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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pulverised fuel ash concrete

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pulverised fuel ash concrete'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pulverised fuel ash concrete"

1

Iqbal Khan, Mohammad. "Prediction Model and Relationship of Compressive and Tensile Strengths for High Performance Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 377 (August 2013): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.377.92.

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Analytical models for compressive strength and tensile strength of high performance concrete are presented. High performance concrete was developed using binary and ternary blending combinations consisting of ordinary Portland cement, pulverised fuel ash and silica fume. Pulverised fuel ash and silica fume were incorporated as partial cement replacements for the preparation of various combinations of blended systems. Compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete containing ordinary Portland cement, pulverised fuel ash and silica fume at various ages are reported. Based on the experimentally obtained results, analytical prediction models were developed. These models enabled the establishment of isoresponse contours showing the interactive influence between the various parameters investigated.

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Mizal Azzmi, Norazura, Jamaludin Mohamad Yatim, Hazlan Abdul Hamid, Azmahani Abdul Aziz, and Adole Michael Adole. "Mechanical properties of kenaf fibrous pulverized fuel ash concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825005007.

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The main objective of the experimental work is to identify the mechanical properties of Kenaf Fiber incorporate with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) in the mix proportions of concrete. Kenaf Fibrous Concrete (KFC) and Kenaf Fibrous Pulverised Fuel Ash Concrete (KFPC) will be measured on physical and mechanical properties in order to investigate the suitability of this natural fiber as a composite material. A comparison of properties between these two composites will determine the density, workability, compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of the concrete. Eight different mixes with varying percentage of Kenaf fiber were prepared with 30N/mm2 strength at 28days ,56 days and 90 days. Short fiber with 25mm and 50mm length were randomly distribute in composite to enhance the tensile and durability. PFA was obtained by the process of burning in the Power Station Coal Ash at Tanjung Bin, Johor. The unburning powder from the process is called as a PFA generally suitable for cement replacement in the concrete mix. The pozzolanic reaction will improve the adhesion of cement gel, hence increased the properties of concrete in a long-term strength development. The result shows that the inclusion of Kenaf fiber improve tensile strength of composite, furthermore the 25% PFA mix increase the durability of concrete.

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Lam, Katherine K. Y. "Coral recruitment onto an experimental pulverised fuel ash–concrete artificial reef." Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, no. 5 (May 2003): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00482-4.

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Wai-chung, Peter Leung. "Strength Development of Concrete Made with Locally Produced Pulverised Fuel Ash." HKIE Transactions 3, no. 2 (January 1996): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.1996.10667699.

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Duraman, Saiful Baharin, and Md Fadhil Hakim Haji Omar. "Durability of pulverised fuel ash (PFA) concrete exposed to acidic and alkali conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925805015.

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Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) is becoming an important component in concrete due to potentially improved properties such as workability, later age strength and durability. Concrete structures may be susceptible to acid attack due to exposure to acid rain, acidic soil or polluted water. Concrete structures exposed to high alkaline environments, in addition to the alkalinity level of the cement and aggregates, may promote alkali-silica reaction (ASR) leading to swelling and reduction in durability. This study looks into the durability properties of PFA incorporated concrete at various replacement levels when exposed to highly acidic and alkali conditions. Compressive strengths and water absorption tests were compared between concrete cured under normal conditions with concrete exposed to highly acidic and highly alkali conditions. All specimens exposed to acidic conditions showed significant decreases in mass and compressive strengths compared to specimens cured normally. Higher PFA replacement resulted in improved resistance to acid attack. All specimens exposed to alkali conditions showed minor increases in mass suggesting ASR occurring. Reductions in compressive strengths were found at lower replacement levels. At higher replacement levels, increases in compressive strengths were found, suggesting the possibility of increased pozzolanic reaction of the PFA due to the high alkalinity.

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Kamau, Jhon, Ash Ahmed, Paul Hirst, and Joseph Kangwa. "Performance of Class F Pulverised Fuel Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in Ternary Concrete Mixes." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 6 (June 20, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.6.363.

