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1
Cherkasskiĭ, B. V. On implementing push-relabel method for the maximum flow problem. Stanford, Calif: Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford University, 1994.
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Tarkoma, Sasu. Publish/subscribe systems: Design and principles. London: Wiley, 2012.
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3
Henning, Schulzrinne, State Radu 1972-, and Niccolini Saverio, eds. Principles, systems and applications of IP telecommunications: Services and security for next generation networks ; second international conference, IPTComm 2008, Heidelberg, Germany, July 1-2, 2008 ; revised selected papers. Berlin: New York, 2008.
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4
Schreyer, Alexander. Advanced Google SketchUp for design: Beyond push-pull. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2013.
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Inc, ebrary, ed. Blender 2.5 hotshot: Challenging and fun projects that will push your Blender skills to the limit. Birmingham, U.K: Packt Pub., 2011.
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Durakova, Irina, Aleksandra Mitrofanova, Tat'yana Rahmanova, Ekaterina Mayer, Marina Holyavka, Ol'ga Gerr, Asya Vavilova, et al. Personnel management in Russia: from the ego to the ecosystem. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1567065.
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The monograph contains the results of research concerning, firstly, the ecosystem as a response to the challenges of the XXI century. Secondly, the problems of labor longevity and success in organizations that form an ecosystem approach to working with personnel, including through the use in practice of biomedical factors, socio-economic conditions, nagging as a "soft power" to push older workers to productive work. Thirdly, the realities and problems of combining work and private life, studied from several positions. Among them: the formation of corporate policy, corporate interest, professional orientation; the actual balance of "work — private life", as well as the optimization of labor behavior through the formation of a sense of self-esteem in the workplace, the management of employees ' experience. Fourth, systematization of the results of the health management study, taking into account the experience gained during the coronavirus pandemic — occupational safety management, health promotion in the organization, including the situation of self-isolation. Fifth, the concept of compliance in the personnel management system.
For students, undergraduates, postgraduates, doctoral students, researchers studying or conducting research in the field of personnel management, as well as the teaching staff of universities and employers.
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Next generation wireless communications using radio over fiber. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012.
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Wallis, Roger. Push-pull for the video clip: A systems approach to understanding the relationship between the music industry and music television. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish National Collections of Music, 1988.
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India) International Conference on Conservation Farming System and Watershed Management in Rainfed Areas for Rural Development and Poverty Eradication (2008 New Delhi. International Conference on Conservation Farming System and Watershed Management in Rainfed Areas for Rural Development and Poverty Eradication, February 12-16, 2008, NASC complex, Pusa, New Delhi: Proceedings. New Delhi: Soil Conservation Society of India, 2008.
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Nick, Roberts. Super NES Games: Unauthorized Power Tips Book. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1993.
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Awesome Super Nintendo Secrets 2. Lahaina, USA: Sandwich Islands Publishing, 1993.
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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.
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Kaji, Masanori, Helge Kragh, and Gabor Pallo, eds. Early Responses to the Periodic System. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200077.001.0001.
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addition to discussing the appropriation of the periodic system, the book examines meta-physical reflections of nature based on the periodic system outside the field of chemistry, and considers how far humans can push the categories of "response" and "reception." Early Responses to the Periodic System provides a compelling read for anyone with an interest in the history of chemistry and the Periodic Table of Elements.
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Ronge, Bastian. Towards a System of Sympathetic Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198768586.003.0015.
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This chapter argues that Adam Smith shows us that the original and last foundation of law and order is the practice of making moral judgments—our emotional reactions to injustice and suffering we observe. The real substance of law is our moral sensibility and affectivity; a substance, which turns out to be highly contingent, since it is shaped by various socio-historical, cultural, and subjective conditions that change over time. Therefore, the question of internationalization or even universalization of rights is not a matter of careful reasoning and convincing argumentation; it is a matter of Sentimental Education. It depends on our ability to push the limits of sympathy and to establish a common language of emotions which allows us to treat even strangers as if they were fellow citizens.
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Sinno, Abdulkader H. Muslim Americans and the Political System. Edited by Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.013.008.
