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Books on the topic 'Pulse motors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Carrier, J. L. C. The dual-interrupted-thrust pulse motor. New York: AIAA, 1986.

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2

Smoot, Melissa C. An analysis of noise reduction in variable reluctance motors using pulse position randomization. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994.

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3

Robert, Adams. The Adams pulsed motor generator manual. Mapleton, Queensland: Nexus New Times Magazine, 1993.

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4

Robert, Adams. The Adams pulsed motor generator manual. Mapleton, Queensland: Nexus New Times Magazine, 1993.

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5

Wysner, John. -- Every purse and purpose: General Motors and the automotive business. Davisburg, Mich: Wilderness Adventure Books, 1994.

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6

Garsiosios Lietuvos moterys: XIV-XX a. pirmoji puse. Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 2007.

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7

There's a green plastic monkey in my purse: And other ways motherhood changes us. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Discovery House Publishers, 2013.

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8

Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0001.

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An overview of permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors and the related control system are presented in this chapter as introductory materials for the rest of the book. The interconnections of the control system to the power electronic inverter and the motor are emphasized. In addition, the major parts of the system are overviewed. Pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter, as the most commonly used power converter in PMS motor drives, is briefly discussed. PMS motors configurations and operating principles are also presented after considering characteristics of permanent magnet materials. Major PMS motor control methods including vector control, direct torque control, predictive control, deadbeat control, and combined vector and direct torque control are briefly reviewed. Finally, several rotor position and speed estimation schemes, and offline and online parameter estimation methods are overviewed.

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9

Primedia. PULSE: Motor Vehicle Collisions (Pulse). Delmar Learning, 2001.

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10

Hanajima, Ritsuko, and Yoshikazu Ugawa. Paired-pulse measures. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0011.

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This article reviews the physiology and application of the currently available paired-pulse protocols. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques study the modulation of human motor cortical excitability. Paired-pulse experiments are designed to give insight into the nature of the cortical circuitry activated by TMS. Changes in motor cortical excitability produced by the conditioning pulse are estimated by changes in the size of the conditioned motor-evoked potential (MEP). It is possible to identify specific abnormalities in the balance between inhibitory and facilitatory processes, even if the pathology lies in abnormal afferent signalling to the motor cortex rather than in the motor cortex itself. The conclusion that emerges from the studies on interhemispheric interactions is that it is now possible by means of TMS protocols to chart long-range functional interhemispheric connectivity of remote areas of the human brain.

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11

Classen, Joseph, and Katja Stefan. Changes in TMS Measures induced by repetitive TMS. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0016.

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This article reviews several protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-induced plasticity. rTMS, when applied to the motor cortex or other cortical regions of the brain, may induce effects that outlast the stimulation period. The neural plasticity, which emerges as a result of such interventions, has been studied to gain insight into plasticity mechanisms of the brain. In two protocols the structure of rTMS trains is modified, informed by the knowledge of the physiological properties of the corticospinal system. Pulse configuration, stimulus frequency, stimulus intensity, the duration of the application period, and the total number of stimuli are some variables that have to be taken into account when reviewing the physiological effects of rTMS. This article also introduces the concept of patterned rTMS pulses and rTMS with ischemic nerve block. In addition, rTMS has raised considerable interest because of its therapeutic potential; however, much needs to be done in this field.

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12

Rossitto, Vincent S. Pulse width modulator controller design for a brushless dc motor position servo. 1987.

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13

Buetefisch, Cathrin M., and Leonardo G. Cohen. Use-dependent changes in TMS measures. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0018.

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Adult brains maintain the ability to reorganize throughout life. Cortical reorganization or plasticity includes modification of synaptic efficacy as well as neuronal networks that carry behavioural implications. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows for the study of primary motor cortex reorganization in humans. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes change in response to practice. This article gives information about the effect of practice on TMS measures such as motor-evoked potential amplitudes, motor maps, paired-pulse measures, and behavioural measures. These changes may be accompanied by down-regulation of activity in nearby body part representations within the same hemisphere and in homonymous regions of the opposite hemisphere, mediated by interhemispheric interactions. There is evidence pointing towards the influence of practice on a distributed network of cortical representations within regions of cerebral hemispheres. This has lead to the formulation of intervention strategies to enhance the training effects by cortical or somatosensory stimulation in health and disease.

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14

Wolters, Alexander, Ulf Ziemann, and Reiner Benecke. The cortical silent period. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0010.

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The cortical silent period (cSP) refers to an interruption of voluntary muscle contraction by transcranial stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex. This article summarizes the physiology of cSP and gives guidelines as to how the cSP should be recorded and analysed, and refers to useful clinical applications. It describes the mechanisms at the spinal and supraspinal level can account for the cSP. It is currently thought that the cSP is mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. cSP measurements are easy to obtain but require a standardized protocol to allow useful interpretation. Conditioning electrical stimulation of cutaneous nerves shortens the cSP. A conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation pulse also affects cSP duration. The cSP duration is influenced by pathological conditions. cSP is an attractive probe to assess motor cortical inhibition in health and disease.

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15

Gilbert, Donald L. Design and analysis of motor-evoked potential data in pediatric neurobehavioral disorder investigations. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0025.

