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Journal articles on the topic 'Punjab (Pakistan) – Politics and government'
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1
Bhatti, Muhammad Nawaz. "Politics of Water Resource Management in the Indus River Basin: A Study of the Partition of Punjab." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (November 14, 2020): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.6.
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The British Government of India divided the Muslim majority province of Punjab into Eastern and Western Punjab. But the partition line was drawn in a manner that headworks remained in India and irrigated land in Pakistan. The partition of Punjab was not scheduled in the original plan of the division of India. Why was it partitioned? To answer this question, the study in the first instance tries to explore circumstances, reasons, and conspiracies which led to the partition of Punjab which led to the division of the canal irrigation system and secondly, the impact of partition on water resource management in the Indus River Basin. Descriptive, historical, and analytical methods of research have been used to draw a conclusion. The study highlights the mindset of Indian National Congress to cripple down the newly emerging state of Pakistan that became a root cause of the partition of Punjab. The paper also highlights why India stopped water flowing into Pakistan on 1st April 1948 and the analysis also covers details about the agreement of 4th May 1948 and its consequences for Pakistan.
2
Chaudhry, M. Ghaffar. "Holly Sims. Political Regimes, Public Policy and Economic Development: Agricultural Performance and Rural Change in the Two Punjabs. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd., 1988. 206 pp. Rupees (Indian) 175.00. (Hardbond Edition)." Pakistan Development Review 29, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v29i2pp.190-196.
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The book under review is a comparative study of agricultural development in the Indian (East) and Pakistani (West) Punjab. Although the growth of agricultural output and productivity in the two Punjabs was about the same between 1950 and 1965, it became significantly higher in East Punjab than West Punjab in the period that followed, with the result that the Indian Punjab enjoyed productivity levels in 1985 which were double those of the Pakistani Punjab. As the two Punjabs offer a sort of laboratory to gauge the agro-ecological conditions as well as the language and cultural traditions, any differences in their development experience must be explained by reference to the divergent economic policies towards agriculture followed there. Sims thinks that development experiences of the two Punjabs can be attributed to a political dichotomy and the consequent role of the political leadership in the formulation of economic policies. In the case of Pakistan, the Muslim League lacked mass support in the rural areas. Its middle class forces and political institutions were weak, with a predominance of landed aristocracy and bureaucrats. As a consequence, there was hardly any zest for democratic rule. By contrast, the Congress Party, under the charismatic leadership of Nehru, enjoyed full support of the rural masses. At the national level, it was devoid oflanded interests and created a new administrative class to run government affairs.
3
Hussain, Ejaz. "Will Change in Government Affect China–Pakistan Economic Corridor? The BRI, CPEC and the Khan Government: An Analysis." Chinese Journal of International Review 01, no. 02 (September 5, 2019): 1950004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2630531319500045.
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China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) was formally launched in 2015. From the very outset, skeptics raised doubts about its sustainability and meaningfulness for particularly Pakistani society, economy and the state. Nevertheless, the Sharif government in strategic interaction with its Chinese counterpart ably thwarted such controversies and ensured execution of the CPEC projects in different parts of Pakistan. Though within Pakistan, political opposition and certain nationalist political and social forces voiced their related concerns, for instance, to the “route” alignment, the federal and Punjab government led by the Sharifs held ground and accorded priority to sustain the Corridor by engaging local and provincial stakeholders. However, this was not the case with the Khan government whose commerce advisor doubted the negotiated terms and conditions of the CPEC and, therefore, called for its revision to provide a fair deal to the Pakistani side. Why did the Khan government adopt such a policy? How does such a discourse affect China–Pakistan relation in general and CPEC and the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) in particular? What made the Khan government correct its path ultimately? In other words, does change in government impact CPEC negatively? This paper attempts to address these questions empirically.
4
Rehman, Ashfaq U., Arif Khan, and Bakhtiar Khan. "Government-Opposition Relations during Benazir Bhutto’s Rule in Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3.
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Democracy, transition to democracy and democratic consolidation have widely been debated across the world and have prominent position in third world countries. Democracy in developing countries particularly in Pakistan is confronting long standing problem of consolidation of power by civilians. In democracy the strength of the state institutions depends on the relationship among central government with opposition and with provincial governments. Pakistan consists of a centre and four federating units having mix nationalities. This paper investigates the factors which have provoked confrontational politics both within the parliament between ruling and opposition parties and with provincial governments especially Punjab during Benazir Bhutto’s rule. The paper focuses on the question whether it was the same follies which Benazir Bhutto played with during her second term with opposition in the centre and their governments in provinces. To find answers to these questions, secondary data has been used and to supplement newspapers have been consulted for obtaining first-hand information of public officials. The relationship among the ruling party in the centre with opposition and the provincial governments often remained unpleasant and unfriendly. It is argued that personal the national considerations augmented the confrontation and conflicts among national and regional level political parties.
5
Malik, Iftikhar H. "Identity Formation and Muslim Party Politics in the Punjab, 1897-1936:." Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 2 (May 1995): 293–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012749.
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Ongoing volatile political activism in the Indian Punjab, embodying an armed guerrilla warfare, inter-religious dissensions and severe official retaliatory policies, is a microcosm of a pervasive governability crisis in entire South Asia. The dilemma, with all its intensity, is the culmination of various parallel political processes in currency for almost one century. While the state, both colonial and post-colonial, may conveniently and simplistically perceive it as a mere administrative prblem or, at the most, an enduring communal disharmony fostered by hazy ideas,1 its very endurance warrants a serious review of numerous crucial denominators. Politicized ethnicity, largely banking on religious and similar other primordial factors, has received added momentum from interaction with a sterilized and elitist state structure in the wake of vital demographic changes and diasporic quest for identity. Neighbouring Pakistani Punjab exhibited a profile in political defiance for the entire period of Benazir Bhutto's premiership when her Pakistan People's Party (PPP) confronted a formidable opposition from the provincial government of the Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA/IJI). It eventually catapulted Mian Nawaz Sharif into premiership.2 Such an increased political activism in the grain basket of the sub-continent may pose a perplexing issue for those to whom the province since early times has been a conformist, centrist and pro-establishment area when it came to its relationship with Indiawide movements all the way from the stormy events of 1857 to the 1980s Quest
6
Ali, Alia Hadi. "The role and impact of politics on the Art of Pakistan for undergraduates." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 6 (September 14, 2018): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v5i6.3690.
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There was a quantitative research done on role and impact of politics on the Art of Pakistan. Art students have an introduction to political scenario affecting art. The target audience chosen were the undergraduates of Art and Design College Punjab University and National College of Arts in Lahore. This paper works as a parameter. The students are aware that Art can be influenced, moulded and reface with political influence. The selected audience is going to get affected by the policies and commandment of political structure which is present and affecting all professions of Pakistan. After the survey forms were filled by the student of bought institutions,the results of both institutions were compared. Furthermore, this paper helps in adding topics taught in the history of Art in graduate level in a way that what are the circumstances which can be requested by the government to look upon for the promotion of Art.Keywords: First keyword, second keyword, third keyword, forth keyword;
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Malik, Alia Razia. "Metaphors in political campaigning – An anthropological linguistics perspective." Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 10, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v10i2.4753.
