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Journal articles on the topic 'Punjabi language'
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1
Kalwar, Tehmina, and Iqra Mahmood. "Attitudes of Punjabi Speakers towards their Mother Tongue in Dilawar, Punjab, Pakistan." Sukkur IBA Journal of Educational Sciences and Technologies 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjest.v2i1.1089.
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The study aimed to investigate attitudes (perceptions, feelings and thoughts) of educated and uneducated Punjabi speakers towards their native language. Researcher made use of quantitative method and the data was collected with the help of questionnaires, from the population of Dilawar, Punjab. Total number of participants were 100; 50 were educated and 50 were uneducated. Out of these 100, researcher had 50 male and 50 female participants. The data was analyzed though SPSS and it was seen that Punjabi speakers disown their mother tongue in Pakistan because it does not give them access to power and job opportunities etc. The negative attitudes of Punjabi speakers towards their language are the reason behind language shift of educated Punjabis Their reasons behind holding negative attitudes are quite instrumental as the state does not give prestigious status to Punjabi language when it comes to academics and jobs. In Pakistan, Punjabis are in the majority but, their language is not having any linguistic right. Therefore, this perception of Punjabis is right in a way that Punjabi is not a bread winning language.
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Chander, Harish, and KP Singh. "Frontline Publishers of Punjabi Language Books." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 40, no. 04 (July 29, 2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.40.04.15811.
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Publishing industry plays a vital role to spread knowledge. In modern days many local publishers are making knowledge available to the society through their native languages. Punjabi is one of the most popular languages of North Indian states. Many publishers from Punjab, Chandigarh, and Delhi are publishing books in Punjabi. The present study is attempted to provide the overview and analyse the growth and contribution of publishing books in Punjabi by various types of publishers for the decade 2004-2013. The study presents different categories of publishers with the number of books, major publishers of Punjabi books, the contribution of literary, government and academic institutions as publishers and geographical distribution of Punjabi books from Northern parts of India. The study reveals that most of the books have been published in Punjabi by commercial publishers. Punjab is the leading region to publish maximum books in Punjabi as compared to other states and ‘Lokgeet Prakashan’ is the top publisher among them all. This is the first study assessing book publishers of Punjabi books and a useful source of information for practitioners and academics interested in Punjabi language publications.
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Chohan, Muhammad Nadeem, and Maria Isabel Maldonado García. "Phonemic Comparison of English and Punjabi." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n4p347.
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English and Punjabi are languages which do not belong to the same families of languages. English is one of the West Germanic languages whereas; Punjabi is a part of the Indo-Aryan family. Punjabi is spoken by various nations on the globe, especially Pakistan and its province Punjab as well as in Indian Panjab. Both English and Punjabi manifest themselves through various dialects on the basis of diversified geographical areas. English is used as the first language by 379,007,140 speakers and further 753,359,540 speakers use it as a second language in more than 104 nations. So, the total speakers of English around the globe are 1,132,366,680 (Ethnologue, 2019). The importance of Punjabi cannot be denied being the 10th most widely used language on the globe (Ghai & Singh, 2013). According to Ethnologue (2019), the total number of Punjabi speakers is 125,326,840. In Pakistan, it is the language of the majority of the people residing in the most populous province of Pakistan, Punjab. It is among twenty-two languages that have obtained official status. Unfortunately, no considerable work has been done on its phonology. This study is an attempt to describe the phonemic differences between English and Punjabi by using the theoretical framework of the Levenshtein algorithm. The index of differences and similarities is determined through the inventories of both languages. The inventories are used as data in this research paper. The Levenshtein algorithm (Levenshtein, 1965) is used to analyse the inventories to calculate the ratio of differences and similarities. The outcome of the current research shows that both English and Punjabi have a phonemic similarity level of 56.25% whereas the index of difference is 43.75%.
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Kaur, Amanpreet, R. K. Garg, and Meenakshi Mahajan. "Comparison of Gurumukhi and Latin scripts in handwriting identification: A forensic perspective." Problems of Forensic Sciences, no. 125 (2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12307483pfs.20.001.14781.
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The present study has been carried out to study the possibility of handwriting comparison in cases where document under question is inscribed in different language and the available standards are in other language. The aspect is prevalent in the field of languages since people around the globe are being attracted to learn new languages, but their native language always has some impact on the next learned languages. Punjabi is the first language taught in the schools of Punjab and other languages afterward. Punjabi is the mother tongue of Punjab area and in contemporary times most of the population of Punjab leaning towards learning English language. For this study, 1200 samples in Punjabi and English from 100 individuals who studied English as well as Punjabi and using these languages on a daily basis were collected and analyzed. Class characteristics like alignment, slant, size, the arrangement of a piece of handwriting, connections, fluency line quality of handwriting along with the characters of letter form and formation were considered and the results were further analyzed statistically using Chi-square test. The results of the present study revealed the handwriting written in distinct scripts is similar and comparable with each other. Additionally, the study will help correlate a person’s handwriting with ethnicity, nationality, and region based on the characters present in the handwriting samples.
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Ahmed, Adeel, Yasar Iqbal, Sharjeel Ashraf, Sundus Gohar, and Sumaira Mukhtar. "Punjabi and its Future in Pakistan." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 3, no. 01 (August 23, 2021): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.030162.
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When the largest community of Pakistan, the Punjabis, are abandoning their language, this paper aims to explore the maximum range of factors upon which the speakers of this language, who are worried about its dismal scenario, can cater to hopes for the survival of their mother tongue. Factors such as the stigmatization of Punjabi as a foul language at many of our educational institutions and having a little number of academic careers and job opportunities in private and public sectors make the future of Punjabi in Pakistan very grim. However, the future of Punjabi is not asdismal as it is propagated. This article investigates the future of Punjabi in the opinion of professionals. The researcher conducted interviews, as data, from five heads of the Punjabi Departments at public sector universities. The participants point out various hurdles in Punjabi and its establishment/ acknowledgment as a national language. Still, at the same time, they point out factors that give strength to this language and upon which its disappointed speakers can pave ways for its spread at a national level. The findings show that the demise of Punjab is nothing more than a misleading rumor. Due to time constraints, the researcher collected data from 5 heads of departments. Furthermore, the topic can be explored by probing businessmen, parents, and laymen to get a wider perspective.
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Ahmed, Adeel, Yasar Iqbal, Sharjeel Ashraf, Sundus Gohar, and Sumaira Mukhtar. "Punjabi and its Future in Pakistan." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 3, no. 01 (August 23, 2021): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2021.030162.
