Academic literature on the topic 'Punjabi language'

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Journal articles on the topic "Punjabi language"

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Kalwar, Tehmina, and Iqra Mahmood. "Attitudes of Punjabi Speakers towards their Mother Tongue in Dilawar, Punjab, Pakistan." Sukkur IBA Journal of Educational Sciences and Technologies 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjest.v2i1.1089.

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The study aimed to investigate attitudes (perceptions, feelings and thoughts) of educated and uneducated Punjabi speakers towards their native language. Researcher made use of quantitative method and the data was collected with the help of questionnaires, from the population of Dilawar, Punjab. Total number of participants were 100; 50 were educated and 50 were uneducated. Out of these 100, researcher had 50 male and 50 female participants. The data was analyzed though SPSS and it was seen that Punjabi speakers disown their mother tongue in Pakistan because it does not give them access to power and job opportunities etc. The negative attitudes of Punjabi speakers towards their language are the reason behind language shift of educated Punjabis Their reasons behind holding negative attitudes are quite instrumental as the state does not give prestigious status to Punjabi language when it comes to academics and jobs. In Pakistan, Punjabis are in the majority but, their language is not having any linguistic right. Therefore, this perception of Punjabis is right in a way that Punjabi is not a bread winning language.
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Chander, Harish, and KP Singh. "Frontline Publishers of Punjabi Language Books." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 40, no. 04 (July 29, 2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.40.04.15811.

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Publishing industry plays a vital role to spread knowledge. In modern days many local publishers are making knowledge available to the society through their native languages. Punjabi is one of the most popular languages of North Indian states. Many publishers from Punjab, Chandigarh, and Delhi are publishing books in Punjabi. The present study is attempted to provide the overview and analyse the growth and contribution of publishing books in Punjabi by various types of publishers for the decade 2004-2013. The study presents different categories of publishers with the number of books, major publishers of Punjabi books, the contribution of literary, government and academic institutions as publishers and geographical distribution of Punjabi books from Northern parts of India. The study reveals that most of the books have been published in Punjabi by commercial publishers. Punjab is the leading region to publish maximum books in Punjabi as compared to other states and ‘Lokgeet Prakashan’ is the top publisher among them all. This is the first study assessing book publishers of Punjabi books and a useful source of information for practitioners and academics interested in Punjabi language publications.
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Chohan, Muhammad Nadeem, and Maria Isabel Maldonado García. "Phonemic Comparison of English and Punjabi." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n4p347.

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English and Punjabi are languages which do not belong to the same families of languages. English is one of the West Germanic languages whereas; Punjabi is a part of the Indo-Aryan family. Punjabi is spoken by various nations on the globe, especially Pakistan and its province Punjab as well as in Indian Panjab. Both English and Punjabi manifest themselves through various dialects on the basis of diversified geographical areas. English is used as the first language by 379,007,140 speakers and further 753,359,540 speakers use it as a second language in more than 104 nations. So, the total speakers of English around the globe are 1,132,366,680 (Ethnologue, 2019). The importance of Punjabi cannot be denied being the 10th most widely used language on the globe (Ghai & Singh, 2013). According to Ethnologue (2019), the total number of Punjabi speakers is 125,326,840. In Pakistan, it is the language of the majority of the people residing in the most populous province of Pakistan, Punjab. It is among twenty-two languages that have obtained official status. Unfortunately, no considerable work has been done on its phonology. This study is an attempt to describe the phonemic differences between English and Punjabi by using the theoretical framework of the Levenshtein algorithm. The index of differences and similarities is determined through the inventories of both languages. The inventories are used as data in this research paper. The Levenshtein algorithm (Levenshtein, 1965) is used to analyse the inventories to calculate the ratio of differences and similarities. The outcome of the current research shows that both English and Punjabi have a phonemic similarity level of 56.25% whereas the index of difference is 43.75%.
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Kaur, Amanpreet, R. K. Garg, and Meenakshi Mahajan. "Comparison of Gurumukhi and Latin scripts in handwriting identification: A forensic perspective." Problems of Forensic Sciences, no. 125 (2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.20.001.14781.

