Relevant bibliographies by topics / Push-pull factors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Push-pull factors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Push-pull factors"

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Wang, De-gen. "Push-pull factors in mountain resorts." Chinese Geographical Science 14, no. 4 (2004): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11769-004-0043-x.

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Uysal, Muzaffer, and Claudia Jurowski. "Testing the push and pull factors." Annals of Tourism Research 21, no. 4 (1994): 844–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90091-4.

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EIJDENBERG, EMIEL L., and ENNO MASUREL. "ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION IN A LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRY: PUSH FACTORS AND PULL FACTORS AMONG MSEs IN UGANDA." Journal of Enterprising Culture 21, no. 01 (2013): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495813500027.

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The objective of this study is to explore entrepreneurial motivation in a least developed country (LDC), which can be divided into push factors and pull factors, without a priori separation between those which are necessity-driven and those which are opportunity-driven. This study shows that the premise "For people who start their own business in an LDC, push factors are more important than pull factors" can be rejected. In contrast to the findings from prior studies on entrepreneurship in LDCs, this study shows that push factors and pull factors are not mutually exclusive. In addition, this study shows that pull factors are even more important than push factors, and that therefore push factors only play a minor role for entrepreneurs. The overall implications are that motivation is a more combined, and nuanced construct, and that the Western concept of entrepreneurial motivation and method of measuring entrepreneurial motivation, are globally applicable.
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Tu, Hung-Ming. "Sustainable Heritage Management: Exploring Dimensions of Pull and Push Factors." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 8219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198219.

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While determining sustainable heritage development, it is important to consider how heritage satisfies human needs. The purpose of this study is to explore the pull and push factors in heritage tourism. This study generated 38 initial items of pull factor and 18 initial items of push factor toward heritage tourism to assess the significance of items influencing people’s decision to visit heritage sites. The study obtained 332 valid questionnaires to implement exploratory factor analysis to capture the pull and push factors. Four pull factors with 15 items and 2 push factors with 9 items were extracted. The pull factors consisted of heritage architecture, art activity, wide nature, and regional attraction, while the push factors comprised recreational benefits and long-term values. The study suggests that the heritage’s outdoor environment should be planned through wide landscaping and natural elements, while art activities can be promoted to enhance attractiveness.
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Wang, Ray, and Yuanhsu Lin. "Push-pull factors of E-Learning in the hotel industry." Industrial Management & Data Systems 114, no. 8 (2014): 1169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2014-0200.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adopt the Multi-Theme Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory to explore the push and pull factors for the usage of E-learning. Design/methodology/approach – The framework was developed from a review and synthesis of the literature. More specifically, gaps in the literature were identified and a push/pull factor for E-learning in hotel industry was investigated. Findings – This paper clarify the pull or push factors with the help of research conclusions and have a more direct and effective influence on the usage of E-learning for the employees of the hotel industry. Research limitations/implications – This study can serve as a foundation for future research in E-learning for the employees of the hotel industry. More specifically, expects to distinguish whether or not it is the push factor or the pull factor that has a more direct and effective influence on the utilization, which is an important contribution. Practical implications – The study evaluate pull or push factors affect learners and what is the degree of mutual influence regarding the interaction between each pull or push factor. Considerations and guidelines for hotel industry to improve E-learning applications are provided. Originality/value – To clarify the pull or push factors with the help of research conclusions and have a more direct and effective influence on the usage of E-learning for the employees of the hotel industry. Meanwhile, verify the process of E-learning whether or not self-regulated learning (SRL) will affect learners or how SRL affects learners.
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Chen, Li-Ju, and Wei-Peng Chen. "Push–pull factors in international birders' travel." Tourism Management 48 (June 2015): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.011.

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Leone. "Push Vs Pull: Factors Influence Student Retention." American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 1, no. 2 (2009): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2009.122.132.

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Madanoglu, Melih, Ilan Alon, and Amir Shoham. "Push and pull factors in international franchising." International Marketing Review 34, no. 1 (2017): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2015-0037.

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Purpose Using munificence, real options and ambidexterity theories, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the differential between home and host market environmental conditions affects US international franchising expansion. Design/methodology/approach The authors used firm-level panel data for 151 US-based franchising firms, from Bond’s Guide for Franchise Opportunities, for the years 1994-2008 plus macroeconomic data on the environment, to explain the probability of franchising. Findings The paper finds that the differential in economic growth and economic uncertainty impacts franchisors’ desire to expand abroad on a continual basis. Research limitations/implications Researchers in international franchising should not only focus on host market environmental variables (pull factors), but also on conditions in the home market (push factors). Originality/value The paper adds to environmental explanations of international franchising by focusing on the differential in munificence and uncertainty between home and host countries.
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Riwanti, Septiani, and Dwi Kartikasari. "PERSEPSI ANTARA TENAGA KERJA PENDATANG LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN TERHADAP PUSH AND PULL FACTORS." JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 3, no. 1 (2019): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaba.v3i1.1301.

