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Mazur, Lyudmila, and Ekaterina Karmanova. "Autonomy of Russian Universities: Historical Documentation Research of the 19th – 21st Century University Charters." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (June 2020): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.2.11.
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Introduction. The article compares the charters of Russian universities and brings to light the principles of universities’ operation throughout their history from the 19th to the 21st century. The article describes the model of university autonomy in Russia and its influence on the development of the academia, including contemporary universities’ ambitions in terms of global rankings. Methods and Materials. The conceptual framework is based on the methods of documentary studies applied to analyze universities’ charters and the procedures of their development and use, including the preparation of the draft version, editing and further adjustments as well as the origin and characteristics of the document, that is, whether they resulted from ‘bottom-up’ or ‘top-down’ initiatives. The documentary analysis reveals not only the functions of charters but also the degree of universities’ autonomy as defined by these documents. Analysis. In terms of their history and functions, three types of university charters can be identified: general (unified), standard and individual. In the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, individual charters were mostly based on standard provisions or charters, that is, they were ‘top-down’ initiatives. General and standard charters were devised by the related governmental agencies and, therefore, corresponded to the goals pursued by the government at that stage. Individual university charters resulting from ‘bottom-up’ initiatives were created in the transition periods of 1918–1922 and the 1990s, which were characterized by massive socioeconomic change and search for new models of higher education institutions. Results. In the history of Russian higher education, there are several periods when universities had limited autonomy: early and mid-19th century (liberal reforms); 1920s (organizational and methodological experiments); 1960s (revival of limited autonomy of universities); 1990s (self-government and academic freedoms). Liberal cycles are directly reflected in the university charters, but the analysis of the procedural aspects of their development and functioning allows to conclude that autonomy should be considered as a temporary deviation from the basic model of a state university.
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Mälksoo, Lauri. "Dear reader,." Juridica International 26 (November 13, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2017.26.00.
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In looking at the collection of papers in this volume, an impression of a certain eclecticism cannot be avoided. We have articles on public international law, European human-rights law, legal history, and various aspects of Estonian law, but also, for example, issues in Ukrainian law are dealt with. Moreover, while most of the articles are in English, some key papers are in German, which in times gone by was the lingua franca of the Baltic intellectual universe. Although the substantive themes of this edition of Juridica International are inevitably varied, it seems to me nevertheless that the diverse legal domains and questions all are connected with the expectations that we as lawyers and citizens have for law – be it international, regional, or domestic. Christian Tomuschat’s programmatic article on the current state and future of public international law is connected with a festive event that we celebrated at our university on 1 December 2016, when Professor Tomuschat received an honorary doctorate from the University of Tartu. In this capacity, he has joined the ranks of other distinguished individuals who have become honorary doctors in the field of law here: Boris Meissner (1996), Heinrich Mark (1998), Peter Schlechtriem and Thomas Wilhelmsson (2002), Wilfried Schlüter (2003), Tarja Halonen (2004), Christian von Bar (2007), Werner Krawietz (2008), Erik Nerep (2011), and Joachim Rückert (2014). The question of international law’s future is inevitably linked to the expectations we hold for that law. Professor Tomuschat demonstrates how international law became universal and how this has influenced expectations of it. Of course, the higher the expectations are, the easier it is to fall short of them. When the case load of the European Court of Human Rights became too heavy on occasion, some people said that the Court had become a victim of its own success. In this issue, Judge Julia Laffranque reflects on ethical foundations of, and expectations for, European human-rights law and its interpretations. Legal history, in turn, reminds us that the issue of expectations of law is an age-old one. Ideas from natural law have lived in an uneasy relationship with pure legal positivism. Especially in dictatorships, law does not correspond to ethical standards characteristic of democracies. In some cases, law has even become a tool of outright repression. The Radbruch Formula, known from the history of legal debate in Germany, has not lost its topicality. What are the expectations for national law? We usually expect best practices and legal models – to the extent that these can be established – to be followed. We expect legal certainty and a certain rationality and logic behind the law. Yet law can be likened to Estonia’s capital city, Tallinn, which according to an ancient legend will never be ‘ready’: it can never be complete. Expectations for law are particularly high in countries in transition, such as Ukraine. The University of Tartu (formerly Dorpat) had important links to universities in Ukraine already in the 19th century, and now we keep our fingers crossed that Ukraine will be able to pursue its own strong statehood based on democratic values. What are the expectations for legal scholarship? Since the readers of legal writings are educated in jurisprudence, we all expect to become more enlightened, to find clarification for things that we were not aware of or that we knew less about. If this volume of Juridica International succeeds with that in its readers’ eyes, it has done well enough.
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Proctor, Robert W., and Sung-Hee Kim. "100 Years of Human Factors/Ergonomics at Purdue University." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 24, no. 1 (2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804615572629.
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Human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) has a 100-year history at Purdue University. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth exerted considerable influence on the development of HF/E at Purdue during its first 50 years. Their interdisciplinary approach is evident in the programs of the School of Industrial Engineering and the Department of Psychological Sciences as well as in the many individuals in other departments who have interests in HF/E. Although there has been a shift toward cognitive ergonomics in the past 50 years, the interdisciplinary legacy of the Gilbreths continues to be relevant to research, education, and application in HF/E in the 21st century.
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SAVITT, TODD L. "Lincoln University Medical Department— A Forgotten 19th Century Black Medical School." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 40, no. 1 (1985): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/40.1.42.
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Mejor, Marek. "Early history of Oriental studies at Vilnius University." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 10, no. 1-2 (2009): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2009.3673.
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University of WarsawThe present paper was written as a contribution to the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Oriental studies at Vilnius University. The early history of Oriental studies, covering the period 1805–24, is presented on the basis of archival materials from collections kept in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives, Vilnius University Library, and Czartoryskis’ Library in Kraków. Two basic documents are published here for the first time. In the first quarter of the 19th century, three sequential attempts towards establishing a chair of Oriental studies at Vilnius University were undertaken, each one connected with a particular candidate: Szymon Żukowski (1782–1834), Julius Klaproth (1783–1835), and Józef Sękowski (1800–1858).
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Nevanlinna, H. "On the early history of the Finnish Meteorological Institute." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 5, no. 1 (2014): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-5-75-2014.