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Language is a means of communication in a society. According to linguistic anthropology, a speaker is a social actor who expresses certain ideologies through language. Concepts and ideas, transmitted through language, are part of larger cultural whole in the society. Linguistic anthropology deals with language from a cultural perspective. People represent their mental realities through language which in turn is shaped by culture. Politics is a field of power and dominance. In political discourse, power is exerted through language. Political discourse is to persuade or to motivate the masses. Hence, linguistic choices are important to achieve certain objectives. In Pakistan, the general elections of 2013 were unique in the aspect as it was the first time that one elected democratic government had completed its turn of 5 years and lead towards the next election. Otherwise, the history of Pakistan is marked by incomplete tenures of democratic government and dictatorship. The elections were held on 11 May 2013 in all constituencies of Pakistan. People from all four provinces Punjab, Sindh, Khayber Pakhtoon Khawah, Balochistan, federal area and tribal area had casted their votes. Keywords: First keyword, second keyword, third keyword, forth keyword;
8
Ali, Ghulam, and Razia Musarrat. "Challenges for Federalism in Pakistan, Post Musharraf Era." Review of Economics and Development Studies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v6i1.184.
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Federalism is a form of government that solves the challenges of diversity of a state. Many ethnic groups resides in Pakistan .Baluchistan is the biggest province having smallest number of population of the state ,Punjab the dominant province in terms of population and size has further divisions on linguistic and territorial grounds. Small provinces always raised their voices against the unjust sharing of resources, administrative posts and political positions. The study reveals that mostly resources and political and administrative positions are shared by the two dominant provinces, Punjab and Sindh and other federating units and regions are usually deprived from these prestigious positions that is causing unrest in those regions which is very harmful for the integration of the state. Post Musharraf era in Pakistan is witnessing a continuity of democratic regimes in the state and democratic government of Yousaf Raza Gailani shared maximum powers to the provinces in the form of 18th Amendment but still state of Pakistan has to do a lot more for solving the issues of the provinces.
9
Dove, Michael R. "Bitter Shade: Throwing Light on Politics and Ecology in Contemporary Pakistan." Human Organization 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.62.3.dnbdu0c8km3ye4xc.
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Farmers in the rainfed tracts of Pakistan’s Punjab and North-West Frontier Provinces interpret the on-farm interaction between annual crops and trees in terms of sayah, “tree shade.” Tree shade is conceived as an emission that is thought to have density, temperature, taste, and size (which itself is thought to have length, width, height, and duration). Farmers believe the character of shade and its impact upon their crops varies by tree species and also by season and land type. This complex system of beliefs attests to the commitment of farmers to on-farm tree cultivation and contradicts government foresters’ beliefs that farmers are hostile to the presence of trees on farms. The farmers’ belief system collapses a dichotomy between tree and crop, forest and farm, forest department and farmer, and indeed nature and culture, that serves the interests of the Forest Department. This analysis suggests that the most mundane, quotidian resource practices may have profound political implications, that environmental knowledge is often (if not always) partisan knowledge, and that cultural meaning is not divorced from politicaleconomic dynamics.
10
Batool, Hafsa, Mumtaz Anwar, Nabila Asghar, Hafeez Ur Rehman, and Asifa Kamal. "A NEXUS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9221.
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Purpose of the study: The empowerment of women is an important aim for them to be fully engaged in economic life and to achieve sustainable growth worldwide. One form of empowerment is to provide women with basic facilities.
Methodology: The study also analyzed the impact on women's empowerment by primary data taken via multi-phase cluster sampling methods of household socio-economic and cultural characteristics in Punjab. Given the diversity of nature and context, the 6-dimensional empirical polychoric principles of empowering women generate a stringent cumulative index of women's autonomy.
Main Findings: The empirical findings show that empowering women and their six-dimensional effects are positive for women's years and jobs, legal advertisements, health care institutions, social participation, safe, smooth surroundings, communication, politics and residential negative participation, unpaid housekeeping, and the fear of violence. The results show that women's empowerment is positive.
Applications of this study: This study can be more effective in the manner that to offer women free advice about their rights through electronic media, the government should establish an integrated legal cell with the local government.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contribution in the field of women empowerment that how women can deal with legal advisory, to get jobs, protection in health and institutions.
11
Pervez, Muhammad, Humaira Arif Dasti, and Abdul Rasheed Khan. "The Emergence of the Khilafat Movement in Sargodha: Beginning of Agitational Politics and Impacts on the Freedom Movement." Global Political Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-iv).12.
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Mustafa Kamal abolished the institution of Khilafat in 1924, but the Sargodha district Khilafat Committee continued its functioning. Peers of Sial Sharif and Bugvis of Bhera played the leading role, while pro-British feudal lords supported the government. Khilafat conferences were held in which high-level Khilafat leaders participated and addressed. Samarna-Fund was collected, and a sum of Rs 9600 was submitted to the Punjab Khilafat Committee. Sialvi and Bugvi visited different towns and villages and conveyed the Khilafat message in simple words. Bugvi was arrested and sent to prison for one and a half year. While on the arrest of Peer of Sial-Sharif, the Muslims of Soon Valley began to offer arrest every day. From the Khilafat movement, Muslims of Sargodha enhanced their awareness and gained experience. They utilized it in Pakistan Movement 1940-47 and received prominent status in any district of Punjab outside Lahore. They challenged their feudal lords of past and rulers of present and, as a powerful factor, won their share in freedom.
12
Wseem, Mohammad. "Political Development and Conflict Resolution in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 4II (December 1, 1997): 715–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i4iipp.715-742.
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Conflicts in Pakistan emanate from a configuration of factors relating to the state system, the unstable regional setting, and the global system at large. The state system in Pakistan has been characterised by problems of constitutionally underdeveloped provincial set-ups, dysfunctionality of elections for the prevalent system perceived by a privileged migrant leadership, a centralist authority structure, and a domineering role of army. During the last five decades, the state system passed through various phases of centralism, populism, and constitutional engineering by the military-bureaucratic establishment as well as Islamisation, largely at the expense of provincial autonomy and a sense of participation in the business of the state shared by all communities. Non-recognition of electoral mandate as the final source of legitimacy led to the emergence of ethnic movements in East Pakistan, the NWFP, Balochistan, and Sindh. The perceived Punjabisation of the state has created feelings of ethnic hostility among all regions other than Punjab. Social insecurities caused by rapid social change, such as urbanisation in general and in-migration in Karachi in particular, have fuelled ethnic hatred all around. Similarly, the influx of refugees from neighbouring countries, along with arms and drug trafficking, has led to new patterns of identity politics and higher levels of political violence. The state's relative non-performance at the local level has pushed many sectarian groups to exit from the parliamentary framework of politics towards a blatant use of arms. What)s needed is the creation of a third tier of government at the district and sub-district levels. At the top of the priority list should be a policy of decentralisation and continuity in the electoral process to bring the recalcitrant elements into the mainstream, de-weaponisation, and strengthening of political parties as interest-aggregating and policy-bearing institutions.
13
Rafique, Zain, and Suet Leng Khoo. "Role of community-based organizations (CBOs) in promoting citizen participation." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 3/4 (April 9, 2018): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2017-0008.
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Purpose The current paper is an attempt to evaluate the role of CBOs in promoting citizen participation in the decision-making process of local government institutions of Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Among the most used evaluation techniques of participatory citizenship, the researchers have used an outcome driven approach based on “social goals.” Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which CBOs have been effectual for the promotion of participatory citizenship in decision making of local government institutions in Punjab, Pakistan. In addition, the paper also explores the influence and success level of CBOs in incorporating the preferences and needs of public in decision-making of local government services. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, data have been collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire including both open and close-ended questions. A total of 424 questionnaires were collected from citizens, local government officials and CBO members. Standard survey techniques such as frequency distribution and comparative analyses were used for data analysis. Findings In assessing the role of CBOs in educating all the stakeholders and the general public as well as to ascertain the incorporation of public needs and values into local government decision making, the paper finds that the effectiveness of CBOs is very low to fulfill its objectives. The study suggests the need to have more programs to educate CBOs, enhance public awareness campaigns and also to put into place proper mechanisms to incorporate and evaluate the public needs. Originality/value This paper fulfills the much-needed research gap by the exploring the unknown contribution of CBOs in Pakistan. The paper has added value to the current literature by highlighting that unless there is strong political will and eagerness of local bureaucracy to give up their powers, the inclusion of citizen participation through CBOs in decision making of local government would just be a futile exercise.