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This research is aimed to know the difference of perception between National Migrant Workers of Men And Women Against Push And Pull Factors. The variable of push factors used in this research is that of job field, low wage, seeking capital and necessity of life. And pull factors are job opportunities, high wages, distance and culture. Then the data is processed using SPSS 20 software with parametric metode that is independent sample t test. The result of the research revealed that there is no difference of perception between men and women on the job field (push factor), there is no difference of perception between men and women to low wages (push factor), there is no difference of perception between men and women against looking for capital (push factor), there are differences of perceptions between men and women on the necessity of life (push factor), there are differences of perceptions between man and woman to job opportunity (pull factor), there are differences of perceptions between men (pull factor), there are differences in perceptions between men and women on the distance factor (pull factor) and there are differences in perceptions between men and women to the pull factor
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Costlow, Kyrsten, Leona Yeager, Shinae Choi, Beverly Roskos, and Patricia Parmelee. "Applying the Push-Pull Framework to Downsizing in Late Life." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1413.

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Abstract One of the most frequently cited theoretical models of relocation decision-making is Wiseman’s Behavioral Model of Elderly Migration. Based on this model, the present study used a push-pull framework to describe older adults’ reasons for downsizing to a smaller home. A sample of 68 older adults who had downsized in the past year provided reasons for moving from their previous residence (push factors) and reasons for moving specifically to their new residence (pull factors). Participants rated the importance of each push/pull factor using a (1) not at all important to (4) extremely important scale. On average, participants rated pull factors (M = 3.63, SD = .31) as slightly more important than push factors (M = 3.54, SD = .40) in their decision to move. The most frequently reported push factors were declining health (n = 47, 22%), having too much space or maintenance (n = 40, 19%), and disliking the location of their previous residence (n = 30, 14%). The most commonly reported pull factors were the attractive location of the new residence (n = 60, 28%), social factors (e.g., being closer to family and friends; n = 36, 17%), and services or amenities available in the new residence (n = 32, 15%). Qualitative responses will be presented to illustrate the interaction between push and pull factors in participants’ relocation decision-making. Findings are consistent with those identified in other studies on late-life relocation, establishing Wiseman’s behavioral model as a useful framework for investigating downsizing in late life.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Push-pull factors"

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Čibenková, Kateřina. "Analýza motivace a postojů k založení vlastního podnikání na základě push-pull teorie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377641.

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The topic of thesis is motivation of experienced employees toward to starting own business. The purpose is to identify the attitudes of respondents to leave their job and decide to start own business within push-pull theory. Research is carried out on the basis of questionnaire which is divided into three parts. Results of thesis will be suggestions for companies to reduce workers leaving the job depending on push factors.
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Ngobeni, Clara Claire Lobisa. "Identifying the push and pull factors of a medical tourism destination." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77916.

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Some tourists travel for medical reasons, and this is known as medical tourism. The growth of medical tourism is mainly spurred by globalisation and the availability of quality healthcare services in receiving countries. Once a medical need arises, a prospective medical tourist would usually search and gather information about prospective medical tourism destinations. Various push and pull factors would determine whether a destination will be selected by tourists to satisfy their medical needs. The aim of this study was thus to identify the push and pull factors of a medical tourism destination, and based on these, to measure South Africa’s performance as a medical tourism destination. Making use of a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 medical tourism tour operators. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Some of the push factors identified were the cost and lack of treatment/medical services in medical tourists’ home countries, the availability of expertise and medical facilities at the receiving destination, and the wish to avoid long waiting lists. The quality of hospitals, cost of surgery, expertise of the physicians, as well as the accessibility of destinations were indicated as the pull factors. The findings also show that medical tourists seem to be more interested in the reputation of the healthcare providers and hospitals than in typical tourist activities in medical tourism destinations. The findings of this study highlight the fact that South Africa is not known as a medical tourism destination. Hence there is a need for South Africa to be promoted by government and other stakeholders as a credible, affordable and accessible medical tourism destination. The study contributes to the available literature on medical tourism but from the perspective of medical tourism tour operators as major stakeholders in the medical tourism industry.<br>Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Tourism Management<br>MPhil<br>Unrestricted
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Mostert, Elsje. "Exploring push and pull factors experienced by South African self-initiated expatriates." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41274.