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Abstract. This article is a review of the foundation (in 1838) and later developments of the Helsinki (Finland) magnetic and meteorological observatory, today the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). The main focus of the study is in the early history of the FMI up to the beginning of the 20th century. The first director of the observatory was Physics Professor Johan Jakob Nervander (1805–1848). He was a famous person of the Finnish scientific, academic and cultural community in the early decades of the 19th century. Finland was an autonomously part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1917, but the observatory remained organizationally under the University of Helsinki, independent of Russian scientific institutions, and funded by the Finnish Government. Throughout the late-19th century the Meteorological Institute was responsible of nationwide meteorological, hydrological and marine observations and research. The observatory was transferred to the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters under the name the Central Meteorological Institute in 1881. The focus of the work carried out in the Institute was changed gradually towards meteorology. Magnetic measurements were still continued but in a lower level of importance. The culmination of Finnish geophysical achievements in the 19th century was the participation to the International Polar Year programme in 1882–1883 by setting up a full-scale meteorological and magnetic observatory in Sodankylä, Lapland.
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Amirov, N. K. "Kazan State Medical University - 185 years." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 2 (1999): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj65320.
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May 14, 1999 marks 185 years since the opening of the Medical Faculty of the Imperial Kazan University, a significant event in the history of higher medical education in our country. After the medical faculty of Moscow University (opened in 1758) and the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy (1798), this faculty became the third forge of domestic medical personnel in the 19th century in Russia.
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Kozakaitė, Justina, Rūta Brindzaitė, Žydrūnė Miliauskienė, Aistis Žalnora, and Rimantas Jankauskas. "The Human Osteological Collection of Vilnius University." Archaeologia Lituana 21 (December 28, 2020): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2020.21.9.
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This article briefly presents the history of the human osteological collection stored at the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University. The birth of such collection can be traced back to the mid-19th century (1855) with the establishment of the Museum of Antiquities. Until the mid-20th century, human skeletal remains were gathered sporadically and selectively, by collecting either skulls or long bones. Since the late 20th century, the policy of selection has changed and nowadays the collection consists of systematically assembled anthropological material of scientific value. The assemblage currently comprises more than 9.000 skeletal remains dating back from the Mesolithic to the Late Modern Era.
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Chen, Li. "Roman Law in the Curriculum of the First Chinese Students in England, France, and China." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 88, no. 3-4 (2020): 532–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00880a11.
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Summary This article retraces the beginnings of Roman law studies by Chinese students during the latter part of the 19th century. It relies on archival research in order to piece together the curricula and careers of three pioneering Chinese law students who first came to study law, including Roman law, in England, France, and China. Wu Tingfang’s legal training at an Inn of Court in London, Ma Kié-Tchong’s legal education at the University of Paris and Wang Chung Hui’s study at Peiyang University in Tianjin, all included a more or less in-depth exposure to Roman law. Ma Kié-Tchong’s wrote a thesis on Roman law in Latin. As the first surviving specimen of legal Latin written by a Chinese jurist, his work not only reflects Roman law studies in France in the 19th century, it also sheds light on the level of proficiency in legal Latin which a Chinese scholar could attain.
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Ingram, Brannon D. "Book Review: Moin Ahmad Nizami, Reform and Renewal in South Asian Islam: The Chishti-Sabris in 18th–19th Century North India." Indian Economic & Social History Review 56, no. 1 (2019): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464618820151.
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Miszczyński, Damian, Zofia Latawiec, and Kamil Żółtaszek. "An Outline of the History of Classical Philology at the Jagiellonian University." Classica Cracoviensia 21 (July 2, 2019): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cc.21.2018.21.09.
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This paper aims to familiarize contemporary students and scholars of classical philology with the profiles of prominent Polish classical philologists related to the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. It contains biographical notes and description of works of most important classicists at the Jagiellonian University, who lived in the 19th and in the 20th century. The scholars presented in the article are: Kazimierz Morawski, Tadeusz Sinko, Seweryn Hammer, Leon Sternbach, Wincenty Lutosławski, Ryszard Gansiniec, Stanisław Skimina, Władysław Madyda, Romuald Turasiewicz, Adam Stefan Miodoński, Gustaw Edward Przychocki, Władysław Strzelecki, Kazimierz Kumaniecki, Mieczysław Brożek, Marian Plezia, Kazimierz Korus, Józef Korpanty and Stanisław Stabryła.
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Militký, Jiří. "Roman Republican coins in the collection of the Palacký University in Olomouc." Numismatické listy 71, no. 3-4 (2016): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nl-2016-0005.
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Abstract The collection of ancient coins of the Palacký University in Olomouc is recently preserved in the department of history there. It is very likely that the collection was founded sometimes between the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century – no details are known about it and the collection became the university property evidently after 1946. The core of the Olomouc collection is represented by denarii dating back to 154–74 BC (cat. nos. 3–69). Only individual pieces of the earlier issues (cat. nos. 1–2) and the later issues (cat. nos. 70–72) are present here. Publication of this collection could be accepted as a small contribution to documentation of the physically verified material of the mentioned period. Parallelly, it is an interesting testimony of the collecting activities in Olomouc at the break of the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Ageeva, Natalia N. "THE HISTORY OF FRANCE OF THE XIX CENTURY IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND PUBLICISTIC HERITAGE OF S.F. FORTUNATOV." Historical Search 2, no. 1 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-1-39-46.
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The article is devoted to the study of the scientific and publicistic heritage of the little-studied Russian historian-novist Stepan Fedorovich Fortunatov (1850–1918). According of his political views, the historian was a consistent supporter of liberalism, which largely determined the scope of his scientific interests. History of France in the 19th century. S.F. Fortunatov considered in a special lecture course, which he read at Moscow University, at the Higher Courses for Women and at the University. A.L. Shanyavsky, and also addressed it’s in his articles and numerous reviews. The lithographed edition of his lecture course allows us to identify both the structure of the course itself and to determine the range of issues that the historian considered the most significant for the study of this period. An analysis of the lecture materials shows that, he strove to convey to his students the peculiarities of the political and legal development of France in different periods. At the same time, S.F. Fortunatov skillfully combined the eventful presentation of French history of the 19th century, so rich in political upheavals, a fairly detailed study of the development of political thought and an analysis of constitutional and legal legislation. In the lecture course, the author repeatedly turned to the analysis of the latest domestic and foreign researches on the history of France. In articles and reviews concerning the history of France in the 19th century, the historian also mainly dealt with issues related to the change of political regimes, the peculiarities of the country’s constitutional structure and the struggle for the establishment of fundamental human rights and freedoms. He repeatedly emphasized the importance of highlighting the main forms and methods of resistance to the despotism of power, undoubtedly keeping in mind the relevance of this issue for Russia. Thus, lectures and articles by S.F. Fortunatov on the history of France in the 19th century were aimed primarily at studying the struggle for the triumph of republican ideas and substantiating the inevitability of the country’s development along this path.
