patches subsequences with “0s” leading to lower power consumption. The proposed code has an improved cross-correlation resulting in enhanced BER performance. The code construction and parameters are provided. The operating performance, using incoherent on-off keying modulation and incoherent pulse position modulation systems, has been analyzed. The performance of the code was compared with other prime codes. The results demonstrate an improved performance, and a BER floor of 10−9 was achieved.

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Kwang Soon Kim, D. M. Marom, L. B. Milstein, and Y. Fainman. "Hybrid pulse position modulation/ultrashort light pulse code-division multiple-access systems-part I: fundamental analysis." IEEE Transactions on Communications 50, no. 12 (December 2002): 2018–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2002.806501.

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Kord, Reem, Heba Afify, and Manal Abdel Wahed. "Towards Improved Lossless Compression for Mammogram Images using Differential Pulse Code Modulation." Current Medical Imaging Reviews 14, no. 6 (October 31, 2018): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405614666180530081826.

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Zhang, Lu, Xiaodan Pang, Oskars Ozolins, Aleksejs Udalcovs, Richard Schatz, Urban Westergren, Gunnar Jacobsen, et al. "Digital mobile fronthaul employing differential pulse code modulation with suppressed quantization noise." Optics Express 25, no. 25 (December 7, 2017): 31921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.031921.

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Nah, Jihah, and Jongweon Kim. "Raw Data Recovery from Pulse Code Modulation Pieces in the BitTorrent Environment." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2014): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2014.9.5.24.

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Norris, J. F., and D. F. Lovely. "Real-time compression of myoelectric data utilising adaptive differential pulse code modulation." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 33, no. 5 (September 1995): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02510779.

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BAI, ZHIQUAN, SHAOYI XU, WEIHUA ZHANG, and KYUNGSUP KWAK. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL M-ARY CODE SELECTED DS-BPAM UWB COMMUNICATION SYSTEM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 03 (June 2006): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003155.

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A novel M-ary direct sequence ultra wideband (UWB) communication system based on the selection of the direct sequence code is studied in this paper. The proposed M-ary code selected direct sequence bipolar pulse amplitude modulation scheme can achieve high bit rate without increasing the system bandwidth or changing the pulse shape. With the increase of the modulation level M, the system bit error rate will be improved even at lower signal to noise ratio per bit. The exact bit error probability is derived over the AWGN channel and correlation receivers. Both Monte-Carlo simulation and the theoretical analysis prove the efficiency of this M-ary UWB system.

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Liu, Yang, and Guoan Zhang. "Research on Modulations of Wireless Optical Communication System Based on RS Code under Weak Turbulence Atmosphere Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4945.

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The free space optical (FSO) system model is analyzed based on on-off keying (OOK), pulse position modulation (PPM), differential pulse position modulation (DPPM) and digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) under the weak turbulence atmosphere. To improve the system performance, one effective way is to use forward error correction (FEC).The bit error rate (BER) calculating formula of uncoded system is derived under all above the modulations firstly, then as a benchmark, under the case of independent with identical distribution, the average bit error rates of RS coded system are derived, respectively. Simulations of the average bit error rate performance of these systems are done. Simulation results show that, PPM has the best bit error rate performance, RS coded is efficient to get the code gain and to improve jamming-rejection capability of system.

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Ahmed, Ali H., and Loay E. George. "Color Image Compression Based on Wavelet, Differential Pulse Code Modulation and Quadtree Coding." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.14.3992.

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