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Journal articles on the topic 'Purgatory – Early works to 1800'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Ciappara, Frans. "Confraternal Charity in Early Modern Malta." Church History and Religious Culture 100, no. 1 (2020): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10001.

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Abstract This article has two main aims. It shows that the members of confraternities gained merit by dispensing the works of corporal mercy identified in Matthew 25, 42–43; their almsgiving made them pleasing to God and reduced their days in purgatory. Charity, though, is beneficial both to the donor and the receiver. The poor are helped materially in their indigence but the basic welfare, with which the brothers of companies provide them, preserves them from sin, imperiled by the ignorance that poverty brings. The article is based on several sources but especially on the archives of the conf

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Hübner, Wolfgang. "Unterwelt und Purgatorium." Elenchos 37, no. 1-2 (2016): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/elen-2016-371-210.

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Abstract In this thesis the different notions of Hades that appear in the heterogeneous works of gre co-roman literature are in quired and interpreted with enormous scrutiny. The philosophical texts are written mostly by Plato and the Platonists (in particular Heraclides Ponticus, Plutarchus, and Proclus). They have to be compared with Christian ideas of purgatory originating in the early Middle Ages. Eschatology must be explained not only with regard to the cosmologies, that change during the centuries, but also on a solid base of astronomical and astrological knowledge.

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Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid, and Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim. "Analyse Malay Fiqh Works Writing 1600-1800." Al-Muqaddimah: Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, no. 2 (2018): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no2.6.

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In essence, this article will focus on the subject classical Malay fiqh works 1600-1800. Classical Malay fiqh works are Malay intellectual works produced by Malay Muslim scholars in various topics of Islamic law including worship (ibadah), commercial transaction law (muamalah), family law (munakahat) and others. This fiqh Malay work played an important role in Malay society at the beginning of Islamic development in the Malay world. It is a means of communication, scientific knowledge or developmental science. The premise of this article analyzes the writing of fiqh works that developed in the

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Špelda, Daniel. "Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)." Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, no. 4 (2017): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.

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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be th

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Bowers, Katherine. "Ghost Writers: Radcliffiana and the Russian Gothic Wave." Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, no. 2 (2021): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/tvct9530.

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Ann Radcliffe’s novels were extremely popular in early nineteenth-century Russia. Publication of her work in Russian translation propelled the so-called gothic wave of 1800-10. Yet, many of the works Radcliffe was known for in Russia were not written by her; rather, they were works by others that were attributed to Radcliffe. This article traces the publication and translation histories of Radcliffiana on the Russian book market of 1800-20. Building on JoEllen DeLucia’s concept of a “corporate Radcliffe” in the anglophone world, this article proposes a Russian corporate Radcliffe. Identifying,

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Smyth, Marina. "The Origins of Purgatory through the Lens of Seventh-Century Irish Eschatology." Traditio 58 (2003): 91–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900003007.

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Many of the surviving texts associated with seventh-century Ireland deal with eschatology. In general, these texts convey assumptions on the fate of the soul after death that are consistent with the traditional Christian view in late antiquity in the West, namely, that the ultimate destiny of most Christians will not be determined till the great universal judgment at the end of time. To illustrate this point I will adduce the theological treatise Liber de ordine creaturarum and the moral treatise De XII abusiuis saeculi, as well as religious poetry and hagiographical works, and set them in the

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SAMPSON, MARGARET. "‘THE WOE THAT WAS IN MARRIAGE’: SOME RECENT WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND EUROPE." Historical Journal 40, no. 3 (1997): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007437.

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Marriage and the English Reformation. By Eric Josef Carlson. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. ix+276. ISBN 0-631-16864-8. £45.00Gender, sex and subordination in England, 1550–1800. By Anthony Fletcher. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii+442. ISBN 0-300-06531-0. £19.95.Domestic dangers: women, words, and sex in early modern London. By Laura Gowing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. 301. ISBN 0-19-820517-1. £35.00.The prospect before her: a history of women in western Europe, Volume one, 1500–1800. By Olwen Hufton. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Pp. xiv+654. ISBN 0-00255120-9

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Ståhle Sjönell, Barbro. "Det tidiga 1800-talets svenska novellistik." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 43, no. 2 (2013): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v43i2.10840.