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When the largest community of Pakistan, the Punjabis, are abandoning their language, this paper aims to explore the maximum range of factors upon which the speakers of this language, who are worried about its dismal scenario, can cater to hopes for the survival of their mother tongue. Factors such as the stigmatization of Punjabi as a foul language at many of our educational institutions and having a little number of academic careers and job opportunities in private and public sectors make the future of Punjabi in Pakistan very grim. However, the future of Punjabi is not asdismal as it is propagated. This article investigates the future of Punjabi in the opinion of professionals. The researcher conducted interviews, as data, from five heads of the Punjabi Departments at public sector universities. The participants point out various hurdles in Punjabi and its establishment/ acknowledgment as a national language. Still, at the same time, they point out factors that give strength to this language and upon which its disappointed speakers can pave ways for its spread at a national level. The findings show that the demise of Punjab is nothing more than a misleading rumor. Due to time constraints, the researcher collected data from 5 heads of departments. Furthermore, the topic can be explored by probing businessmen, parents, and laymen to get a wider perspective.
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Pasha, A. R., N. Abbas, and H. N. Ahmed. "Epenthesis: The Movement of the Urdu Alveolar-Fricative Sound into the Punjabi Palatal-Affricate Sound." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 9487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5295.
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Pakistan is a multilingual country where the Urdu language serves as lingua franca. Although Urdu is the national and official language of Pakistan, it bears the status of the second language (L2) in most of the regions due to the dominance of regional languages. The Punjabi language is the first language (L1) of the people of Punjab. This study intends to investigate the interlanguage influence and extralinguistic factors of phonological variants produced in the process of epenthesis of Punjabi palatal-affricate (/dʒ/) with the deletion of Urdu alveolar-fricative (/z/). The analysis of this study has been conducted using PRAAT software which proved that the native Punjabi speakers replace the /z/ sound with the /dʒ/ sound no matter if it occurs at the start, middle, or the end of a word. Moreover, this process of epenthesis is the result of the influence of the native language, i.e. Punjabi. The outcome of the analysis indicates that the gender and dwelling (urban or rural) of the participants have nothing to do with epenthesis. However, the education of the participants is the main reason for epenthesis.
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Alizai, Kinza. "A Case Study of Punjabi Language Diglossia and Language Shift in Baluchistan Province." Pedagogika Społeczna Nova 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/psn.2021.2.10.
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Language shift is a social phenomenon where one language substitutes another. In the social phe- nomenon of language attrition strong reasons are needed to enable the action such as environmental, social, political, economical and geographical changes. Proposed study detects Language Shift of Pun- jabi speech community which is the permanent settler of the Baluchistan province. Punjabi speakers, also being to a minority ethnic community are disinclined to articulate/accept their linguistic, ethnic and geographic identity. By this vein, the study aims to explore the social as well as political factors that are the pavestones for this linguistic and ethnic shift of Punjabi speakers. The study is qualitative in nature as the data was collected via semi-structured interview. The data is collected form 25 interviewees by executing the purposeful sampling means. The recorded interviews were transcribed and assigned codes by applying the technique of thematic analysis. The results have shown that the local communi- ties, other than Punjabi (e.g., Pushto, Balochi and Brahui) have negative attitudes for Punjabi language due to various historical, political events such as Army operations and state prejudice in which Punjab and federal government played key role. As a result, Punjabi language suffered the badly and expe- rienced a drastic linguistic drop. Regardless of age, whole speech community is weighed down with a causal danger and threat of being labeled and stigmatized in general arena. Social bigotry and intol- erance of Baluchistan’s local speech communities towards the Punjabi speech community resulted in language shift/attrition or less fluent speakers of Punjabi language.
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Rasheed, Muhammad, and Jamil Ahmad. "سائنس اور اسلام کے تعلق پر مذہبی فکرکی تنقیح :برصغیر کے مسلم متکلمین کی آراء کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ." مجلہ اسلامی فکر و تہذیب 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/mift.32.07.
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The geographical ceremonies of Punjabi and Arabic cultures are not hidden from anyone. These two civilizations had been in close relationship in the past and even in the present day there are deep values among them. The economic and trade relations of these two regions also exist for centuries. The love of the people of Punjab for the Arabic language, the Arabic writings of Punjabi scholars and the Arabic poetry of the scholars belonging to this region also played an important role in creating the appreciation of this region in the hearts of the Arabs. It is clear from the research that in modern time, Arabic civilization has also been influenced by Punjabi civilization. Arabs are not only aware of Punjabi scholars but also appreciate them. In this article, the linguistic relations of Punjabi and Arabic languages have been made a topic and attention has been drawn to the fact that these two languages and these two civilizations are not alien to each other.
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Awais Sarwar, Muhammad. "The عربی اور پنجابی کا لسانی تعلق: تاثیر اور تاثر کے آئینے میں." مجلہ اسلامی فکر و تہذیب 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/mift.32.06.
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The geographical ceremonies of Punjabi and Arabic cultures are not hidden from anyone. These two civilizations had been in close relationship in the past and even in the present day there are deep values among them. The economic and trade relations of these two regions also exist for centuries. The love of the people of Punjab for the Arabic language, the Arabic writings of Punjabi scholars and the Arabic poetry of the scholars belonging to this region also played an important role in creating the appreciation of this region in the hearts of the Arabs. It is clear from the research that in modern time, Arabic civilization has also been influenced by Punjabi civilization. Arabs are not only aware of Punjabi scholars but also appreciate them. In this article, the linguistic relations of Punjabi and Arabic languages have been made a topic and attention has been drawn to the fact that these two languages and these two civilizations are not alien to each other.
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Haidar, Sham, Tehreem Wali, Tehreem Tahir, and Mehwish Parveen. "“I Am Not Punjabi, My Parents Are”: Degradation of the Language of Dominant Majority." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 11, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.11.2.101-127.
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Due to social and geographical mobility and globalization, many minority languages in the world are pushed to the periphery. Reasons for such a trend differ among languages. In the case of the Punjabi language, despite being spoken by a major portion of the population, the speakers are gradually disowning it. Considering this gradual shift, the present study explores the predicament of the Punjabi language. The study uses phenomenological design and collects data from Punjabi ethnic students in four different universities in Islamabad. The study uses semi-structured interviews, TV shows, and natural conversations. Findings reveal that the Punjabi speakers themselves disown their language as well as Punjabi identity due to social, economic, religious, and political reasons. Especially women avoid the language more, they do not speak Punjabi with their children, and they reject their Punjabi identity.