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The author surveys the politics of Muslim Americans—as instruments of political manipulation, as targets, and as agents—and the latest methodological innovations in researching them. The politics of targeting Muslims or instrumentalizing them include the use of electoral strategies that leverage negative public attitudes toward this religious minority, its political empowerment, and its civil rights. Muslim American participation in the American political arena has increased dramatically since 9/11. The author addresses the ways Muslims opt, or are able, to be active in American politics, their voting practices, how they fare when they run for office, and how they use local, state, and national governments to advance their causes. The research methods that are particularly useful to push the state of knowledge on the topic include qualitative field work, media content analysis, surveys, and experiments.
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Zürn, Michael. The Rise of the Global Governance System: A Historical-Institutionalist Account. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819974.003.0006.
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The global governance system developed in the 1990s as a result of a path-dependent sequence that started with the choice of embedded liberalism in the 1940s. The post-Second World War constellation provided a critical juncture that led to institutionalized embedded liberalism and collective security under American leadership. Afterwards, self-reinforcing mechanisms strengthened this institutional design. This whole dynamic was accelerated by an external push when the Soviet empire faltered and functional differentiation could develop its full potential. Together, these developments created a new critical juncture. As a result of the decisions taken in this situation, a global governance system emerged. It consists of loosely coupled spheres of both political and epistemic authority. Overall, the authority of IOs has increased remarkably. As a consequence, this global governance system co-produces reactive sequences. It contains serious deficits undermining its acceptance and sustainability leading to resistance and demands for change.
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Tarkoma, Sasu. Publish / Subscribe Systems: Design and Principles. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.
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Tarkoma, Sasu. Publish / Subscribe Systems: Design and Principles. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.
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Tarkoma, Sasu. Publish / Subscribe Systems: Design and Principles. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.
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20
Yesil, Bilge. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040177.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to provide a systematic analysis of Turkey's media system, its reconfiguration under domestic and international dynamics, the political and cultural tensions it harbors, and the trajectories it shares with other media systems around the world. The book highlights the push-pull forces of a centralized state authority and its democratization demands, the interpenetration of state and capital, and the overlapping of patronage structures with market imperatives. The remainder of the chapter discusses Turkey's media industry, its political system, and its authoritarian neoliberal order. These are followed by descriptions of the scope of the present study, the theoretical framework and methods, and an overview of the subsequent chapters.
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Sperino, Sandra F., and Suja A. Thomas. The Future of Discrimination Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190278380.003.0010.
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The words of the federal discrimination laws explicitly prohibit discrimination. Over time, however, federal judges have created a system of frameworks, rules, and inferences that distract them away from the central question of discrimination law and that push cases toward dismissal. This chapter discusses ways to ensure that the courts robustly enforce the federal antidiscrimination mandates. It sets forth measures legislatures, the EEOC, the judiciary, litigants, companies, and citizens can take to introduce more neutrality into discrimination law.
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Llewellyn, Matthew P., and John Gleaves. Selling Out the Amateur Ideal. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040351.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the continued decline of amateurism during the late 1960s and 1970s. Soaked in the countercultural spirit of the era, movements around the world challenged social norms and social order, often through radical and subversive efforts. The sustained push for civil rights along racial, gender, and social lines powerfully exposed the system of inequality in capitalist societies. Amateur sport was not immune to emerging cultural movements that challenged exploitation and threatened the status quo. Hair gradually lengthened as athletes questioned the authority of coaches and administrators. The sociologist Harry Edwards founded the Olympic Project for Human Rights in 1967, which also protested racial discrimination in both sport and society at large. Even sportswomen mobilized in their push for greater inclusion and pay equity, particularly as television and commercial marketing transformed elite sport into lucrative commodities. The International Olympic Committee suddenly found itself caught between the pillars of tradition and modernity. Under the leadership of its aging president, Avery Brundage, it struggled to keep pace with the shifting sporting landscape.
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Pickard, Victor. Democracy without Journalism? Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946753.001.0001.
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Democracy without Journalism? is about the ongoing journalism crisis and the policies we need to confront it. It exposes the historical roots, market failures, and policy inaction that led to the loss of local journalism and the proliferation of misinformation through both social media and mainstream news. In underscoring these threats to democracy, the book also draws attention to the growing problem of monopoly control over digital infrastructures in general and the rise of platform monopolies in particular, especially the “Facebook problem.” The book proposes that now is an opportune moment to address core weaknesses in US news and information systems and push for alternatives. Above all, the book argues that to understand the underlying pathologies in our news media and the reforms that are needed, we must penetrate to the roots of systemic problems. Toward this aim, Democracy without Journalism? emphasizes the structural nature of journalism’s collapse. The book concludes with an in-depth discussion of new models for journalism, emphasizing the need for a publicly owned and democratically governed media system. Ultimately, the goal is to reinvent journalism.