14
Qureshi, Asad Sarwar. "Groundwater Governance in Pakistan: From Colossal Development to Neglected Management." Water 12, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113017.
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Groundwater is playing an essential role in expanding irrigated agriculture in many parts of the world. Pakistan is the third-largest user of groundwater for irrigation in the world. The surface water supplies are sufficient to irrigate 27% of the area, whereas the remaining 73% is directly or indirectly irrigated using groundwater. The Punjab province uses more than 90% of the total groundwater abstraction. Currently, 1.2 million private tubewells are working in the country, out of which 85% are in Punjab, 6.4% are in Sindh, 3.8% are in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, and 4.8% are in Baluchistan. The total groundwater extraction in Pakistan is about 60 billion m3. The access to groundwater has helped farmers in securing food for the increasing population. However, unchecked groundwater exploitation has created severe environmental problems. These include rapidly falling groundwater levels in the irrigated areas and increased soil salinization problems. The groundwater levels in more than 50% of the irrigated areas of Punjab have dropped below 6 m, resulting in increased pumping cost and degraded groundwater quality. Despite hectic efforts, about 21% of the irrigated area is affected by different levels of salinity. The country has introduced numerous laws and regulations for the sustainable use and management of groundwater resources, but the success has so far been limited. Besides less respect for the law, unavailability of needed data and information, lack of political will and institutional arrangements are the primary reasons for poor groundwater management. Pakistan needs to revisit its strategies to make them adaptable to local conditions. An integrated water resource management approach that brings together relevant government departments, political leadership, knowledge institutions, and other stakeholders could be an attractive option.
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Adnan, Malik, Arshad Ali, and Shahbaz Aslam. "Economic Issues and Ethical Journalism in Pakistan: Prospects and Challenges." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-i).02.
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Journalists are expected to perform truthfully and ethically which contributes to the strengthening of democracy by sharing reliable information. However, the political economy of media suggests that political and economic elites use the media for their vested interests. Politicians and media owners exploit working journalists. Journalists are not well paid, and they are forced to do unethical practices. The present study explores the journalists’ economic issues at Gujranwala (A city of Punjab, Pakistan) and how economic issues affect the ethical practices of journalists. Data was collected through in-depth interviews of 13 working journalists of Gujranwala city. Findings revealed that journalists are facing serious economic issues and these issues are leading them to unethical practices. It is suggested that government, judiciary, NGOs and journalistic bodies should play an effective role for overcoming this alarming situation.
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Mumtaz, Muhammad, and Saleem H. Ali. "Adaptive Governance and sub-national Climate Change Policy: A comparative analysis of Khyber Pukhtunkhawa and Punjab Provinces in Pakistan." Complexity, Governance & Networks 5, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/cgn-68.
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This study explores the adaptive governance and effective implementation of climate policies at the subnational level in a developing country context. We focused on Pakistan as our central case as it is considered one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and has also gone through a recent governance devolution process. This study is conduced to investigate climate governance at subnational level in Pakistan by looking at the province of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhawah (KPK). We employ the Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework for this study. The framework as methodology is important to uncover the complexity of adaptive governance at subnational level after devolution and transformation of environmental institutions in Pakistan. Different aspects of governance such as engagement of local actors, activism of political leadership, awareness campaigns, and capacity building are the notable initiatives in the provinces. The study identifies the differences of initiatives in these provinces are manifest in subnational climate change policy differentiation, research capacity and institutional maturity. The study finds that the provincial government of the KPK follows more participatory and decentralized approach while Punjab is more centralized. The IAD framework provided an effective means of understanding these complex differences in outcome and scale.
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Burki, Abid A., and Tazeen Fasih. "Households’ Non-leisure Time Allocation for Children and Determinants of Child Labour in Punjab, Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (December 1, 1998): 899–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.899-914.
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Pakistan is one of those countries in Asia where incidence of child labour is very high. Children should not have to work, but the estimates of the Child Labour Survey 1996 show that there are 3.3 million working children between the ages of 5-14 years in Pakistan. Due to political, social and economic pressures, developing countries like Pakistan tend to react by enacting legislation which bans child labour. Countries which are now developed did the same thing when they successfully completed their industrialisation. Child labour is often harmful for the children, but there are situations where the alternatives to child labour may offer only deeper poverty both for the children and their families. Therefore, mishandling of this issue can make matters from bad to worse, for example, if legislation pushes children into even worse situations. The Government of Pakistan has enacted the Employment of Children Act of 1991 which has banned employment of children below the age of 14 years and their employment is now a cognisable offence under the Act punishable by imprisonment and fine.1 Such interventions can lead to reductions in the already limited choices available to the child. For example, this legislation may mean that the child can neither work nor go to school. To put it differently, this ban does not address market failures, for example, in the education market.
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Alam, Aftab, and Iqra Jathol. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Potential for Social Transformation." Global Pakistan Studies Research Review I, no. I (December 30, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2018(i-i).02.
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CPEC offers Pakistan an prospect to address frequent of the economic and political issues troubling the country. If Islamabad and Beijing do not guarantee Balochi companies and workers play a famous role, it could jeopardize China's premeditated gains and Pakistan's most significant development project ever. Pakistan's government cannot afford to fuel further the anger and estrangement in this province. Baluchis must have a wager in CPEC's accomplishment. If CPEC is an implemented in a way that includes Baluchis in its rewards, (through obligation of funds for development and hiring Balochi companies and workers) CPEC has the impending to pull the province out of deficiency and calm the antigovernment anger. CPEC can be a game changer for Pakistan and China, but only if it is first a game changer for Baluchistan. For a state like Pakistan, which faces severe economic and political challenges, CPEC can establish to be a wildcard which will provide a big opportunity to soothe its economy while refining associations with its neighbors and by making Gwadar a trade and economic hub of the region. For an unbalanced economy of Pakistan, the passageway will offer a solution to its troubles and will open new horizons of development by improving socioeconomic conditions of the people and by elevating their quality of life. Many Special Economic Zones are conceived to be established in Punjab, Gilgit-Baltistan, KPK, Baluchistan, and Sindh. This will eventually bring prosperity with the speculation from the budding international investors and will help Pakistan drive its economic expansion. In ultimate remarks it is said that the project of this passageway is the "game change" in this region, it would be accomplished for the affluence of this region.
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Ullah, Sana, Ijaz Khalid, and Shazia Hassan. "Issue of SaraikiStan: Post 18th Amendment." Global Social Sciences Review II, no. I (June 30, 2017): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(ii-i).11.