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A preliminary literature review indicated that not much research has been done on self-initiated expatriation (SIE), particularly in a South African context. The purpose of this study is twofold: Firstly, by reviewing previous research, this study aims to make a valuable contribution to the literature on SIE, particularly regarding the motivations behind SIE. Secondly, this study aims to explore and develop a deeper understanding of the push and pull factors experienced by South African self-initiated expatriates (SASIEs). An empirical, exploratory qualitative approach, through the utilisation of qualitative field research, was employed as a means of inquiry. Furthermore, interpretivism was used as a research paradigm. Purposive sampling was applied, and the sample used consisted of nine individual South African self-initiated expatriates who had been working in their host countries for a minimum of six months. Data were obtained through in-depth semi-structured interviews. By implication only a few research questions were generated to guide the interview; however, participants were not limited to certain responses. This allowed for rich data to be obtained that were systematically analysed using grounded theory analysis to steer the process in a practical manner through the transcription of data and the rigorous extraction of codes towards the results that could best answer the original set of research questions. Criteria for rigour, authenticity, trustworthiness and credibility were applied and demonstrated throughout. The conceptual framework of the study was kept in mind during the research, the themes that emerged were explored, and the findings that were reached were substantiated through an extensive literature review. The conclusion was reached that South African self-initiated expatriates experienced certain push factors from the home country (South Africa), and that there were equally strong or stronger pull factors to the host country. All these factors contributed to the participants’ decision to expatriate. Interestingly, there seemed to be no real push factors from the host country; these were rather perceived as challenges that had to be endured. Furthermore it seemed that, as far as the sample group in this study were concerned, South Africa did not offer strong pull factors, and that, if the participants were to repatriate to South Africa, it would be for sentimental reasons. This could hold some implications for South African organisations especially in terms of retaining skilled labour or attract the skilled labour who has already expatriated. Recommendations and opportunities regarding future research were also mentioned.<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>gm2014<br>Human Resource Management<br>unrestricted
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Gao, Guangyu, and 高光宇. "Push and pull factors in the Chinese international students' decisions of returning home." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209664.

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As the progress of globalization and internationalization, higher education has also entered into the stage of globalizing. Global student mobility, as one of the most obvious representatives of the globalization of higher education, has earned international awareness and attention as a wide spread social issue all over the world. China, as a pioneer to promote the progress of globalization, has become world’s largest student exporting country. It is owning to the fact that with the fast advancement of social and economical condition in China, the rising income level of middle class families has boosted the desire for Chinese students to pursuit perceived better education overseas. However, one of the most serious unexpected outcomes caused by this trend of studying overseas is the issue of brain drain, since large number of Chinese overseas students never came back after graduation. Yet, with the fluctuation of the world economical situation, the growth of China’s economical and political power is attracting more and more Chinese overseas graduates back to work. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the factors that influence Chinese students’ behavior of ‘going out’ and ‘coming back’, which is also the theme of this paper. Specifically, both of the push and pull factors that caused Chinese international students’ decisions of coming back home after graduation will be discussed.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Education<br>Master<br>Master of Education
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Martins, Daniela Ferreira. "Motivações e processo de decisão da geração Y para a realização de viagens." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19722.

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Mestrado em Marketing<br>A geração Y representa actualmente grande parte da população mundial e as suas características únicas estão a revolucionar todos os mercados. Assim, estes indivíduos são um alvo de estudo interessante não só por serem uma "geração viva" e ainda em desenvolvimento, mas também por terem nascido e crescido na era digital reflectindo-se na forma como olham para o mundo. Desta forma, a geração Y tem vindo a desafiar modelos tradicionais, desempenhando um papel activo naquilo que hoje conhecemos como globalização e consequentemente, no turismo - um sector que está a viver grandes alterações de forma a ir de encontro às expectativas da mesma. Por isso, importa compreender quais motivações da geração Y para viajar e qual o seu processo de tomada de decisão de forma a que a oferta turística tenha um impacto de maior valor para este público-alvo. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que as viagens são vistas como uma experiência enriquecedora a nível pessoal e que a frequência elevada com que estes indivíduos viajam está relacionada com a exploração do "eu" e com a necessidade de sair da rotina e zona de conforto.<br>Generation Y is now representing a big part of the world's population and its unique characteristics are revolutionising all markets. Thus, these individuals are an interesting subject of study not only because they are a "living generation" and still in development, but also because they were born and raised in the digital era which reflects in the way they look at the world. As a result, generation Y has been challenging traditional models and has been playing an active role in what we now know as globalization and consequently, in tourism - one of the sectors that is undergoing major changes in order to meet millennial's expectations. Therefore, it is important to understand what truly motivates generation Y to travel and what is their decision-making process so that the tourism offer has a greater impact on this target audience. The findings of this study suggest that travel is seen as a personally enriching experience and that the high frequency with which these individuals travel is related to the exploration of self and the need to get out of routine and their comfort zone.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Rouse, Monica Ruth. "Pull and Push Factors That Influence a Student's Decision to Drop Out of School." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7071.