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Amanat, Asma, Ashiq Hussain, and Muhammad Usman Tariq. "MAJOR INFLUENCING FACTORS IN THE LEARNING OF SARAIKI, PUNJABI, URDU, AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES IN THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.323.
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Learning a new language is tricky, challenging, annoying, and sometimes just downright difficult. Languages play a vital role in the development of a nation and are also significant in their way. Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki, and English languages are the most spoken languages in the Punjab, Pakistan and at the Higher Education level, students also learn these languages. The aim and objective of this paper are to explore the major factors influencing the learning of Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki, and English; and finally, their influence on the whole procedure of language knowledge. In this paper, a language learning model for the learning of Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki, and English was prepared, the study applied a mentalist and quantitative approach by using a questionnaire. A survey was designed keeping in view literature and based on experts' opinions. Nine very important hypotheses were developed that affect the learning of languages. The sample size of the data was 168, IBM SPSS and SmartPLS tools were used for reliability and validity, descriptive, T-test, and Regression analysis. Results show that 82.7% of participants stated that Country of residence is the major factor in the learning of language followed by Prior Linguistic Knowledge and Age has the same value i.e., 80.95%. Keywords: Influencing factors, Comparison Study, Linguistic, SPSS, SmartPLS
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NAZIR, Barirah, Umair AFTAB, and Ammara SAEED. "Language Shift – The Case of Punjabi in Sargodha Region of Pakistan." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 3, no. 2 (December 9, 2013): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.3.2.41-60.
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This paper examines the linguistic scenario of Punjabi (second major language in Pakistan after Urdu) in Sargodha and the social mechanism which poses threat to the sustainability of Punjabi on a broader scale. It deals with the attitudes, causes and effects of the language shift from Punjabi to other languages due to prestige, modernity and social mobility issues. Triangulation (Questionnaires from n=80 and In-depth interviews from n=3) was used in order to observe the trends of shift. The findings exhibit that Punjabi speakers are not so loyal to their language, Punjabi language shift is a real not perceived phenomenon and a day may not be far away when Punjabi will be considered endangered language in Pakistan.
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Ali Raza Siddique, Muhammad Ahmad, and Dr. Muhammad Asim Mahmood. "Identification of Boosters as Metadiscourse across Punjabi and Urdu Languages: A Machine Translation Approach." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(208-222).
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Boosters are said to function appropriately as metadiscourse features across languages. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the functions and appropriateness of the metadiscourse features across Punjabi and Urdu languages. For this purpose, a list of 79 boosters (as metadiscourse features) was considered that (boosters) were first transliterated across Punjabi and Urdu languages employing a machine translation process. Punjabi translation was carried through ‘Akhar’ (a software), and Punjabi corpus (a tool). Whereas Urdu translation was realized through online Urdu thesaurus, and ‘ijunoon’ (an online dictionary). Machine transliteration was followed by manual cleansing of Punjabi and Urdu translated wordlists that helped identify boosters in the corpora. Appropriateness of the identified boosters was then realized through expert opinion and Punjabi corpus (for the Punjabi language), and expert opinion, online Urdu thesaurus, and Urdu WordNet (for the Urdu language). This process further guided about how to; make wordlists, filter as well as verify translated words, and offer interactional and interactive metadiscourse categories across Punjabi and Urdu languages.
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Arslan, Muhammad Farukh, Asim Mahmood, and Hira Haroon. "HIGHLIGHTING THE SOUND SHIFT IN PUNJABI LANGUAGE: A CORPUS-BASED DESCRIPTIVE STUDY." Linguistic Forum - A Journal of Linguistics 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53057/linfo/2021.3.1.1.
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Punjabi language is most widely spoken language of Pakistan (Abbas, Chohan, Ahmed, & Kaleem, 2016). Punjabi is under developed language because of which, upcoming generations are shifting to other technically and digitally developed languages such as Urdu and English. In result of which, the sound shift is being observed in Punjabi language. Sounds which used to be present in the past in Punjabi language are found missing now. This leads to a problematic situation that this sound shift may result in language extinction and sound loss. This study is about the sound change and it has been studied in Punjabi language. On the basis of observation of speech in surrounding, researcher made a hypothesis that those speakers of Punjabi language who acquired Punjabi as L1 are able to produce few distinctive sounds that are not produced by the speakers who acquired Urdu as a mother tongue. For this purpose, a corpus of 2 million words was collected and the words including the sounds |n|ن and |l| ل were particularly shortlisted from the corpus. The speakers from both origins were asked to pronounce these words, the hypothesis was proved and, in result, variations in the pronunciation of sounds were observed. Sociolinguists and Phonologists need to heed on this issue to save Punjabi language from extinction.
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Hussain, Dr Bilal, and Dr Muntazar Mehdi Mehdi. "A Comparative Study of Punjabi and English Open-Ended Syntactic Constructions Through the Revised Extended Standard Transformational Generative Theory." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 5, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2023.0503192.
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Punjabi is one of the major languages spoken in Pakistan, India, and many other parts of the world. Despite its popularity, Punjabi has not been studied and explored extensively, especially with respect to its syntax. In this study, the open-ended syntactic constructions of Punjabi were looked at using the revised extended standard transformational (REST) generative theory. This was done to find out how the surface structures of open-ended interrogative syntactic constructions in Punjabi are made from their deep structures. Subsequently, the Punjabi constructions are compared to their English counterparts with respect to REST to figure out syntactic similarities and dissimilarities between the open-ended syntactic constructions of both languages. The data for this qualitative study has been taken from a ‘Punjabi book, Descriptive Grammars by Bhatia (2013). The selected data has been analyzed through X-bar tree diagrams. The exploratory research design has been used to conduct this study. The findings of this study reveal that Punjabi and English are syntactically distinct languages. Punjabi is an in-situ language since the question words do not move to generate surface structures, while English is an ex-situ language as the question words move to form surface structures through the transformational rules of ‘Wh’ movement and operator movement. Also, English uses dummy auxiliaries, whereas no such dummies are used in Punjabi. Finally, Punjabi interrogative constructions have reduplication features, unlike English open-ended constructions. The syntactic disparities between these two languages have implications for SOV language learners who aspire to learn English and for those enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs.
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Rani, Sumita, and Dr Vijay Luxmi. "Direct Machine Translation System from Punjabi to Hindi for Newspapers headlines Domain." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v8i3.3402.