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Nyman, Jonna. Contesting Energy Security in China. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820444.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 challenges common sense energy security practices in China. It looks at power in the energy security system, to try to understand how and why the common sense has emerged, while exploring who resists, and how. It begins by examining who has power to frame the narrative, discussing vested interests and the ways in which they push the debate in particular directions. It then surveys ‘alternative’ visions of energy security, highlighting the range of actors that contest the common sense—including official and elite actors as well as non-state interest groups, and what different interpretations of energy security they forward. As part of this, it explores how these different actors contest the common sense, and what alternative visions of energy security they forward.
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Mason, Peggy. Introduction to Homeostasis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0026.
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Three common misconceptions regarding homeostasis are dispelled. First, the brain has the unique ability to mount an anticipatory defense against changes that could potentially push the body’s physiology out of homeostatic range. Such anticipation of needed adjustments is contrasted to the model of homeostasis as a servomechanism. Second, homeostasis depends on many neurons, not just those in the hypothalamus. Yet hypothalamic neurons play a special role in the integration of challenges and coordination of diverse effector reactions. Third, the idea that homeostasis is the purview of the autonomic nervous system is corrected. As exemplified by respiration and micturition, the brain employs skeletal muscle as well as autonomic targets in supporting visceral life. Finally, the allostatic perspective on the brain’s contribution to staying alive is contrasted with the standard homeostatic perspective and illustrated by examples.
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Boero, Mauro, and Masaru Tateno. Quantum-theoretical approaches to proteins and nucleic acids. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.17.
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This article describes quantum methods used to study proteins and nucleic acids: Hartree–Fock all-electron approaches, density-functional theory approaches, and hybrid quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics approaches. In addition to an analysis of the electronic structure, quantum-mechanical approaches for simulating proteins and nucleic acids can elucidate the cleavage and formation of chemical bonds in biochemical reactions. This presents a computational challenge, and a number of methods have been proposed to overcome this difficulty, including enhanced temperature methods such as high-temperature molecular dynamics, parallel tempering and replica exchange. Alternative methods not relying on the knowledge a priori of the final products make use of biasing potentials to push the initial system away from its local minimum and to enhance the sampling of the free-energy landscape. This article considers two of these biasing techniques, namely Blue Moon and metadynamics.
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Baker, Aaron. Interviews with Steven Soderbergh. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036057.003.0002.
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This chapter presents the two interviews with Steven Soderbergh that offer insights into several of the most prominent aspects of his career as a filmmaker. The first interview, Geoff Andrew talking with Soderbergh and George Clooney before a live audience in London in 2003, touches on remakes, allusion, and their collaboration with the aim, in the actor's words, “to push the things we've learned from foreign and independent films ... back into the studio system.” The second interview, conducted by David Sterritt, focuses on Che, probably Soderbergh's most ambitious film to date. After acknowledging Soderbergh's tendency to experiment and defy expectations, Sterritt in his introduction calls Che “a daring project even for him.” What follows in the interview is the director's defense of the politics of class, embedded in all his films, that came to the forefront in Che.
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Mikolashek, Jon B. Blood, Guts, and Grease. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177908.001.0001.
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George S. Patton, one of the United States’ greatest field commanders, played a vital role in American involvement in World War I and the creation of the United States Tank Corps. While most literature focuses solely on Patton’s life and performance in World War II, the Great War was a pivotal event in his life and military career. Patton gained his first command in World War I with the United States Tank Corps. As the first “tanker” in United States Army history, Patton set up the first American light tank school and later commanded the 1st Tank Brigade in two campaigns, St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne offensive. The study focuses on Patton’s personal life, his decision to push for an assignment with John J. Pershing, and his roles as a staff officer for the American Expeditionary Force and ultimately as a small unit commander pioneering a new weapons system..
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Wilson, T. K. Killing Strangers. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863502.001.0001.