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The paper primarily focuses on salient dynamics voiced for division of Punjab and establishment of Saraiki Province and is aiming to aware coming parliamentarians regarding the sensitive issue so that they can make themselves capable to develop skill to resolve such generic issues. The non-justifiable allocation and distribution of resources by the federal government not only created hatred between East and West Pakistan in 1971 but later on among four provinces of Pakistan as well. For the last more than seventy years, the inspirations of ethnicity and regionalism evoked by Pukhtoons, Baluchis, Muhajirs and Saraikis made the process of national integration complex and so politicized different socio-economic and issues concerning different people of different regions which sometimes led to civil war situations in Pakistan. Though state's constitution provided equal rights and opportunities to all nationalities in all spheres of life. However the feeling of provincialism or regionalism awakens in the minds when the people of a particular area are continuously neglected by the ruling class and so they are politically educated as backward and discriminated people by their local leaders. In this way, these leaders keep political hold over the specified area and its people. Regional disparities in terms of revenue and consumptions have awakened the perception of ignorance and discrimination and this is the reason that PML (N) faced severe hurdles and the repatriation of its own parliamentarians as the Saraiki community has been continuously neglected by the Punjabi dominated Political Party in the National legislature.
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Rind, Ayaz Ahmad, and Sohail Akhtar. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/196." Habibia Islamicus 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2021.0502e05.
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Sufi poetry have great influence on the lives of the people of Punjab in Pakistan and among the several important Sufis are famous due to their literary services which they have contributed in the reconstruction of the society. In South Punjab, from Dera Ghazi Khan Division one of the famous Sufi poets is Khawaja Ghulam Farid. His Shire is located at Kot Mithan. Khawaja Fareed is considered important mystic Saraiki poet of South Punjab. His poetry provided oxygen to the society and source of inspiration. The teachings of Khawaja Farid guided the people of the region during colonial Period. He was great critic of Colonial Government and he highlighted the worst aspects superstitious of colonial system. He tried his best to awaken the people through his poetry۔. So that the social and political position of the people can be improved by giving them awareness and they can be saved from humiliating slavery. Although he had mastery of languages as called a poet of seven languages but he is famous for Saraiki poetry and many scholars called him “Ghalib of Saraiki Language’” This research paper covers his socio-political contribution and literary services through Saraiki Poetry for the society during colonial era.
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Shaheen, Wasim, Abdul Ghaffar, Zahid Hussain, and Maqsood Ali. "Socio-Political and Financial Risk Analysis of Infrastructure Projects Linked with China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." RMC Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46256/rmcjsochum.v1i1.31.
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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is more than just a project between Pakistan and China because it will have financial, economic, and social changes at a massive level around the globe especially in the Asian region. Multiple projects have been planned under the umbrella of CPEC including construction and extension of highways, railways, special economic zones to connect China from Kashgar to Gawadar in Pakistan. This project will have a massive infrastructural development in Pakistan. Rehabilitation and Expansion of Karachi-Peshawar Railway Line known as ML-1 to be completed in 6 years approximately is one of the vital infrastructure projects in this mass transit corridor. This is the oldest and busiest rail line in Pakistan for passengers as well as cargo transfer with almost 75% share of the country’s transfer. The approximate cost allocation on that project is $8 billion which is shared by the Government of China and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This route is covering KPK, Punjab and Sindh Provinces. These provinces have different political ruling parties. We have concluded that to deal with any kind of possible delay or termination of the project, the sponsoring agency and guarantor involved must make sure the transparency in this whole process.
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Rey-Schirr, Catherine. "The ICRC's activities on the Indian subcontinent following partition (1947–1949)." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 323 (June 1998): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400091026.
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In 1945, at the end of the Second World War, the British government clearly stated its intention of granting independence to India.The conflict between the British and the Indian nationalists receded into the background, while the increasing antagonism between Hindus and Muslims came to the fore. The Hindus, centred round the Congress Party led by Jawaharlal Nehru, wanted to maintain the unity of India by establishing a government made up of representatives of the two communities. The Muslims, under the banner of the Muslim League and its President, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, demanded the creation of a separate Muslim State, Pakistan. The problem was further complicated by the fact that the approximately 300 million Hindus, 6 million Sikhs and 100 million Muslims in British India were not living in geographically distinct regions, especially in Punjab and Bengal, where the population was mixed.
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Schulz, Wolfgang H., and Oliver Franck. "An Empirical Study to Estimate the Economic Effects of the Introduction of a Periodical Technical Inspection (PTI) for Motor Vehicles in Punjab (Pakistan)." Open Transportation Journal 15, no. 1 (September 16, 2021): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802115010182.
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Aims: In 2016, the government of Punjab (Pakistan) established a new system for inspecting road vehicles. The inspection system tests the roadworthiness, noise level, and emissions from the vehicles. These test metrics have further economic benefits that will be analyzed throughout the study. As the main aim of this study, we provide an economic impact analysis of the introduction of a periodical technical inspection (PTI) system that acts as a basis for political decision-making. Background: We used a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to assess the economic impact of the introduction of a periodical technical inspection (PTI) in Punjab. With the CBA, the economic benefits and costs can be empirically weighed against each other to provide a precise result for policymakers. Such results could help in decision-making regarding new policies, such as whether to introduce a new system or not. This is especially important for the region of Punjab since it has a large population and a substantial number of cars which lead to many fatal car accidents. A primary reason for the numerous fatal accidents is the poor quality of the present vehicle stock. Punjab lacks a regulatory body that systematically ensures that all vehicles on the road are safe and of good quality. Therefore, an effective approach to reducing fatalities would be the introduction of a systematic inspection body that controls vehicle quality. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing a PTI in the region of Punjab. To this end, we calculate a benefit-cost ratio and determine whether the PTI would have a positive economic impact on the region. Throughout the analysis, cutting-edge empirical methodologies are used to provide a structured approach for precise assessment of the benefit-cost ratio related to the introduction of a PTI system. Methods: To weigh in on the benefits and costs, we used a CBA analysis. This method is commonly used in welfare economics to find out if certain measures are socially desirable. The overall result of the CBA is a benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Ratios greater than one prove that the system implementation is profitable for society. Such an analysis provides an empirically supported result that can be used throughout the decision-making process in the public sector. Results: According to our analysis, the implementation of a PTI together with an emission test would yield a benefit-cost ratio of 12.45. A benefit-cost ratio of 10 means that one dollar invested in the PTI results in an economic benefit of 10 dollars in Punjab. The introduction of a PTI system would have a positive impact on the economic welfare of Punjab and is therefore socially desirable. The empirical results show a high degree of statistical significance (p = 0.001). Due to this, the coefficients of the cause-effect relationships can be interpreted unambiguously. Avoiding an estimated 198 fatalities would enable accident-related savings of US$ 11,616,462. Moreover, 382 fewer injured people would lessen the financial burden on the state by another US$ 1,568,874. The total estimated emission savings would amount up to $2,647,966.87. Altogether, the benefits arising from the implementation of PTI would equate to US$ 15,833,302,9.We calculate that the sum of all inspection fees (for a total of 179,977 vehicles inspected) is to be US$ 1,271,460. When leveraged against each other, the savings and fees lead to a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 12.45. Conclusion: The implementation of PTI would have a significant and measurable effect on the reduction of road accidents in Punjab. The list of potential benefits is not exhaustive, as other effects, like noise reduction, could not be considered due to missing data. Despite considering a limited list of benefits, we have demonstrated a high BCR which speaks in favour of the introduction of PTI and its favourable impact on Punjab’s economic welfare.
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Willmer, David. "Women as Participants in the Pakistan Movement: Modernization and the Promise of a Moral State." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 3 (July 1996): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016607.