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Tyszkiewicz, Adam. "MANAGING THE COLLECTIONS OF THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW VERSUS THE EXPERIENCE OF THE HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA." Muzealnictwo 60 (July 24, 2019): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3012.
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The Medical History Museum founded in 2011 within the structure of the Medical University of Warsaw (WUM), following the solutions introduced at the Humboldt University in Berlin and the University of Vienna, is planning to shortly introduce coordination of protection and display of the historic tangible heritage of the school. In both Berlin and Vienna in the early 21st century the project of university collection inventory was launched. Just over several years it yielded a large-scale digitizing process, foundation of theme websites, publications, and organization of temporary exhibitions promoting the historic university collections. The Association of University Museums established in Poland in 2014 has for several years been drawing inspiration from the German and Austrian models. The WUM Medical History Museum, resorting to the experience of the Berlin and Vienna universities, has applied numerous ideas for the integration of the historic collections, their identification, and recreation. Following the history of medical collections in Warsaw from the 1st half of the 19th century up to contemporary times, the Author analyses the model for this museum strategy, while also presenting examples of dangers resulting from the mismanagement of university historic heritage.
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Woźny, Marzena, and Karol Dzięgielewski. "150 years of the Jagiellonian University Archaeological Cabinet. Past and present." Recherches Archéologique Nouvelle Serie 9 (December 31, 2018): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/rechacrac.ns9.07.
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The collection of the former Jagiellonian University Archaeological Cabinet (Gabinet Archeologiczny Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego) in Kraków is unique in Poland. This is the oldest archaeological academic collection in Poland and the only one to survive to the present day in a nearly unchanged form. The collection’s history goes back to 1867, when it was established by Józef Łepkowski, the creator of the first Chair of Archaeology in the Jagiellonian University. The basic bulk of the collection was accumulated after the January Uprising of 1863, in a period marked by increased interest in antiquities: at that time it was regarded as a patriotic duty to preserve the achievements of Polish science and art. The establishment of the cabinet fit well into the general interest in antiquity observed throughout 19th-century Europe. Today, the collection is divided into two parts (each of them kept separately): Mediterranean and Prehistoric. As the artefacts from the Archaeological Cabinet have not been put on display since the end of WWII, the collection has generally maintained its 19th-century character, becoming in itself a museum monument of a kind.
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Mokshin, Gennady N. "Typology of the Currents of Cultural Populism. Herald of Omsk University." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical Studies 7, no. 4 (28) (2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(4).7-13.
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This article is devoted to the cultural populism of the last third of the 19th century, which united the supporters of the peaceful cultural and educational activities of the intelligentsia among the people; analyzes the difficulties associated with the problem of conceptualizing the history of this direction; the author’s approach to the classification of the leading trends of cultural populism is substantiated and the views of their leaders are characterized.
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Schram, C. "30. Abortion and the fall of midwifery in 19th Century North America." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (2007): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2790.
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The 19th Century in North America was a time of many social and scientific changes that impacted the field of medicine. A result of one such change was the medicalization of childbirth, as the primary care of women during labour shifted from midwives to physicians. While there is ample discourse on the many factors that contributed to this shift, there is very little discussion on the role played by abortion. Studying abortion in the 19th Century is often limited by a paucity of primary sources from the physicians who performed abortions and women who obtained them. Although most authors who discuss the midwifery shift do not make any mention of a role played by the issue of abortion, it has been addressed and supported by primary sources. This raises the question, why is abortion not discussed in histories on the medicalization of childbirth by other authors? 
 The objectives of this paper are historical and histographic. First, it will present the evidence on the use of abortion as a political tool employed by some policy makers, physicians and the media to discourage women from choosing midwives for their childbirth care. Second, it will analyze possible reasons why this topic is not addressed by the majority of historians of childbirth in 19th Century North America. Are the authors concerned about the varying social views of abortion, the associated politics, the lack of primary sources, or are they personally uncomfortable with the subject? Only the authors themselves can truly know their reasons for neglecting the subject of abortion in their work, but this analysis will show how issues that influence historians determine the version of the past that is produced and propagated into the present and the future.
 Borst CG. Catching Babies: the Professionalization of Childbirth, 1870-1920. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995.
 Bourgeault B, Davis-Floyd R, eds. Reconceiving Midwifery. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2004.
 Dodd DE, Gorham D, eds. Caring and Curing: Historical Perspectives on Women and Healing in Canada. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1994.
 Wertz DC, Wertz RW. Lying In; a History of Childbirth in America (expanded edition published 1989 by Richard W. Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz) New York: Free Press; London: Macmillan, 1977.
 Reagan LJ. Linking midwives and abortion in the Progressive Era. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1995; 69(4):569-98.
 Reagan LJ. When Abortion Was a Crime, Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973. London: University of California Press, 1997.
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Cuypers, Constant. "A computerised compilation of contemporary art at Dutch exhibitions in the 19th century (CADENS)." Art Libraries Journal 12, no. 1 (1987): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200005058.
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CADENS is a project based at the Institute of Art History at the University of Nijmegen. The intention is to provide comprehensive access to information on contemporary art contained in all Dutch 19th century art exhibition catalogues, by means of a computer database. Two publications, a directory of artists and a keyword index, are envisaged.
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Liu, Yihan, and Christopher Grey. "History, gendered space and organizational identity: An archival study of a university building." Human Relations 71, no. 5 (2017): 640–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717733032.
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How do buildings contribute to an organization’s sense of what it is? In this article, we present the findings of a major archival study of an iconic university building to answer this question. Founded in the 19th century as a college for women, the building is analysed as a gendered space that embodies meanings that are selectively deployed and adapted by the present-day, now co-educational, university. By bringing together concepts of space and history so as to examine ‘space in history’ we show how over long periods of time what buildings ‘say’ about an organization change so that the past is both a legacy and a resource for shifting organizational identity.