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A bewildering feature of so much contemporary political violence is its stunning impersonality. Every major city centre becomes a potential shooting gallery; and every metro system a potential bomb alley. Victims just happen, as the saying goes, to ‘be in the wrong place at the wrong time’. Killing Strangers tackles the question of how such violence became ‘unchained’ from inter-personal relationships. It traces the rise of such impersonal violence by examining violence in conjunction with changing social and political realities across Western Europe and North America since the late eighteenth century. In particular, it traces both ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors. On the one hand, the rise of the modern state with its titanic bureaucratic resources of monitoring and coercion forced the violence of opponents into niche forms. On the other hand, social and technological changes offered fresh opportunities to cause mayhem in startlingly new ways. Both forces are necessary for any understanding of why contemporary political violence takes the forms that it does.
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Allen, Colin, Peter M. Todd, and Jonathan M. Weinberg. Reasoning and Rationality. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0003.
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The article explores five parts of Cartesian thought that include individualism, internalism, rationalism, universalism, and human exceptionalism demonstrating the philosophical and psychological theories of rationality. Ecological rationality comes about through the coadaptation of minds and their environments. The internal bounds comprising the capacities of the cognitive system can be shaped by evolution, learning, or development to take advantage of the structure of the external environment. The external bounds, comprising the structure of information available in the environment, can be shaped by the effects of minds making decisions in the world, including most notably in humans the process of cultural evolution. The internal constraints on decision-making including limited computational power and limited memory in the organism and the external ones include limited time push toward simple cognitive mechanisms for making decisions quickly and without much information. Human exceptionalism is one of the strands of Residual Cartesianism that puts the greatest focus on language and symbolic reasoning as the basis for human rationality. The invention of symbolic systems exhibits how humans deliberately and creatively alter their environments to enhance learning and memory and to support reasoning. Nonhuman animals also alter their environments in ways that support adaptive behavior. Stigmergy, an important mechanism for swarm intelligence, is the product of interactions among multiple agents and their environments. It is enhanced through cumulative modification, of the environment by individuals.
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Wood, Amy Louise, and Natalie J. Ring, eds. Crime and Punishment in the Jim Crow South. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042409.001.0001.
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This collection of nine original essays explores the development of a modern criminal justice system in the Jim Crow South, from the 1890s through the 1950s. It covers key transformations surrounding the practices of policing, incarceration, and capital punishment, as municipal police departments became professionalized and as authority over criminal punishment shifted from local jurisdictions to the state. The collection’s essays address the history of segregated police forces, black-on-black crime, police brutality, organized crime and government corruption, restrictions on ex-felons’ rights, convict labor, prison reform, and the introduction of the electric chair. Together, they make a case for southern distinctiveness. Criminal justice in the Jim Crow South looked quite different than it did in the North due to white southern demands for racial control, as well as white southerners’ suspicions of centralized state power and modern bureaucracies. This collection examines these relationships between white supremacy, the modernizing state, and crime control. In doing so, it provides a more nuanced portrait of the dynamic between state power and white supremacy in the South beyond a story of top-down social control. The essays reveal stories of state institutions grappling with their expanding authority, stories of political leaders and reformers anxious to render that power modern and efficient, and stories of African Americans appealing to the regulatory state in order to push back against racial injustice.
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Domínguez-Redondo, Elvira. In Defense of Politicization of Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197516706.001.0001.
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International human rights mechanisms’ efficiency is normally linked to the work of independent experts keen to push the boundaries of accountability, against recalcitrant states determined to defend their sovereignty. As a corollary, progress in this field is associated with the creation and maintenance of political free spaces. Another common presumption, rather than fact, is a belief in a differentiated “North” versus “South” approach to the promotion and protection of human rights, that finds solid ground within the prevalent human rights discourses repeated by governmental and non-governmental actors. Through the lenses of the UN Special Procedures, In Defense of Politicization of Human Rights: The UN Special Procedures challenges these and other presumptions informing doctrinal studies, policies, and strategies to advance international human rights. In seeking to debunk commonly held views about the role of politics in human rights at the international level, this book constitutes the first comprehensive study of the Special Procedures as a system covering their history, methods of work, institutional status, and relationship with other politically driven organs and processes affecting their development. The perspective chosen to analyze the human rights mechanisms most vulnerable to political decisions determining their creation, renewal, and operationalization casts a new light on the extent to which these remain the cornerstone of global accountability in protecting the inherent dignity and worth of individuals as well as groups.