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The present study has been carried out to study the possibility of handwriting comparison in cases where document under question is inscribed in different language and the available standards are in other language. The aspect is prevalent in the field of languages since people around the globe are being attracted to learn new languages, but their native language always has some impact on the next learned languages. Punjabi is the first language taught in the schools of Punjab and other languages afterward. Punjabi is the mother tongue of Punjab area and in contemporary times most of the population of Punjab leaning towards learning English language. For this study, 1200 samples in Punjabi and English from 100 individuals who studied English as well as Punjabi and using these languages on a daily basis were collected and analyzed. Class characteristics like alignment, slant, size, the arrangement of a piece of handwriting, connections, fluency line quality of handwriting along with the characters of letter form and formation were considered and the results were further analyzed statistically using Chi-square test. The results of the present study revealed the handwriting written in distinct scripts is similar and comparable with each other. Additionally, the study will help correlate a person’s handwriting with ethnicity, nationality, and region based on the characters present in the handwriting samples.
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Ahmed, Adeel, Yasar Iqbal, Sharjeel Ashraf, Sundus Gohar, and Sumaira Mukhtar. "Punjabi and its Future in Pakistan." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 3, no. 01 (August 23, 2021): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.030162.

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When the largest community of Pakistan, the Punjabis, are abandoning their language, this paper aims to explore the maximum range of factors upon which the speakers of this language, who are worried about its dismal scenario, can cater to hopes for the survival of their mother tongue. Factors such as the stigmatization of Punjabi as a foul language at many of our educational institutions and having a little number of academic careers and job opportunities in private and public sectors make the future of Punjabi in Pakistan very grim. However, the future of Punjabi is not asdismal as it is propagated. This article investigates the future of Punjabi in the opinion of professionals. The researcher conducted interviews, as data, from five heads of the Punjabi Departments at public sector universities. The participants point out various hurdles in Punjabi and its establishment/ acknowledgment as a national language. Still, at the same time, they point out factors that give strength to this language and upon which its disappointed speakers can pave ways for its spread at a national level. The findings show that the demise of Punjab is nothing more than a misleading rumor. Due to time constraints, the researcher collected data from 5 heads of departments. Furthermore, the topic can be explored by probing businessmen, parents, and laymen to get a wider perspective.
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Ahmed, Adeel, Yasar Iqbal, Sharjeel Ashraf, Sundus Gohar, and Sumaira Mukhtar. "Punjabi and its Future in Pakistan." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 3, no. 01 (August 23, 2021): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.030162.

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When the largest community of Pakistan, the Punjabis, are abandoning their language, this paper aims to explore the maximum range of factors upon which the speakers of this language, who are worried about its dismal scenario, can cater to hopes for the survival of their mother tongue. Factors such as the stigmatization of Punjabi as a foul language at many of our educational institutions and having a little number of academic careers and job opportunities in private and public sectors make the future of Punjabi in Pakistan very grim. However, the future of Punjabi is not asdismal as it is propagated. This article investigates the future of Punjabi in the opinion of professionals. The researcher conducted interviews, as data, from five heads of the Punjabi Departments at public sector universities. The participants point out various hurdles in Punjabi and its establishment/ acknowledgment as a national language. Still, at the same time, they point out factors that give strength to this language and upon which its disappointed speakers can pave ways for its spread at a national level. The findings show that the demise of Punjab is nothing more than a misleading rumor. Due to time constraints, the researcher collected data from 5 heads of departments. Furthermore, the topic can be explored by probing businessmen, parents, and laymen to get a wider perspective.
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Pasha, A. R., N. Abbas, and H. N. Ahmed. "Epenthesis: The Movement of the Urdu Alveolar-Fricative Sound into the Punjabi Palatal-Affricate Sound." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 9487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5295.