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The high school dropout rate in the United States has historically been and continues to remain a persistent concern. The dropout epidemic has primarily been studied through a quantitative lens focused on the final decision to dropout rather than the complex sequence of events that factor into the dropout decision. The purpose of this study was to explore the pull/push factors that influenced a student's decision to drop out of high school. In this qualitative study, attention was given to both understanding how students described their reasons for dropping out of school and identification of any factors that could have led them to remain in school and earn a diploma. The conceptual framework was based on pull/push factors related to students dropping out. Through a case study design, 10 participants, classified as dropouts by the selected research site, were interviewed about the influence of the push/pull factors of poverty, absence, and engagement in their decision to drop out of school. Data were analyzed through an iterative process wherein patterns were discerned appropriately. The findings support 4 central influences that serve as both pull and push factors in the decision to drop out: disinterest/disengagement, teacher connection, a sense of hopelessness, and an end to any desire to succeed in school. Furthermore, the findings support the development of school and district-wide identification and intervention programs that make relationships with students the foundation and guide educators and local policy makers in making decisions that support student success and increase the likelihood a student at risk for dropping out would remain in school and earn a high school diploma.
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Reynolds, Sandra G. Jr. "Independent Living Retirement Facilities: The Effect of Push and Pull Factors on Residential Satisfaction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29834.

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Wants and needs for housing change over time as events occur (such as marriage, raising families, career promotions) that cause adults to re-examine their living environments. As people age, this reassessment continues, and alternative housing options may be considered. One housing option that is available to older adults is an independent living retirement facility. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motivations for moving to independent living retirement facilities and subsequent satisfaction with that environment. The sample for this study consisted of residents of townhomes leased to older adults for age-segregated living in a planned retirement community, with health care amenities on site. The research was conducted in two phases: focus groups were convened with residents of this facility, and a self-administered instrument was developed and sent to all 94 residents of the townhomes. The instrument measured the influences on moving and residential satisfaction on a four-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. follow-up postcard, for a response rate of 84%. There were twice as many women as men in the sample group, and it was evenly divided between married-couple and widowed households. The average age for the residents was 78 years. They were well-educated older adults, and the majority had prior occupations in professional and managerial sectors. The influence on moving that received the highest number of positive responses (>2.5 on a Likert-type scale) was to maintain independence, followed by being free of home maintenance, and the knowledge that health care needs would be taken care of in the future. The residents were satisfied with their overall housing and neighborhood environment, especially with their neighborhood. They were less satisfied with maintenance of the facility and with the management. Two influences on moving emerged as having a positive relationship with residential satisfaction: preference for a homogeneous (age-segregated) community, and a desire to move closer to friends and family. The variables that significantly predicted residential satisfaction were (a) a preference for a homogeneous community, (b) a desire to move closer to friends and family, and (c) the pull of the macroenvironment (i.e., features available, or inherent, in the nearby vicinity of the retirement community that act as pulls, such as mountains, a nearby university, or a rural area), which had an inverse relationship to residential satisfaction. Four individual components of residential satisfaction (housing, neighborhood, maintenance, and management) were analyzed for predictors of satisfaction. One variable predicted housing satisfaction (homogeneous community), none predicted neighborhood satisfaction, five predicted satisfaction with maintenance (environmental concerns, homogeneous community, macroenvironment, future support, and family and friends), and three predicted satisfaction with management (homogeneous community, family and friends, and macroenvironment). The latter three predictors were the same predictors of residential satisfaction, emphasizing a strong relationship between management and residential satisfaction.<br>Ph. D.
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Salifu, Shani. "Factors Contributing to Migration from Ghana to the United States of America." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180628701.

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Jiang, Qiu Qiong. "Why do Chinese international students attend the University of British Columbia : push and pull factors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46649.

