Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pulvérisation cathodique en continu'
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Yang, Liu. "Caractérisation de couches minces de ZnO élaborées par la pulvérisation cathodique en continu." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919764.
Full textDésécures, Mikaël. "Mise au point de la fluorescence induite par diode laser résolue en temps : application à l'étude du transport des atomes de tungstène pulvérisés en procédé magnétron continu ou pulsé haute puissance." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0137/document.
Full textMagnetron sputter deposition is an established and widely used method for the growth of thin films. Nevertheless, the high level of expectations regarding new applications require a better understanding, controlling, mastering of basic processes governing atoms transport in the view of process optimization. This work consist in the study of transport of sputtered W atoms in direct current and high power impulse magnetron discharges (DC and HiPIMS). A tunable diode laser induced fluorescence technique (TD-LIF) has been developed, in order to measure W sputtered atom velocity distribution function. Measurements were calibrated using laser absorption and were corroborated by deposition rate. In DC, the study of the influence of discharge parameters (power, voltage, Ar/He gas mixture, and distance from target, etc.) highlighted spatial evolution of different regimes of transport: ballistic (energetic atoms), diffusive (thermalized atoms), and mixed (ballistic + diffusive). In HiPIMS, pulsed plasma required to develop a time resolved TD-LIF technique (TR-TDLIF). The additional degree of freedom, given by time dimension allowed for a better understanding of mixed transport which represents the most complicated situation. This technique allowed to measure the kinetic of sputtered W atoms while at the same time providing the possibility to separate characteristic time scales of different processes
JIANG, Yan Mei. "Pulvérisation cathodique assistée par ordinateur." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002739.
Full textJiang, Yan-mei. "Pulvérisation cathodique assistée par ordiateur." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112376.
Full textChatelon, Jean-Pierre. "Couches minces magnétiques élaborées par pulvérisation cathodique RF." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788464.
Full textChappé, Jean-Marie. "Couches minces d'oxynitrures de titane par pulvérisation cathodique réactive." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2028.
Full textPiscitelli, David. "Simulation de la pulvérisation cathodique dans les écrans à plasma." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30184.
Full textEhouarne, Loeizig. "Métallisation des mémoires Flash à base de NiSi et d’éléments d’alliage." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30027.
Full textThe aim of this study is to characterize the Pt influence on the formation of nickel silicides in the salicide process and especially on the low resistivity phase NiSi, that is believed to become the next silicide used as contacting material on source and drain region in flash memory transistors. We thus studied the nature, the sequence and the kinetics of the formed phases on various systems: firstly on the Ni1-xPtx/Si(100) (0% ≤ x ≤ 30%), and more especially on the Ni(13%Pt)/Si(100) system that presents very interesting properties for microelectronic devices. Two types of deposition techniques have been used and compared: layers deposited using a single Ni(13%Pt) alloyed target and co-deposited using two separated targets. Several in-situ characterization technique were coupled (x-ray diffraction and reflectivity, 4-points probe sheet resistance) in order to understand the mechanisms involved in this system. In particular, in-situ x-ray reflectivity experiments were performed using the synchrotron radiation (ESRF) and analyzed using the fast Fourier transform; these experiments show original results: the phase sequence is modified for the Ni(13%Pt). Finally, sheet resistance measurements have been performed on narrow lines to show the advantages and the limitations of this system
Jouanny, Isabelle. "Etude de carbures, nitrures et carbonitrures de fer élaborés par pulvérisation de fer élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL095N/document.
Full textThree nitrogen-rich new cubic phases were recently discovered in the Fe-N system. As the Fe?N and Fe-C systems have joint structures, it can be considered the formation of new structures in the Fe-N-C system. These three systems are explored by preparing, in a large field of composition, coatings by sputtering. The coatings were characterized structurally and chemically with the help of XEDS, SNMS, Castaing probe, XRD, TEM, EELS and SEM. The carbon-rich Fe-C coatings possess a nanocomposite structure. The nitrogen-rich Fe-N coatings rich are mixtures of the cubic ?'' and ?''' phases and of a no-referenced phase, called X. Carbon addition involves the disappearance of these phases to the profit of the Fe2(N,C) phases. The ?'' and ?''' nitrides were isolated, which made it possible to determine the structure of ?''', together with the characterization of their microstructure, the influence of oxygen … A cubic ?'''-Fe(N,C) carbonitride was highlighted
Maréchal, Nadine. "Revêtements autolubrifiants déposés par pulvérisation cathodique pour applications à hautes températures." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0151.
