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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Punishment (Psychology) Operant conditioning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Kenzer, Amy L. "Dishabituation of operant responding in humans /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3276957.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007.<br>"May, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-64). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

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2

Bhimani, Rohan. "Operant Place Aversion in the Rusty Crayfish, Orconectes rusticus." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1415978513.

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3

O'Daly, Matthew. "Influence of temporal context on value : an exploration of various operant conditioning procedures /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3159872.

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4

Rouse, Susan L. "A Comparison of Points Versus Sounds as Reinforces in Human Operant Research." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278951/.

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Research shows that human operant behavior typically differs from non-human operant behavior on schedules of reinforcement. These differences in performance may be related to differences between the experimental preparations used to study human and non-human operant behavior. One such difference is the type of reinforcer used. This experiment analyzed the differential effects of points alone, points backed up by money, and sounds on schedule performance of human subjects. Results show that sounds generated moderate rates of responding, capable of change in either direction. When points backed

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5

Alvey, Debi A. "A Behavioral Economic Analysis of Different Reinforcers: Sound-Clips Versus Points Exchangeable for Money." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2738/.

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Human operant studies frequently use points exchangeable for money as reinforcers. Some studies employ more immediately consumable reinforcers to emulate properties of food reinforcers. This study examined demand for points/money and for sound-clips to compare their economic characteristics. Across four participants, demand was often higher and less elastic for points/money than for sounds. During subsequent exposures at each response requirement, demand for sounds often decreased to a greater degree than demand for points/money. Thus, sound-clips seem less durable than points/money across pri

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6

Macartney, Lorna Rosemary. "The control of peripheral digital temperature through biofeedback and the techniques of operant conditioning." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303112.

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7

Wennmacher, Pamela L. Rosales-Ruiz Jesus. "Effects of click + continuous food vs. click + intermittent food on the maintenance of dog behavior." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3598.

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8

Gomez, Francisco M. Rosales-Ruiz Jesus. "Topographical analysis of reinforcement produced variability generalizations across settings and contingencies /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3973.

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9

Segura, Valerie D. "Examination of potential elicitors of operant and respondent behaviors in smokers." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/296.

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Research on operant learning principles suggests that discriminative stimuli, and negative and positive reinforcement play a role in the maintenance of smoking behavior. Smoking research from a respondent learning paradigm focuses on the role of environmental stimuli that function as elicitors of physiological responses related to smoking. Basic research suggests that compensatory responses may play a role in drug tolerance and relapse. In one preliminary study assessing the role of compensatory responses to smoking stimuli (Machado, 2011), drops in carbon monoxide (CO) were observed only when

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10

Seymour, Kail H. "The Effects of Reinforcing Operant Variability on Task Acquisition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3273/.

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Neuringer, Deiss, and Olson (2000) was replicated and extended to determine the effect of variability contingencies on task acquisition for twelve 7-9 year old children. Subjects first learned to press a computer's shift keys with increasing response variation. Each subject was then exposed to one of three experimental conditions during which they received a point for target responses. Variability condition subjects received additional points on a variable interval schedule for nontarget responses occurring less than 3% of the time. The any condition subjects received additional points on a va

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11

Gomez, Francisco. "Topographical analysis of reinforcement produced variability: Generalizations across settings and contingencies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3973/.

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This study evaluated the effects of programming a variability contingency on one object and the generalization of variability across other objects and contingencies when the defining features of the variable responses were topographical differences. A dog's interactions with five different objects were measured under both ANY (where any physical contact with the object would be reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule) and the VAR contingencies (where only the novel responses per trial would be reinforced). The ANY contingency produced stereotyped responding of behavior with all objects. When one

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12

Kieta, Andrew. "Reinforcing Variability Produces Stereotypic Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984163/.

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Behaving in novel ways is essential to the development of the types of complex performances described by the term creativity, problem solving, and perseverance. Some research suggests that response variability is an operant and a critical component of novel behavior. However, other account of novel behavior may be more parsimonious. Topographical variability has rarely been examined, nor has operant variability with organisms with baselines featuring stereotypic responding. This study examined the effects of a variability-specifying contingency on the cumulative novel responses of undergraduat

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13

Hunter, Chad S. "Analyzing Contingencies of Behavioral and Cultural Selection." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30471/.

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A choice paradigm was used to evaluate allocation of interlocking behavior of two groups of two participants between responses having operant consequences only and responses having cultural consequences. In a discrete trial BABABAB design, each participant could select one of three options, which delivered either 3 or 5 points. In B (cultural consequence) conditions, two of the options had additional effects: the 3-point option also added 3 points to the other participant's earnings, and one of the 5-point options also subtracted 5 points from the other participant's earnings. The third option

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14

Grada, Heather B. "Programming common stimuli to promote generalization of academic skills with elementary school children." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442858.

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15

Murrey, Nicole A. Rosales-Ruiz Jesus. "The effects of combining positive and negative reinforcement during training." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3636.

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16

Schepers, Scott Timothy. "The Effects of Reinforcer Distribution During Response Elimination on Resurgence of an Instrumental Response." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/280.

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Resurgence is the relapse of an extinguished instrumental behavior that can occur when an alternative behavior that was introduced to replace it is itself extinguished. In a typical resurgence experiment, rats are trained to make a response (R1) for food reinforcers. In a second phase, responses on R1 are no longer reinforced, but a new response (R2) is introduced and responses on it are reinforced. During a third phase, reinforcement for R2 is removed and behavior on R1 often returns (or "resurges") despite remaining on extinction. The current experiments were designed to examine the effects

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17

Rodriguez, Paloma. "Operant and Respondent Procedures to Establish Social Stimuli as Reinforcers in Children with Autism." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/961.