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Globalization is regarded as the context and facilitating force for the increasingly enhanced internationalization of higher education around the world. As a response to globalization, the internationalization of higher education takes places in various forms and practices in different countries. In contemporary era, international student mobility is by far the main form of cross-border education in the world. In existing relevant literature, the push and pull model is employed by many researchers as the theoretical framework to investigate the motives of international students, the host countries and higher education institutions. There are approximately three million international students studying outside of their home countries (IEE, 2010). China has become the largest source country of international students among these three-million international students. Most of the study-abroad Chinese students from mainland China went to pursue overseas higher education after 1999 when the Chinese government began to enforce the university expansion policy in mainland China. However, few researchers gave attention to this unprecedented out-going heat among Chinese students in the past decade. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors inspiring a large number of Chinese students to study abroad after the 1999 reform in the Chinese higher education sector. The push and pull model was employed as the theoretical framework in this study. A semi-structure one-on-one interview was used as the research method to collect inquired information. Nine Chinese international students who are currently studying at the University of British Columbia were recruited as the research participants. The research results show that there are both shared and individual motives inspiring these nine students to decide on undertaking overseas higher education based on their personal academic, economic and social background.
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Mudyazvivi, Elton. "An analysis of push and pull factors of capital flows in a regional trading bloc." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28075.

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Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) into Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) between 2000 and 2014 remained a minute fraction (at only 2% and 1% respectively) of global inflows. This study seeks to explain this phenomenon by examining the push (global) and pull (domestic) factors that may help to explain inflows of FDI and FPI in SSA and the mechanisms through which these factors affect inflows (the how). As ongoing regional integration efforts in Africa through trading blocs, the study also discusses the role of regional trading blocs in explaining capital flows into SSA. In the process, the research challenges some of the established theories and contributes to policy for managing international capital inflows. The study identifies possible explanatory variables from existing theory and empirical studies. Data on possible determinants of FDI and FPI is largely extracted from the World Bank and IMF databases. The determinants considered are macro-economic, infrastructural, institutional, resource endowment and geographical related. These are modeled into econometric model of FDI and FPI. Several hypotheses on the possible determinants are then tested using panel regressions with random effects. The results indicate that SSA's FDI during the period reviewed is mainly pulled by macroeconomic dynamics, infrastructure and human resources factors and pushed by global macroeconomic performance. Likewise, FPI is largely pulled by GDP and infrastructure factors. The results further show that FDI and FPI inflows in regional trading blocs of SADC, COMESA and ECOWAS are affected by different risk, return, macroeconomic, trade and distance factors. The effects of factors such as distance and macroeconomic factors also vary across the regional trading blocs, suggesting their importance of these blocs in capital flows.
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Books on the topic "Push-pull factors"

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Nasar, Abu. Districts level of development as push and pull factors in inter-district migration in Pakistan. Social Policy and Development Centre, 2006.

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Odedokun, M. O. The 'pull' and 'push' factors in North-South private capital flows: Conceptual issues and empirical estimates. United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2003.

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Hart, Doug. Attrition from French immersion programs in a northern Ontario city: "push" and "pull" factors in two area boards. Modern Language Centre, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1994.

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Eurostat. Push and Pull Factors of International Migration. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 2000.

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Can jia jie tou tong dang di tui li he la li =: The push and pull factors of joining juvenile gangs. Xianggang qing nian xie hui yan jiu bu, 1993.

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Singh, Renu, and Protap Mukherjee. Push Out, Pull Out, or Opting Out? Reasons Cited by Adolescents for Discontinuing Education in Four Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.003.0012.

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By drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s (1999) ecological framework, this mixed-method paper recognizes school discontinuation not as an event but as a culmination of an interplay of various factors over time. Adopting a life course perspective and analyzing reasons given by adolescents for “not being in school” across the four middle- and low-income Young Lives study countries, three broad categories of reasons for early school leaving emerge. These are push factors, pull factors, and opted-out factors. Findings revealed that pull factors emerge as the greatest contributor toward children discontinuing education as they enter middle and late adolescence. Besides household dynamics and shocks, boys in particular discontinue schooling due to paid work, while girls spend long hours in domestic chores at the cost of attending school. While in-school factors, particularly quality, cannot be ignored, it is important to provide social protection nets to the poorest families in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal Goal 4.
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Martin, Philip. Migration and Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.262.

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There are three factors that persuade a migrant to cross borders: demand-pull in destination areas, supply-push in origin areas, and network factors that connect them. On the basis of this demand-pull, supply-push, and network framework, a distinction can be made between economic migrants who are encouraged to migrate because of a demand for their labor abroad and noneconomic migrants who cross national borders to seek refuge or to join family members living abroad. Many economists argue that trade and migration have similar effects on sending and receiving countries. However, there is no solid evidence showing that more migration accelerates economic development in migrant-sending countries. The effects of international migration on development are often grouped in the 3-R channels of recruitment, remittances, and returns, each of which can operate in ways that speed up or slow down economic development. Recruitment refers to who goes abroad, remittances are the amount of the money earned by migrants abroad that is sent home, and returns focus on what migrants do after a period of employment abroad. Majority of industrial countries have national laws that require all workers to receive minimum wages and migrants to receive the same wages and benefits as local workers. From the point of view of some developing countries, minimum and equal wages are a form of protectionism aimed at limiting the number of migrant service providers. A major challenge of the twenty-first century is how to resolve this trade-off between migrant numbers and migrant rights.
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Bhugra, Dinesh, ed. Oxford Textbook of Migrant Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198833741.001.0001.