Full textCaburet, Philippe. "Caractérisation de couches minces d'oxydes obtenues par pulvérisation cathodique radiofréquence magnétron." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30056.
Full textValbin, Laurie. "Elaboration de couches minces de nitrure d'aluminium par pulvérisation cathodique pour la réalisation de micro-transducteurs ultrasonores." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077177.
Full textAbdullber, Fakhouri Houssam. "Thin film deposition of pure and doped TiO2 by RF magnetron sputtering for visible light photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066343.
Full textThree different ways to dope nitrogen into TiO2 by means of RF reactive sputtering was compared, and the structural, optical, and photo-active performance of these materials were explored. First, multi-layered thin films of TiO2 and TiN were prepared by sputtering a titanium target and alternating oxygen and nitrogen reactive gases in the deposition chamber. The total thickness of each multi stack was kept constant while the overall composition of the films (TiN to TiO2 ratio) was varied between 5% and 30% and the number of TiN/TiO2 bi-layers was increased from 9 to 45. Secondly, we prepared N-TiO2 by introducing oxygen and nitrogen reactive gases simultaneously during the depositions. The ratio of oxygen to nitrogen was systematically changed in order to control the concentration of nitrogen incorporation into the films between 0% and 6%. Finally, we prepared TiN thin films and oxidized them at different temperatures and for several time intervals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that nitrogen was successfully doped into all of the TiO2 films in substitutional and/or interstitial sites depending on the deposition conditions. The variance in the concentration and position of the nitrogen doping had a significant effect on the optical, structural and photoactive properties of the three types of N-TiO2 films. The parameters of sputtering deposition were optimized using both plasma diagnostics and Design of Experiments. This study has shown the desirable ability to control several important physical and chemical characteristics of N-TiO2 films, with considerable promise for many applications
Dolique, Vincent. "Elaboration et caractérisation structurale de films minces et revêtements de TI[indice 2]AIN." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2254.
Full textThe objectives of this work are the synthesis of coatings and thin films of Ti2AlN (Hägg phase or 211 MAX phase). These ternary alloys combine the best properties of ceramics and metals. Three experimental approaches were used to synthesize this material. At first, we deposit TiAl/TiN multilayers by using ion-beam sputtering. After an annealing at 600°C, we evidenced the formation of (Ti,Al)N/Ti2AlN superlattices. Structural and chemical characterizations (XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EELS and XPS) have shown that the nitrogen introduced in the TiAl layers during deposition is responsible of the MAX phase formation after annealing. Aluminium atoms in excess diffuse towards the TiN Layers. In the next approach, we performed Ti2AlN coatings onto bulk or thin films TiAl alloys by high temperature plasma nitridation. We have shown that this process leads to Ti2AlN polycristalline coatings which grain size is limited by diffusion processes. At least, we performed epitaxial TiN thin films deposition onto MgO substrates by reactive cathodic magnetron sputtering. The same experimental technique was then used to search for the set of experimental parameters allowing for Ti2AlN synthesis. For the experimental set of parameters probed to date, only the cubic phases (Ti,Al)N and Ti3AlN have been observed. It seems therefore that, due to its low kinetic of growth, the windows of variations of the deposition parameters to be used for nucleation and growth of the MAX phase are quite narrow
Gautier, Julien. "Etude et élaboration de revêtements multicouches pour l'optique extrême UV dans la gamme spectrale 30-50 NM." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112299.