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Swedish Short Stories in the Early 19th Century. Publication and Subgenres The present study of Swedish short stories published between the years 1810 and 1829 illustrates that authors representing the Romantic Movement made special efforts to put the short story on the market. At V. F. Palmblad’s publishing house, German contemporary short stories were translated and distributed, later followed by Swedish contributions to the genre, which appeared primarily in literary magazines. Only a small number of short stories were published over the course of these 19 years, and the means of publ

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Vogler, Nikolai, Kartik Goyal, Kishore PV Reddy, et al. "Contrastive Attention Networks for Attribution of Early Modern Print." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 4 (2023): 5285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25659.

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In this paper, we develop machine learning techniques to identify unknown printers in early modern (c.~1500--1800) English printed books. Specifically, we focus on matching uniquely damaged character type-imprints in anonymously printed books to works with known printers in order to provide evidence of their origins. Until now, this work has been limited to manual investigations by analytical bibliographers. We present a Contrastive Attention-based Metric Learning approach to identify similar damage across character image pairs, which is sensitive to very subtle differences in glyph shapes, ye

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King, Martina. "Gesteinsschichten, Tasthaare, Damenmoden: Epistemologie des Vergleichens zwischen Natur und Kultur – um und nach 1800." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, no. 2 (2020): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0014.

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AbstractThis paper investigates comparison as a fundamental practice within the early life sciences. Four episodes are selected that show how comparing species works in the early 19th century and how it builds bridges between scientific and literary culture: comparing living organisms in pre-Darwinian natural history (Lacépède, Treviranus), comparing species distribution in actualistic geology (Lyell), comparing organs in comparative anatomy (Müller), and – last but not least – comparing social classes in new literary genres such as sketch, ‘Paris physiology’, or travel feuilleton.

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Lappo-Danilevskii, Konstantin. "Gavriil R. Derzhavin’s The Bullfinch: Textual Criticism and History of Composition." Slovene 13, no. 2 (2024): 113–34. https://doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2024.2.04.

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The paper surveys the history of composition of Gavriil R. Derzhavin’s The Bullfinch (1800), a famous poem on the death of the celebrated Russian military commander Alexander V. Suvorov (1730–1800). An analysis of three versions of these elegiac stanzas demonstrates how Derzhavin consistently improved his style and metrics (the poem is written in a rare logaoedic verse form). A comparison of all editions and manuscripts makes clear that Derzhavin did not notice a typographical error in the twenty-second line of The Bullfinch in the second part of his Works, which was published in 1808 in Saint

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Oostindie, Gert, and Jessica Vance Roitman. "Repositioning the Dutch in the Atlantic, 1680–1800." Itinerario 36, no. 2 (2012): 129–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000605.

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After some decades of historical debate about the early modern Atlantic, it has become a truism that the Atlantic may better be understood as a world of connections rather than as a collection of isolated national sub-empires. Likewise, it is commonly accepted that the study of this interconnected Atlantic world should be interdisciplinary, going beyond traditional economic and political history to include the study of the circulation of people and cultures. This view was espoused and expanded upon in the issue of Itinerario on the nature of Atlantic history published thirteen years ago—the sa

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Liljas, Juvas Marianne. "”Från pappas lydige Henric”: Pedagogiska perspektiv på det tidiga 1800-talets bildningsresande." Nordic Journal of Educational History 6, no. 2 (2019): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v6i2.151.

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“From daddy’s obedient Henric”: Pedagogical perspectives on educational travel of the early 1800s. This article analyses educational travel in the early 1800s from the perspective of its educational heritage and praxis. The aim is to develop an understanding of the pedagogical significance of educational travel. The article makes clear how upbringing and education are represented in the framework of travel narratives in pre-industrial landscapes. The argument is based on the influence of the mercantile class on educational travel and the informal effect of these trips on changes in pedagogical

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Ostaric, Lara. "Absolute Freedom and Creative Agency in Early Schelling." Philosophisches Jahrbuch 119, no. 1 (2012): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0031-8183-2012-1-69.