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Kotin, Igor Yu, and Ekaterina D. Aloyants. "Century of Indology at the University of Hamburg." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.106.
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The article is devoted to the development of Indology at the University of Hamburg and analyzes the contribution of Hamburg Indologists to the study of ancient and medieval India and the study of modern languages and literature of India in the discipline’s development in the sister city of St. Petersburg. The authors note that the development of Indology has a long history in Germany and the uniqueness of the Hamburg school is observed. Germany had more than forty Indology departments in the 19th century, much more than Great Britain then had. The teaching of Indian languages in Hamburg began in 1914 in the classrooms of the university’s predecessor, the Hamburg Colonial Institute founded in 1908 and dissolved in 1919, soon after World War I. The University of Hamburg started as new and progressive institution of education in Weimar Germany, and continued for the next hundred years, where the teaching of Sanskrit, studying ancient medieval monuments of Indian literature, philosophy, and religious texts reached a global level thanks to outstanding Indologists, such as Walter Schubring, Ludwig Alsdorf, Albrecht Welzer, and Lambert Schmithausen. The article also considers the contribution to the development of Indology in Hamburg by current Professors Eva Wilden, Michael Zimmermann, Harunaga Isaacson et al. Thanks to the activities of these professors and their colleagues from Russia and India such as Tatiana Iosifovna and Ram Prasad Bhatta, the study and teaching of the languages and cultures of India within the framework of the Center for Culture and History of India and Tibet of the Institute of Asia and Africa now includes the study of Tamil language and literature as well as North Indian languages and literature.
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Moon, Francis C. "Franz Reuleaux: Contributions to 19th century kinematics and theory of machines." Applied Mechanics Reviews 56, no. 2 (2003): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1523427.
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This review surveys late 19th century kinematics and the theory of machines as seen through the contributions of the German engineering scientist, Franz Reuleaux (1829–1905), often called the “Father of Kinematics.” Extremely famous in his time and one of the first honorary members of ASME, Reuleaux was largely forgotten in much of modern mechanics literature in English until the recent rediscovery of some of his work. In addition to his contributions to kinematics, we review Reuleaux’s ideas about design synthesis, optimization and aesthetics in design, and in engineering education, as well as his early contributions to biomechanics. A unique aspect of this review has been the use of Reuleaux’s kinematic models at Cornell University and in the Deutsches Museum, in Munich, as a tool to rediscover lost engineering and kinematic knowledge of 19th century history of machines. This review article cites 108 references.
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Wojdon, Joanna, and Małgorzata Skotnicka-Palka. "Migracje z ziem polskich w XIX wieku we współczesnych podręcznikach do historii dla szkoły podstawowej." Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny 47, no. 1 (179) (2021): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.21.010.13322.
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19th century migrations from the Polish lands in contemporary primary school history textbooks The article presents the problem of political, economic and forced migrations of people from Polish lands in the 19th century, discussed in recently published history textbooks for elementary school students. Textbooks based on the old and the new core curriculum were compared. The analysis of textbooks was based on the model developed by Raymond Nkwenti Fru of the National University of Lesotho. This model allows us to see explicit and implicit content and take into account different types of textbook narratives. Artykuł prezentuje problem migracji politycznych, ekonomicznych oraz przymusowych przesiedleń ludności z ziem polskich w XIX wieku przedstawiony we współczesnych podręcznikach do historii dla uczniów szkoły podstawowej. Porównano podręczniki napisane w oparciu o „starą” i „nową” podstawę programową. Podręczniki przeanalizowano w oparciu o model wypracowany przez Raymonda Nkwenti Fru z Narodowego Uniwersytetu Lesotho (National University of Lesotho). Model ten pozwala dostrzec treści jawne i ukryte, uwzględnić różne typy narracji podręcznikowych.
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Bum, Heo Jun. "History of Korean first conservatory Ewha from beginning to 1945." Moscow University Pedagogical Education Bulletin, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51314/2073-2635-2018-4-104-110.
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This article is about music education and its curriculum of Ewha Woman’s Conservatory from beginning to 1945 and deals with the introduction of western educational system in Korea for the first time and the process of its development at Ewha Woman’s University which was founded in the period of opening the door of Korea at the end of 19th century. The article describes that introduction of Korean traditional music as a regular subject and Women’s University’s role in the process of preserving it and its popularization.
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HENTS, Adriana. "HISTORY OF LITERATURE OR PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES: TEXTBOOKS OF UKRAINIAN LITERATURE IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-422-432.
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The article explores the theoretical and practical principles of Ukrainian literature histories in the context of pan-European historiographical traditions. The study's subject is histories of literature, which are an integral part of Western scientific thought and hold an important place in the history of national and European university literary studies of the nineteenth century are outlined, the histories of education. The stages of the development of the literary history of the world Ukrainian literature are analyzed and systematized in typological comparisons characteristics, criteria for selecting texts, author's interpretations, with European concepts. The difference between the historiographical studies of literature and the textbooks, which is primarily reflected in formal conceptual approaches, and methodological base, is revealed. The basis of and interdependence. The genealogical and genre features of Ukrainian literary historiographical studies is the identification of the intrinsic connection between literary history, philosophy, and history, the study of their interdependence studies are considered. The author pays attention to the methodological planes realities. The advantages and disadvantages of literary histories, reviews, and and vectors of the study of historiographical discourse. The article describes the main achievements of historians of the literature of the 19th century, comprehensively defines the methodology of creating an integrated and scientific evidence corpus of Ukrainian literature history in contemporary of university literary education and the creation of a pan-European cultural holistic syntheses of Ya. Holovatskyi, P. Kulish, M. Petrov, M. Dashkevych, I. Franko are analyzed not only in the paradigm of Ukrainian literary historiography but also in the process of integration of Ukraine into the worldeducational space. The historiography has great importance in the development discourse. Keywords: history of literature, historiography, history of ideas, textbooks, methodology of literary studies, university education.
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Cutrufello, Gabriel. "Scanning as a Rhetorical Activity: Reporting Histories of Ether Experiments in the Johns Hopkins University Physical Seminary (1892–1913)." Written Communication 38, no. 1 (2020): 77–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088320964265.