Full textThe development of new multilayer interferential coatings is justified by the request of solar astrophysics and the development of new EUV sources (High harmonics generation, laser X, synchrotron radiation). We have studied and developed various multilayer systems with optimized optical properties (reflectivity and/or band-width) and good temporal and thermal stability for wavelengths ranging from 30 nm to 50 nm. Multilayer for the harmonic selection were optimized and used for the realization of an EUV interferometer. A significant increase in the reflectivity of multilayer in the spectral range from 30 nm to 40 nm was obtained by the addition of a third material in the stack. A comparative study of theoretical and experimental reflectivity curves versus the wavelength was made. The differences observed have been explained by using the analysis of the physical properties of various materials in thin layer. We have also shown that the use of these three component multilayers allows the development of stack for specific requests (broadband mirrors, dual band mirrors). For wavelengths ranging from 35 nm to 50 nm we have developed Sc/Si multilayers. Multilayers with high reflectivity and good temporal stability have been achieved. We have improved the stability of these stacks by using interfacial barrier layers
Chuon, Sotheara. "Simulation numérique multi-échelles du procédé de dépôt par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3031.
Full textCathodic magnetron sputtering is a low pressure plasma process, very employed for the synthesis of coatings by industries. Numerous researches have been focused on understanding the phenomena involved in sputtering mechanism to improve the process. Numerical simulations associated with experimental results allow today a better understanding of the plasma discharge phenomena and thus to predict evolutions of the system in order to optimize the operating conditions of the process.The goal of this thesis is to build a multiscale model of magnetron sputtering process by coupling fluid approach with microscopic approach based on Molecular Dynamics (MD).The first part studies the solving of the fluid model of a DC planar magnetron discharge from the theoretical model of Costin, in order to determine the input parameters for the molecular dynamics simulations.The results of the magnetic field and the electric potential are in good agreement with those presented by Costin. Nevertheless, the calculation of the particle transport showed limitations.The second part is interested in the sputtering of titanium (Ti) by argon ions (Ar+) for three considered energies (200, 300 and 400 eV) in neutral atmosphere and in reactive atmosphere, also by mimicking hot targets (1000 and 2000 K) by MD simulations and by combining with Monte Carlo simulations.The obtained results thus allowed the determination of titanium sputtering yields and argon retention rates
Bordes, Jean-Michel. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de revêtements aluminium-magnésium élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2067.
Full textZinc coatings on steel offer the benefits of good corrosion protection and adaptation to current industrial forming and painting techniques. Nevertheless, there is a strong need for the substitution of conventional Zinc layers due to the non favourable properties encountered in the manufacturing of zinc coated steel and the need for thickness reduction because of environmental considerations. In this work, in a first time, calculations of sputtering yields and depth of origin of sputtered atoms have been performed for Al and Mg target materials since literature provides few data on these materials in the PVD processes energy range. We estimated sputtering yields and depth of origin of sputtered atoms from our experimental results or directly from empirical relations and computer simulations with the use of the computer program Transport of Ions in Matter code (TRIM. SP). Our results allowed us to explain, among other things, the Mg resputtering phenomena who appears on Al-Mg alloys coatings surfaces when a strong bias voltage is set to the substrates. In a second time, we developed a suitable alternative for conventional zinc coatings. New multifunctional coatings based on pure Al and Mg metals and their binary alloys were deposited on glass and steel substrates by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process : balanced magnetron sputtering with the use of circular planar targets composed of sequential sectors of Al and Mg. Our study showed that the peak in performance observed in the 3% sodium chloride solution for the sputtered deposits containing approximately 15-25wt% Mg represented an optimum balance being attained between the barrier and sacrificial properties of the Al-Mg alloy coatings. Moreover, this composition range presented better properties in terms of hardness, low friction coefficients and dense structure
Le, Rhun Gwénaël. "Elaboration par pulvérisation cathodique et caractérisations électriques de films minces de PZT." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2030.
Full textVacandio, Florence. "Comportement électochimique de revêtements de nitrure d'aluminium élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique réactive." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11007.
Full textGuilbaud, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude de la métallisation des isolants par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0172.
Full textCacucci, Arnaud. "Croissance de multicouches périodiques métal/oxyde : relation structure / comportement électrique dans les systèmes à base de titane et de tungstène." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS003/document.