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Machine Translation System is an important area in Natural Language Processing. The Direct MT system is based upon the utilization of syntactic and vocabulary similarities between more or few related natural languages. The relation between two or more languages is based upon their common parent language. The similarity between Punjabi and Hindi languages is due to their parent language Sanskrit. Punjabi and Hindi are closely related languages with lots of similarities in syntax and vocabulary. In the present paper, Direct Machine Translation System from Punjabi to Hindi has been developed and its output is evaluated in order to get the suitability of the system.
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Dr. Aasma Rani, Dr. Aqsa Naseem Sindhu, and Dr. Sadaf Naqvi. "MUTUAL TRANSLATIONS OF URDU AND PUNJABI." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 01 (June 30, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i01.91.
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Human being uses language to convey their messages, emotions, feelings, observations and experiences to others. For this, language was used as spoken and written language, and different languages came into existence due to geographical boundaries and linguistic groups. And for those who know one language, commonly it is not possible to know another language. Human emotions and feelings are expressed in one language in speech or writing which the other language knower is generally unable to understand. Thus there was a need to translate this expression into another language which was called Translation. This Tradition of translation is also found in the Urdu language, Urdu is also influenced by international and regional languages and it has also had its effects on these languages that are why there is a wide and coherent series of translations of international literature into Urdu and Urdu literature into foreign languages. On the other hand, there is a strong tradition of Urdu translations of regional languages such as Sindhi, Seraiki, Pashto, Balouchi, Brahui and Punjabi literature, and a well-built tradition of translation from Urdu literature into these regional languages. In this article, we will discuss the tradition and importance of Urdu to Punjabi and Punjabi to Urdu translations.
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Kausar, Hamida, Hafiz Muhammad Faiz, and Ayaz Ahmad Rind. "11-Analytical Study of the Saraiki Language and Literature in Pakistan since Through Ages." International Research Journal of Education and Innovation 2, no. 2 (September 20, 2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/irjei.11-v2.2(21)109-115.
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Historically, Saraiki is recognized one of the ancient regional language of central Pakistan at present. In the past it was spoken with different names in Indus civilization since two thousands BC. It’s not spoken in south Punjab but it is one of the common domestic languages of Sindh, eastern Balochistan and southern KPK. Saraiki travelled a journey of evolution from centuries as Riasti, Jataki, Jatki, Multani, Jagdali, Jhangi and Shahpuri etc. The scholars especially the orientalists are agreed to accept it as a different language in Punjab than Punjab. Therefore, it is not correct that it is called to be a dialect of Punjabi or any other well-known languages. The three main divisions of south Punjab Dera Ghazi Khan, Multan and Bahawalpur are its hub where the Saraiki language nourished and its evolution recorded. This paper primarily explores and highlights the evolution of Saraiki language as the major language of southern Punjab and its surrounding provinces through ages.
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Klein, Wendy. "Speaking Punjabi(s): Heritage Language Socialization and Language Ideologies in a Sikh Education Program." Heritage Language Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.10.1.3.
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This ethnographic study of a Punjabi Sikh religious education program in the United States examines how different linguistic codes that constitute Punjabi heritage languages are tied to Sikh notions of moral personhood and ethno-religious community. This article analyzes two distinct activities: Gurbani (prayer recitation) and Sikh youth discussion classes. In Gurbani classes, children and youth are taught to perform verses from Sikh scriptures, which are written in an archaic form of Punjabi. Students are also socialized into prosodic and embodied features of prayer recitation that display respect and devotion to the scripture. While Gurbani classesorient students to the use of archaic Punjabi through spiritual practice, teachers in Sikh youth discussion classes discursively construct the everyday use of modern Punjabi as a moral imperative for the preservation and transmission of Sikh religion and culture in the future. Students articulate diverse perspectives on the importance of speaking Punjabi, and the question of who is responsible for language maintenance is debated. Together the analyses of the prayer classes and discussion classes reveal a view of heritage language as moral action that represents and socializes transnational and generational continuity and ethno-religious identification.
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Mahnoor Ikram, Aiman Shahbaz, and Muhammad Shoaib Tahir. "A Comparison of Urdu and Punjabi First language Interference on English as Second Language." Panacea Journal of Linguistics & Literature 2, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.59075/pjll.v2i2.346.
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This study examines errors in ESL students focusing on those who speak Urdu and Punjabi as their first languages. It uses Optimality Theory (OT) as a framework to explore the interaction between markedness and faithfulness constraints within OT. The study employs a mixed methods approach, including surveys and audio recordings from 30 participants (15 Urdu speakers and 15 Punjabi speakers). Three phonological factors are investigated; stress patterns, pronunciation of interdental /th/ and differentiation between bilabial /w/ and labiodental /v/. The data analysis, presented through bar graphs and interpreted using OT reveals nuanced patterns of errors. Notably Punjabi L1 speakers demonstrate a frequency of mistakes suggesting impact from their first language. This research significantly contributes to understanding the dynamics of language interference by shedding light on how phonological differences, among Urdu, Punjabi and English influence specific pronunciation errors. The findings hold educational ramifications for ESL teachers looking to upgrade language instructions custom-made to the phonological backgrounds of their students.
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Kaur, Harmanjeet, and Preetpal Kaur Buttar. "A RULE-BASED STEMMER FOR PUNJABI ADJECTIVES." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 11, no. 6 (December 20, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v11i6.6665.
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This research work is concerned with the development of a rule-based stemmer for stemming of adjectives in the Punjabi language. Stemming is a method of deriving the root word from the inflected word. The proposed Punjabi Adjective Stemmer (PAS) uses a rule-based approach for converting the inflected Punjabi adjectives to their root forms. A database containing valid root adjectives occurring in the Punjabi language has been created. This database stores 1,762 Punjabi root adjectives. When an adjective word is fed to PAS as an input, first it compares the input word with the root database to determine whether the input adjective is a root adjective or an inflected one. If the input adjective is a root adjective, then no stemming is required and the input adjective is returned as the output. Otherwise, the inflected input adjective is sent to the suffix-stripping algorithm to get the corresponding root adjective. The suffix-stripping algorithm uses a set of predefined rules. India is a linguistically rich country with 22 languages recognized officially. But the computational resources developed for these languages are very scarce. Most of the stemmers developed for Punjabi language so far concentrated on nouns and proper names. PAS is the only stemmer developed so far for specifically addressing the problem of stemming of Punjabi adjectives. PAS has an overall accuracy of 88.76%.
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Kumar, Parteek, and Rajendra Kumar Sharma. "Punjabi DeConverter for generating Punjabi from Universal Networking Language." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C 14, no. 3 (March 2013): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.c1200061.