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This article reports on a study that examined papers written by graduate students in the Physical Seminary course at Johns Hopkins University (1892–1913) to investigate how students reused various visuals of the interferometer to construct narratives of late-19th-century Ether research. Their representations of the interferometer focused on the mechanics of the devices by constructing a series of textual-visual relationships, requiring that the reader scan back and forth between the written text and the accompanying visual. These multimodal texts demonstrate how the students used writing activities to create a narrative of equipment development, which highlighted the centrality of trained vision in enculturating graduate students into disciplinary writing practices in the late 19th century. Through an analysis of the specific interactions and the network of visuals the students used to reconstruct a history of Ether investigation, scholars of writing and rhetoric can see how important inclusion of equipment and its detailed discussion was to graduate writing and disciplinary enculturation in the sciences.
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Yıldız, Abdullah. "Historian profiles aimed to train according to the statements of history departments' web pages in Turkey." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 3, no. 2 (2013): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/v3n2m6.
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History gaining the meanings such as "describing the events already finished" or "narration of real events", in 18th century in Europe, becoming an area studied by modern methods has completed the process of scientification in 19th century. History department established in Darülfünun just beginning of the 20th century in Turkey and thus historians started to be trained. As the University Reform realised, historians training continued in history department of Turkey's the first and only university. Nowadays, reviewing the University Entrance Guide 2011 it has been seen that historians being trained in history departments at 72 state and 9 private universities at total 81 universities. The purpose of this research is to determine and compare the historian profiles aimed to train according to the satatements of the state and private universities' history departments' web pages. This study is based on survey method. In this study, 63 state and 9 private universities' web pages will be scanned. The "mission" and "vision" statements of history departments' web pages will be examined. Then these statements will be analyzed by content analysis method.
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Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko. "Middle Eastern Studies in Finland." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 38, no. 1 (2004): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400046411.
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The tradition of Middle Eastern studies in Finland is long but rather thin. The chair for Oriental Languages (mainly Hebrew and Aramaic) was established at Turku University in 1640, changing its name (Linguarum Orientalium Professio) several times over the years before becoming Semitic Languages. After the great fire destroyed almost the whole city of Turku, the university was relocated to Helsinki in 1828. In the mid-19th century, the chair was held by G.A. Wallin (d. 1852), an explorer of the Arabian Peninsula (and a visitor to the holy city of Mecca) and one of the first scholars, worldwide, to study Arabic dialects. In the latter part of the 19th century, Assyriology became the most flourishing field of Middle Eastern Studies in Finland, several great Assyriologists, such as Knut Tallqvist (d. 1949), holding the chair of Oriental Languages. Though concentrating on Assyriology, Assyriologists also kept alive Arabic philological studies, which gained additional weight in the 1960s when the Assyriologist and Comparative Semitist Jussi Aro (d. 1983) was appointed as professor. He retrained himself as a dialectologist, working with Lebanese dialects. It was only in 1980 that a chair for Arabic Language was established and another dialectologist, Heikki Palva, was appointed to it in 1982. After the retirement of Professor Palva in 1998, the chair was renamed Arabic and Islamic Studies. The chair, at the Institute for Asian and African Studies (IAAS, University of Helsinki), has been held by the present writer, Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, since 2000.
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Antonelli, Mauro, and Siegfried Ludwig Sporer. "The History of Eyewitness Testimony and the Foundations of the "Lie Detector" in Austria and Italy." RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA, no. 1 (April 2021): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rsf2021-001003.
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Although little known, the theoretical and methodological roots of lie detection, in particular of the development of the so-called "lie detector", must be placed in central Europe, in particular in Germany, Austria, and later in Italy at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Focusing on Austria and Italy, we trace this development from Hans Gross in Austria to Vittorio Benussi and his pupil Cesare L. Musatti in Italy. Benussi, initially active at the University of Graz and later at the University of Padua, was the mediating link between the Austrian and Italian legal psychology tradition.
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Afonushkina, Anna V. "On the Problem of Development of Source Base on History in Russia in the Middle of the 19th Century." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 20, no. 4 (2020): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2020-20-4-437-444.
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The article is concerned with the government policy in the field of publication of scientific origins connected with activities of Russian Historical association in Moscow University. The government activity in scientific sphere was connected with ideology. Ministry of enlightenment tried to prohibit publication of ‘harmful’ books. The author concludes that government interference into scientific affairs could not be unlimited. Russian university scientists protested against administrative influence into development of science and publication of historical sources.
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GÖKGÖZ, Turgay. "LITERATURE AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN BEYRUT IN THE 19TH CENTURY." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.1-3.23.
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Throughout history, Beirut has been the habitat of different religions and nations. The people of various nations are made up of Christians and Muslims. Today, it is seen that languages such as Arabic, French and English are among the most spoken languages in Lebanon, where Beirut is located. Looking at Beirut in the 19th century, it was seen that colonial powers such as Britain and France were a conflict area, and at the same time it was one of the centers of Arab nationalism thought against the Ottoman Empire. During the occupation of Mehmet Ali Pasha, missionary schools were allowed to open, as well as cities such as Zahle, Damascus and Aleppo, Jesuit schools were opened in Beirut. With the opening of American Protestant schools, the influence of the relevant schools in the emergence and development of the idea of Arab nationalism is inevitable. Especially in Beirut, it would be appropriate to state that the aim of using languages such as French and English instead of Arabic education in missionary schools is to instill Western culture and to attract students to Christianity. The students of the Syrian Protestant College, who constituted the original of the American University of Beirut, worked against the Ottoman Empire within the society they established and aimed to establish an independent secular Arab state. Beirut comes to the fore especially in areas such as poetry and theater before the “Nahda” movement that started in Egypt during the reign of Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. The advances that paved the way for the development of modern literature in Beirut before Egypt will find a place in the field of literature later. In this study, it is aimed to present information on literary and cultural activities that took place in Beirut and emphasize the importance of Beirut in modern Arabic literature in the 19th century.
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GÖKGÖZ, Turgay. "LITERATURE AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN BEYRUT IN THE 19TH CENTURY." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.1-3.23.