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Germann, Julian. Unwitting Architect. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503609846.001.0001.
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The global rise of neoliberalism since the 1970s is widely seen as a dynamic originating in the United States and the United Kingdom, and only belatedly and partially repeated by Germany. From this Anglocentric perspective, Germany's emergence at the forefront of neoliberal reforms in the eurozone is perplexing, and tends to be attributed to the same forces conventionally associated with the Anglo-American pioneers. This book challenges this ruling narrative. It recasts the genesis of neoliberalism as a process driven by a plenitude of actors, ideas, and interests. And it lays bare the pragmatic reasoning and counterintuitive choices of German crisis managers obscured by this master story. This book argues that German officials did not intentionally set out to promote neoliberal change. Instead they were more intent on preserving Germany's export markets and competitiveness in order to stabilize the domestic compact between capital and labor. Nevertheless, the series of measures German policy elites took to manage the end of golden-age capitalism promoted neoliberal transformation in crucial respects: it destabilized the Bretton Woods system; it undermined socialist and social democratic responses to the crisis in Europe; it frustrated an internationally coordinated Keynesian reflation of the world economy; and ultimately it helped push the US into the Volcker interest-rate shock that inaugurated the attack on welfare and labor under Reagan and Thatcher. From this vantage point, the book illuminates the very different rationale behind the painful reforms German state managers have demanded of their indebted eurozone partners.
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Spies, Dennis C. Immigration and Welfare State Retrenchment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812906.001.0001.
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Is large-scale immigration to Europe incompatible with the continent’s generous and encompassing welfare states? Are Europeans willing to share welfare benefits with ethnically different and often less well-off immigrants? Or do they regard the newcomers as undeserving and their claim for welfare rights as unjustified? These questions are at the heart of what has become known as the “New Progressive Dilemma” (NPD) debate—and the predominant answers given to them are rather pessimistic. Pointing to the experiences of the US, where a multi-racial society in combination with a longstanding history of immigration encounters very limited welfare provision, many Europeans fear that the continent’s new immigrant-based heterogeneity may push it toward more American levels of redistribution. But are the conflictual US experiences really reflected in the European context? Immigration and Welfare State Retrenchment addresses this question by connecting the New Progressive Dilemma debate with comparative welfare state and party research in order to analyze the role ethnic diversity plays in welfare reforms in the US and Europe. Whereas the combination of racial patterns and party politics had and still has serious consequences for the US welfare system, the general message of the book is that these are not echoed in the Western European context. In addition, while many Europeans are very critical of immigration and prepared to ban immigrants from welfare benefits, both the institutional design of European welfare programs and the economically divided anti-immigrant movement prevent immigration concerns from translating into actual retrenchment in the core areas of welfare.
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Slez, Adam. The Making of the Populist Movement. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190090500.001.0001.
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This book provides a field theoretic account of the origins of electoral populism, which first emerged in the American state of South Dakota in 1890, at the height of what was known as the Populist movement. Lasting from roughly 1877 to 1896, the movement brought together farmers throughout the agrarian periphery in an effort to combat material hardship at the hands of railroads and banks. The book argues that the rise of electoral populism in the American West was a strategic response to a political field in which the configuration of positions was literally locked in place, precluding the success of new contenders or otherwise marginal actors. This argument is developed in two parts. The first part of the book examines the transformation of physical space resulting from the simultaneous expansion of both state and market. Together, these two processes contributed to the stability of the political field, where the struggle for power was synonymous with a struggle for position in an emerging urban hierarchy. The second part of the book examines the subsequent push for market regulation and the rise of the Populist movement in southern Dakota. Unable to make headway through social movement organizations such the Farmers’ Alliance and administrative agencies such as the Dakota Territory Board of Railroad Commissioners, farmers in southern Dakota looked to third-party alternatives as means of affecting change. The result was the People’s Party which, for a brief period between 1892 and 1896, threatened to destroy the prevailing party system.
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Hendriks, Carolyn M., Selen A. Ercan, and John Boswell. Mending Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843054.001.0001.