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Bochkovskaya, Anna V. "Balbir Madhopuri. Ātaṅk aur jātivādī ḍaṅk / Terror and Casteism Sting (Сhapters from Chāṅgiā rukh / Against the Night)." Oriental Courier, no. 1 (2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021384-0.
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The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s (Pic. 1, 2, 3). Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. This novel brought him a prestigious international award for excellence in Punjabi fiction, the Dhahan Prize, in 2021. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The first of the two translated chapters, Dillī ke lie ravāngī (Departure for Delhi [Madhopuri, 2010], describes the atmosphere of the 1980s — the times of an undeclared terrorist war in Punjab when Sikh secessionists struggled for establishing an independent Khalistan state in India. Looting, raping, killing, setting off bombs in buses and trains, and taking civilian hostages became a sad reality that forced many Punjabis to leave their homes forever. In the final chapter of the book, Kirāyedārī kī lānat (Being a Tenant), Balbir Madhopuri reflects on the issues of social oppression and caste inequality that remain in the contemporary society and tells readers about the most difficult initial period of his life in India’s cosmopolitan capital.
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Dr. Shazia Razzaq and Shabeena Ramzan. "Effects Of Punjabi Language On Nasir Shahzad’s Poetry." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v5i1.159.
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All time famous poet Nasir Shahzad, has distinct voice and style in literature. He is well known trend setter poet. His unique style of writing gives him more importance in literature. He wrote about love, nature, globalization and nostalgia in such a polite way. Due to his connection with Punjab, his speech mentions the love of soil and the beauty of nature. This article is an attempt to describe effects of Punjabi language on Nasir Sahzad’s poetry
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Qayyum, Salma, Samina Qayyum, and Najma Qayyum. "Urdu, Punjabi & Pothwari: Striking Similarities & Uniqueness of the Three Indo-Aryan Languages." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).41.
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Urdu, Punjabi and Pothwari are the three most widely spoken languages in Pakistan and India. Historical invasions and colonization resulted in the dispersal of the local population, causing numerous dialects of each language. There are different theories and myths about the historical connection of these languages. One such theory says that Pothwari is a variant of the Punjabi language. This might be due to the perception that Pothwari has so far been unable to claim the status of an independent language and thus, has a subordinated, relegated or inferior social status. The main reason behind this might be the folk linguistic perceptions that connect this great Oriental language with the uneducated and the unrefined. Though Urdu, Punjabi and Pothwari have sprung from the same ancestral source, they have developed uniquely over centuries. This article explores how the shared features between these three languages have diverged over time, causing great linguistic diversification
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Kaur, Sheena, Gurcharan Singh Bishen Singh, Maya Khemlani David, Thilagavathi Shanmuganathan,, and Francisco Dumanig. "Language Choice among the Punjabi Sikh Community in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia." IARS' International Research Journal 12, no. 01 (February 28, 2022): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v12i01.2022.188.
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When a minority group interacts and comes into contact with individuals from the dominant language, they tend to choose a commonly understood language. Language choice is forced to negotiate their own identity and cultural practices with their dominant culture. This can create a conflict, as in the case of the Punjabi community, who try to adopt new cultural norms and maintain their own identity when living in a dominant cultural group. With the growing number of Punjabis in Sabah, specifically in the capital city of Kota Kinabalu, East Malaysia, this situation presents an excellent case for advancing our knowledge about the challenges that the process of assimilation and enculturation may have on the Punjabi community living in a society which predominantly is of a different culture in Sabah. This study thus addresses the impact of social integration among a small population of the Punjabi Sikhs living in Kota Kinabalu. Data is collected using a questionnaire and interviews with several community members. The study draws implications on how a minority group adapts to the dominant culture and provides possible avenues for future research.
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Sajdi, Faqeer Jan. "Socioeconomic Factors and Language Variation in Punjabi Speech Communities." Spry Journal of Literature and Linguistics 1, no. 2 (July 2023): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.62681/sprypublishers.sjll/1/2/2.
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Introduction: The social structures and linguistic diversity of Pakistan have garnered global attention. The intricate relationship between these factors arises from the coexistence of multiple languages, each intricately tied to specific social strata. Social status often correlates with language use: English is favored by the elite and upper class, while Urdu is more prevalent among the middle class. Regional languages are commonly employed by rural residents and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Despite these variations, Pakistani society maintains a delicate balance between social stratification and linguistic richness, resulting in a culturally diverse environment. Methodology: This research explores the complex correlation between dialect variations and language attitudes within the district of Punjab, Pakistan. With its intriguing history and rich heritage, Punjab is the country's most populous and culturally diverse region? Its inhabitants represent diverse ethnic, linguistic, and religious backgrounds, making it an ideal setting for studying language attitudes. By examining dialect variation, we seek to enhance our understanding of its influence on language attitudes and its impact on the linguistic landscape of Punjab. To achieve our objectives, we employ a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data analysis will comprehensively examine various dialectal features, while qualitative inquiry will elucidate community members' perceptions of these variations. Integrating these two methodologies allows us to unravel the dynamics of dialectal variation in the region. Results/Findings: Researchers comprehensively evaluated the vast variety of Punjabi dialects spoken in both urban and rural parts of Punjab. Data gathering involved surveys, interviews, and sociolinguistic observations. The results revealed an intricate configuration of dialect diversity shaped by urbanization, socioeconomic standing, and educational attainment. Additionally, the study explored the influence of other regional dialects on society, emphasizing language's role in shaping individual and group identities. Future Direction: The research emphasized the importance of language in influencing identity by examining how specific dialects are perceived in connection with linguistic prestige and social standing. Furthermore, the influence of social institutions news channels, educational institutions, and dialect diversity on linguistic perspectives and attitudes was observed. This study conducted an exhaustive examination of the intricate linguistic terrain of Punjab, Pakistan. The findings shed light on language policy and social identity implications, providing valuable insights for policymakers and researchers. Considering the impact of language policies, further exploration is needed to determine how they can facilitate or impede the spread of dialects. Understanding these dynamics will contribute to informed decisions regarding language preservation and propagation in Punjab.
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Duncan, D. M., D. A. Gibbs, N. S. Noor, and H. M. Whittaker. "Bilingual Acquisition of L1 Punjabi and L2 English by Sandwell Primary School Children." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 70 (January 1, 1985): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.70.01dun.