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Cement is the most utilised material after water, and the processes that are involved in making it are energy intensive, contributing to about 7% of the total global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). Energy efficiency can however be achieved by using Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) which demand less process heating and emit fewer levels of CO2. This work examined the advantages of substituting cement using PFA and GGBS in ternary (2 SCMs) concrete at steps of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. It was found that PFA increased the workability of GGBS, whereas GGBS improved the strength of PFA. The densities of the resultant concrete were below those of the 0% replacement as well as those of individual binary (1 SCM) concretes. The tensile strengths of the ternary concrete were lower than those of the binary concretes, whereas the gains in compressive strengths over curing time were higher at lower replacements for the ternary concrete compared with the 0% replacement and the binary concretes, but lower at higher replacements. The findings indicate that PFA and GGBS could be used together to improve the properties of concrete where each falls short.

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Zhu, Xun Guo, and Kai Cao. "The Inhibition Studying of Many-Doped Mineral Admixture for Concrete Alkali Silicate Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.771.

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In the theoretical basic of only mixing the pulverized fuel ash, the slag or the silicon ash experiments, carrying on concrete alkali-aggregate reaction experiment separately that double-doped the pulverized fuel ash and the silicon ash, double-doped the pulverized fuel ash and the slag, double-doped the slag and the silicon ash, three-mixed the pulverized fuel ash, the slag and the silicon ash. The result indicated the effect of mixing pulverized fuel ash and the silicon ash is better than the mixing silicon ash and slag or pulverized fuel ash and slag. Besides three-mixed the pulverized fuel ash, the slag and the silicon ash can effectively suppress the reaction of concrete alkali-silica acid response（ASR）

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WOOLEY, GR, RM CONLIN, and RE JOYCE. "DISCUSSION. PULVERISED FUEL ASH CONCRETE IN CONSTRUCTION OF NATURAL DRAUGHT COOLING TOWERS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 86, no. 6 (December 1989): 1205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1989.3663.

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Ahmed, Ash, and John Kamau. "Performance of Ternary Class F Pulverised Fuel Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete in Sulfate Solutions." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 7 (July 11, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.7.401.

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Durability of concrete is defined as its ability to resist deterioration after it has been exposed to the environment of its intended use. This work examined the performance of combined (ternary) Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) concrete in sulfate solutions of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and mixed Na2SO4 and MgSO4, as well as its performance in water absorption. Investigations were carried out on replacements that were found to have achieved the highest compressive strengths as well as on 30% replacements from a previous study. From the results obtained, it was also found that at highest compressive strengths, the ternary concrete could be used with an advantage over the individual binary concretes in MgSO4 environments, whereas at a higher replacement, the ternary concrete could be used with an advantage over individual binary specimens in Na2SO4 and MgSO4 environments. For visual observations, it was concluded that the ternary concrete could be used with an advantage over the individual binary concretes in Na2SO4 and MgSO4 environments, whereas for strength deterioration, the results showed that the ternary specimens could be used with an advantage over individual binary concretes in both the MgSO4 and the mixed sulfate solutions. Generally, the ternary specimens showed some complimentary effect from the two materials.

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Eymael, M. M. Th, and H. A. W. Cornelissen. "Processed pulverized fuel ash for high-performance concrete." Waste Management 16, no. 1-3 (January 1996): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(96)00063-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pulverised fuel ash concrete"

1

Byars, Ewan Alexander. "PFA concrete : strength development and permeation properties." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343527.

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Woolley, G. R. "A study of the characteristics of heat of hydration of PFA concrete in thin structures." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305566.

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Carroll, Robert A. "Hydrothermal performance of pulverised fuel ash and the manufacture of autoclaved aerated concrete." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7321.