Full textPeriodic multilayers have found many applications in the fields of optics, mechanics or electronics. However, few studies focus on the electrical responses of the metal/oxide periodic structures versus temperature. The interest of this work was focused on the characterization of the multilayers and their electrical properties versus temperature. In TiO/Ti/TiO/TiO2 and WO/W/WO/WO3 systems produced by the reactive gas pulsing process, sample structures were established by transmission electron microscopy for sublayers thicknesses between 1.3 and 50.8 nm. Then, this study highlights a modification of conventional electrical behavior versus temperature. An empirical relationship was established between the electrical resistivity variation and the metal/oxide periodic multilayer structures. The correlation between the operating conditions and the produced structure allows predicting the resistivity of these metal/oxide multilayer structures. Finally, this manuscript paves the way to a new periodic nanostructuration with the combined use of glancing angle deposition and gas reactive pulsing process to produce the first films composed by inclined columns and periodic metal/oxide alternations
Ohannessian, Laura. "Analyses des surfaces par spectrométrie à décharge luminescente : zone cathodique et rendement de pulvérisation." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10001.
Full textNougaret, Laurianne. "Eboration et caractérisation de couches minces pyroélectriques de LiTaO3 par pulvérisation cathodique RF magnetron pour des apllications détecteurs IR : application aux capteurs environnementaux." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20092.
Full textTernon, Céline. "Nanostructures luminescentes à base de silice et de silicium : de l'élaboration par pulvérisation magnétron réactive à la modélisation de la photoluminescence." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2057.
Full textDurand-Drouhin, Olivier. "Etude microstructurale de couches minces de carbone amorphe azotées déposées par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron radio fréquence et PECVD-ECR." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0002.
Full textMohamed, Salem Ould Mohamed. "Etude fondamentale et adaptation à la pulvérisation cathodique d'un réacteur à plasma radiofréquence." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3020.
Full textMoussaoui, Hatim. "Etude et élaboration de dépôts à base de chrome par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0011.
Full textVélu, Gabriel. "Croissance par pulvérisation cathodique et caractérisations électriques de couches minces ferroélectriques de PZT." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4fb5ae42-a8e7-4208-aed5-4483bdcca32d.
Full textLacroix, Etienne. "Elaboration de couches minces d'hexaferrite par pulvérisation cathodique pour application en magnéto-optique." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10140.
Full textNazon, Julien. "Couches minces à base de nitrure de tantale multicouches pour barrières de diffusion." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20168.
Full textWith the increase of the integration density and shrinkage of the interconnection design rules, new metallization scheme using copper has been suggested as a suitable candidate for metallization material in recent years. However, the major problem posed by Cu metallization is its high diffusivity in silicon and dielectrics used in ICs under the high temperatures encountered in device fabrication. That is the reason why the use of tantalum nitride films as diffusion barrier materials has received considerable interest in recent years because of their inherent properties. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of multilayer tantalum nitride based materials as diffusion barriers. TaN single layer and multilayer barriers were deposited onto silicon substrates by radio-frequency (r. F. ) sputtering. The diffusion of Cu through TaN-based thin layers into Si substrate has been studied. The barrier efficiency of multilayers of 150 nm in thickness has been investigated and is compared with that of TaN single layer. First, the effects of processing parameters on the properties of tantalum nitride thin films deposited by reactive sputtering have been investigated. Then, the thermal stability of TaN-based thin films as diffusion barriers by annealing under vacuum in the temperature range of 500 to 700°C. Last, the efficiency of these TaN-based thin layers against Cu diffusion is determined from in-situ experiments
Gonçalves, Cristina. "Etude de couches minces de silicium microcristallin hydrogénées déposées par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron radiofréquence." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0301.
Full textCosset, Françoise. "Etude et réalisation par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron de dépots anticorrosion à base de chrome." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0016.
Full textLippert, Marc. "Elaboration et caractérisation de couches minces piezoélectriques d'oxyde de zinc obtenues par pulvérisation cathodique." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6a235e1a-0eaf-4bd6-a862-aafdf1dd7913.
Full textThe study focuses on the elaboration and the characterization of thin layers of zinc oxide (ZnO) obtained by a cathodic radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. These layers are analyzed by classic characterization techniques of materials : the diffraction of rays X and the scanning electronic microscope. These thin films present two preferential orientations following the osition in the face of the target and under some conditions of deposit : a layer well textured where the c-axis is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and a layer that possesses a -axis parallel to the plan of the substrate and this orientation is (110). These films are then analyzed to determine their piezoelectric properties. Two other methods have been developed :a method of measure of the transit time of ultrasound waves generated in the transducer if the layer is piezoelectric. This method permits to determine also its vibration mode. The other ethod is devoted to the direct determination of the electromechanical coupling coefficient by the measure of the electrical impedance of this same transducer. This last method have been ested on transducers using a crystal of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) bonded by indium metallic diffusion and we have permitted to find a coupling coefficient superior to 95% of the theoretical value. Thin layers of ZnO realized, presented the particularity to generate transverse waves , with a coupling coefficient approaching 45% of the theoretical value of the massive material
Lalanne, Maëva. "Étude de phases delafossite CuFe1-xCrxO2 : vers de nouveaux TCO de type p." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1257/.