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Photographs taken in Lahore in 1946–47 record the mass participation of women in the pro-Muslim League demonstrations against the Khizar Unionist government. This was the first such mass public mobilization of Muslim women anywhere in pre-independent India. The mobilization of women became a vital element in the League's tactics during the dramatic last months leading up to Independence and Partition. A small group of relatively emancipated female Muslim Leaguers from the Punjab who had been at the vanguard of the anti-Khizar demonstrations were also instrumental in mobilizing the unemancipated women of the North-West Frontier Province to protest against the Khan Sahib Congress ministry. This latter mobilization was evidently so successful that the British governor of the province, on seeing the crowds of burqa-clad women, was reported to have declared that ‘Pakistan is made’. It is perhaps no mere coincidence, then, that Jinnah made his statement about ‘awakening the political consciousness’ of Muslim women at the same session of the AIML at which the demand for Pakistan was made official League policy. The political awakening of Muslim women seemed to be inextricably linked to the struggle for a separate Muslim state in India. The question that this paper deals with, however, is whether in fact the Pakistan movement had a surplus of meaning for women over and above the nationalism of the Muslim League and why it was that many Muslim women were, in Begum Jahan Ara's words, ‘more impatient for Pakistan than men.’
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Reeves, Randall R., Abdul Aleem Chaudhry, and Umeed Khalid. "Competing for Water on the Indus Plain: Is There a Future for Pakistan's River Dolphins?" Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022591.
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The total population of Indus Dolphins, numbering perhaps 500 individuals, is subdivided by barrages into five or six subpopulations. At least two of these are so small (fewer than 20 animals) that they have little chance of survival past the next few decades. If dispersal occurs at all, because of barrages it will apparently only be downstream, causing a net loss to upstream subpopulations. The subpopulation in Sindh Dolphin Reserve, between Sukkur and Guddu barrages, is relatively large and apparently well-protected. However, the small size of the Reserve, its geographical position near the downstream end of the species range, and the political and economic instability of the area, taken together, mean that this subpopulation is at considerable risk. The need for additional reserves upstream of Guddu Barrage, to improve the prospects of the species' survival, is clear.The subpopulation downstream of Taunsa and Panjnad barrages is unquestionably the largest in Punjab, and its protection should be a high priority of the Punjab Government. Apart from the obvious need to prevent both direct capturing and accidental killing, the Dolphins' aquatic habitat must be carefully safeguarded. Any additional withdrawal of water from the Indus and its tributaries, whether for agriculture or industry, would be inimical to Dolphin conservation. Moreover, any project involving changes to the river system's hydrography and water-quality, even if expected to have no net effect on discharge levels in the main channels, should be evaluated critically for the potential impact on Dolphins.It is important to emphasize that responsibility for the fate of Indus Dolphins and the many other organisms affected by major water-development schemes, is shared by a number of countries in addition to Pakistan. We hope that foreign governments, in their efforts to support Pakistan's economic development and relieve poverty in the subcontinent by assisting in the planning and financing of water megaprojects, do not in the process contribute to the impoverishment of the client country's, and in turn the world's, ecological heritage.
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Perveen, Shahnaz, Muhammad Ayub Buzdar, and Akhtar Ali. "FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDE OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (April 18, 2021): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9233.
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Purpose of the study: This research study aims to measure the entrepreneurial attitude of female university students and investigates the factors contributing to the development of entrepreneurial attitude among female students in Pakistan. The core objective of the study was to develop entrepreneurial attitudes among females and make them capable to adopt small-scale businesses.
Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed to measure the entrepreneurial attitude of female students and further exploring different factors affecting the attitude of female students towards adopting the business as a career option. In this study, a survey method was used in which quantitative data on female students’ entrepreneurial attitude and different affecting factors were collected from 2576 female students from eight public sector universities located in Punjab province. The entrepreneurial attitude scale was used as a survey instrument originally developed by Ali, Topping, and Tariq (2011) and further modified by the researchers to measure the entrepreneurial attitude of female students. A factor-based scale was developed to measure the effect of these factors on female students’ entrepreneurial attitudes. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression techniques by using SPSS 16th Version.
Results: Findings of multiple regression analysis exhibits that the role of education is the best contributor to the female students’ entrepreneurial attitude. The other contributing factors are family support, technological assistance, business environment, and social support but their contribution is small whereas government initiatives and legal provisions were not supportive for developing entrepreneurial attitudes among female students.
Applications of this study: This study can be useful for arranging entrepreneurial career development programs for the development of the entrepreneurial attitude among female students and make them capable to start their entrepreneurial endeavours.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study was to investigate the effects of different familial, social, educational, political, environmental, and legal factors on female students’ entrepreneurial attitudes.
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Sabat, Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib, and Abdul Qadar. "Religious populism in Pakistani Punjab: How Khadim Rizvi’s Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan emerged." International Area Studies Review 23, no. 4 (December 2020): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865920968657.
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Khadim Rizvi’s open manifestation of religion helped him become one of the most popular leaders of Barelvi-Sunni Muslims in Pakistani Punjab. He emerged as the leader of a moral community during a crisis. After a series of protests and negotiated agreements with the federal and provincial governments, he was able to translate his support into electoral power. In the 2018 election, his TLP bagged 1.8 million votes (National Assembly seats) from Punjab. It was the first instance in recent political history when a newcomer religious party finished third in the province. No religious party had been able, in the last three elections (2008, 2013, 2018), to impact elections in Punjab as the TLP did in 2018.
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Qureshi, Asad Sarwar, and Chris Perry. "Managing Water and Salt for Sustainable Agriculture in the Indus Basin of Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095303.
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The Indus basin of Pakistan occupies about 16 million ha (Mha) of land. The Indus River and its tributaries are the primary sources of surface water. An estimated 122 km3 of surface water is diverted annually through an extensive canal system to irrigate this land. These surface water supplies are insufficient to meet the crop water requirements for the intensive cropping system practiced in the Indus basin. The shortfall in surface water is met by exploiting groundwater. Currently, about 62 km3 of groundwater is pumped annually by 1.36 million private and public tube wells. About 1.0 million tubewells are working only in the Punjab province. Small private tubewells account for about 80% of the pumped volume. Inadequate water allocation along the irrigation canals allows excessive water use by head-end farmers, resulting in waterlogging. In contrast, the less productive use of erratic supplies by tail-end farmers often results in soil salinity. The major issues faced by irrigated agriculture in Pakistan are low crop yields and water use efficiency, increasing soil salinization, water quality deterioration, and inefficient drainage effluent disposal. Currently, 4.5 Mha (about 30% of the total irrigated area) suffers from adverse salinity levels. Critical governance issues include inequitable water distribution, minimizing the extent to which salt is mobilized, controlling excessive groundwater pumping, and immediate repair and maintenance of the infrastructure. This paper suggests several options to improve governance, water and salt management to support sustainable irrigated agriculture in Pakistan. In saline groundwater areas, the rotational priorities should be reorganized to match the delivery schedules as closely as possible to crop demand, while emphasizing the reliability of irrigation schedules. Wherever possible, public tubewells should pump fresh groundwater into distributaries to increase water availability at the tail ends. Any substantial reform to make water delivery more flexible and responsive would require an amendment to the existing law and reconfiguration of the entire infrastructure, including thousands of kilometers of channels and almost 60,000 outlets to farmer groups. Within the existing political economy of Pakistan, changing the current water allocation and distribution laws without modernizing the infrastructure would be complicated. A realistic reform program should prioritize interventions that do not require amendment of the Acts or reconstruction of the entire system and are relatively inexpensive. If successful, such interventions may provide the basis for further, more substantial reforms. The present rotational water supply system should continue, with investments focusing on lining channels to ensure equitable water distribution and reduce waterlogging at the head ends. Besides that, the reuse of drainage water should be encouraged to minimize disposal volumes. The timely availability of farm inputs can improve individual farmers’ productivity. Farmers will need to have access to new information on improved irrigation management and soil reclamation approaches. Simultaneously, the government should focus more on the management of drainage and salinity.