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Pulverised fuel ash (PFA) is a reactive silica source used in the manufacture of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Experiments studied the hydrothermal reactions of PFA samples from two UK power stations with calcium hydroxide at 457 K, for periods up to 21 h. These conditions are comparable to those used in the manufacture of AAC. The process is characterised by the rapid consumption of ash particles. Associated with this is the solubilisation of large amounts of silica, alumina and alkalis. The formation of a semi-crystalline calcium silicate hydrate and a hydrogarnet phase occurs during the early stages of autoclaving. The hydrogarnet phase persists under the conditions studied, but conversion of the calcium silicate hydrate into tobermorite occurs with prolonged autoclaving. Differences in the hydrothermal performance of the two PFA samples are evident, which cannot be explained by the bulk elemental composition. Ash fractions obtained from a centrifugal air classifier have different reactivities during autoclaving and can result in specimens with different compressive strengths. Quantitative x-ray diffractometry showed that high levels of aluminosilicate glass are associated with the fine ash fractions, whereas most quartz, haematite and magnetite is associated with the coarse fractions. Significant differences exist in the mineralogical analyses of the two sets of ash fractions obtained from the bulk ash samples. The coarse ash fractions have the most varied morphology and composition.

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Duddy, Margaret Mary. "An investigation into the suppression of the alkali-silica reaction in concrete by the use of pulverised fuel ash." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260799.

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Ganaw, Abdelhamed I. "Rheology of grout for preplaced aggregate concrete : investigation on the effect of different materials on the rheology of Portland cement based grouts and their role in the production of preplaced aggregate concrete." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5766.

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Preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) is produced by grouting high workability cement based grouts among the voids of compacted coarse aggregate mass. Because of its low shrinkage, PAC has been used for many repair jobs like; tunnel lines, dams and bridge piers. Moreover, it has been used for underwater construction. Grout has a major effect on the properties of produced PAC and well defined grout controls the properties of resulted PAC. The effect of types and amount of powder materials, admixtures, sand and water content on the properties of fresh and hardened grout for the production of PAC have been investigated. Tests on hardened grout and PAC properties have also been carried out to investigate the most important effects. A correlation between hardened properties of grout and PAC has also been analyzed. Grout rheology using four different gradation sands at two different cement-sand and at different w/c ratios ratios has been identified experimentally; no added chemical admixtures or mineral additives had first employed, then superplasticizer (SP) was added at 2% and 1%, and finally a combination of 1% SP and pulverized fuel ash (Pfa) at 20% of the cement weight was employed for all mixes. Grout tests have included two point workability tests by the Viskomat NT, flow time funnel test, Colcrete flow meter test, and water bleeding test. After that, eighteen grout mixes with high workability were produced using three different sands at three w/c ratios and two c/s ratios with 1% SP and Pfa at 20% of the cement weight were designed. Eighteen hardened grout and PAC then produced and their compressive strength and sorptivity were tested. Grout rheology can be defined by the rheology of cement paste employed and the internal distance between sand particles. The effect of sand surface texture on grout rheology is important at very low internal distances. Fresh grout yield stress is the most important property which gives the same degree of sensitivity for all grouts regardless the material type and content used in the mix. There are strong relations between compressive strength of grout and PAC, but less correlation between them in sorptivity test because of the effect high quantity of coarse aggregate of PAC. Sorptivity of PAC is low comparing with different kinds of concrete suggesting its advantage for underwater construction.

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Ip, Mei-fong Phyllis. "Environmental management options for pulverised fuel ash (PFA) /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813535.

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7

Mahmud, Maythem Naji. "Utilisation of high carbon pulverised fuel ash." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11973/.