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ABSTRACT Diagnostic Expressive Language (Syntax) Tests of L1 Punjabi and L2 English were devised by a joint Health and Education Department team and administered to 99 Punjabi-speaking sub-jects after 5, 8 and 11 Terms of School in England. Their scores were analysed on a two-dimensional matrix by error analysis to form profiles of their behaviour in the two lanÂguages. Both L1 Punjabi and L2 English were seen to develop with age, the former showing a spurt between 8 and 11 Terms (7 1/2 to 8 1/2 years) and the latter reflecting a steady acquisition. Language 'transfer' of certain features where the formal and developmental axes of the two languages converge was seen to take place from English to Punjabi but not conÂversely
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Hussain, Qandeel, Michael Proctor, Mark Harvey, and Katherine Demuth. "Punjabi (Lyallpuri variety)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100319000021.
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Punjabi (Western, ISO-639-3 pnb) is an Indo-Aryan language (Indo-European, Indo-Iranian) spoken in Pakistan and India, and in immigrant communities in the UK, Canada, USA, and elsewhere. In terms of number of native speakers, it is ranked 10th among the world’s languages, with more than 100 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016). Aspects of the phonology of different varieties of Punjabi have been described in Jain (1934), Arun (1961), Gill & Gleason (1962), Singh (1971), Dulai & Koul (1980), Bhatia (1993), Malik (1995), Shackle (2003), and Dhillon (2010). Much of this literature is focused on Eastern varieties, and the phonology of Western Punjabi dialects has received relatively less attention (e.g. Bahri 1962, Baart 2003, 2014).
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Visvanathan, Deepa. "THE ATTITUDE OF MOTHERS IN REVITALIZING PUNJABI LANGUAGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE PUNJABI COMMUNITY IN MANJUNG DISTRICT, PERAK." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 4, no. 15 (September 7, 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.415003.
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Punjabi is a small minority community in Malaysia among the approximately two million Indians in Malaysia. Punjabi people remain distinct from other people of Indian origins because of their religious beliefs and a strong sense of community. In the context of Malaysia, studies about the Punjabi community have not been encouraging and very minimal. As the Punjabi in Malaysia becomes more educated, the Punjabi community, which has long been undergoing a gradual shift into modern Malaysian society, and less emphasis is being placed on the ability to read and write Punjabi. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of the language use patterns and language attitudes of Malaysian Punjabi mothers with the presence of their children. Specifically, the objective is to shed light on the importance of promoting Punjabi in the home domain by investigating whether the education and attitude of the mothers bring on the value of speaking the Punjabi language to their children in the home domain. A total of 11 respondents aged between 25 and 44 with children at or within the age of 6 were interviewed. One of the most significant findings of this study is the mismatch between language attitudes and actual language use by mothers with their children. The awareness exists in the mothers that Punjabi is important to their children to communicate with old age people and the Punjabi language is being used to do their prayers and to read their holy book. However, this positive attitude towards the language is not reflected in their language use and choice regardless of their education level. English dominated in most instances and most of the mothers claimed to be more comfortable speaking to their children in English.
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Ghai, Wiqas, and Navdeep Singh. "Phone based acoustic modeling for automatic speech recognition for Punjabi language." Journal of Speech Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v3i1.15040.
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Punjabi language is a tonal language belonging to an Indo-Aryan language family and has a number of speakers all around the world. Punjabi language has gained acceptability in the media & communication and therefore deserves to have a place in the growing field of automatic speech recognition which has been explored already for a number of other Indian and foreign languages successfully. Some work has been done in the field of isolated word speech recognition for Punjabi language, but only using whole word based acoustic models. A phone based approach has yet to be applied for Punjabi language speech recognition. This paper describes an automatic speech recognizer that recognizes isolated word speech and connected word speech using a triphone based acoustic model on the HTK 3.4.1 speech Engine and compares the performance with acoustic whole word model based ASR system. Word recognition accuracy of isolated word speech was 92.05% for acoustic whole word model based system and 97.14% for acoustic triphone model based system whereas word recognition accuracy of connected word speech was 87.75% for acoustic whole word model based system and 91.62% for acoustic triphone model based system.
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Madhopuri, Balbir. "Tikḍe šīše kī vyathā / The Tale of the Cracked Mirror (A Сhapter from Chāṅgiā rukh / Against the Night)." Oriental Courier, no. 3-4 (2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310018011-0.
Full textAbstract:
The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books, including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The chapter Tikḍe šīše kī vyathā (The Tale of the Cracked Mirror [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about the everyday life of Madhopur, complicated relationships between the village inhabitants, as well as about the destinies of low-caste Punjabis. Memories of joys and sorrows, hopes and fears of the childhood years go side by side with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that remain in contemporary India’s society.
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Kamaldeep Kaur and Vishal Gupta. "Topic Tracking for Punjabi Language." Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal 1, no. 3 (August 30, 2011): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/cseij.2011.1304.
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Dr. Muhammad Gulfraz Abbasi, Dr. Zafar Iqbal Khattak, and Dr. Yasir Arafat. "Pahari Distinctiveness without Pahari Language: A Study of Language Attitudes of the Pahari Community." sjesr 4, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss2-2021(325-332).
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Pahari language spoken in Murree and its suburbs is in contact with Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. It is also in contact with Punjabi and English. The present study explores the views and attitudes of the Pahari speaking community regarding the Pahari identity and culture vis-à-vis languages like Pahari, Punjabi, Urdu, and English. The study is ethnographic and is based on detailed observation and in-depth interviews of a sample of 91 people belonging to three generations. The study concludes that Pahari speaking community especially the Abbasi tribe, on the whole, claims to protect their culture and identity but gradually each new generation is hesitant in continuing Pahari as the symbol of their identity. As a result, language is, to a great extent, shifting towards Urdu. On a minor level, its shift to English and Punjabi cannot be ignored. The paper also explores certain reasons latent behind this kind of attitude.
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Aqeel, Muhammad, and Muhammad Sabboor Hussain. "Challenges for Multilingual Writers in Pakistan: Issues and Implications of Linguistic Diversity and Complex Language Landscape." Summer 2023 VIII, no. III (September 30, 2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(viii-iii).03.
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Pakistan’s multilingual linguistic diversity is shaped by its colonial past and post-independence history. After gaining independence, Pakistan's major languages were Urdu, English, Punjabi, and Saraiki. However, multiple languages have posed challenges for multilingual writers. One of them is the lack of a standardized orthography for regional languages, making it difficult for writers to produce texts in their native languages. The prevalence of Urdu and English has resulted in a language hierarchy where these languages are seen as superior to regional languages. In the face of these challenges, the establishment of language authorities, such as the National Language Authority and the Punjab Institute of Language, Art and Culture, aim to promote and standardize regional languages. Efforts are being made towards the betterment of these writers. Promoting and standardizing regional languages and recognizing multilingualism as an asset can contribute to a more inclusive and representative society in Pakistan.