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Pakistan is a multilingual country where the Urdu language serves as lingua franca. Although Urdu is the national and official language of Pakistan, it bears the status of the second language (L2) in most of the regions due to the dominance of regional languages. The Punjabi language is the first language (L1) of the people of Punjab. This study intends to investigate the interlanguage influence and extralinguistic factors of phonological variants produced in the process of epenthesis of Punjabi palatal-affricate (/dʒ/) with the deletion of Urdu alveolar-fricative (/z/). The analysis of this study has been conducted using PRAAT software which proved that the native Punjabi speakers replace the /z/ sound with the /dʒ/ sound no matter if it occurs at the start, middle, or the end of a word. Moreover, this process of epenthesis is the result of the influence of the native language, i.e. Punjabi. The outcome of the analysis indicates that the gender and dwelling (urban or rural) of the participants have nothing to do with epenthesis. However, the education of the participants is the main reason for epenthesis.
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Alizai, Kinza. "A Case Study of Punjabi Language Diglossia and Language Shift in Baluchistan Province." Pedagogika Społeczna Nova 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/psn.2021.2.10.

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Language shift is a social phenomenon where one language substitutes another. In the social phe- nomenon of language attrition strong reasons are needed to enable the action such as environmental, social, political, economical and geographical changes. Proposed study detects Language Shift of Pun- jabi speech community which is the permanent settler of the Baluchistan province. Punjabi speakers, also being to a minority ethnic community are disinclined to articulate/accept their linguistic, ethnic and geographic identity. By this vein, the study aims to explore the social as well as political factors that are the pavestones for this linguistic and ethnic shift of Punjabi speakers. The study is qualitative in nature as the data was collected via semi-structured interview. The data is collected form 25 interviewees by executing the purposeful sampling means. The recorded interviews were transcribed and assigned codes by applying the technique of thematic analysis. The results have shown that the local communi- ties, other than Punjabi (e.g., Pushto, Balochi and Brahui) have negative attitudes for Punjabi language due to various historical, political events such as Army operations and state prejudice in which Punjab and federal government played key role. As a result, Punjabi language suffered the badly and expe- rienced a drastic linguistic drop. Regardless of age, whole speech community is weighed down with a causal danger and threat of being labeled and stigmatized in general arena. Social bigotry and intol- erance of Baluchistan’s local speech communities towards the Punjabi speech community resulted in language shift/attrition or less fluent speakers of Punjabi language.
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Rasheed, Muhammad, and Jamil Ahmad. "سائنس اور اسلام کے تعلق پر مذہبی فکرکی تنقیح :برصغیر کے مسلم متکلمین کی آراء کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ." مجلہ اسلامی فکر و تہذیب 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/mift.32.07.

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The geographical ceremonies of Punjabi and Arabic cultures are not hidden from anyone. These two civilizations had been in close relationship in the past and even in the present day there are deep values among them. The economic and trade relations of these two regions also exist for centuries. The love of the people of Punjab for the Arabic language, the Arabic writings of Punjabi scholars and the Arabic poetry of the scholars belonging to this region also played an important role in creating the appreciation of this region in the hearts of the Arabs. It is clear from the research that in modern time, Arabic civilization has also been influenced by Punjabi civilization. Arabs are not only aware of Punjabi scholars but also appreciate them. In this article, the linguistic relations of Punjabi and Arabic languages have been made a topic and attention has been drawn to the fact that these two languages and these two civilizations are not alien to each other.
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Awais Sarwar, Muhammad. "The عربی اور پنجابی کا لسانی تعلق: تاثیر اور تاثر کے آئینے میں." مجلہ اسلامی فکر و تہذیب 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/mift.32.06.

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The geographical ceremonies of Punjabi and Arabic cultures are not hidden from anyone. These two civilizations had been in close relationship in the past and even in the present day there are deep values among them. The economic and trade relations of these two regions also exist for centuries. The love of the people of Punjab for the Arabic language, the Arabic writings of Punjabi scholars and the Arabic poetry of the scholars belonging to this region also played an important role in creating the appreciation of this region in the hearts of the Arabs. It is clear from the research that in modern time, Arabic civilization has also been influenced by Punjabi civilization. Arabs are not only aware of Punjabi scholars but also appreciate them. In this article, the linguistic relations of Punjabi and Arabic languages have been made a topic and attention has been drawn to the fact that these two languages and these two civilizations are not alien to each other.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Punjabi language"

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Claire, Anita. "Language acquisition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34018.