Full textThis work concerns the development of CuFe1-xCrxO2:Mg delafossite oxide thin films deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering for the potential transparent conductor applications. Various CuFe1-xCrxO2 (0 = x = 1) powders were synthesized by a standard solid-state reaction. These oxides crystallize with the delafossite structure and a complete solid solution was obtained. Thermo-structural study has revealed the stability range of CuFe1-xCrxO2 compounds under oxidizing and reducing atmosphere. Their physical properties were also characterized. Thus, we showed that the stability range increases with the chromium quantity and chromium-rich delafossites are the most conductive and the least absorbent. Then, CuFeO2:Mg and CuCrO2:Mg delafossite thin films were prepared at room temperature by RF-magnetron sputtering from ceramic targets. After annealing under vacuum at 450°C, CuFeO2:Mg thin films have too low optoelectronic properties for p-type TCO application in the visible range; however these compounds are promising for infra-red TCO applications and/or absorber for photovoltaic application. After annealing under vacuum at 450°C, the p-type conductivity and the bandgap of CuCrO2:Mg thin films are about 0,1 S. Cm-1 and 3,13 eV respectively. These values can be increased by annealing at higher temperature than 450°C
Ghamouss, Fouad. "Caractérisation de films composites à base de carbone/polymère de type sérigraphié : influence de la composition de la surface sur la réactivité électrochimique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2087.
Full textThe study of screen printed carbon/graphite electrodes in term of electrochemical reactivity was reported in this manuscript. Cyclic voltammetric study and surface characterisation by both SEM and XPS techniques demonstrated that the electrochemical performance of the electrodes has significantly found related to the electrode surface chemistry. The resulting carbon/graphite material was then successfully used as cathode for the regeneration of Grätzel solar cell. On the other hand, two modification approaches were examined to enhance the electron transfer at the screen-printed carbon electrode surface. The first approach consisted in the deposition of a thin nitride carbon film by using a reactive magnetron sputtering process, whereas in the second one we examined the effect of a series of plasma treatment on the electrochemical reactivity of the electrode surface. Both approaches were then used to improve the sensitivity of some electrochemical biosensors
Cilia, Marc. "Spectroscopie optique d'émission des décharges dans un dispositif de pulvérisation cathodique : application au contrôle de la réalisation de miroirs multicouches pour le rayonnement X et neutronique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11003.
Full textMani, Abderrahim. "Propriétés mécaniques et structurales de couches minces de TiC et TiCN déposées par pulvérisation cathodique RF." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EVRY0035.
Full textThe objective of this thesis consists in performing by reactive sputtering RF nanomaterials: TiC, TiCN single layers, Ceramic/Ceramic multilayers in order to study the microstructure, the structure, morphologic and mechanical properties of these thin films. A particular attention is devoted to TiC and TiCN thin layers because of their exceptional wear resistance and hard coatings. Thin stoechiometric films of TiC were successfully prepared by cathodic sputtering using a composed TiC target at the ambient temperature. XPS Analyses did not show a true solubility of the Ti(C, N) system as the phase diagram envisages it. So, Carbonitride TiC1-xNx of Ti did not form even by reaction under N2 gas environment implying higher thermodynamic stability of TiN than TiC. Lastly, we deposited multi-layer titanium carbonitrides by alternating hard and soft layers to obtain a reinforcement of mechanical properties. The composition modulation is confirmed even at the lowest period (L=5 nm)
Abdallah, Bassam. "Dépôt de couches minces de nitrures par pulvérisation magnétron (PVD) : étude de la structure et de la contrainte des films." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2051.