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Dwijayanto, Arik, and Yusmicha Ulya Afif. "A Religious State (A Study of Hasyim Asyari and Muhammad Iqbal's Thought on the Relation of Religion, State and Nationalism)." JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam) 3, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v3i2.6778.
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<p><em>This article explores the concept of a religious state proposed by two Muslim leaders: Hasyim Asyari (1871-1947), an Indonesian Muslim leader and Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938), an Indian Muslim leader. Both of them represented the early generation when the emerging revolution for the independence of Indonesia (1945) from the Dutch colonialism and India-Pakistan (1947) from the British Imperialism. In doing so, they argued that the religious state is compatible with the plural nation that has diverse cultures, faiths, and ethnicities. They also argued that Islam as religion should involve the establishment of a nation-state. But under certain circumstances, they changed their thinking. Hasyim changed his thought that Islam in Indonesia should not be dominated by a single religion and state ideology. Hasyim regarded religiosity in Indonesia as vital in nation-building within a multi-religious society. While Iqbal changed from Indian loyalist to Islamist loyalist after he studied and lived in the West. The desire of Iqbal to establish the own state for the Indian Muslims separated from Hindus was first promulgated in 1930 when he was a President of the Muslim League. Iqbal expressed the hope of seeing Punjab, the North West province, Sind and Balukhistan being one in a single state, having self-government outside the British empire. In particular, the two Muslim leaders used religious legitimacy to establish political identity. By using historical approach (intellectual history), the relationship between religion, state, and nationalism based on the thinking of the two Muslim leaders can be concluded that Hasyim Asyari more prioritizes Islam as the ethical value to build state ideology and nationalism otherwise Muhammad Iqbal tends to make Islam as the main principle in establishment of state ideology and nationalism.</em></p><em>Keywords: Hasyim Asyari, Muhammad Iqbal, religion, state, nationalism.</em>
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Khan, Adeel. "Renewed Ethnonationalist Insurgency in Balochistan, Pakistan: The Militarized State and Continuing Economic Deprivation." Asian Survey 49, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1071–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.6.1071.
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A mini-war is going on between the military and ethnic nationalists in Balochistan, Pakistan's territorially largest province. The military claims that violence is the result of tribal chiefs' opposition to the Pakistani government's development projects, whereas the militants believe that the Punjabi-dominated military is colonizing their land and exploiting its resources. This article argues that the violence is unlikely to subside, absent a comprehensive change in the government's approach to the conflict.
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Nabi, Ijaz. "Two Social Protection Programs in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 18, Special Edition (September 1, 2013): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2013.v18.isp.a13.
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Pakistan has launched two far reaching social protection programs. The federal government’s Benazir Income Support Program has, at its core, an unconditional cash grant for the poorest households. Responding to the concern that this runs the risk of creating a large pool of permanent government handout recipients, the federal government has also launched an ambitious skills development program. At the provincial level, the government of Punjab is implementing skills development as social welfare in the four poorest Southern Punjab districts. The paper discusses the structure of the two programs, their success at reaching the poor and the monitoring challenges to assess their overall effectiveness.
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Akbar, Muqarrab, Kanwar Muhammad Yasir Furqan, and Hafsa Yaseen. "Evaluation of Ethnicity and Issues of Political Development in Punjab, Pakistan." Global Political Review V, no. IV (December 30, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-iv).07.
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The purpose of this research is to evaluate ethnicity and its impact on the political structure of Punjab, Pakistan. This topic was required by the subverting tendencies of the circumstances that, in reality, endanger the survival of the minority groups in Punjab. In order to upgrade provincial political development, the facets that proliferate its existence in policies and hold it can be abolished. They have not yielded any efficacious outcomes in spite of elucidation that has been consistently provided. Subsequently, they need to search for a more practical alternative by focusing on the divisions that are present in ethnic societies. Ethnic democracy should be present that is a governmental system that links the ethnic groups to their democratic and political rights. Quantitative research was used in this research article. The researcher collected the data by distributing questionnaire among people. For future research, this research concludes with a debate of recommendations.
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T. Nguyen, Quynh, and Dhushyanth Raju. "Private School Participation in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2015.v20.i1.a1.
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This study uses multiple rounds of national household sample surveys to examine the extent and nature of private school participation at the primary and secondary levels in Pakistan. Today, one fifth of children in Pakistan—or one third of all students—attend private school. Private school students tend to come from urban, wealthier, and better-educated households than government school students and especially out-of-school children. The characteristics of private school students relative to their government school peers and the former’s composition differ in important ways across Pakistan’s four provinces. Private school participation among children varies largely from one household to another rather than within households, and to a greater extent than government school participation. Private schooling is spatially concentrated, with a few districts (situated mainly in northern Punjab) accounting for most private school students. The spatial distributions of private school supply and participation are strongly correlated. In the 2000s, private school participation rates grew in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and across socioeconomic subgroups, contributing in particular to the growth in overall school participation rates for boys, urban children, and rich children. Nevertheless, the composition of private school students has become more equitable, driven mainly by Punjab, where the shares of private school students from rural and nonrich households have risen.
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Butt, Nadia, Nosheen Fatima Warraich, and Muzammil Tahira. "Development level of electronic government services." Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 68, no. 1/2 (February 4, 2019): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-05-2018-0045.
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PurposeThis paper aims to explore the emerging trends of e-government in Pakistan with an empirical investigation of the e-government websites and the services they provide to the citizens of Pakistan. It also investigates the level of development of these e-government websites in the Punjab Web portal. The governments in Asian countries, including Pakistan, have been struggling to switch their services from traditional on-spot services to online services. Focal points of the study are development level of e-government websites, available e-services and quality.Design/methodology/approachThe e-government Web portal of Punjab province with 38 websites is center of attention in present study. Website’s content analysis method is used to study e-government websites (N= 38) from the Punjab Web portal. It used the “Four-Stage Development Model” for the four stages, namely, “publishing”, “interacting”, “transacting” and “transforming”, to study the phenomena.FindingsThe findings showed that most of the websites on the Web portal were at the first (publishing) and second (interacting) stage of development. For the provision of effective online services, websites need to be on the third (transacting) and fourth (transforming) stage. Only a few websites in the Punjab Web portal were the on transacting and transforming stages providing a mature level of services. In total, 40 different types of services are identified in 38 websites of Punjab e-government Web portal.Practical implicationsE-government, Web portals are developed to give citizens a single, easy access point to several departments’ websites and their services. This baseline study recommends to update e-government websites periodically and put more focus on technological and contextual features to enhance the accessibility and usability of the websites.Originality/valueThis is first empirical study of e-government websites to explore their services and examine existing level of website development in this region.
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Kumar, Ashutosh. "Electoral Politics in Indian Punjab." South Asia Research 37, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728016675528.
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The forthcoming Assembly elections in Punjab in early 2017 indicate signs of a new phase in the electoral history of this state, largely dominated earlier by various political alliances headed by the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) under Jat Sikh leadership. Presented within the wider Indian electoral landscape, this article offers an analytical overview of Punjab’s electoral politics as it has evolved since partition from the vantage point of SAD. It is argued that there are several good reasons why traditional SAD domination and style of leadership are presently being challenged through a combination of new political actors and, significantly, changing awareness among a very diverse electorate about what to expect from any government one elects.
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Et.al, Shahid Mahmood. "The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Performance." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 2900–2911. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1321.