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bstract. By arguing that the connection between Schelling’s reception of Plato and Kant’s conception of genius is relevant for Schelling’s early development, this essay demonstrates the following: (1) that Schelling’s early Idealism brings to the general problem that plagues German Idealists, i.e., the search for an unconditioned principle that unites theoretical and practical reason, the solution that is genuinely his own, this original solution consisting in Schelling’s conception of “creative reason [schöpfersiche Vernunft]”; (2) that the theme of an absolutely free creative subjectivity is

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Nikolsky, Evgeny Vladimirovich, and Elena Vyacheslavovna Papilova. "Imagological aspects of travelogues by the second-row Russian sentimentalists." Philology. Theory & Practice 17, no. 11 (2024): 4218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240595.

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By analyzing works of second-row sentimentalist writers of the early 19th century, the research aims to identify the imagological aspects peculiar to the travelogues of these authors. The article contains imagological analysis of four sentimental travelogues: “The Journey through the Whole Crimea and Bessarabia in 1799” by P. I. Sumarokov (1800), “The Journey to Kazan, Vyatka and Orenburg in 1800” by M. I. Nevzorov (1800), “The Journey to Ukraine” by P. I. Shalikov (1803), “Letters from London” by P. I. Makarov (1805). The researchers make conclusions pertaining to the manner and methods of de

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Fokin, Alexander Anatolyevich. "Philosophical Principles of Heinrich Klee’s Theology (1800–1840)." Philosophy of Religion: Analytic Researches 6, no. 1 (2022): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2587-683x-2022-6-1-24-36.

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The article focuses on the study of the dogmatic works of Heinrich Klee (1800–1840) in relation to his criticism and reception of contemporary philosophical systems. The dogmatic theology of Heinrich Klee is a little-studied page in the history of Catholic religious thought in the first half of the 19th century, yet for his contemporaries Klee was a significant thinker, and his theology was the subject of active discussion. The works of Klee are known to have been criticized more than once in connection with the possible borrowing of philosophical ideas in his dogmatic theology. This criticism

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Trivellato, Francesca. "What Differences Make a Difference? Global History and Microanalysis Revisited." Journal of Early Modern History 27, no. 1-2 (2023): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10057.

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Abstract This article discusses a number of scholarly trends that fall under the rubric of global history, with particular regard for those that address the early modern period (c.1400–1800). It stresses the rubric’s lack of coherence from both a methodological and ideological perspective. Most importantly, it revisits longstanding debates about the intersection of microanalysis and global history by assessing landmark works by Italian microhistorians, scholars of the so-called great divergence, and historians of climate and the environment. In so doing, it also asks how recent contributions b

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Shumakov, Andrey. "Gabriel's Failed Revolution of 1800: Causes and Prerequisites." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1(61) (December 15, 2023): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-61-1-186-203.

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This work is devoted to a very little-studied topic of the Virginia Slave Conspiracy led by Gabriel and is the first study of this issue in Russian historiography. The present article analyzes in detail the causes and prerequisites of the failed uprising of 1800. At the same time, the author relies on the published materials of the trial and the works of leading Western researchers.  The first part is devoted directly to the history of studying this issue. Using historical-genetic and retrospective methods, the author traces the influence of foreign policy, domestic political, social, ec

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Gommans, Jos. "Trade and Civilization around the Bay of Bengal, c. 1650–1800." Itinerario 19, no. 3 (1995): 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021331.

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About seven years ago the journalItinerarioissued a special volume on theAncien Régimein India and Indonesia that carried the papers presented at the third Cambridge-Leiden-Delhi-Yogyakarta conference. The aim of the conference was a comparative one in which state-formation, trading net-works and socio-political aspects of Islam were the major topics. Thumbing through the pages of this issue (while preparing this essay) I had the impression that the results of the conference went beyond its initial comparative goals. Directly or indirectly, several papers stressed that during the early-modern

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McCreedy, Jonathan. "From Confessio to Calderón de la Barca: the Literary Evolution of St. Patrick’s Biography and the Question of his Legacy." University of Bucharest Review. Literary and Cultural Studies Series 11, no. 2 (2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/ubr.11.2.1.

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In the following text, I will discuss the gradual erosion of historical accuracy in connection to a series of hagiographic texts concerning the biography of Saint Patrick, Ireland’s patron saint. I will outline each one against a wide historical and cultural backdrop and subsequently ascertain whether or not the changes that hagiographers introduced over the centuries have been detrimental to his legacy. The texts I have chosen to analyse can be separated into two major time periods: the first being the trio of works that construct the absolute basics of the Saint Patrick legend, all originati

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Cvejić, Žarko. "From "Bach" to "Bach's son": The work of aesthetic ideology in the historical reception of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach." New Sound, no. 54-2 (2019): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1954090c.