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This article discusses how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to study the pathophysiological substrata of pediatric neurological and neurobehavioural disorders and to provide practical guidance for future research. It outlines the substantial challenges inherent in studying in vivo the neurobiology of pediatric neurobehavioural disorders, such as safety, quantitative versus categorical measures, and challenges in correlational studies. It discusses ways in which TMS generates quantitative measures that may function as endophenotypes for neurobehavioural disorders. Combining TMS with other modalities may also be informative. Single- and paired-pulse TMS is safe and well tolerated in children. The application of rigorous experimental designs and a combination of TMS with other research methods may increase the knowledge of pathophysiology and treatment of pediatric neurobehavioural disorders.

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16

Mills, Kerry R. Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0014.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been exploited to advance knowledge of corticospinal physiology and, in a number of conditions, to aid diagnosis and quantify corticospinal abnormalities. The basic physics of magnetic stimulation is described along with the effects of stimulating coils with different dimensions and shape. The effects of single TMS pulses over motor cortex to cause a descending volley of D and I waves, and their effects on spinal motor neurons resulting in a motor evoked potential (MEP) are described. Guidelines for the safe use of TMS are given. Methods to estimate useful clinical measures of corticospinal function, such as threshold, MEP amplitude, central motor conduction time, silent period and input:output relation are given, as is the means to quantify corticospinal conduction using the triple stimulation technique. The clinical utility of TMS in neurodegenerations, central demyelinating diseases, stroke, spinal cord disease, movement disorders, and functional disorders is discussed.

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17

K, Sood Pradeep, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Study of the generator/motor operation of induction machines in a high frequency link space power system. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin, [Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1987.

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18

Berardelli, Alfredo, and Mark Hallett. TMS in movement disorders. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0021.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied to study patients with movement disorders. This article reviews the findings of such applications in patients with Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Huntington's disease, Tourette's syndrome, and essential tremor. The findings related to Parkinson's disease are characterized by a shortening of the cortical silence period (cSP), a reduction of short intracortical inhibition, an increase in the long-lasting intracortical inhibition, and a reduction of the normal motor evoked potential facilitation after single and repetitive TMS stimuli. Studies with paired-pulse TMS have provided controversial information on cortical motor excitability in Huntington's disease. The findings in dystonia include: a reduction of the short intracortical inhibition and a shortening of the cSP. In Tourette's syndrome patients, the cSP is short and intracortical inhibition is decreased. Patients with essential tremor have normal corticospinal conduction, normal duration of the cSP, and normal intracortical inhibition. Such application of TMS has produced enormous data and continues to do so.

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19

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal. TMS and pain. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0046.

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Few clinical investigations show that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the brain could produce analgesia. Apart from the relationship between TMS and pain with respect to the clinical observation of rTMS-induced analgesic effects, this article also reviews the effects of pain on motor cortex excitability assessed by single or paired-pulse TMS and the results obtained by applying peripheral magnetic stimulation to treat musculoskeletal pain. This article discusses the effects of acute phasic provoked pain, and prolonged tonic provoked pain on motor cortex excitability. The analgesic effects resulting from a single session of rTMS are too short-lived and thereby incompatible with a durable control of chronic pain. Repeated sessions of rTMS on consecutive days produce cumulative effects. However, repeated daily rTMS sessions can be applied to control pain syndromes for a limited period. Further work is needed to define the ultimate clinical role of TMS in the management of pain.

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20

Chiravuri, Srinivas. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy—Meralgia Paresthetica. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0014.

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Meralgia paresthetica is characterized by anterolateral thigh pain, paresthesia, or dysesthesia without motor weakness. This is due to idiopathic or iatrogenic injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN, dorsal rami of L2-L3). Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, and external compression near the inguinal ligament’s attachment to the anterior superior iliac spine. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and electrodiagnostic studies. Initial management includes behavioral modification, physical therapy, and pharmacotherapy. More invasive treatment modalities include LFCN infiltration, pulsed radiofrequency, direct nerve stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation. Ultrasound-guided neurectomy is also an effective way to localize the nerve structure and ensure complete nerve transection.

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21

Moore, Michael R., and Ehab Farag. Unstable Cervical Spine and Airway Management. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0012.

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In patients with cervical myelopathy, the spinal cord is already compromised to a point at which there is little reserve for surgical maneuvers and the slightest adverse action can result in dramatic consequences. Awake fiberoptic intubation and neurological assessment before induction of anesthesia could be the safest way to avoid waking up the patient before proceeding with surgery in the case of absent motor evoke potentials (MEPs) in spite of increasing the stimulating voltage together with increasing the rate of stimulating pulses. Hypotension is an additional factor, which may lead to irreversible neurologic deficit in a partially compressed but functionally intact spinal cord. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring for cervical myelopathy should include somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial electric MEPs, and electromyography to provide complementary information and monitor different spinal cord tracts and individual nerve roots.

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22

Ad'Doweesh, Khaled E. A microprocessor based PWM inverter drive incorporating a three-phase induction motor: A power transistor inverter drive is designed in which the firing logic utilises a Motorola 68000 microprocessor system to construct regular sampled, pulse width modulated voltage wave forms. Bradford, 1986.

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