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Human beings have been migrant for millennia. Reasons for migration vary from economic, financial, and educational reasons to persecution on religious or other discriminations. Push and pull factors for migration can produce inordinate amount of stress on individuals, families, or groups. Migrant psychiatry is a new discipline bringing together professionals from humanities, arts, sciences, and medicine, including psychiatry and psychology, together to understand the impact of migration on mental illnesses, mental health and well-being of migrant individuals. The Oxford Textbook of Migrant Psychiatry brings together constructs related to theories of migration, the impact of migration on mental health and adjustment, collective trauma, individual identity, and diagnostic fallacies. The book also covers practical aspects of management, including cultural factors, ethnopsychopharmacology, therapeutic interaction, and therapeutic expectation and psychotherapy.
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Wilson, T. K. Killing Strangers. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863502.001.0001.

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A bewildering feature of so much contemporary political violence is its stunning impersonality. Every major city centre becomes a potential shooting gallery; and every metro system a potential bomb alley. Victims just happen, as the saying goes, to ‘be in the wrong place at the wrong time’. Killing Strangers tackles the question of how such violence became ‘unchained’ from inter-personal relationships. It traces the rise of such impersonal violence by examining violence in conjunction with changing social and political realities across Western Europe and North America since the late eighteenth century. In particular, it traces both ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors. On the one hand, the rise of the modern state with its titanic bureaucratic resources of monitoring and coercion forced the violence of opponents into niche forms. On the other hand, social and technological changes offered fresh opportunities to cause mayhem in startlingly new ways. Both forces are necessary for any understanding of why contemporary political violence takes the forms that it does.
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Babar, Zahra, ed. Arab Migrant Communities in the GCC. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.001.0001.

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This volume provides a series of empirically dense analyses of the historical and contemporary dynamics of Arab intra-regional migration to the monarchies of the Persian Gulf, and unravels the ways in which particular social and cultural practices of Arab migrants interact with the host states. Among other things, specific contributions allow us to consider the socioeconomic and political factors that have historically shaped the character of the Arab migratory experience, the sorts of work opportunities that Arab migrants have sought in the region, what their work conditions and lived experiences have been, and whether we are able to discern any patterns of sociocultural integration for Arab non-nationals. Together, the contributions in this volume help unpick assumptions about the Gulf’s exceptionalism insofar as the study of global migration is concerned. Broader dynamics that undergird the causes, processes, and consequences of migration elsewhere in the world are at work in the Gulf region. Vast economic disparities, chronic political instability, linguistic and cultural affinities, and a jealous guarding of finite economic and citizenship benefits inform push and pull factors and integration possibilities in the Gulf region as they do elsewhere in the world. Recent scholarship continues to enrich our understanding of the phenomenon of labor migration to the Gulf. This book takes that understanding one step further, shedding light on one specific, and up until now largely understudied, community of migrants in the region.
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Book chapters on the topic "Push-pull factors"

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Rixon, Paul. "The Economic Rationale: Push and Pull Factors." In American Television on British Screens. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625242_4.

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Prieto Rosas, Victoria, and Antonio López Gay. "Push and Pull Factors of Latin American Migration." In Applied Demography Series. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12361-5_1.

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Schüler-Zhou, Yun, Margot Schüller, and Magnus Brod. "Push and Pull Factors for Chinese OFDI in Europe." In Chinese International Investments. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230361577_9.

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Alsos, Gry Agnete, Tommy Høyvarde Clausen, and Espen John Isaksen. "Innovation Among Public-Sector Organisations: Push and Pull Factors." In Applying Quality of Life Research. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32091-5_5.

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Altschuler, Daniel, and Javier Corrales. "The Rise of Community-Managed Schools: Push and Pull Factors." In The Promise of Participation. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137271846_3.

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Martin, Lauren Jade. "Traveling to the USA for Fertility Services: Push and Pull Factors." In Family Life in an Age of Migration and Mobility. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52099-9_5.

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Olodo, Muyibat A., and Benedict O. Emunemu. "Push and Pull Factors in Women Attainment of Chief Executive Positions in South-West, Nigeria." In Sustainable Transformation in African Higher Education. SensePublishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-902-7_11.