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This project investigates acquisition of a new language by example. Syntax induction has been studied widely and the more complex syntax associated with Natural Language is difficult to induce without restrictions. Chomsky conjectured that natural languages are restricted by a Universal Grammar. English could be used as a Universal Grammar and Punjabi derived from it in a similar way as the acquisition of a first language. However, if English has already been acquired then Punjabi would be induced from English as a second language.
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Fleming, Douglas. "Becoming Canadian : Punjabi ESL learners, national language policy and the Canadian language benchmarks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31080.

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Drawing on the voices of Punjabi-speaking immigrants enrolled in a government-sponsored ESL program, this study sheds light on how a contemporary sample of adult ESL learners are constructing new national identities in the context of the challenges associated with coming to Canada. In particular, it traces how the common threads among their conceptions of citizenship compare to those embedded within national ESL assessment and curriculum documents and illuminates how these documents construct and position idealized conceptions of second language learners. As this study establishes in some detail, there are significant gaps between the principal national assessment and curriculum documents used in this context and the views expressed by the learners polled in this study. Based on this research, the author outlines the implications associated with second language citizenship education in terms of research priorities, national curriculum development, and pedagogical treatment options. In addition, three specific recommendations are made in regards to curriculum content: that citizenship content be made more explicit within our national curriculum and assessment documents; that this content emphasize positive representations of learners in our curriculum documents as being active and socially-integrated; and that this content be centered on the legalistic aspects of citizenship and avoid the use of singular normative cultural standards.
Education, Faculty of
Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of
Graduate
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Chowne, Daniel Godfrey. "How do Punjabi speakers, who are low literate in the English language, access information about diabetes?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59430.pdf.

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Gibbs, D. A. "Second language acquisition of the English modal auxiliaries can, could, may and might by Punjabi-speaking pupils." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381600.

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Akhtar, Raja Nasim. "Aspectual complex predicates in Punjabi." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310091.

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Bowden, Andrea Lynn. "Punjabi Tonemics and the Gurmukhi Script: A Preliminary Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2983.

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Punjabi, a language primarily spoken throughout Pakistan and in the northern Indian state of Punjab, is one of a few closely related Indo-Aryan languages, including Lahnda and Western Pahari, or Dogri-Kangri, which are counted among the world's tone languages, despite having no genetic link to other recognized tone languages. Few grammars have been published for Punjabi, and of those available, the grammars either fail to discuss the existence of lexical tone or note tone only in passing, and these disagree among themselves on even the number of tones. Unfortunately, those grammars which do make note of the presence of lexical tone often fail to discuss the tone patterns or tonemics of Punjabi in a linguistically meaningful way or provide substantial evidentiary support for their own claims regarding tone pattern. This may be due to the fact that, unlike Chinese, which has a contrastive pitch on each syllable, Punjabi "does not lean heavily on pitch phonemes" (Malik, 1995). Still, they are widely evident in the spoken language and are in need of descriptive research supported by significant empirical data. It is the conclusion of this research that the high and low tones found in the Panjabi language can be directly correlated to the classic Gurmukhi orthography. The script features historically aspirated and unaspirated variations of most consonants, which, in certain phonemic environments, are explicit indicators of the tonal qualities found in the spoken language.
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Columeau, Julien-Régis. "Les mouvements pour le panjabi à Lahore entre 1947 et 1960." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0144.