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The paper explores the historical correlation between the marginalization of C. P. E. Bach in his posthumous critical reception in the early and mid 19th century and the paradigm shift that occurred in the philosophical, aesthetic, and ideological conception of music in Europe around 1800, whereby music was reconceived as a radically abstract and disembodied art of expression, as opposed to the Enlightenment idea of music as an irreducibly sensuous, sonic art of representation. More precisely, the paper argues that the cause of C. P. E. Bach's marginalization in his posthumous critical recepti

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Shcherbakova, Anna E. "TO CHILDREN ABOUT ART: DOMESTIC ILLUSTRATED EDITIONS OF THE 1800–1820S." Arts education and science 1, no. 38 (2024): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202401140.

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This article is devoted to the visual language of children’s books and magazines of the first third of the XIXth century on the theme of art. The cultural and historical context of the development of illustrated literature on this topic is considered. The most popular plots and the artistic features of the published images are identified. A comparison is made of illustrations in Russian-language versions of books and foreign originals. The relationship between the publication format and graphic content is determined, as well as the options for interaction between text and picture. The most str

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Soyer, FrançOis. "Authoritative Sources: Hagiography, Local History, and the Antisemitic Child Murder Libel in Early Modern Spain." Antisemitism Studies 9, no. 1 (2025): 71–100. https://doi.org/10.2979/ast.00044.

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Abstract: This article focuses on the role that early modern printed works played in the preservation and dissemination of two child murder narratives in Spain that have endured to the present day: those of Dominguito de Val and the Holy Child of La Guardia. It seeks to address the following questions: how did the narratives of Dominguito de Val and the Holy Child of La Guardia survive through the early modern period (broadly 1500 to 1800); were such tales transmitted primarily via antisemitic polemics or rather via authoritative sources whose purpose was not primarily antisemitic? To begin, t

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Girard, Philip. "Themes and Variations in Early Canadian Legal Culture: Beamish Murdoch and hisEpitome of the Laws of Nova-Scotia." Law and History Review 11, no. 1 (1993): 101–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743601.

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Beamish Murdoch (1800–76) was a young man when the first of the four volumes of hisEpitome of the Laws of Nova-Scotiarolled off Joseph Howe's press at Halifax in the spring of 1832. He was an old man when the first installment of his three-volumeHistory of Nova-Scotia, or Acadieappeared under James Barnes's imprint in the spring of 1865. These two works have received surprisingly disparate attention in the century since Murdoch's death. Today it is Murdoch the historian who is well known: No treatment of nineteenth-century Canadian historiography would omit reference to hisHistory. Murdoch's c

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MacKay, James S. "The Second Repeat in Beethoven's Sonata-Form Movements: Tonal, Formal and Motivic Strategies." Music Theory and Analysis (MTA) 8, no. 1 (2021): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/mta.8.1.1.

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Around the middle of the Classical period, there was a paradigm shift concerning sectional repeats in sonata-form movements. Whereas previously the repeat of both halves (exposition and development/recapitulation) was virtually pro forma, by the late 1700s composers typically only indicated the first repeat. When composers began to indicate the second repeat infrequently, this decision took on greater musical significance.<br/> Whereas Haydn and Mozart indicated the second repeat frequently, even in their late works, Beethoven indicated this repeat rarely (nineteen times in works with op

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de Vos, Machteld. "In Between Description and Prescription: Analysing Metalanguage in Normative Works on Dutch 1550–1650." Languages 7, no. 2 (2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020089.

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This paper is the first to perform a systematic quantitative analysis of the arguments used to motivate selections in grammatical entries from normative works on Standard Dutch written between ca. 1550 and 1650. Thus, it aims to obtain insight into what language ideologies were characteristic of this early modern period, what these reveal about how Standard Dutch took shape in its initiating phase, and what the differences are between the codification of Dutch in the early modern period (16th/17th century) and the (post)modern period (20th/21st century; analysed in earlier studies). Although c

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Kasatkin, Konstantin. "In Search of One’s Self: Russian Travelers in the Balkans in 1800–1830s." Russian History 48, no. 1 (2022): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340023.