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Coal combustion by-products generated from coal-fired power plant and cause enormous problems for disposal unless a way can be found to utilize these by-products through resource recovery programs. The implementation of air act regulations to reduce NOx emission have resulted millions of tonnes of pulverised fuel ash (PFA) accumulated with high percentage of unburned carbon made it un-saleable for the cement industry. Moreover, alternative fuels such as biomass and import coals were suggested to reduce gas emissions but on the other hand PFA marketability was reduced. The main objective of this study was thus to utilise high carbon PFA into value added products. Through this work, the relationships beside the factors that could influence the carbon content in the PFA and reduce it in terms of producing raw material useful for different applications were explored. These factors were extensively investigated through thermogravimetric analyses, surface area measurements, microscopy and optical studies, and particle size distribution analyses. Five high unburned carbon PFAs were selected as feedstocks for PFA beneficiation, cement tests, and carbon activation. In order to beneficiate a high carbon PFA, incipient fluidisation was selected as the preferred route being a dry separation method which does not expose the carbon to potential contaminants that may alter its reactivity or physical properties. Enriched PFAs (i.e. depleted carbon) were separated and then cement tests were conducted in different mixture ratios (PFA/cement) throughout different time scales. These tests were demonstrated by using samples derived from biomass co-firing and import coals. The PFA/cement mixtures achieved good strength and workability via standard values. Unburned carbon (i.e. enriched carbon) streams were activated using steam at temperature 850 C and time from 60-300 minutes. For all unburned carbons investigated in this project, the surface areas of their activated counterparts increased to reach maximum level after three hours and four hours compared with other works. But this increase dropped back according to the reduction of the pore widening. Consequently, the surface area exhibited a high level of low carbon burn-out for the carbon sourced from biomass co-firing (1435 m2/g and 38 wt.%, respectively). This was revealed due to the carbon gasification and pore widening level. In addition, optical studies showed that the carbon types changed in a different manner during the activation.

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Ip, Mei-fong Phyllis, and 葉美芳. "Environmental management options for pulverised fuel ash (PFA)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252849.

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9

Cook, Simon Ernest. "Amendment of agricultural peat soils with pulverised fuel ash." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317763.

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Kirby, M. J. "Glass ceramics from a South African pulverised fuel ash." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22118.

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Bibliography: pages 92-101.
The generation of electricity by the combustion of pulverised coal produces large quantities of coal ash (PF A). The disposal of this ash lias become a matter of concern due to the unsightly and hazardous nature of the PF A, and it has been the subject of intense investigations into its suitability as a raw material. Many uses have been proposed for the PF A. When used as landfill or mining backfill, the attraction is the low cost of the material. Other uses, as in the concrete industry, use PF A because of the improvements in quality of the resultant product. PF A has been suggested as a raw material for the production of wear resistant materials. The PF A is composed in the main of SiO₂ and AI₂O₃, and is a suitable material for the production of alumino-silicate ceramic materials, which are known to be tough and wear resistant. To establish the suitability of PF A from the Lethabo Power Station as a raw material, a project to prepare glass ceramic materials from the PF A was started. The conversion of the PF A to a glass ceramic material is a complex process involving many stages, and the processing at each stage will affects the final properties of the material. It is not possible in a short project such as this to examine all the factors which exert some control on the process, and so a small subset of these parameters was selected for study, namely the effect of added oxides on the crystallisation behaviour. Glass items which crystallise on holding at high temperatures commonly do so by growth of crystals from the surface of the item. This results in a material that is mechanically weak, due to the highly oriented microstructure that results. Nucleating agents can be used to obviate this. By providing sites for crystal growth in the bulk of the sample, they induce the crystallisation of fine grained ceramics with good mechanical properties. This study examines the effect of TiO₂, P₂O₅, and a mixture of iron and chrome oxides on the crystallisation of the glass prepared using PF A. The effect of these oxides was evaluated by examination of the microstructure of the crystalline specimens, and the kinetics of crystallisation were analysed by fitting data obtained by isothermal crystallisation of the specimens to the Avrami equation. Finally, the mechanical properties of the materials were tested by solid particle erosion, and the materials ranked against a selection of other materials used for their wear resistance.

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Books on the topic "Pulverised fuel ash concrete"

1

Phitides, Miriam. The abrasion resistance of concrete with pulverised fuel ash. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Civil Engineering, 1991.

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2

Meldrum, M. Pulverised fuel ash: Criteria document for an occupational exposure limit. London: HMSO, 1992.

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Office, Energy Efficiency. The use of pulverised fuel ash as a bituminious filler. London: Department of the Environment, 1994.

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DeVore, P. W. The utilization of fuel ash in the manufacture of autoclaved cellular concrete building materials. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Seetah, Krish. Small mammal population of a pulverised fuel ash (PFA) site, with comments on the potential of PFA habitats as sites for nature conservation. [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1998.