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Le panjabi, en tous ses dialectes, est une langue indo-aryenne lointainement issue du sanskrit comme le français l’est du latin et parlée aujourd’hui par plus de 108 millions de locuteurs au Pakistan et par plus de 42 millions en Inde. Cette répartition résulte de la partition de l’Inde britannique en 1947 entre l’Union indienne (ou, plus simplement, l’Inde) et le Pakistan, qui vit la province du Panjab – dont le nom, les « cinq eaux » en persan, renvoie aux cinq grands affluents de rive gauche de l’Indus – divisée selon une ligne de partage attribuant au Pakistan les districts à majorité musulmane et à l’Inde les districts à majorité hindoue ou sikhe. Du côté indien, en 1966, le nouvel État province du Panjab, linguistiquement composite, fut à la suite d’un long mouvement d’agitation des sikhs, divisée en trois États de l’Union, dont le Panjab avec pour langue officielle le panjabi. Du côté pakistanais, le Panjab devint l’une des provinces du nouveau pays. Mais les gouvernements pakistanais successifs ont établi l’ourdou comme langue officielle du Pakistan et du Panjab, sans jamais reconnaître au panjabi le moindre statut officiel dans la province où il est parlé comme langue maternelle par la quasi-totalité de la population. Or il existe en panjabi une riche et diverse littérature dont les premières attestations remontent au 16e siècle. Toute une partie de cette littérature s’est développée en contexte musulman et en écriture arabe adaptée, et elle forme l’héritage littéraire des Panjabis pakistanais. Une telle situation a très vite généré des tensions au Pakistan, des intellectuels panjabis réclamant un statut pour leur langue dans un pays où les tensions sociales et politiques ont toujours été très vives et où la démocratie a toujours été menacée par une armée toute puissante et des forces islamistes très actives. C’est ce que les chercheurs ont appellé le mouvement panjabi, et notre thèse porte sur les débuts de ce mouvement, jusqu’en 1960. Notre thèse se présente en deux grandes parties. La première est consacrée au contexte dans lequel est né le mouvement panjabi : politique linguistique d’imposition de l’ourdou d’une part, et mouvements linguistiques nés en réaction à ladite politique d’autre part, dans les autres provinces de ce qu’était le Pakistan d’avant la sécession de son aile orientale, devenue le Bangladesh, et au Panjab, à propos duquel est retracée l’histoire du début des mouvements de défense et de diffusion du panjabi. La deuxième partie, qui relève autant de l’histoire sociale que de l’histoire culturelle, commence par caractériser le champ intellectuel de Lahore, capitale politique et intellectuelle du Panjab pakistanais. Dans ce champ, nous identifions trois groupes agissant pour la promotion du panjabi, que nous appellons respectivement traditionaliste, marxiste et moderniste. Nous avons procédé à l’histoire de chacun de ces groupes jusqu’en 1960, présentant et étudiant ses activités et sa production littéraire ainsi que son discours et le profil social de ses membres et caractérisant sa stratégie et son impact
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken today by more than 108 million speakers in Pakistan and by more than 42 million in India. This distribution results from the partition of British India in 1947 between the Indian Union and Pakistan, as a consequence of which the province of Punjab was divided along a line attributing to Pakistan the predominantly Muslim districts and to India the predominantly Hindu or Sikh districts. On the Indian side, in 1966, the new, linguistically composite, province of Punjab was the result of a long movement of Sikh agitation, divided into three states of the Union, including Punjab with Punjabi as its official language. .On the Pakistani side, Punjab became one of the provinces of the new country. But successive Pakistani governments have established Urdu as the official language of Pakistan and Punjab, without ever granting to Punjabi any official status in the province where it is spoken as a mother tongue by almost the entire population. There is a rich and diverse literature in Punjabi, whose earliest records date back to the 16th century. Much of this literature has developed in Muslim context and adapted Arabic writing, and it forms the literary legacy of the Pakistani Punjabis. Such a situation very quickly generated tensions in Pakistan, with Punjabi intellectuals demanding a status for their language in a country where social and political tensions have always been very strong and where democracy has always been threatened by an all-powerful army and very active Islamist forces.This is what scholars have called the Punjabi movement, and my thesis focuses on the beginnings of this movement, until 1960. My thesis is divided in two major parts. The first is devoted to the context in which the Punjabi movement was born: linguistic policy of imposition of Urdu on the one hand, and linguistic movements born in reaction to the said policy on the other hand, in the other provinces of what was Pakistan before the secession of its eastern wing, as well as in Punjab. I have in this part presented the history of the Punjabi movement in undivided India (until 1947).The second part begins with a mapping of the intellectual field of Lahore, the political and intellectual capital of the Pakistani Punjab. In this field, I have identified three groups acting for the promotion of Punjabi, which I have called respectively Traditionalists, Marxists and Modernists. I have traced the history of each of these groups until 1960, presenting and analyzing its activities and literary output as well as its discourse and the social profile of its members and characterizing its strategy and impact
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Linden, Bob van der. "Tradition, rationality and social consciousness the Singh Sabha, Arya Samaj and Ahmadiyah moral languages from colonial Punjab /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/77478.