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Abstract In this paper, we are going to demonstrate that the writings of Russian travelers of the early 19th century laid the foundation of a discourse of Slavism. The travelers stopped perceiving the Balkans as part of the Near East and began considering them as ‘Ours’. This allowed the Russians to assert their identity within the boundaries of the European community while simultaneously separating themselves from the Roman-Germanic “West”. We examined four different types of descriptions of the Balkans by Russian travelers of the 1800–1830s. The authors’ approaches to these narratives were e

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Vickers, Anita. "Social Corruption and the Subversion of the American Success Story in Arthur Mervyn." Prospects 23 (October 1998): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006293.

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Because both parts of Charles Brockden Brown's Arthur Mervyn; or, Memoirs of the Year 1793 (1799–1800) were clearly not composed under the same creative impetus as his other novels were (critics conjecture that the novel was written in three segments within a two-year span), the novel as a whole evinces the author's propensity to improvise more than any of his other works do (Ringe, 49). Early critics, notably R. W. B. Lewis (The American Adam) and David Lee Clark (Pioneer Voice in America), choose to ignore and/or gloss over the troublesome second part. Later criticism, however, deals with bo

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Worsley, Peter. "The Rhetoric of Paintings: Towards a History of Balinese Ideas, Imaginings and Emotions in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 9, no. 1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2019.v09.i01.p02.

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   Western historical scholarship has taught us much about Southeast Asia in the period between 1800 and 1940. This was a time when the insistent, intensifying and transforming influence of Dutch colonial society and its culture became widespread in Bali and more broadly in the archipelago. Much too has been written about the analytical framework of European histories of these times. In this essay I discuss Balinese paintings from this same period which shed light on how painters and their works spoke to their viewers both about how the Balinese knew, imagined, thought and fe

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Kent, Joan. "The Rural ‘Middling Sort’ in Early Modern England, circa 1640–1740: Some Economic, Political and Socio-Cultural Characteristics." Rural History 10, no. 1 (1999): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001679.

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A middle class ‘did not begin to discover itself (except perhaps in London) until the last three decades of the [eighteenth] century’. So wrote E. P. Thompson in the 1970s in a now-famous analysis which divided English society into patricians and plebeians, and which, along with J. H. Hexter's ‘The Myth of the Middle Class in Tudor England’, largely eliminated ‘middle class’ from the vocabulary of early modern English historians. During the past decade, however, there has been renewed focus on the middle ranks in early modern England, now commonly labelled ‘the middling sort’, and such studies

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Guskov, Nikolai. "A Chevalier Of A Sentimemtal Epoch: The Biography Of A Little Aristocrat." Children's Readings: Studies in Children's Literature 20, no. 2 (2021): 201–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/2304-5817-2021-2-20-201-229.

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The article presents the forgotten book “The Model of Children, or the Life of the Little Count Platon Zubov” (1801), written in French by A. S. Vsevolozhskaya and translated into Russian by S. Sokovnin. The son of General Valerian Zubov (a favorite of Catherine II) died in 1800 at the age of 4 and a half years and is presented in the book as an ideal child. The text is examined in the context of literature about children of the 18th — early 19th centuries. We can see here the influence of A.-F.-J. Freville’s “Life of the famouses children”. Compared with most of the texts, “Model of Children”

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Guskov, Nikolai. "A Chevalier Of A Sentimemtal Epoch: The Biography Of A Little Aristocrat." Children's Readings: Studies in Children's Literature 20, no. 2 (2021): 201–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/2304-5817-2021-2-20-201-229.

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The article presents the forgotten book “The Model of Children, or the Life of the Little Count Platon Zubov” (1801), written in French by A. S. Vsevolozhskaya and translated into Russian by S. Sokovnin. The son of General Valerian Zubov (a favorite of Catherine II) died in 1800 at the age of 4 and a half years and is presented in the book as an ideal child. The text is examined in the context of literature about children of the 18th — early 19th centuries. We can see here the influence of A.-F.-J. Freville’s “Life of the famouses children”. Compared with most of the texts, “Model of Children”

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33

Cimachowicz, Konrad, and Łukasz Jan Korporowicz. "English Law and Tadeusz Czacki: Analysis of References to English Legal Sources in Czacki’s Opus Magnum." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 102 (April 25, 2023): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.102.06.