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According to the DSM-IV- TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), one of the core deficits in autism is in the impairment of social interaction. Some have suggested that underlying these deficits is the reality that individuals with autism do not find social stimuli to be as reinforcing as other types of stimuli (Dawson, 2008). An interesting and growing body of literature supports the notion that symptoms in autism may be caused by a general reduction in social motivation (Chevallier et al., 2012). A review of the literature suggests that social orienting and social motivation are low in

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18

Warme, Geoffrey Todd. "The explication and application of a homeostatic shift framework to place conditioning measures during ethanol withdrawal." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2006.

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19

Parsons, Teresa Camille. "Effects of Concurrent Fixed Interval-fixed Ratio Schedules of Reinforcement on Human Responding." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4846/.

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The present study contributes an apparatus and research paradigm useful in generating human performances sensitive to concurrent schedules of reinforcement. Five participants produced performances observed to be under temporal and ratio control of concurrent fixed interval-fixed ratio schedules. Two aspects of interaction between FI and FR schedules were distinguishable in the data. First, interaction between two schedules was observed in that changes in the value of one schedule affected behavior reinforced on another schedule. Second, switching from one pattern to the other functioned as an

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20

Jenkins, Juliet. "The Effects of Two Types of Consequence Delivery on Task Acquisition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4868/.

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The effects of two consequence delivery methods on task acquisition were evaluated within a multi-element design. A typical 3 year-old child and a 4 year-old child with autism participated in this study. The task for both children was to select a picture after the experimenter said its name. The consequence in one condition consisted of the experimenter handing the edible item to the children. The consequence in the other condition consisted of the children retrieving the edible item directly from the apparatus, located in a crevice underneath each picture. Results show slightly quicker acquis

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21

Kassif-Weiss, Sivan O. "Do Shared S-minus Functions Among Stimuli Lead to Equivalence?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4863/.

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We examined the claim that equivalence classes contain all positive elements in a reinforcement contingency by asking whether negative stimuli in a reinforcement contingency will also form an equivalence class, based on their shared function as S-minus stimuli. In Experiment 1, 5 subjects were tested for equivalence for positive and negative stimuli. Testing of positive stimuli preceded testing of negative stimuli. Two of five subjects demonstrated equivalence for positive stimuli, and three subjects demonstrated equivalence for negative stimuli. In Experiment 2, order of testing was reversed.

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22

Wennmacher, Pamela L. "Effects of Click + Continuous Food Vs. Click + Intermittent Food on the Maintenance of Dog Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3598/.

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There is disagreement among clicker trainers on whether or not food should be delivered every time the clicker (conditioned reinforcer) is used. However, presenting a conditioned reinforcer without food can weaken the strength of the conditioned reinforcer and also disrupt its discriminative stimulus function. A within subjects reversal design was used with 2 dogs to compare the behavioral effects of continuous pairings (C+F condition) vs. intermittent pairings (C+C+F condition) of the clicker with food. Results show that the C+C+F condition affects the frequency, accuracy, topography, and int

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23

Clay, Andrea Wolstenholme. "Habituation and Desensitization as Methods for Reducing Fearful Behavior in Singly-Housed Rhesus Macaques." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19831.

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Operant conditioning using positive reinforcement techniques has been used extensively in the management of nonhuman primates in both zoological and laboratory settings. Based on a large body of previous research that demonstrates the utility of such techniques in reducing stress, abnormal behavior, and aggression, this research project was intended to develop and test the usefulness of habituation and counter-conditioning techniques in reducing the fear-responses of singly-housed male rhesus macaques living in the laboratory environment. Additionally, we investigated the variable of tempera

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24

Small, Stacey. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder : general education elementary school teachers' knowledge, training, and ratings of acceptability of interventions." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000084.

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25

Murrey, Nicole A. "The Effects of Combining Positive and Negative Reinforcement During Training." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3636/.

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The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of combining negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement during teaching with the effects of using positive reinforcement alone. A behavior was trained under two stimulus conditions and procedures. One method involved presenting the cue ven and reinforcing successive approximations to the target behavior. The other method involved presenting the cue punir, physically prompting the target behavior by pulling the leash, and delivering a reinforcer. Three other behaviors were trained using the two cues contingent on their occurrence.

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26

Schlam, Tanya Rachelle. "The effect of attention training on emotional vulnerability and food consumption following a stressor." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17219.

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27

Robillard, Christina Lauren. "Learning from experience: a longitudinal investigation of the consequences, frequency, and versatility of nonsuicidal self-injury." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11962.

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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to direct and deliberate damage of one’s bodily tissue without the intent to die. Although NSSI abates over time for most young people, 8-32% of those with a history of NSSI exhibit a severe pattern of engagement characterized by high or increasing NSSI frequency (i.e., number of episodes) and versatility (i.e., number of methods). Unfortunately, despite these markers of NSSI severity conferring risk for psychosocial dysfunction and suicidal behaviour, the mechanisms that explain why NSSI increases in frequency or versatility are poorly understood. Behavio

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28

Verplaetse, Terril Lee. "Effects of Prazosin Treatment on Ethanol- and Sucrose-Seeking and Intake in P Rats." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2970.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Background: Previous studies show that prazosin, an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, decreases alcohol drinking in animal models of alcohol use and dependence and in alcohol-dependent men. These studies extended previous findings by using a paradigm that allows for separate assessment of prazosin on motivation to seek versus consume ethanol or sucrose in selectively bred rats given acute or chronic prazosin treatment. Methods: Alcohol-preferring P rats were trained to complete an operant response that resulted in access to eithe

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