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Odedokun, Matthew. "The ‘Pull’ and ‘Push’ Factors in North–South Private Capital Flows: Conceptual Issues and Empirical Estimates." In External Finance for Private Sector Development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_8.

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Sinha, Yogesh, Thomas Roche, and Manisha Sinha. "Understanding Higher Education Attrition in English-Medium Programs in the Arab Gulf States: Identifying Push, Pull and Fallout Factors at an Omani University." In English Education in Oman. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0265-7_12.

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Mouratidis, Konstantinos, and Maria Doumi. "The Effects of PUSH and PULL Factors on Spectators’ Satisfaction Attitudes. A Mediation Analysis of Perceived Satisfaction from a Small-Scale Sport's Event." In Culture and Tourism in a Smart, Globalized, and Sustainable World. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72469-6_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Push-pull factors"

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Santharen, Yogeetha. "Push and Pull Factors Influencing Visitors from European Countries to Malaysia." In ICBSI 2018 - International Conference on Business Sustainability and Innovation. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.08.41.

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Sun, Yongqiang, Xiao-Liang Shen, and Nan Wang. "Understanding the Factors Influencing the Online Group Buying Behavior from a Pull - Push Perspective." In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2016.121.

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Hamdi, Syuhaidah, Taufik Zamri, Zahira Aziz, and Liyana Rohizad. "A Study on Push and Pull Factors of Consumers Purchase Decision to Stay in Boutique Hotel Melaka, Malaysia." In 1st International Conference on Islamic Ecnomics, Business and Philanthropy. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007084905090514.

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Gosselin, Stephen R., Daniel Nunez, Thomas C. Esselman, and Nathan Palm. "Fatigue Usage Life and Gradient Factors for ASME Class 1 Piping Fatigue Analyses." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63027.

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This paper examines conservatisms associated with two aspects of piping fatigue life as applied in NB 3600 fatigue calculations. First, piping component allowable cyclic life is defined by stress-life (S-N) curves based on constant displacement push-pull test results of small diameter (≤ 0.375 inch (≤ 9.5 mm)) smooth test specimens in air at room temperature. These life estimates are subsequently applied to all Class 1 piping components regardless of their actual size or thickness. Secondly, all component cyclic stresses are treated as uniform through-thickness membrane stresses when most transients induce stresses that vary across the thickness of the pipe. The application of fatigue usage correction factors that account for: 1) increased cyclic life associated with the growth of engineering size fatigue cracks in thicker components and 2) the presence of actual through-thickness stress gradients is considered. An example case study indicates that, depending on the nature of the applied cyclic loading and pipe section thickness, considerable reductions in design fatigue usage can be obtained.
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Othman, Alaa, Ahmed Dabees, Baher Rahma, and Matjaz Knez. "Factors influencing the purchasing decisions of low emission cars: comparing study between Egypt and Slovenia." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iii.13.

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This paper provides a study about the factors influencing the purchasing of low emission vehicles. In order to achieve the objectives of the paper, and in the light of the pool of literature and availability of data, the authors relied on qualitative methods to offers a comparison between Egypt as a developing country and Slovenia as a developed country, through analysing a survey that involves an Egyptian sample and Slovenian samples, it also studies the effect of different push and pull methods on different buyers in order to help the governments as well as the manufacturers to understand the most significant factors that affects the purchasing behaviour of LEV in the future. The results of this paper show the important vehicle performance factors, financial considerations and Environmental considerations along with the gender and age of the consumer and show that consumers are more interested in the total price of the car than in different taxes.
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Sjödin, Björn. "A Non-Local Theory for the Assessment of Multiaxial High Cycle Fatigue Failure." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-509.

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Looking at HCF, the most critical component on the turbine is the blade. At the present moment there is a need for a HCF criterion suitable for evaluation of stresses calculated with the Finite Element Method. Today there are some, such criterions e.g. Sines. However the criterion does not include important aspects such as the influence of; ‘geometrical size’, ‘stressed volume’ or ‘stress gradient’. A better understanding of the HCF phenomena would give an increase in the design precision and an opportunity to increase the load on the blades. A proposal is made for a new theory for HCF assessment. The input required by the theory is roughly the Haigh-diagram for a smooth test specimen. The theory is a merger between the Sines criterion and the statistical approach made by Weibull. 3 basic assumptions are made; equivalent stresses are calculated according to Sines, ‘the weakest link assumption’ and finally that the fatigue limit for a smooth specimen has a statistical distribution. Comparing the proposal to classical HCF assessment with Haigh-diagram, the following factors are incorporated: 1, stress concentration factor 2, fatigue notch factor (or notch sensitivity factor) 3, geometric volume dependence 4, different Haigh-diagrams for push-pull, bending and torsion If the factors are incorporated partially or fully remains to be shown. It is also possible to give a geometrical quantification of the so called ‘stressed volume’. Qualitative and quantitative tests have been made. Looking at them, the theory looks promising. However, it has to be tested further to get acquainted with any shortcomings of the theory.
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Itoh, Takamoto. "Low Cycle Fatigue Life of Type 316 Stainless Steel Notched Specimen Under Proportional and Non-Proportional Multiaxial Loadings." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25996.