Full textThe piezoelectric, thermal, acoustic and dielectric properties of aluminium nitride AlN make it a good candidate for many applications in electronics, telecommunications or even for SAW devices. However, the problems of adhesion-related to the intrinsic stress are still too important and inhibit some industrial applications of such a thin films. We have therefore chosen to study the evolution of residual stress based on the parameters of the deposition process used, namely reactive magnetron sputtering. At first, an optimization process has helped synthesize AlN films with different crystallographic orientations, including the (0002) preferential orientation. An original method for measuring intrinsic stress coupled with structural characterizations (DRX, SEM, FTIR, Raman and AFM) has enabled us to show and offer an explanation to the evolution of stress depending on the thickness, what is not possible using Windischmann and Davis models. Then, a structural study of thin films with thickness was performed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It has demonstrated the existence of three areas: an amorphous interface with the silicon substrate, a polycrystalline area and at the top of the film an almost-monocrystalline layer. The thickness of these layers can be controlled thanks to the control of ion bombardment, ion / neutral ratio, oxygen contamination and the choose of appropriate substrate. In fact using AlN and AlGaN epilayers, we have demonstrated the epitaxial growth of AlN films at low temperature. Finally, in order to check our results related to the evolution of stress versus thickness in the AlN, the same study was conducted on another material with a hexagonal structure (ZnO) and also on materials with cubic structure as TiN and ZrN
Abdelouahdi, Karima. "Corrélation entre les propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques de couches minces W-C obtenues par pulvérisation cathodique RF en mode réactif." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EVRY0047.
Full textNanocrystallized W-C films have been produced by reactive RF sputtering, using a tungsten target and a methane gas. According to the growth conditions (patial pressure of reactive gas, substrate and target bias voltage) different phases have been observed : WC1-x, W2C, WC1-x/a-C phases and a-C:H phase. The film presenting a pure WC1-x phase with a composition close to W1C0. 9 has the maximum hardness (22 GPa). In the same conditions of the later film, W/W-C multilayers with periods ranging from 2. 5 to 100 nm have been synthesized. The presence of the W preferentially oriented (110) in the tungsten layer, favorate the presence of W2C preferentially oriented (100) at the interface between W and W-C layer. A hardness enhancement is obtained for the very thin periods (26 GPa at =2. 5nm). This behavior can be explained by the Hall-Petch mechanism. Then for WC system a very precise control of the composition (i. E of the deposition parameters) is necessary to obtain hard coatings
Besnard, Aurélien. "Relations structure-conductivité électrique dans des films de chrome architecturés." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2005.
Full textChromium thin films are deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. Operating conditions like the sputtering pressure and the temperature conditions lead to a columnar growth. The development of the original GLAD technique (GLancing Angie Deposition) is a way to control the substrate orientation compared to the incident vapour flux. As a result the columnar architecture can be tuned. Three kinds of surface. Physical properties such as density roughness and electrical resistivity are affected by the columnar architecture. The experimental deposition of the films is strongly related to the theoretical growth obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. This dual approach allows a better understanding of the growth mechanisms and the resulting properties. A theoretical model is proposed in order to predict the evolution of electrical resistivity for thin films exhibiting an inclined columnar structure
Combadière, Laurette. "Contribution à l'étude fondamentale de la pulvérisation cathodique magnétron réactive : application à la réalisation de couches minces de nitrure de titane." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0170.
Full textTranchant, Julien. "Étude de couches minces déposées par pulvérisation magnétron post-ionisée pour l'ingénierie de contraintes." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2118.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of ionized magnetron sputtering stress controlled thin films. This technique uses a secondary inductive plasma, created through a RF (13. 56 MHz) powered coil, to post-ionize the sputtered species, as shown by the optical emission spectroscopy plasma analysis. Thus, by acting on the argon pressure, on the substrate bias voltage and on the RF power applied to the coil, the ion flux and energy impinging on the substrate, and thus the film properties and microstructure, can be modified. MoCr films - MoCr is a material used for stress-engineered MEMS elaboration - were deposited by this process. Their characterization enabled to underline the relationship between synthesis conditions and film features, concerning texture, crystallite size and microstrain by XRD, concerning film composition by EDX, and concerning mechanical properties by nano-indentation (hardness and Young’s modulus, also measured by traction test coupled XRD). Residual stress in the films were estimated by the curvature and sin² methods, and the good agreement with TEM observations enabled to describe the mechanisms responsible for stress formation in these films, by underlining the relationship between synthesis conditions, microstructure, morphology and stress state. Besides, the stress control by this process was applied to the elaboration and optimization of amorphous carbon nano-channels, created by buckle delamination control of compressive films, using photolitographically patterned substrates as a template
Baraket, Mira. "Élaboration et caractérisation de revêtements nano-structurés à base de nitrure de chrome par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive : propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2049.