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The present study examines the relationship between HRM practices and performance of employee to be tested in Punjab police, Pakistan. The sample size in this study is 368 respondents that consists of Inspectors and Sub-inspectors of Punjab Police Department in Pakistan. We collected data using questionnaire and analysis using Smart-PLS. Our result discovered that job rotation, training and development, compensation, career planning, and performance appraisal have a positive affect to Employee Performance in Punjab Policy department, Pakistan. Based on our findings, we suggest the policymakers to provide more intensive compensation to employees, optimizing job rotation, implementing training and development, provide appropriate career planning, and making advance performance appraisal in order to improve the performance of Punjab police employees in Pakistan. This study extends existing literature of Employee Performance, it delivers new understandings on the conception and role of job rotation, training and development, compensation, career planning, and performance appraisal to stimulate the reformation of Employee Performance in the government institution such as the Punjab police department.
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Naz, Samia, Sarwat Jabeen, and Abdul Rashid. "Evaluation of Punjab Education and English Language Initiative (PEELI) Project in Pakistan." Global Regional Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).36.
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The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Punjab Education and English Language Initiative (PEELI) interventions (2018-19) on professional skills of primary school teachers in Punjab using Stufflebeam’s CIPP evaluation model (1983). PEELI is a collaborative project between the Government of the Punjab and British Council being implemented through Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development Punjab, Pakistan. In this qualitative research, data has been obtained through British Council’s Annual Reports, quarterly reports of third party, semi-structured interviews with four stakeholders, twelve trainers and thirty six primary school teachers in twelve districts of Punjab. The findings suggest that PEELI interventions have created positive impact on classroom delivery for making it child-centric. The study recommends the following strategies to achieve positive outcomes: needs analysis of primary teachers in the beginning of the project, equal opportunity of training to young and senior primary teachers, continuous professional development of teachers and developing follow up mechanism.
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Chattha, Ilyas. "Faction-building in Pakistan: Sir Francis Mudie and Punjab politics, 1947–1949." Contemporary South Asia 22, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2014.926311.
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Malik, Babur Hayat, Cai Shuqin, Cai Shuqin, Abdul Ghaffar Mastoi, Abdul Ghaffar Mastoi, Noreen Gul, Noreen Gul, Hifza Gul, and Hifza Gul. "Evaluating Citizen e-Satisfaction from e-Government Services: A Case of Pakistan." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2016): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n5p346.
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Citizen satisfaction is a critical and decisive factor for persistent use of e-Government services as it can substantially impact on failure or success of e-Government projects. Main hurdle for e-government planners and practitioners in Pakistan is to find out the key determinants of e-satisfaction of their citizens. This article actually tries to identify the major factors that drive Pakistani citizen’s e-Satisfaction while using Punjab Province Portal (http://www.punjab.gov.pk/) in Pakistan. After extensive relevant literature review we formulated 7 hypotheses and distinguished 7 different determinants namely trust, accessibility, awareness of e-services, quality of e-services, computer anxiety, customer expectations and security/privacy. A sample of survey data from 200 employees in 8 universities in different cities of Punjab Province of Pakistan was gathered to perform data analysis. Several key outcomes based on multiple linear regression and factor analysis were exhibited. These final results would help to understand the degree of satisfaction of Pakistani citizens. E-governmental policy-makers and practitioners both would be benefitted by this analysis and results of these determinants of e-satisfaction. Some recommendations and implications of our findings were also addressed at the end.
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Yasmeen, Sadia, and Hadia Sohail. "Economics of COVID-19: A case of Punjab, Pakistan." Empirical Economic Review 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/eer/32/030202.
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Desperate times call for desperate measures. This study explores those assessment tools which may enlighten the current pandemic situation. It assesses the link between the COVID-19 incidence and its effects on the length of the expected recessionary period in the region. Being a developing economy, the Prime Minister of Pakistan feared that the severity of recession because of a strict lockdown may not be tolerable. This study developed a theoretical model to explain the possible parameters and tradeoffs which can help in the decision to ease the lockdown. Previously, social and print media focused on the reporting of COVID-19 cases and consequently, its mortality rate. This study used the relative forms of recovery and mortality rates to assess their quadratic/nonlinear pattern with respect to time. It is proposed here that the government should use more complicated plots to assess how COVID-19 is evolving and should also prepare a fact-finding team to assess the situation for easing the lockdown.
Received Date: June 30, 20202 Last Received: October 10, 2020 Acceptance: December 8, 2020
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Usman, Muhammad, Ijaz Ashraf, Khalid M. Chaudhary, and Umair Talib. "Factors impeding citrus supply chain in Central Punjab, Pakistan." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.01.2301.
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Pakistan is one of the largest citrus producer and leading exporter of Kinnow in world. Average production of this vital fruit comparatively lower than potential and in result, minor contributions comes to national economy and livelihoods of the growers. Present study was designed to analyze factors impeding citrus supply chain in Toba Tek Singh District of the Punjab province. Through multistage sampling technique 120 citrus growers were selected. Data were collected through face to face interview technique with the help of structured, validated, reliable and pre-tested questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings unveiled that black marketing of fertilizers, shortage of labor; lack of technical knowledge and shortage of finance were major factors impeding production of citrus crop. Monopoly of middle-man; late payments by the dealers; lack of storage facilities; high storage cost and less price of citrus set by the government were leading barriers of marketing. Study recommended that development of effective marketing system, subsidies on inputs and initiation of direct marketing for small farmers in particular. Study further urges development of affordable machinery for growers to encounter labor shortage problems.
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Khan, Iram Anjum, and Faisal Abbas. "Managing Dengue Outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan." Journal of Health Management 16, no. 4 (November 26, 2014): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063414548559.
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This article aims at exploring and analyzing reasons for the spread of dengue outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan, in 2011. This led to about 300 deaths. Also, this study intends to review the appropriateness of government response in managing the dengue outbreak. The contributing factors in the spread of dengue disease included, among others, the demographic structure of Lahore district, environmental conditions, and urbanization and slum development with lack of health facilities. Furthermore, managerial and coordination failures at the level of city district government aggravated the situation. The governance failure was manifested by the non-framing of dengue disease as a public policy concern, especially when it had affected almost 4,500 persons leading to three deaths in the year 2010. There were coordination failures with tertiary level health institutions, and the city government was unprepared. Concrete and effective steps were taken when chief minister of the Punjab province intervened personally. The strategy adopted by the provincial government was so successful that in the year 2012, there were only 252 dengue cases and no deaths were reported. However, there is still need to improve coordination at the city government level and to institute a preventive regime to manage an outbreak in the future.
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Alfadda, Hind, Maryam Fatima, Abdul Ghaffar, and Muhammad Afzaal. "Critical Thinking Perspective in ESL New English Textbooks: A Case Study of Pakistan." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 9, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.2p.24.
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This study examines ESL textbooks of English language of grade 9th and 10th of Punjab model schools in Pakistan. In order to achieve the goals of research, the qualitative method was used and applied Paul Elder’s Critical Thinking Model (2008) on the text books of grades 9 and 10. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively. Activities mentioned in the textbooks of grades 9 and 10 of Punjab textbook board were extracted and analyzed in the light of Paul and Elder’s CT model. ESL teachers’ interviews regarding the said textbooks serve as an insight into the role of critical thinking among learners. Mention the period of analysis. There relevance exists between the exercises given in English textbooks with the model of critical thinking prosed by Paul and Elder. However, the teachers of Government schools are unaware of the critical thinking perspective and some sessions of critical thinking training need to be offered to the English school teachers of Government schools. The results of the study have significant implications for material developers. The study recommends that the Government of Punjab may provide a training program to the teachers who may get some sort of training and implement on the students the best of teaching practices in Pakistan. In the same context, the analysis of interviews shows that teachers have been playing a passive role in the promotion of CT in the teaching process. Hence, there is a need to organize some training sessions to make them aware of the basic concept and importance of CT in Pakistan.