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M, Harding H., and Potter J. F, eds. The use of pulverised fuel ash in lean concrete roadbases. Crowthorne, Berks: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Highways and Structures Dept., Pavement Design and Maintenance Division, 1985.

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7

Carroll, Ronald Alexander. Hydrothermal performance of pulverized fuel ash and the manufacture of autoclaved aerated concrete. 1996.

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executive, Health and safety. Pulverised Fuel Ash. Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 1992.

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E, Jones Carol, ed. Utilization of pulverized fuel ash and fluidized bed combustion ash in AFBC concretes. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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A, Sear Lindon K., ed. The properties and use of coal fly ash: A valuable industrial by-product : coal fly, or pulverised fuel ash, from coal-fired power stations ; the production, properties and applications of the material. London: Thomas Telford, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pulverised fuel ash concrete"

1

Georghiou, Luke, J. Stanley Metcalfe, Michael Gibbons, Tim Ray, and Janet Evans. "Lytag: Light-Weight Aggregate from Pulverised Fuel Ash." In Post-Innovation Performance, 227–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07455-6_26.

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Cieplik, M. K., L. E. Fryda, W. L. van de Kamp, and J. H. A. Kiel. "Ash Formation, Slagging and Fouling in Biomass Co-firing in Pulverised-fuel Boilers." In Solid Biofuels for Energy, 197–217. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-393-0_9.

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Swift, P., H. Kinoshita, and N. C. Collier. "The Effect of Supplementary Pulverised Fuel Ash on Calcium Aluminate Phosphate Cement for Intermediate-Level Waste Encapsulation." In Cement-Based Materials for Nuclear Waste Storage, 215–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3445-0_19.

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Nur Hafizah, A. K., M. W. Hussin, M. Ismail, M. A. R. Bhutta, M. Azman, P. J. Ramadhansyah, A. Nur Farhayu, and A. S. L. Nor Hasanah. "Potential Effect of Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Micro-Filler of Polymer Concrete." In ICGSCE 2014, 41–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-505-1_6.

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Alias, Minnu P., and Tellma John. "Effect of Waste Carpet Fibres and Palm Oil Fuel Ash on Self Compacting Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 271–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55115-5_26.

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Ghaffar, Fatin Shafirah Abdul, S. S. Mohd Zuki, S. Shahidan, Fadzli Mohamed Nazri, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim, Mohamad Azim Mohammad Azmi, Norashidah Abdul Rahman, and M. H. W. Ibrahim. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Untreated Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Egg Shell Powder." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 259–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2187-1_23.

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Kamaruddin, Sufian, Wan Inn Goh, Noridah Mohamad, and Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial. "Development of Self-compacting Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Eggshell Powder as Partial Cement Replacement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2187-1_1.

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Joshi, Arpan, Flávio Craveiro, and Helena Bártolo. "A Review on the Application of Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Concrete as a Cementitious Material for Construction." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2021), 717–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75315-3_76.

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Norhasri, M. S. Muhd, A. R. Muhammad Faiz, I. Shafienaz, H. Mohd Shafee, M. A. M. Fauzi, and J. Nurliza. "Inclusion of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as Micro Engineered Material (MEM) in Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC)." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 57–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2187-1_6.

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"Pulverized Fuel Ash." In Mineral Admixtures in Cement and Concrete, 1–40. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12673-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pulverised fuel ash concrete"

1

Azzmi, Norazura Mizal. "Performance Of Kenaf Fibrous Pulverised Fuel Ash Concrete In Acidic Environment." In ICRP 2019 - 4th International Conference on Rebuilding Place. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epms.2019.12.49.

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Yi, Wen, Yonghe Wang, and Yihua Nie. "An Experimental Study on Pulverized Fuel Ash Concrete." In GeoHunan International Conference 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41045(352)21.

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Tsioulou, Ourania, Andreas Lampropoulos, Kyriacos Neocleous, Nicholas Kyriakides, and Thomaida Polydorou. "Development of an innovative one part green concrete." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0874.