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Tadeusz Czacki was one of the key figures who participated in the great scholarly discussions about the history, sources of development, and the position of Roman law in old Polish law. The discussion initiated by Czacki and Jan Wincenty Bandtkie in the early years of the nineteenth century lasted for many decades. Its consequences are still present today in modern Polish legal history scholarship. Although Czacki was an author of several legal treatises, most of his pivotal concepts regarding the above-mentioned issues were presented by him in his opus magnum, i.e. O litewskich i polskich pra

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FREEDMAN, JEFFREY. "THE DANGERS WITHIN: FEARS OF IMPRISONMENT IN ENLIGHTENMENT FRANCE." Modern Intellectual History 14, no. 2 (2016): 339–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244315000463.

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This article examines the changing nature of fear in Enlightenment France. While the growing power of the absolutist state reduced many traditional sources of insecurity, fears of state power proliferated during the eighteenth century, prompting leading figures of the French Enlightenment to turn their attention to the problem of political fear: its sources, its effects, and the means for overcoming it. One of the unifying aspects of the Enlightenment was its commitment to reducing the burden of fear in human existence. From that standpoint, however, political fear posed a particular challenge

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Bolt, Valentina. "Italian campaign of Alexander Suvorov in the historical works of his contemporaries." Annual of French Studies 57 (2024): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/0235-4349-2024-1-57-315-331.

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The historiography of Suvorov's Italian campaign includes a wide range of studies in different languages. The first publications on this topic came from the pen of contemporaries of those events already in 1799-1800. At the same time, two main trends in their coverage were formed, which exist to this day. The first is to consider the events of 1799 through the prism of Suvorov's military biography. His role in them is recognized by many historians from different countries as the most significant, although many other famous generals from both the allied and French armies participated in the cam

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Ganzerla, Luca. "The Role of French Publications in the Evolution of Modern Picturebooks: Illustrators and Serial Characters." Rivista di Storia dell’Educazione 12, no. 1 (2025): 27–40. https://doi.org/10.36253/rse-16864.

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Picturebooks (albums pour la jeunesse) first achieve an identity as media in their own right in the 19th century. Thanks to authors from different European countries and from the United States, the early 20th century brings about a transition from “modern” to “contemporary” picturebooks. This paper investigates the role of France both in fostering a change in the function of illustrations in children’s books and in the creation of a “grammar of the picturebook”. The analysis includes the contribution of some publishers (Hetzel, Hachette, Faucher) and artists (Grandville, Frølich, Job, Boutet d

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Belyaeva, Lyudmila A. "The structuration of Russian society in the 19th and early 20th century (based on the works of domestic researchers)." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 11, no. 2 (2020): 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2020.11.2.639.

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This article represents the first stage of a research project dedicated to analyzing the structuration of Russian society throughout the period since the mid 1800’s and until this day. The timeline for part one includes the period up until 1917, while part two will be dedicated to Soviet and post-Soviet times. This article utilizes the methodology of A. Giddens, who suggested using the term “structuration” in order to analyze social relationships in space and time. This methodology implies examining structuration processes through the lens of those studies which were conducted during periods w

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Patsch, Hermann. "Friedrich Schleiermachers Monologen und der Athenaeums-Kreis Wirkungsabsicht und Wirkungswandel einer frühromantischen Schrift." Journal for the History of Modern Theology / Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 30, no. 1 (2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znth-2023-0001.

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Abstract Schleiermacher’s anonymous Soliloquies of 1800 were written as a Supplement to his likewise anonymous book On Religion, Speeches to its Cultured Despisers of 1799. They are addressed to the circle of intellectuals around the early Romantic periodical Athenaeum, to the „Holy family“ (Friedrich Schlegel), and moreover to the despisers of Transcendental philosophy whose state of discussion is reflected. Thus they belong to the history of modern individual thought. The form of the book follows the contemporary imitation of classical poetic form (Hölderlin) which was prevalent among the At

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Sidabraitė, Žavinta. "Kristijonas Donelaitis and Christian Gottlieb Mielcke: A Creator and his Knight." Senoji Lietuvos literatūra 37 (June 1, 2014): 235–56. https://doi.org/10.51554/sll.2014.29281.