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Skov, Bjarne. "Mitt hjemland Panjab : verdier i urdulærebøker fra 1.-5. klasse i grunnskolen i Pakistan og rammebetingelser i det pakistanske skoleverket : hva er relevansen for Osloskolen? /." Oslo : Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/IKOS/2007/59612/Master-AAS-urdu-BjarneSkov.pdf.

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Shaffi-Mir, Surriya. "An evaluation of the principles of language learning, teaching and syllabus design towards a specification of a new English syllabus for intermediate level in the Punjab, Pakistan." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 1991. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/18596/.

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This dissertation explores why, even after nine years of studying the English language, graduates in the Punjab emerge with very deficient English. An examination of the currently prescribed syllabuses for the Secondary, Intermediate and Degree stages reveals that they are based on out-dated concepts of language teaching. They not only provide impoverished language content but fail to take into consideration the learners' actual needs. They are exclusively based on translation and 'dead language' techniques. Moreover, the examinations allow memorized answers to set questions which are repeated year after year. This dissertation examines the theoretical bases for a specification of a new syllabus. It considers the background of psychology, psycholinguistics, ELT theories and methodologies, and syllabus design, and attempts to develop a pragmatic approach toward the teaching of English in the Punjab. New syllabuses need to be proposed for all three stages of English language study. In this dissertation a proposed specification for the Intermediate stage is outlined, which, if adopted would function as a model for other stages. The specification is for a multi-dimensional syllabus, combining the benefits of both communicative and structuralist approaches, and taking full account of the needs of the particular learners involved and of the local context of education.
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Books on the topic "Punjabi language"

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Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture, ed. Punjabi literary treasure: Literary history of Punjabi language & literature. Lahore: Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture, 2018.

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Koul, Omkar N. Punjabi newspaper reader. Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press, 2007.

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Kaur, Nasibpal. Everday Punjabi: A functional course in everyday spoken Punjabi and a complete course in written Punjabi. Zennor: Weavers, 1988.

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1941-, Goswami Krishan Kumar, ed. Pañjābī-Aṅgrezī, Aṅgrezī-Pañjābī kosha =: Punjabi-English, English-Punjabi dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2002.

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author, Caṭhah ʻAjaib Singh, ed. Ustād Panjābī: Ustad Punjabi. Gujrāt: Varlḍ Panjābī Foram, 2006.

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Hares, W. P. An English-Punjabi dictionary. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1998.

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Bureau, Punjabi University Publication, ed. Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī Aṅgrezī-Pañjābī kosha =: Punjabi University English-Punjabi dictionary. 3rd ed. Paṭiālā: Pabalīkeshana Biūro, Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī, 1994.

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Bureau, Punjabi University Publication, ed. Punjabi University English-Punjabi dictionary =: Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī Aṅgrezī-Pañjābī kosha. 4th ed. Paṭiālā: Pabalīkeshana Biūro, Pañjābī Yūnīwarasiṭī, 1994.

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Bhatia, Tej K. Punjabi: A cognitive-descriptive grammar. London: Routledge, 1993.