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This study discusses multiaxial low cycle fatigue life of notched specimen under proportional and non-proportional loadings at room temperature. Strain controlled multiaxial low cycle fatigue tests were carried out using smooth and circumferentially notched round-bar specimens of type 316 stainless steel. Four kinds of notched specimens were employed of which elastic stress concentration factors, Kt, are 1.5, 2.5, 4.2 and 6.0. The strain paths include proportional and non-proportional loadings. The former employed a push-pull straining or a reversed torsion straining. The latter was achieved by strain path where axial and shear strains has 90 degree phase difference but their amplitudes is the same based on von Mises’ criterion. The notch dependency of multiaxial low cycle fatigue life and the life estimation are discussed. The lives depend on both Kt and strain path. The strain parameter for the life estimation is also discussed with the non-proportional strain parameter proposed by the author with introducing Kt. The proposed parameter gives a satisfactory correlation with multiaxial low cycle fatigue life of notched specimen of type 316 stainless steel under proportional and non-proportional loadings.
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Lin, Chung-Yi, Jih-Sheng Lai, Yu-Kang Lo, Huang-Jen Chiu, Cheng-Yen Yang, and Yu-Chen Liu. "Multi-mode controlled push-pull boost power factor corrector." In 2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2015.7104608.

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Tepecik, Filiz. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Trafficking in Human Beings." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00780.

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In the next decade, trafficking in human beings is expected to be the largest part of the illegal markets such as drug and arms trafficking. Trafficking in human beings can be done in many different purposes which includes the sexual exploitation, the practices similar to slavery or servitude. The problem is becoming visible both for the Eurasian countries and for Turkey. Despite being an inhuman trade, all parties of the trafficking in human beings are rational economic agents and they are acting according to the rules of supply and demand. Therefore in this paper, this economic structure that nourish the illegal market is primarily be discussed. It is focused on the push and pull factors to this market members and this is tried to shown in a quantitative dimension of the market. Secondly, in order to combat trafficking in human beings, legal and social measures are being taken. These regulations generally aim to find and punish perpetrators, and /or protect victims of trafficking. But these regulations always cause a change of the benefits and the costs of the parties involved in trafficking in human beings. Thus the economic perspective are convenient to analyze these results. Finally, with this paper it is aimed to produce a common ground for people who want to work in this academic field.
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Yamamoto, Takaei, Takamoto Itoh, Masao Sakane, Hiroshi Sasaki, Kazuhiko Shuto, and Yutaka Tsukada. "Creep-Fatigue Strength of Sn-8Zn-3Bi Solder Under Multiaxial Loading." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80585.

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This paper describes the multiaxial creep-fatigue of Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder in proportional and non-proportional loadings. Push-pull and reversed torsion tests were carried in proportional test using fast-fast, slow-fast, fast-slow, slow-slow and strain-hold waves. Non-proportional tests were also carried out using box, step and circle strain waves. In proportional test, smallest creep-fatigue lives were observed in push-pull slow-fast test. Creep-fatigue lives in reversed torsion test were longer by a factor of 2 than those in push-pull test compared with the same strain wave. Non-proportional loading reduced the creep-fatigue life. Circle strain wave showed the smallest fatigue life in non-proportional loading. A non-proportional strain proposed by the authors correlated all the proportional and non-proportional fast-fast data within a factor of two scatter band.
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Reports on the topic "Push-pull factors"

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Fratzscher, Marcel. Capital Flows, Push versus Pull Factors and the Global Financial Crisis. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17357.

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Tadevosyan, Gohar, Shaojun Chen, and Rong Liu. Returning Migrants in the People’s Republic of China: Challenges and Perspectives—Evidence from Chongqing. Asian Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200399-2.

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This working paper examines the push and pull factors that shape return migration in the People’s Republic of China. This study draws on primary qualitative research in Dianjiang County of Chongqing Municipality. The push and pull factors are associated with the availability of assets both in migration destinations and back at home that the migrants can draw upon to support their livelihoods. These assets comprise financial, human, and social capital; family relations; access to social security, housing and infrastructure; and productive assets such as land.
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