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Christian Gottlieb Mielcke was the first contributor to Lithuanian writing who not only understood and appreciated the talent of Kristijonas Donelaitis but also undertook the publishing of fragments of his creative work. Both works in which Mielcke published parts of Donelaitis’ work appeared in Karaliaučius in 1800. These were the grammar Anfangs=Grnde einer Littau∫chen Sprach=Lehre and the bilingual dictionary Littaui∫ch=deut∫ches und Deut∫ch-littaui∫ches Wrter=Buch. In the chapter on poetics, which is a part of the grammar, Mielcke publishes eighteen lines from ‘The Autumn’s Riches’ and ‘

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Shukla, Dr Ramesh Kumar. "THE THEME OF 'SPIRITUAL EXISTENCE IN NATURE' IN THE POEMS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS." International Journal of Language, Linguistics, Literature and Culture 03, no. 06 (2024): 23–27. https://doi.org/10.59009/ijlllc.2024.0090.

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William Wordsworth (7 April 1770- 23 April 1850), was the poet of the movement of the romantic revival. He believed that an invisible power is working behind the whole activities of Nature. He was priest, harbinger, slave as well as master of Nature. Wordsworth with S.T. Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English with the joint publication of Lyrical Ballad in 1798. He was poet Laureate from 1843 to 1850. One of his most famous works is Prelude (1799) that is a romantic epic and semi-autobiographical poem, considered his magnum opus. He has enriched English Literature with his lar

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Komlós, Katalin. "After Mozart: The Viennese piano scene in the 1790s." Studia Musicologica 49, no. 1-2 (2008): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/smus.49.2008.1-2.2.

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The last decade of the eighteenth century was a transitional period in the political as well as the cultural history of Europe. Aesthetic values underwent far-reaching changes everywhere: the field of keyboard music and keyboard performance was no exception. In Vienna, the once legendary performances of W.A. Mozart already seemed out of date for some musicians before the turn of the century. ‘Pearly’ playing gave way to singing legato style, and the occasional use of damper pedals. Of course, the appearance of the young Beethoven made a profound effect on the Viennese piano scene. He competed

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Musser, Jordan. "Carl Czerny's Mechanical Reproductions." Journal of the American Musicological Society 72, no. 2 (2019): 363–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2019.72.2.363.

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This article reassesses the “mechanical” style of playing featured in Carl Czerny's pedagogical works and keyboard arrangements—specifically, the Complete Theoretical and Practical Piano Forte School, op. 500 (1839), its supplementary text Letters to a Young Lady (ca. 1840), and the four-hand transcription of Beethoven's Symphony no. 9 in D Minor, op. 125 (the “Choral”). The first part of the article situates opus 500 within the larger pedagogical milieu of Biedermeier music culture and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's progressivist educational reforms, exploring the way it tasked predominantly wo

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Sedes, Fatma, and Tarık Sana. "ŞAH SULTAN COMPLEX, EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL and FOUNTAIN-RESTORATION SUGGESTIONS." Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication 15, no. 3 (2025): 1029–45. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1674118.

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The Şah Sultan Complex, built in 1800-1801 by Şah Sultan, the sister of Selim III, consists of a sebil- küttâp, outbuildings, a fountain, and a hazira, which the Sultan endowed. Dating to the end of the eighteenth century, the Şah Sultan’s Sıbyan Mekteb and Sebil are unique structures called sebil-küttâp, which were designed with the function of a sebil on the lower floor and a school on the upper floor. This new type of building emerged in Egypt under Mamluk rule and was built in two different types in the Mamluk and Istanbul traditions over time. Sıbyan Mektepleri, which formed the cornersto

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Barasa, Darius. "Should Gottfried Ostermeyer be Considered an Amateur Historian?" Senoji Lietuvos literatūra 41 (June 27, 2016): 45–82. https://doi.org/10.51554/sll.2016.28947.

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The paper focuses on historical studies by Gottfried Ostermeyer (1716–1800) with the aim of assessing the extent of amateurishness and scholarship in his historical works. The emergence of history as a field of study and as a separate discipline and of the issue of whether the scholars into the past of the Epoch of Enlightenment can be seen as professional historians are also addressed. The author attempts to assess Ostermeyer’s works against the general background of the studies into the past in Prussia during the particular period and to determine how his works were engaged in the academic c

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Verkhovykh, Lyudmila N. "TO THE STUDY OF THE ORIGINS OF DOMESTIC LINGUISTIC LOCAL HISTORY STUDIES AND REGIONAL ONOMASTICS." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 26, no. 1 (2022): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2022-1-81-93.