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This book advances the idea of democratic mending in response to the growing problem of disconnections in contemporary democracies. Around the globe vital connections in our democratic systems are wearing thin, especially between citizens and their elected representatives, between citizens in polarized public spheres, and between citizens and their complex governance systems. The wide scale of disrepair in our democratic fabric cannot realistically be patched over through institutional redesign or one-off innovation. Instead this book calls for a more connective and systemic approach to repairing democracies. For reform inspiration the authors engage in a critical dialogue between systems thinking in deliberative democracy and contemporary practices of political participation. They present three rich empirical cases of how everyday actors — citizens, community groups, administrators, and elected officials—are seeking to create and strengthen democratic connections in unpromising or challenging circumstances. The cases uncover the practical and varied work of democratic mending; these are small-scale, incremental interventions aimed at repairing disconnects in different parts of democratic systems. The empirical insights revealed in this book push forward ideas on connectivity in democratic theory and practice. They demonstrate that even in moments of dysfunctional disconnection, considerable learning, adaptation, and improvisation for democratic renewal can emerge. Ultimately, this book pioneers an approach to analysing democratic politics which might spark a ‘connective turn’ in the way scholars and practitioners think about and seek to improve democracy at the large scale.
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Jacobs, Lawrence, and Desmond King. Fed Power. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197573129.001.0001.
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The Federal Reserve, created more than a century ago, is the most powerful central bank in the world. The Fed’s power to alter the money supply, move interest rates, and to intervene to save Wall Street and large corporations helps many Americans, but not equally. Specific industries in finance and large businesses reap lopsided and often concealed benefits while homeowners, workers, and Americans of color slip further behind. The substantial expansion of the Fed’s power circumvents America’s constitutional checks and contributes to economic inequality and racial disparities. The second edition of Lawrence R. Jacobs and Desmond King’s Fed Power extends their decisive account of the Fed’s favoritism toward Wall Street and big business during the 2008–2009 financial crisis to the Fed’s unprecedented responses to the economic collapse sparked by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. In five chapters, Jacobs and King discuss the origins of the Federal Reserve System, its maneuvering to advance its capacity and autonomy to act independent of Congress and the presidency, and unprecedented support for Wall Street and big business during in the crises in 2008–2009 and 2020. Fed Power analyses how the scale of the Fed’s economic interventions since 2008 is provoking public unease, organized protests and advocacy, and congressional pressure for reform. The deadly coronavirus and the Movement for Black Lives are intensifying the push for democratic accountability, stringent regulation of banks, and new policies to reduce economic inequality and Black-White disparities. Fed Power is a corrective to both the Bank’s self-serving claims of serving the public even as it favors the best-off, and the reluctance of researchers to recognize the Fed’s role in America’s racial and economic inequalities.
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Pestieau, Pierre, and Mathieu Lefebvre. Unemployment and Poverty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817055.003.0013.
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This chapter emphasizes the role of unemployment insurance and labour market policies. Starting from the recent evolution of unemployment in the European countries, it presents the main aspects of unemployment insurance systems and shows the disparities in terms of generosity and coverage among the countries. The trade-off between flexibility and protection of employees is presented and the example of the Danish flexicurity is put into perspective with recent reforms introduced in France or Germany that push for more activation and experience rating. The chapter then surveys the recent changes in the nature of European employment such as the case of deported workers or the increase of jobs related to new technologies. These changes exert pressure on the poorest workers and call for controls of work contracts.
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Wright, Almeda M. Fragmentation in Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664732.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 continues addressing the psychological and sociological dimensions of fragmented spirituality among African American youth. African American youth navigate multiple and competing systems structured to pull or push them into “fragmentation.” In a world where basic life skills for young African Americans have come to include “keep your hands where everyone can see them,” the prospect of individuation—based on a notions of autonomous selves and American meritocracy—seem almost fantastical. How does shifting from the assumption of an autonomous self toward an emphasis on relational and communal selves help counter fragmented spirituality? This chapter moves beyond binaries to consider the positive function of fragmentation and developmental characteristics that allow African Americans, and particularly youth, to navigate, interpret, and integrate multiple perspectives without necessitating resolution into a simple “self.”
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Manow, Philip, Hanna Schwander, and Bruno Palier. Conclusions: Electoral Dynamics in Times of Changing Welfare Capitalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0012.