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Throughout history, Beirut has been the habitat of different religions and nations. The people of various nations are made up of Christians and Muslims. Today, it is seen that languages such as Arabic, French and English are among the most spoken languages in Lebanon, where Beirut is located. Looking at Beirut in the 19th century, it was seen that colonial powers such as Britain and France were a conflict area, and at the same time it was one of the centers of Arab nationalism thought against the Ottoman Empire. During the occupation of Mehmet Ali Pasha, missionary schools were allowed to open, as well as cities such as Zahle, Damascus and Aleppo, Jesuit schools were opened in Beirut. With the opening of American Protestant schools, the influence of the relevant schools in the emergence and development of the idea of Arab nationalism is inevitable. Especially in Beirut, it would be appropriate to state that the aim of using languages such as French and English instead of Arabic education in missionary schools is to instill Western culture and to attract students to Christianity. The students of the Syrian Protestant College, who constituted the original of the American University of Beirut, worked against the Ottoman Empire within the society they established and aimed to establish an independent secular Arab state. Beirut comes to the fore especially in areas such as poetry and theater before the “Nahda” movement that started in Egypt during the reign of Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha with Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. The advances that paved the way for the development of modern literature in Beirut before Egypt will find a place in the field of literature later. In this study, it is aimed to present information on literary and cultural activities that took place in Beirut and emphasize the importance of Beirut in modern Arabic literature in the 19th century.
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Mastrianto, Agus, Sariyatun Sariyatun, and Nunuk Suryani. "Development of History-Based Digital Book Based on the 19th Century Lampung’s People Army Struggle in Local History Lessons." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 2 (2020): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i2.943.
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This study aims to develop teaching materials in the form of digital ebook by integrating local historical material on the Struggle of the Lampung People's Army at the State University in Lampung Province. The method used in this research is the development research (R&D) method. The stages of this research include the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects in this study consisted of two material validators, two media validators, 48 students of semester VII students, one of whom was a lecturer in history education. The results of this development research show that digital history-based teaching materials (ebooks) based on local people's struggles in Lampung are proven to be valid based on the assessment of material experts and media experts. Based on the results of small group trials, limited group trials and large group trials show that digital history-based teaching materials based on local history of the struggle of the Lampung people's army proven to be effective and in accordance with needs analysis.
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Szabó, Franz A. J. "Miriam J. Levy Governance and Grievance: Habsburg Policy and Italian Tyrol in the Eighteenth Century. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1988. Pp. x, 231. $17.50." Austrian History Yearbook 24 (January 1993): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800005440.
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McManus, Ruth. "Urban spaces in nineteenth-century Ireland. Edited by Georgina Laragy, Olwen Purdue and Jonathan Jeffrey Wright. Pp ix + 212, illus. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 2018. £75." Irish Historical Studies 43, no. 164 (2019): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2019.71.
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GATTO, ROMANO, and LUCIANO CARBONE. "IL CARTEGGIO DEL FONDO SIACCI DELLA BIBLIOTECA DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI MATEMATICA RENATO CACCIOPPOLI: DELL'UNIVERSIT FEDERICO II DI NAPOLI." Nuncius 12, no. 2 (1997): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539197x00816.
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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title We present here the letters of the "Fondo Siacci" which was found recently while reorganising some papers from the old seat of the library at the Department of Mathematics "Renato Caccioppoli" of the University "Federico II" of Naples, in Via Mezzocannone 8. Grancing at these letters we discovered their interest to reconstruct various historical events of italian mathematics life in the 2nd half of the 19th century.
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Ochiai, Takehiko. "Matacong Island: A Short History of a Small Island on the West Coast of Africa." Hungarian Journal of African Studies / Afrika Tanulmányok 14, no. 6. (2021): 8–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2020.14.6.1.
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This article aims to examine how Matacong Island, a small island just off the coast of the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, was claimed its possession by local chiefs, how it was leased to and was used by European and Sierra Leonean merchants, and how it was colonized by Britain and France in the 19th century. In 1825 the paramount chief of Moriah chiefdom agreed to lease the island to two Sierra Leonean merchants, and in 1826 it was ceded to Britain by a treaty with chiefs of the Sumbuyah and Moriah chiefdoms. Since the island was considered as a territory exempted from duty, British and Sierra Leonean merchants used it as an important trading station throughout the 19th century. Major exports of Matacong Island included palm kernels, palm oil, hides, ivory, pepper and groundnuts, originally brought by local traders from the neighboring rivers, and major imports were tobacco, beads, guns, gunpowder, rum, cotton manufactures, iron bars and hardware of various kinds. In 1853 alone, some 80 vessels, under British, American, and French flags, anchored at Matacong Island. By the convention of 1882, Britain recognized the island as belonging to France. Although the convention was never ratified, it was treated by both countries as accepted terms of agreement. The article considers various dynamics of usage, property, and territorial possession as relates to the island during the 19th century, and reveals how complex they were, widely making use of the documents of The Matacong Island (West Africa) Papers at the University of Birmingham Library in Britain. The collection purchased by the library in 1969 is composed of 265 historical documents relating to Matacong Island, such as letters, agreements, newspaper-cuttings, maps and water-color picture
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Kuhutiak, Mykola, Ihor Raikivskyi, and Oleh Yehreshii. "Halychyna. Journal of Regional Studies: Science, Culture, and Education. Twenty Years of Publishing Activity." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 4, no. 2 (2017): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.4.2.134-138.
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This is a review of the twenty-year-long publishing activity of Halychyna. Journal of Regional Studies: Science, Culture and Education, one of the first Ukrainian journals for historians, philologists, art critics that appeared in the independent Ukraine. In Halychyna, there has been published the works by well-known scholars of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University and many other higher educational establishments of Ukraine. The Journal can boast an array of sections – archaeology, history, ethnology, political science, historiography, source studies, documents and materials, culturology, art criticism, historical biography studies, and others. Most of the studies published in Halychyna focus on the issues of the modern and contemporary history of Ukraine, ethnology. A special attention is given to the issues of the Ukrainian national liberation movement in the 20th century, the Ukrainian national revival in the 19th–20th century, the activity of the political parties in Galicia in the late 19th–early 20th century, source studies and historiography in Ukraine, historical regional studies, the problems of modern state formation in Ukraine, and others
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Pochinskaia, Irina V. "THE WRITINGS OF URAL ORIGIN ON NAPOLEON THE ANTICHRIST OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY." Ural Historical Journal 72, no. 3 (2021): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-3(72)-152-160.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of two Old Believers eschatological writings created in the Urals in 1820–1840s, which are now kept in the largest collections of the Ural Cyrillic old printed books and manuscripts: the Laboratory of Archaeographical Studies (LAS) of the Ural Federal University and the library of the Ekaterinburg Orthodox seminary. One of these essays is “Tolkivanie o Antichriste” (“The exegesis on the Antichrist”), which substantiates the idea that Napoleon I is the Antichrist. It has already been introduced into scientific circulation in the 19th century, but its copies from the LAS fund allowed revealing a new data about the history of its existence. The article clarifies the date of the essay, determines its impact on later Old Believers literature. The second essay, “Tsvetnik” (“Flower Garden”), continues the theme of the first one, relying on it. “Tsvetnik” is a rather complicated and multifaceted work, containing a lot of reasoning. It covers a lot of questions, problems and assessments of domestic and foreign events contemporary to the author. The main task of the essay was to substantiate the fact that Louis Napoleon, the future French emperor Napoleon III, was the new hypostasis of Napoleon I, the antichrist. The article analyses in detail main ideas of the Tsvetnik’s author, the source base of his work, which included not only traditional Christian literature, but also contemporary to the author secular publications.