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Akram, Sidra, Mian Muhammad Azhar, Abdul Basit, Muhmmad Ikram Ul Haq, and Muhammad Waris. "PANDEMIC COVID-19: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS BY PUNJAB AND SINDH GOVERNMENTS IN PAKISTAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9242.
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Purpose: The study analyzes the growing situation of Covid-19 in Pakistan and highlights the recent scientific and social developments made during this pandemic. The paper highlights the exertions of the government of Pakistan in general and especially the preventing measures taken by the Punjab and Sindh government to fight this pandemic. The paper discusses the emergency preparedness and response to the Covid-19 in Pakistan.
Method: This research uses publicly available data to inspect the current situation of epidemic Covid-19 and its preventive measures in Pakistan, especially in Punjab and Sindh province. Besides, documents on the website of the daily situation report of NIH (National Institute of Health), WHO covid-19 dashboard (services and coordination) Ministry of National Health Regulation, different scholarly articles, and already existing world reports have been reviewed and analyzed
Main Findings: The outbreak of Covid-19 was experienced first time in December 2019 at Wuhan city of China which spread promptly in China and then all-inclusive in 213 other countries including Australia, Asia, Europe, America, and Pakistan as well. Experts believed that in a developing country like Pakistan, its effects would be devastating. It has caused approximately 2, 862, 664 deaths and affected more than 131, 837, 512 people worldwide, while its statistics are growing fast. However, several steps have been adopted to overcome Covid-19 worldwide. Even, drastic measures were taken with limited resources in Pakistan to curb the growing situation of Covid-19 such as lockdown, awareness campaign, quarantine facilities, special hospitals, and laboratories for testing the virus.
Application of the Study: The results of this research help the Pakistani government to make their policies more target-ordinated and systematic to cure this pandemic to restore its vigilance with available resources against Covid-19 and trained human capacities, laboratory networks, policy formulation, and national emergency preparedness.
The originality of the Study: This research contributes that confusion and uncertainty between the policies of the federal government and provinces on lockdown measures could lead the thousands of untimely deaths. Experts believed that in a developing country like Pakistan, its effects would be devastating. Despite its limited resources, Pakistan took a stand against an epidemic coronavirus and made it a single-point agenda by all the provinces of Pakistan.
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Ali, Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal, and Muhammad Ramzan. "National Action Plan and Universities: An Assessment of Students Perception in Multan, Pakistan." Global Political Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(vi-i).12.
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The study aimed to assess students perceptions of the National Action Plan and the impact on the attitudes of South Punjab University students. The study was reserved for male and female students studying at selected universities in South Punjab in 2016. Systematic random sampling was used to draw the sample. The total sample consists of 539 students. A questionnaire (5-point Likert Scale) was prepared and used to collect data. The data collected were analyzed using percentages, average scores, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. This study has a constructive purpose of improving the security situation of universities in the south of Punjab and making students think about the whole scenario. The results of the statistical analysis showed that terrorism had changed the lives of students, the Government should take more measures to eliminate terrorism, and students should refrain from thinking about terrorist attacks.
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Imran, Kashif, Evelyn S. Devadason, and Cheong Kee Cheok. "Developmental Impacts of Remittances on Migrant-Sending Households: Micro-Level Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of South Asian Development 14, no. 3 (December 2019): 338–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174119887302.
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This article analyzes the overall and type of developmental impacts of remittances for migrant-sending households (HHs) in districts of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, an HH-based human development index is constructed based on the dimensions of education, health and housing, with a view to enrich insights into interactions between remittances and HH development. Using high-quality data from a HH micro-survey for Punjab, the study finds that most migrant-sending HHs are better off than the HHs without this stream of income. More importantly, migrant HHs have significantly higher development in terms of housing in most districts of Punjab relative to non-migrant HHs. Thus, the government would need policy interventions focusing on housing to address inequalities in human development at the district-HH level, and subsequently balance its current focus on the provision of education and health.
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Ibrahim, Muhammad, and Razia Mussarat. "Electoral Politics: A Case Study of Pakistan (1947-1985)." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i1.7083.
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Electoral politics effects democracy and political system. Elections are essential component of modern democracy.The authoritarian pattern of government is harmful for institutional development process. The constitutional and institutional developmental process is weak in Pakistan. The federal system government is not work in Pakistan in true sense. These issues weakened political system of Pakistan. The institutions may get proper development to strengthen democratic system. The political structures and governing experience is not matched to democratic world. The power politics contributed to inability of parliamentary democracy to govern new country effectively. Democracy remained poor in Pakistan. Military rulersgoverned in Pakistan more than half of time. The assumption is that democracy is controlled by the electoral process. The paper covers electoral politics of Pakistan from 1947 to 1985.
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Muddassir, Muhammad, Mohamed Saleh Al Shenaifi, Hazem Salah Kassem, and Bader Alhafi Alotaibi. "Adoption of Improved Maize Production Technologies in Punjab Province, Pakistan." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i2.1.
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The study assessed farmers’ awareness and adoption of maize production technologies in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from 120 farmers in the study area through personal interview using a structured interview schedule. The study found that 48.3% of the respondents had obtained information about agricultural practices from extension agents and that 65% of the respondents regularly visited the agricultural extension department. Furthermore, 62.5% of the respondents had a high awareness about improved maize cultivation practices and 53% had already adopted the techniques. Farmers who visited the agricultural extension department had a higher awareness and were more likely to adopt improved maize cultivation practices compared with farmers who did not visit the agricultural extension department. Farmers’ education level, cultivated area, and whether they visited the extension department were the key determinants of adoption of new technologies. Government policies in the province should aim to improve methods of extension delivery for the implementation of effective farming practices in small-scale farming systems.
Key words: Awareness, adoption, farmers, agricultural extension, maize, Pakistan.
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Ahmed, Shehzad, Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi, and Asif Iqbal. "Influence of Organizational Politics on University Teachers' Performance." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).33.
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The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship of organizational politics on the performance of teaching faculty of the universities of Pakistan. The nature of the study was descriptive. The public sector universities of Punjab were the population of the study. The researchers randomly selected the four universities, i.e. the University of the Punjab Lahore, Bahaud din Zakria University Multan, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi and The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Two questionnaires, namely Organizational Politics by Vigoda (2007) and Teachers Performance Evaluation Scale (TPES) by Shehzad and Farooqi (2016), were adapted for the study. The statistical techniques t-test and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied to analyse the data. It was inferred that organizational politics had significant impact and relationship with the performance of university teachers. It is recommended that a qualitative approach may be adopted to get a further in-depth understanding of the phenomenon.
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Khalid, Sabika, Endale Tadesse, and Chunhai Gao. "School Facilities Are Grooming Primary Schools Academic Performance in Pakistan: A Longitudinal Evidence from Punjab Province." Asian Social Science 17, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n1p42.
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The Pakistan government is exhausted with the despicable rate of return from education. Punjab province took the preponderance amount of the budget for quality education due to the large population density. Thus, this study longitudinal study embraces the distribution and effectiveness of necessary facilities that consume most educational budgets through extensive analysis. Hence, the main finding indicated that the Punjab province showed a radical improvement in resource equity and student learning outcomes. However, the study noted that a lot has to be done to evaluate resources since significant improvements are observed, but not an achievement.