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The article presents an analysis of scientific literature devoted to the study of the linguistic local history direction of language learning. The aim of the work is to describe the origins of Russian linguistic local history, regional onomastics based on the use of textological analysis, descriptive method, elements of comparative and comparative-historical methods. The material of the research is presented by works that have a linguistic local history character, starting from the 30s of 18th century. Based on the analysis of scientific works of the 18th and early 19th centuries, including th

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Lippit, Yukio. "Puppy Love: The Legacy of Yi Am’s Paintings in Edo-Period Japan." Korean Journal of Art History 313 (March 31, 2022): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31065/kjah.313.202203.002.

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This essay examines the Japanese reception of the Korean painter Yi Am 李巌(b. 1499), and by extension considers the relationship between ink painting technique and pictorial meaning. In particular, it examines how Yi Am’s unique approach to the painting of puppies with blended washes of ink opened up new interpretive possibilities among Japanese viewers. Although Yi Am’s puppy paintings appear to have been circulating in Japan as early as the seventeenth century, they were misattributed to Chinese painters such as Mao Yi, and Yi Am’s seal was mistaken as belonging to a Japanese monk-painter of

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Burmistrov, Konstantin Yu. "Jewish Philosopher from Lithuanian Forests: On Solomon Maimon and His “Autobiography”." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 2 (2022): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-2-135-145.

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Solomon Maimon (1753–1800), one of the most significant Jewish philosophers of modern times, in his writings tried to critically approach the tradition of Jewish thought and compare its teachings with the views of European philosophers. In recent decades, he and his views have attracted close attention of historians of philosophy. Recently, seven volumes of his works were published in Russia, translated from German and Hebrew. One of his most famous books is his Lebensgeschichte (Autobiography), an autobiography written by him in the 1790s and revealing both the stages of his life path and s

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Tuft, Karsten. "Pædagogik – opdragelse. Frihed og demokrati. Kausalitet og totaliserende elementer." Forskning i Pædagogers Profession og Uddannelse 1, no. 2 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fppu.v1i2.97720.

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ResuméBegreberne pædagogik, opdragelse, frihed, demokrati, kausalitet og totaliserende elementer analyseres ud fra sprogteorien i filosofisk hermeneutik (Gadamer). I Oplysningstiden ser vi en konfrontation mellem pædagogik (Pädagogik), som føres frem af de nye socialvidenskaber (Sozialwissenschaft, Staats-; Achenwall, Schlözer), og opdragelse (Erziehung), som føres frem i filosofi (Kant). Oplysningstidens begreb om kausalitet i pædagogik (Schlözer; det, der virker) antages at være forbundet med vore dages totaliserende elementer (Rousseau, Arendt). Frihedens betydning i Oplysningstidens opdrag

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Amit, Mr. "Romanticism: Characteristics, Themes and Poets." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 5 (2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i5.11034.

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This paper examines about Romanticism or Romantic era, themes and some famous writers, poets and poems of romantic era. Romanticism is one of the repetitive topics that are connected to either creative mind, vision, motivation, instinct, or independence. The subject frequently condemns the past, worries upon reasonableness, disconnection of the essayist and pays tribute to nature. Gone before by Enlightenment, Romanticism brought crisp verse as well as extraordinary books in English Literature. Begun from England and spread all through Europe including the United States, the Romantic dev

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Shavrygin, Sergej M. "The functions of the “basic models” in the formation of a pastoral-sentimental genre matrix in N. M. Karamzin’s prose (“Wooden Leg”, “Eugene and Julia”)." International Journal “Speech Genres” 20, no. 1 (45) (2025): 78–86. https://doi.org/10.18500/2311-0740-2025-20-1-45-78-86.

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The article considers the category of “family resemblance” and the related category of “basic models” in the aspect of genre analysis using the example of two early works of N. M. Karamzin: the translation of S. Gesner’s idyll “Wooden Leg” and the first original story “Eugene and Julia”. The theory of “basic models” by J. Lakoff, created by the researcher for the needs of cognitive linguistics, with some reservations and modifications can be applied to the analysis of genre structures of both speech and literary genres. Using the method of dilution of form as a phenomenon and form as a structu

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