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Finegan, Edward. "Richard W. Bailey, Nineteenth-century English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 372. Pb $19.95." Language in Society 29, no. 2 (2000): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500312040.
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Treating the least well researched period in the history of English, Richard Bailey's groundbreaking book is an admirable success: wry in its humor, clear in its science, and compelling in its humanity. More than that, it is a sterling achievement of research, a model for all who write about the history of spoken or written English, a benchmark of scope and insight. Bailey's calculations suggest that, in the course of the 19th century, the number of English speakers increased from 26 million to 126 million, helping to make the century the “most transforming” period in the history of English: it was transformed “from merely a language to a valuable property, firmly incorporated into capitalist economies. Far more than at any earlier time, English could be bought and sold. It was even possible to earn one's livelihood by working with it”.
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Khartanovich, Margarita F., and Maria V. Khartanovich. "Museum of Classical Archeology of the 19th-century Imperial Academy of Sciences: The history of organizing and transferring collections to the Imperial Hermitage." Issues of Museology 12, no. 1 (2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2021.102.
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The Museum of Classical Archeology of the Imperial Academy of Sciences is the successor to the 18th-century Kunstkamera of the Academy of Sciences in term of collections of classical antiquities. This article discusses in detail the stages of development of the Museum of Classical Archaeology as an institution within the structure of the Academy of Sciences through the Cabinet of Medals and Rarities, Numismatic Museum, and the Museum of Classical Archaeology. The fund of the museum consisted of ancient Greek and Roman coins, ancient Russian coins, coins from oriental cultures, ancient Greek vases, antiquities from ornamental stone, glass, precious metals, impressions of medals and coins, items from archaeological excavations and treasures, manuscripts, drawings of objects and photographs. Special attention is paid to the correlation of the possibilities of museum collections of the Academy of Sciences and the Imperial Hermitage in terms of storage, exhibition, research, and promotion of archaeological collections in the second half of the 19th century. The reasons for the very active transfer of the Academy of Sciences’ archaeological collections to the Hermitage in the 19th century and the types of compensation received by the Academy for the collections are discussed. The first archaeological collections donated from the Academy of Sciences to the Hermitage on the initiative of the chairman of the Imperial Archaeological Commission S. G. Stroganov were the “Siberian collection” of Peter I and the Melgunov treasure. The collection of the Museum of Classical Archeology also attracted the attention of art critic I. V. Tsvetaev when arranging funds for the new Museum of Fine Arts at Moscow University. The article introduces into scientific circulation archival documents, showing the state of the museum work in the 19th century in the institution of the Academy of Sciences, documents depicting the structure of the Museum of Classical Archaeology, and the composition of collections.
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Willink, Bastiaan. "On the Structure of a Scientific Golden Age Social Change, University Investments and Germany's Discontinuous Rise to 19th Century Scientific Hegemony." Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 19, no. 1 (1996): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bewi.19960190104.
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Khairlapova, Marina Marksovna. "The Role of the Baskunchak Railway in the Development of the Salt Industry in the Astrakhan Governorate During the Second Half of the 19th Century." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.2.32327.
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The research subject of this article is the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century. The article's research object is the role of the Baskunchak railway in the development of the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century. The chronological framework of this study encompasses the period from the second half of the 19th century, when precisely at this time the government policy changed to the state reorganization of the entire railway system in Russia in the reign of Alexander II, and later in the reign of Alexander III, on the discussed here example, construction and operation of the Baskunchak railway. The author provides a detailed comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of transporting salt along the Baskunchak railway compared with transportation by oxen, which leads to the affirmation that after its opening this railway became the most important economic artery in Russia. This work uses the problem-chronological method, the historical-descriptive method, the historical-comparative and historical-systemic methods. The novelty of this study lies in its detailed elaboration of a previously unstudied direction, such as the influence of the new railway on the development of the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century.The role of the Baskunchak railway in the growth of the salt industry in the Astrakhan Governorate during the second half of the 19th century is indisputable. The railway connecting Lake Baskunchak with Port Vladimir has opened the most reliable and convenient form of transport. The materials used in this work are relevant for use in university education processes in the Astrakhan region for teaching general and specialized courses in Russian history and other related disciplines.
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Fando, Roman A. "A. L. Shanyavskii University in the Epicenter of the Revolutionary Movement of Late 19th – Early 20th Century." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2018): 1092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-1092-1102.
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The article is devoted to the history of revolutionary unrest among students at the turn of the 20th century. Activities of informal student associations that conducted a broad agitation campaign within the walls of the A. L. Shanyavskii University in the early 20th century serve as an example. Unlike many other higher educational institutions, the Moscow City People's University became a hotbed of revolutionary outbreaks, fueled both by teachers and students of the university. University professors N. N. Polyansky, M. D. Zagryatskov, V. V. Krasnokutsky, A. V. Gorbunov, P. P. Gensen, P. N. Sakulin, A. A. Kizevetter called for democratic reforms in their lectures and criticized the foundations of the monarchy. Among other politicized communities of the University, the Latvian Social-Democratic group, which included M. I. Latsis and I. V. Tsivtsivadze, was especially prominent. Many students united around Social Democrat Ts. Zelikson-Bobrovskaya and Bolshevik A. A. Znamensky. The students of Shanyavskii University equipped a printing house and printed leaflets of revolutionary content. On the account of frequent cases of political agitation in the student environment, university lectures were attended by the police. Nevertheless, despite the police surveillance, the atmosphere at the university was quite liberal, and the revolutionary-minded associations continued to thrive there. The revolutionary events that were prepared with such energy (among others) by students of the A. L. Shanyavskii University and liberal-minded part of their professors, eventually led to greater collapse of the ideals of accessible higher education that A.L. Shanyavskii preached. The Bolsheviks, having received the reins of government in 1917, could not establish a working system of administration or even approximate the however well established pre-revolutionary order, and thereupon in 1920 the University of A.L. Shanyavskii ceased to exist. Several documents found in the State Archive of the Russian Federation allow to recreate the historical picture of the revolutionary movement within the walls of the Moscow City People's University.