Full textThe present work deals with structural, mechanical and tribological characterization of nanostructured chromium nitride (CrN) based thin films for cutting tool applications. Coatings are deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering from metallic targets (Cr, Si and Ag) on static and rotating substrate holders with RF or DC bias. The influence pf plasma parameters (nitrogen partial pressure and substrate bias) on the mechanical properties of CrN is studied. In order to improve its mechanical properties, silicon is then introduced to CrN thanks to silicon coupons placed on the erosion track of Cr target or by cosputtering of Cr and Si targets; The fraction of silicon into the coatings is then increased in order to achieve the formation of NC-CrN/A-Si3N4 nanocomposite. Chemical, mechanical, tribological and structural properties are studied as a function of silicon content using GDOES, EPMA, nano and microindentation, pin on discs, scratch tests, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. Si3N4 phase is detected from 1 at. % of silicon by XPS measurements. An increase of the hardness is observed while adding silicon to CrN with two maximum at 5 and 10 at. % of silicon. The resistance to oxidation at high temperature is also studied. To improve the tribological properties of the films, silver is introduced as a solid lubricant in a multilayer structure of CrN/Ag and CrSiN/Ag in the nanoscale range. Multilayers periodicity ranges from 8 to 24 nm. The silver nanolayer and the total coating thicknesses are maintained constant at 4 nm and 2 µm respectively for all the coatings. The nitride layer thickness is the only parameter that has been modified in the multilayer coatings. The influence of the thickness of CrN and CrSiN monolayers on the mechanical and tribological properties is presented and discussed. The resistance to oxidation at high temperatures of all coatings is also examined
Buffière, Marie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de couches minces de Zn (O,S) pour application au sein des cellules solaires à base de Cu (In, Ga) Se2." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2057.
Full textThin film solar cell based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 contain a thin, chemically deposited (CBD), cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer. For environmental and industrial reasons, its replacement by a Cd-free material deposited under vacuum is among the challenges of the research community. In this work, co-sputtered (PVD)Zn(O,S) thin films have been studied as an alternative buffer layer. The properties of these layers have been compared to an optimized (CBD)Zn(O,S) reference. It is observed that the deposition technique has a strong impact on the optical and structural properties of the films for a given composition. As a result, the electrical behavior of the corresponding devices is also affected. The electrical characterization of (CBD)Zn(O,S)-buffered solar cells has shown that the absorber and the window layers properties strongly influence the performance of the cells. These progress together with the understanding of Zn(O,S) films properties makes it possible the realization of 16 % efficiency stable devices with a (CBD)Zn(O,S) buffer layer. Meanwhile, the tuning of the sulfur content has lead to the control of the conduction band offset in CIGSe/(PVD)Zn(O,S) devices and the achievement of similar Jsc than the one of (CBD)Zn(O,S)-buffered devices. Although the present structure of the (PVD)Zn(O,S) buffer layer is not suitable to obtain comparable Voc, these results offer many research perspectives in hetero-interface for a better understanding of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells
Jin, Chengfei. "Dépôts de TaNx par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron à fort taux d'ionisation de la vapeur pulvérisée." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638786.
Full textJin, Chengfei. "Dépôts de TaNx par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron à fort taux d’ionisation de la vapeur pulvérisée." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112212/document.