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1958-, Madhu Bala, ed. Punjabi language and linguistics: An annotated bibliography. Patiala: Indian Institute of Language Studies, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Punjabi language"

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Vinod, T. R. "Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture." In Critical Discourse in Punjabi, 61–73. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003440628-11.

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Arun, Vidya Bhaskar. "Literary Development of Punjabi Language." In Critical Discourse in Punjabi, 31–36. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003440628-5.

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Padam, Pyara Singh. "The History of Punjabi Language." In Critical Discourse in Punjabi, 23–30. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003440628-4.

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Singh, Harjit, and Ashish Oberoi. "Query Relational Databases in Punjabi Language." In Computational Methods and Data Engineering, 343–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6876-3_26.

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Trehan, Kulveen. "Punjabi television in the global world." In Regional Language Television in India, 185–206. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270420-16.

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Gupta, Vishal, and Gurpreet Singh Lehal. "Preprocessing Phase of Punjabi Language Text Summarization." In Information Systems for Indian Languages, 250–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19403-0_43.

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Gupta, Vishal. "Automatic Stemming of Words for Punjabi Language." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 73–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04960-1_7.

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Kaur, Retinder, and Suresh Kaswan. "Conversion of Punjabi Sign Language Using Animation." In Rising Threats in Expert Applications and Solutions, 175–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1122-4_20.

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Garg, Kamal Deep, Vandana Mohindru Sood, Sushil Kumar Narang, and Rahul Bhandari. "Bidirectional Machine Translation for Punjabi-English, Punjabi-Hindi, and Hindi-English Language Pairs." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 621–32. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9876-8_47.

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Mittal, Swati, R. K. Sharma, and Parteek Bhatia. "Cascading Style Sheet Styling Issues in Punjabi Language." In Information Systems for Indian Languages, 242–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19403-0_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Punjabi language"

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Lata, Swaran, Prashant Verma, and Simerjeet Kaur. "Acoustic Characretistics of Schwa Vowel in Punjabi." In The 6th Intl. Workshop on Spoken Language Technologies for Under-Resourced Languages. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/sltu.2018-18.

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Kaur, Rajneet, and Williamjeet Singh. "Speech based Retrieval System for Punjabi Language." In 2018 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icssit.2018.8748597.

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Kaur, Amandeep, and Gurpreet Singh Josan. "Improved Named Entity Tagset for Punjabi Language." In 2014 Recent Advances in Engineering and Computational Sciences (RAECS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/raecs.2014.6799638.

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Kumar, Atul, and Shyam Agrawal. "Empirical Study of Speech Synthesis Markup Language and Its Implementation for Punjabi Language." In The 6th Intl. Workshop on Spoken Language Technologies for Under-Resourced Languages. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/sltu.2018-22.

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Kaur, Gurjit, Kamaldeep Kaur, and Parminder Singh. "Spell Checker for Punjabi Language Using Deep Neural Network." In 2019 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems (ICACCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccs.2019.8728369.

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Kaur, Pawandeep, and Amandeep Kaur. "Named entity recognition model for Punjabi language: A survey." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3i.2016.7919047.

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Kaur, Rupinderdeep, Sharma R.K., and Parteek Kumar. "Building a Text-to-Speech System for Punjabi Language." In 5th International Conference of Advanced Computer Science & Information Technology. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2017.70806.

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Singh, Jaspreet, and Kamaldeep Kaur. "Speech Enhancement for Punjabi Language Using Deep Neural Network." In 2019 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsc45622.2019.8938309.

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Garg, Kamal Deep, Manik Rakhra, Divya Gupta, and Vandana Mohindru Sood. "Study of Diverse Machine Translation Systems for Punjabi Language." In 2022 10th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrito56286.2022.9964595.

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Walia, Himdweep, Ajay Rana, and Vineet Kansal. "Word Sense Disambiguation: Supervised Program Interpretation Methodology for Punjabi Language." In 2018 7th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrito.2018.8748545.

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