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Bragina, Natalia, and Jelena Jermolajeva. "THE DOLL IN THE PAINTINGS OF THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: HERMENEUTIC ANALYSIS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 20, 2020): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.4859.
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The semantics of the doll in painting is not sufficiently investigated in art history and culture studies. The doll is never an accidental or unimportant component of a painting; it reveals deep psychological and symbolic undertones, complicates and concretizes the content of the painting. Each art style deals with this topic in its own way. The aim of the article is to analyse the interpretation of the image of the doll in various styles of painting of the second half of the XIX century – beginning of the XX century: in realistic painting, in symbolism, impressionism, and modernism. The research methods are the analysis of literature, the descriptive method, the hermeneutic method, and the comparative analysis method. The article may be useful for researchers in art and cultural studies, and can be used at school and university courses in the History of Art and Culture.
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Boutry, Philippe. "Barnet Singer, Village Notables in 19th Century France. Priests, Mayors, Schoolmasters, Albany, State University of New York, 1983, 197 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 41, no. 3 (1986): 736–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900076174.
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Olczak, Z. "Creating the collection of Russian books in the Library of the Warsaw educational district in 1832–1850." Bibliosphere, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2020-1-65-72.
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The author discusses the process of creating the collection of Russian books in the first half of the 19th century in the contemporary Library of University in Warsaw. Three types of sources were used: 1) the reports of the superintendents of the Warsaw Education District prepared in 1841–1860 and stored as part of the archival collections of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Empire in Russian State Historical Archives in StPetersburg; 2) the printed catalog of A. F. Smirdin Library – a copy with annotations of Warsaw librarians held by the University Library in Warsaw; 3) a hand-written catalog of Russian books held by the Library of Warsaw Education District in 1850 stored in the Archives of the University Library in Warsaw. Their analysis allowed the author the following statements about the collection of the Russian books: 1) in 1850 the collection included 4055 titles in 6493 volumes; 2) this collection makes 9% of the whole Library collection; 3) the subject of the collection is humanities (Russian literature, Russian philology, history of Russia and world history, theology and religion nearly absent); 4) the collection is of a very high cultural value (it includes rare and valuable editions of books of most prominent Russian writers of the first half of the 19th century, for instance first editions of Pushkin’s works); 5) main trends in Russian books acquisition were the history of Russia, politics, fictions and analyses of these works.
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Tahirova, Natalya. "Imam Shamil's manuscripts in the collections of Princeton University (from the history of Daghestan's book culture in the 19th century)." Central Asian Survey 21, no. 3 (2002): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0263493022000040023.
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Karpachev, M. D. "Foundation of Voronezh State University." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 8-9 (2018): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-8-9-126-134.
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The article is devoted to the history of foundation of University in Voronezh. The idea of establishing a regional university appeared since the beginning of the 19th century. This issue had already been discussed by Voronezh society and the educational community. Nevertheless, the implementation of this idea became possible only in 1918 when the Russian teaching staff of former Yuriev (Derpt) University was evacuated from Estonia to Russia. This relocation was not a random event since Voronezh was an administrative, economic and cultural centre of Black Earth Region of Russia. In the early XIX it had been planned that it would be one of the Russian cities where the universities should be open. In 1879 the newspaper Novoe vremya published the article “Voronezh University” where the author raised the question of establishing a University. In 1907–1908 the idea was substantiated by an eminent geographer P. Semenov- Tyan-Shansky. And only in spring 1918, when Yuriev was occupied by Germans and the professors of Yuriev University were looking for a new location, the question was settled at the governmental level. In autumn 1918 the first lecture was delivered and the history of Voronezh University began.
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Jeleček, Leoš, Pavel Chromý, and Jiří Martínek. "Development of geography at Charles University in the context of Czech geography since the middle of the 19th century." Geografie 111, no. 4 (2006): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2006111040343.
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The article informs readers of the monothematic issue of Geografie journal devoted to the 150th anniversary of geography at Charles University in Prague about historical roots of geography at Prague University in the context of its development in Czechia during the last 150 years. The aim of the contribution is not to assess either the history of geographical thinking or the latest history of geography, but to present above all the development of personal and institutional backing of scientific and pedagogical activities in Czech geography. When assessing this development, the authors take account of the fact that Czech geography, as a discipline of science at Charles University, was developing in relatively frequently changing and sensibly different constitutional and political systems, socio-economical and socio-cultural conditions and also in different geopolitical situations and links of the Czech state. Besides external conditions that have been determining the changes of geography, the authors stress also the role of internal (subjective) factors - existence of key personalities of the discipline (fathers founders), their capacity to get recognition in the international context and to form their continuators.
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Gracheva, Yulia E. "Public Schools of Dorpat District in the Beginning of the Reign of Emperor Alexander the First." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 2 (2021): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.203.
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The purpose of the article is to show the nature of the relationship between Emperor Alexander I, professor of the University of Dorpat Georg Friedrich Parrot and members of the Ministry of Public Education in the process of discussing the reform of parish schools in the Dorpat educational district at the beginning of the 19th century. Professor Parrot became the author of a project on the establishment of parish schools in the district, and his close friendship with the king made it possible to hope for the approval of his ideas by the minister. However, having received the initial support of the emperor, the Dorpat professor faced resistance from some members of the Main Directorate of Schools who did not want to amend the decisions which had already been adopted, and then the military conflict with France became a serious obstacle to the implementation of the planned transformations. Over the course of two years, Parrot had made changes to the text of the draft three times, but could not achieve the final consent of Alexander I. The author comes to the conclusion that Parrot’s desire to get special conditions and partial state maintenance for parish schools of the Dorpat district was unfeasible given the context of the protracted war and the worst financial crisis. The article introduces into scholarship an unpublished correspondence between the emperor and the Dorpat professor, which significantly supplements the idea of the reforms of public education in the first decade of the 19th century.