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Naqvi, Nosheen, Mubashar Nadeem, and Abdul Rahman. "Inter-generational Attitudinal Shift towards English from Punjabi Language: A Sociolinguistic Study of Lahore, Pakistan." Global Sociological Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2021(vi-i).08.
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The survey study investigates the intergenerational attitudinal shift towards English from the Punjabi language with a focus on three generations (male and female) population of Lahore ageing 55 years and above, 35 to 54 and 15 to 34. A twenty-five questions questionnaire was administered on randomly selected sixty subjects for the quantitative data analyzed qualitatively. The numerical analysis was carried out to see the intergenerational shift towards English from the Punjabi language. For this purpose, the regression and ANOVA are conducted in SPSS (Statistical Software). The results reflect that the Punjabi language, though rich in literature and history, does not find a status that is enjoyed by English or Urdu. Hence the study recommends that to save the Punjabi language from social death; it may be taught as a language at schools so that the coming generations may enjoy speaking, reading and writing of Punjabi language as a living language like others.
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Murphy, Anne. "Remembering against sentimentality: Partition’s literary shadows in the work of Najm Hosain Syed." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 57, no. 3 (September 2022): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219894221115907.
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Although Punjabi is written in two different scripts in India and Pakistan, there are striking parallels between the literary work in Punjabi produced on both sides of the India and Pakistan border that divides Punjab. Modern Punjabi literary works on both sides of the border express a generally progressive ( pragatīvādī, taraqqi pasand) set of political and social commitments; this is in keeping with the broader history of modern vernacular literary production in South Asia (Gopal, 2005). This essay explores further dimensions of the parallel literary commitments on both sides of the border, read against the legacy of the Partition, though a close reading of the works of Najm Hosain Syed (b. 1936), a leading writer in the Punjabi language advocacy movement in Pakistan. This exploration seeks to analyze the ways the Partition is configured in Syed’s work, and how he works to bring the past into the present — and the present into the past — against a kind of sentimental nostalgia that disengages from the political present.
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Jain, Arti, Divakar Yadav, and Anuja Arora. "Particle Swarm Optimization for Punjabi Text Summarization." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.20210701.oa1.
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Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to deal with text summarization for the Punjabi language. PSO is based on intelligence that predicts among a given set of solutions which is the best solution. The search is carried out by extremely high-speed particles. It updates particle position and velocity at the end of iteration so that during the development of generations, the personal best solution and global best solution are updated. Calculation within PSO is performed using fitness function which looks into various statistical and linguistic features of the Punjabi datasets. Two Punjabi datasets—monolingual Punjabi corpus from Indian Languages Corpora Initiative Phase-II and Punjabi-Hindi parallel corpus—are considered. The parallel corpus comprises 1,000 Punjabi sentences from the tourism domain while monolingual corpus contains 30,000 Punjabi sentences of the general domain. ROUGE measures evaluate summary where the highest measure, ROUGE-1, is achieved for parallel corpus with precision, recall, and F-measure as 0.7836, 0.7957, and 0.7896, respectively.
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Kamran, Umaima, and Samra Saghir. "Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax Interfaces in Pakistani Languages." Global Language Review IV, no. I (June 30, 2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2019(iv-i).05.
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This paper is about language variation i.e. lexical variation caused by the interfaces of Phonology, Morphology and Syntax in Pakistani languages. According to Shackle (2014) Urdu, Punjabi and Seraiki languages belong to the Indo-Aryan language family. However, there are found many lexical differences significant enough to make these languages quite different from one another. The study focuses on these lexical variations based on three types of interfaces, i.e. Phonology/Morphology, Phonology/Syntax, and Morphology/Syntax. The data has been collected from the native speakers of Urdu, Punjabi, and Seraiki. The analysis of the data includes finding out the three types of interfaces, making derivations and notations (Chomsky and Halle; 1968), and formulating the rules. Then a comparison of all these rules and lexical variations have been discussed. Results have shown that these interfaces play an important role to cause lexical variation among Urdu, Punjabi and Seraiki; the languages with common ancestry
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Asghar, Sana. "Loss of Meanings of Cultural Metaphors in Translation: An Analysis of Translated Bulleh Shah’s Punjabi Poetry." University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature 5, no. II (December 30, 2021): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iii.330.
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Language encompasses the whole native culture and social norms and traditions but the translation from one language to another changes the context and sometimes meanings as well. The translators feel difficulties in finding word equivalences. Sometimes the equivalence of the words of one culture does not exist in the other culture which creates difficulties in translation to convey the complete message. There are so many issues while translating the Punjabi language into English. There are so many metaphors in Punjabi which do not have word equivalence in the English language. The research project aimed to trace out the loss of the meanings and context while translating Punjabi poetry into English. Many Punjabi Sufi writers have projected the colors of Punjabi in different forms and contexts but Bulleh Shah has a very unique style. Two poems of Bulleh Shah translated by Taufiq Rafat were under examination. This was purely qualitative research where data has been collected from books, libraries, and research journals. Textual analysis has been used as a research method to analyze the data. The findings revealed that Punjabi poetry has distinct metaphors that represent Punjabi culture, but when translated into English the original meaning is lost.
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Bochkovskaya, Anna V. "BALBIR MADHOPURI. KÃTĪLĪ RĀHÕ KE RĀHĪ / THE THORNY PATH (CHAPTER FROM CHĀNGIĀ RUKH / AGAINST THE NIGHT)." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (14) (2020): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-233-246.
Full textAbstract:
The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books including three volumes of poetry, translated 35 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 42 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. Narrating the story, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts and emotions from early days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation and injustice. The chapter Kãṭīlī rāhõ ke rāhī (The Thorny Path [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about the destiny of low-caste Punjabis as well as about village traditions and rituals featuring Hindu, Sikh and Muslim beliefs deeply intertwined in the Land of Five Rivers. Memories of childhood joys and sorrows go side by side with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that still remain in contemporary India’s society. This commented translation is the final one in a series of four chapters from Balbir Madhopuri’s autobiography scheduled for publication in this journal in 2020.
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Kirk, Gwendolyn. "Karachi weds Lahore." Pragmatics and Society 8, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.8.1.02kir.