Full textThanks to their excellent physical and chimical characteristics such as good stability with temperature, good conductor of heat and electricity, ductility, hardness, chemical inertness and good corrosion resistance, tantalum and its nitride are used in a wide variety of applications such as wear and corrosion-resistant materials, thin film transistors, diffusion barrier for copper and for carbon nanotube grown by CCVD process (catalytically chemical vapor deposition). For some recent industrial demand, it is necessary to deposit on substrates with complex shape. The main disadvantage of the conventional magnetron sputtering (CMS) is that most of the sputtered particles are neutral. To controle the energy and the path of sputtered particles, new magnetron sputtering techniques have been developed for ionizing a significant fraction of sputtered material. A new sputtering process called RF-IPVD consists in ionizing the sputtered vapor by adding second plasma by a RF coil between the target and the substrate. Another method called HIPIMS (High Power Impulsed Magnetron Sputtering), uses high power impulse instead of DC power. During the impulse, the sputtered Ta atoms are ionized in the dense plasma. We have deposited Ta thin films by CMS, RF-IPVD and HIPIMS and TaNx thin films by CMS and HIPIMS. The objective of this thesis is to compare the properties of discharges and thin films deposited by these different techniques
Rafai, Mounir. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des films de Pt, Pd, Ni et Au déposés par pulvérisation cathodique." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2374.
Full textZhang, Zhiguo. "Elaboration de dépôts nano-composés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron pour la substitution du chrome électrolytique." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2035.
Full textThis research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of CrN based multilayer coatings for the replacement of electrolytic chrome. The studied materials include chromium nitrides coatings Cr-Zr-N ternary multiple phase and multilayer coatings and Si added CrN / ZrN multilayer coatings. The main objective of this thesis si to deposit the controllable coating structure and properties based on a magnetron sputtering technology so that the coating performance can be optimized to satisfy the replacement of Cr in industry scale. Coating structures are characterized by various techniques such as glow discharge optical spectrometer (GDOS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scaning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of the deposited coatings are evaluated using nanoindentation, scratch test, pin-on-disk, dynamic polarization techniques respectively. The first study is related to chromium nitride coatings with controllable structure; The hysteresic curve and target voltage versus nitrogen flow rate curve are used to predict the phase evolution on chromium nitride. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis for various RF biases reveals that the increased substrate bias leads the nitrogen content to decrease. The second study is concentrated on Cr-Zr-N system. Solid solution CrN(Zr) coatings and nanoscale multilayer CrN/ZrN coatings with bilayer thickness (^) ranging from 11. 7 to 66. 7 nm are prepared. CrN(Zr) coatings show a maximum hardness value of approximately 24 GPa while CrN / ZrN multilayers present constant hardness of 29 GPa. In corrosion tests, these coatings show good chemical inert and very low corrosion current densities. To enhance the performance of CrN / ZrN multilayers, a further effort to add Si into CrN / ZrN multilayer is carried out. The deposited CrSiN / ZrN multilayer coatings with ^ from 13. 4 nm to 86. 9 nm have nanocrystalline/amorphous structure (nc-CrSiN / a-ZrN). They demonstrate elevated corrosion potentials in comparison with the single layers. On the other hand, CrN / ZrSiN multilayers with ^ from 11 nm to 153 nm form nancrystalline/amorphous period structure (nc-CrN / a-ZrSiN). This multilayer structure shows a good combination of high hardness from ZrSiN and good toughness from CrN. The addition of Si into ZrN individual layer has been shown to be an efficient way to inhibit pitting corrosion
Antoine, Joseph. "Synthèse par pulvérisation cathodique de pérovskites thermochromes comme couche sélective "haute performance" d'absorbeurs solaires thermiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0273.
Full textThe present PhD work is focused on the study of the LaCoO3 system deposited as a thin film by reactive magnetron sputtering. The first part of this work is dedicated to the influence of the deposition parameters on the film structure. The influences of heat treatment parameters and deposition total pressure on the thermochromic transition are discussed. We have shown that it is possible to control the ratio between the cubic and rhombohedral phases as well as the size of the crystallites through the control of our parameters. In a second part, we studied in detail the properties changes using synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscopy. Our measurements have shown that the cubic phase and the crystallites size influence the spin of cobalt atoms and therefore the nature of the Co-O bonds. We have shown that a fine microstructure and a rhombohedral phase increase the thermochromic effect and the optical switch of the transition thanks to an increase in the population density at the Fermi level and a decrease of the optical gap
Labdi, Sid-Ahmed. "Propriétés de transport de films de BiSrCaCuO préparés par pulvérisation cathodique : anisotropie et caractère bidimensionne." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112191.
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