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<p>Concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials. However, the main drawbacks in the use of concrete are related to the use of cement and subsequently the high percentage of carbon dioxide emissions. The use of cement substitutes is an area where there is a lot of ongoing research. Geopolymer concrete is a concrete in which cement is replaced by waste materials such as Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), or Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS). To activate the geopolymerisation, an alkali activator is used. The procedure, which is used for the production of a geopolymer concrete, is normally a two-part procedure: Preparation of the alkali activator one day before the mixing and mixing of the aluminosilicate sources (PFA, GGBS) with the activator. To make the production of geopolymers more user friendly it needs to be converted to one part procedure where water will be added in a readymade mix. In the published literature, there is research on one- part geopolymers, but there are limited studies on the use of demolition waste materials as substitution of PFA and GGBS in this type of materials. With the current study, different sources of raw materials focusing on demolition waste materials such as red bricks and reclaimed concrete, which are commonly used in construction worldwide, will be examined for the production of one- part geopolymer. The major aim of this research proposal is to develop an innovative sustainable one-part cement free geopolymer concrete. The new concrete is a “green” concrete where cement is replaced by waste materials. Construction demolition materials such as red bricks can be used as raw materials in the geopolymer matrix. This project will focus on the selection, characterisation and development of the appropriate processing of these red bricks so as they can be used as raw materials in the geopolymer matrix. Also, the development of one part mix where the new concrete will be ready for use by adding only water in it, is another aim of the proposed project.</p>

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Makaratat, Nattapong, Chaiyanunt Rattanashotinunt, and Chai Jaturapitakkul. "Low CO2 Concrete Made from Calcium Carbide Residue, Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Rice Husk-Bark Ash, and Recycled Aggregates." In 2018 Third International Conference on Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (ESIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esit.2018.8665036.

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Osman, M. H. B., O. S. Kai, S. H. Adnan, S. Salim, M. Rahman, A. Jaafar, M. L. A. Jeni, and N. F. Yahya. "Mechanical properties of concrete containing expanded polystyrene (EPS) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA)." In PROCEEDINGS OF 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICAMET 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0052774.

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Imran, N. F., M. N. Hasri, N. A. Khairul Fitri, D. Hasan, and M. Z. Ramli. "Effects of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) towards consistency and setting time properties of concrete." In ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062661.

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Andas, Jeyashelly, and Nor Azmaziela Mohd Anuar. "Effect of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and cockle shell on the concrete strength and durability." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2018 - MATERIAL CHEMISTRY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5066967.

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Caldwell, Robert J., Newton J. Bowmer, Edward J. Butcher, and I. Hugh Godfrey. "Characterisation of Full-Scale Inactive Cement-Based Intermediate Level Nuclear Wasteforms After One Decade of Storage." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49072.

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Abstract:

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based programme to characterise full-scale, 500L cement-based wasteforms stored for over a decade. The wasteforms were prepared from inactive intermediate level waste (ILW) simulants, representing a range of ferric-based flocs produced during spent fuel reprocessing, using a blended ordinary Portland cement (OPC) / pulverised fuel ash (PFA) grout. The characterisation includes petrographic analysis, determination of moisture/density relationships, acid neutralisation capacity (ANC), and extraction analysis as a function of depth. The results of the study, conducted on full depth cores, indicate that the chosen matrix was well suited to the ferric floc waste that it was designed to contain. Carbonation and desiccation of the high water/solids wasteforms was limited to the near surface and the beneficial morphological and chemical characteristics of the matrix showed very little spatial variability.

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M. D., Safiuddin, Jumaat M. Z., Salam M. A, and Rahman M. A. "Effects of Palm Oil Fuel Ash on the Permeable Porosity and Water Absorption of High-Strength Concrete." In Research, Development and Practice in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_c-21-0245.

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Abdullah, Khairunisa, M. A. Nasly, Mohd Warid Hussin, Norhaiza Nordin, and Zahrizan Zakaria. "Properties of aerated concrete containing various amount of palm oil fuel ash, water content and binder sand ratio." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (ICBEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbee.2010.5653443.

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