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Abstract This paper investigates the mixing of Urdu and Punjabi language elements in a comic television serial – Larka Karachi Ka Kuri Lahore Di – that aired during the month of Ramzan (Urdu for Ramadan) in 2012. The serial features exaggerated depictions of a Punjabi Lahori family and a muhajir (Urdu-speaking) Karachiite family. Of particular interest is the way marked phonological features and lexical items are deployed to highlight panjabiyat (‘Punjabi-ness’). This study explores relationships between the humorous performance of language mixing and language ideologies in Pakistan. Even in places where panjabiyat is strongly emphasized, the lexico-grammatical choices made by the characters still render the language maximally understandable to an Urdu-speaking (rather than Punjabi-speaking) audience. Using theories of ‘mixed language,’ this study seeks to address the importance and implications of these ways of performing ethnolinguistic identity.
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Ghai, Wiqas, and Navdeep Singh. "Continuous Speech Recognition for Punjabi Language." International Journal of Computer Applications 72, no. 14 (June 26, 2013): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/12563-9002.
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Lakhmani, Priya, Smita Pratistha Mathur, and Sudha Morwal. "Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in Punjabi Language." International Journal in Foundations of Computer Science & Technology 4, no. 4 (July 31, 2014): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijfcst.2014.4408.
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Shahid, Muhammad Ali, Anser Mahmood, Syeda Iqra Shabbir, and Habib Ullah Habib. "Study of Abrar-ul- Haq's Punjabi Bhangra Songs in Pragmatics." Journal of Linguistics, Culture and Communication 1, no. 1 (June 24, 2023): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.61320/jolcc.v1i1.26-43.
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The study of language and culture is known as linguistic anthropology. Etymological human sciences have become an interdisciplinary subject of study by utilizing the theoretical underpinnings of numerous disciplines. The current study investigated Punjabi songs using a qualitative analytical approach. The Relevance Theory of Pragmatics, proposed by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber (2004), explained how Abrar-ul-Haq appeared on the horizon to promote Punjabi culture through his energetic Punjabi Bhangra songs. For this study, only two songs were chosen: Billo Day Ghar and Beh Ja Sakal Tay. The study’s findings revealed that Abrar ul Haq used singing as a medium of language to transport cultural norms in general and Punjabi culture in particular. Because he was a famous and world-famous singer, his message spread worldwide, and he became known not only as the Bhangra singer but also as the anthropologist who invented and promoted Punjabi culture through his singing. It is concluded that Punjabi Culture is rich in norms and values. MPhil scholars will expand the scope of the study to include a full-length version of these to promote Punjabi culture. It is suggested that other linguists investigate Punjabi culture to revive and preserve it.
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Singh, Gursewak. "Evaluating Word Sense Disambiguation Techniques for Punjabi Language: A Comparative Analysis." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 07 (July 22, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36699.
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Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP) that focuses on determining the precise meaning of a word by analyzing its contextual usage.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various WSD techniques applied to the Punjabi language, including supervised, unsupervised, and knowledge-based methods. We compare the accuracy, performance, benefits, drawbacks, and resource requirements of these techniques.The study aims to provide a detailed overview of the state of WSD for Punjabi, with visual representations such as tables and graphs to illustrate comparative performance. Key Words: Word Sense Disambiguation, Punjabi Language, Natural Language Processing, Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Knowledge-Based Approach
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Singla, Chaitanya, and Sukhdev Singh. "PEMO: A New Validated Dataset for Punjabi Speech Emotion Detection." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i10.5734.
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This research work presents a new valid dataset for Punjabi called the Punjabi Emotional Speech Database (PEMO) which has been developed to assess the ability to recognize emotions in speech by both computers and humans. The PEMO includes speech samples from about 60 speakers with an age range between 20 and 45 years, for four fundamental emotions, including anger, sad, happy and neutral. In order to create the data, Punjabi films are retrieved from different multimedia websites such as YouTube. The movies are processed and transformed into utterances with software called PRAAT. The database contains 22,000 natural utterances. This is equivalent to 12 hours and 35 min of speech information taken from online Punjabi movies and web series. Three annotators categorize the emotional content of the utterances. The common label that is labelled by all annotators becomes the final label for the utterance. The annotators have a thorough knowledge of Punjabi Language. The data is used to determine the expression of emotions in speech in the Punjabi Language.
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Javed, Mariya, Rana Imran Ali, and Zakia Aslam. "Social Attitudinal Differences towards English vs. Punjabi Language: A Study of Middle Class Parents in Faisalabad." Global Sociological Review VI, no. IV (December 30, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2021(vi-iv).03.
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This paper seeks to investigate the attitudes of globalized middle class parents towards English vs. Punjabi language in Faisalabad. Language is considered as a strong tool and identity marker both at an individual and societal level. Linguistically, Pakistan is a heterogeneous country where bilingualism is a very common phenomenon. However,these languages do not share equal position, prestige, and function. So, the present study aims to identify how parents’ attitudes vary from language to language and what are the reasons of this attitudinal shift. The research population for this study includes 20 different families from different locales of Faisalabad, and for data collection, close-ended questionnaire was used. The data was analyzed descriptively using SPSS, and the results were presented in visual and numerical form. The study is important as it highlights the ideological, social, and educational position of Punjabi and the English language in Faisalabad
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Kaur, Prabhjot, L. Andrew M. Bush, and Weisong Shi. "Direct Punjabi to English Speech Translation using Discrete Units." International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics 13, no. 2 (March 10, 2024): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2024.130201.
Full textAbstract:
Speech-to-speech translation is yet to reach the same level of coverage as text-to-text translation systems. The current speech technology is highly limited in its coverage of over 7000 languages spoken worldwide, leaving more than half of the population deprived of such technology and shared experiences. With voice-assisted technology (such as social robots and speech-to-text apps) and auditory content (such as podcasts and lectures) on the rise, ensuring that the technology is available for all is more important than ever. Speech translation can play a vital role in mitigating technological disparity and creating a more inclusive society. With a motive to contribute towards speech translation research for low-resource languages, our work presents a direct speech-to-speech translation model for one of the Indic languages called Punjabi to English. Additionally, we explore the performance of using a discrete representation of speech called discrete acoustic units as input to the Transformer-based translation model. The model, abbreviated as Unit-to-Unit Translation (U2UT), takes a sequence of discrete units of the source language (the language being translated from) and outputs a sequence of discrete units of the target language (the language being translated to). Our results show that the U2UT model performs better than the Speechto-Unit Translation (S2UT) model by a 3.69 BLEU score.