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The Conclusion summarizes the most important findings of the book. It states a homogenization of European party systems, the emergence of a new combination of leftist socio-economic and rightist socio-cultural positions in many parties, and the rise of the radical right in the north of Europe and the radical left in the south. The contributions of this book also indicate a confluence toward renewed welfare state support among both parties and voters. Finally, center-right parties in power in continental and northern European countries, being under pressure from their rising radical right competitors, push for tougher austerity measures throughout the EU. These measures, or even just the rhetoric, further fuel the success of the radical left in the southern periphery. Hence, the Europeanization of political dynamics, combined with incompatible growth models, has created pronounced European cleavages.
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Gugerty, Mary Kay, and Dean Karlan. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199366088.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the landscape of data collection and impact measurement among nonprofit and social sector organizations. New technologies for collecting data as well as increasing donor demand for accountability create a culture of impact. However, this push to measure impact has also led to a proliferation of misguided efforts to do so. Many organizations fall into one of three traps when monitoring and evaluating their programs: too few data, too much data, or the wrong data. This chapter introduces the CART principles, which guide organizations to collect data that are credible, actionable, responsible, and transportable. It also outlines the structure of the book and describes the case studies that illustrate the CART principles in action. The chapter explains how the book can be used by both social sector organizations and their funders to develop data systems that support learning, improvement, and impact.
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Wallace, David. Philosophy of Physics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198814320.001.0001.
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Philosophy of Physics: A Very Short Introduction explores the core topics of philosophy of physics through three key themes: the nature of space and time; the origin of irreversibility and probability in the physics of large systems; how we can make sense of quantum mechanics. Central issues discussed include: the scientific method as it applies in modern physics; the distinction between absolute and relative motion; the way that distinction changes between Newton’s physics and special relativity; what spacetime is and how it relates to the laws of physics; how fundamental physics can make no distinction between past and future and yet a clear distinction exists in the world we see around us; why it is so difficult to understand quantum mechanics, and why doing so might push us to change our fundamental physics, to rethink the nature of science, or even to accept the existence of parallel universes.
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Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Infection and inflammation. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0027.
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Pathophysiology of sepsis and multi-organ failure 462Infection control—general principles 464HIV 466Severe falciparum malaria 468Vasculitides in the ICU 470Source control 472Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) 474Markers of infection 476Adrenal insufficiency and sepsis 478Infectious agents entering the body lead to local inflammation, pus and abscess formation, and affect the whole body through systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation is recognized by the presence of fever, abnormal WCC, and increased heart and respiratory rate, and is known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). If SIRS is due to infection (as distinct from other causes such as pancreatitis, burns or major trauma) it is defined as sepsis....
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Hermans, Hubert J. M. Social and Societal Over-Positioning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687793.003.0006.
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The process of over-positioning shows how exaggeration of positioning leads to I-prisons that limit the freedom of the self. After presenting some examples of over-positioning (pushy parents) and under-positioning (depression), the main focus is on the comparison of the former Soviet communist system that placed the other (the community) above the self (the individual), and the capitalist society in its neo-liberal manifestation that places the self above the other. In this context, the following developments are discussed: the process of marketization and economizing in modern societies and their manifestation in consumerism as forms of over-positioning, the “empty self” resulting from the combination of individualism and consumerism after World War II, the shadow side of the American Dream; the excesses of hyperconsumption in an affluent society, the psychological consequences of money orientation, and the failure of overconsumption to contribute significantly to happiness.
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Vergara, Camila. Systemic Corruption. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691207537.001.0001.
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This book reveals how the majority of modern liberal democracies have become increasingly oligarchic, suffering from a form of structural political decay first conceptualized by ancient philosophers. The book argues that the problem cannot be blamed on the actions of corrupt politicians but is built into the very fabric of our representative systems. The book provides a compelling and original genealogy of political corruption from ancient to modern thought, and shows how representative democracy was designed to protect the interests of the already rich and powerful to the detriment of the majority. Unable to contain the unrelenting force of oligarchy, especially after experimenting with neoliberal policies, most democracies have been corrupted into oligarchic democracies. The book explains how to reverse this corrupting trajectory by establishing a new counterpower strong enough to control the ruling elites. Building on the anti-oligarchic institutional innovations proposed by plebeian philosophers, the book rethinks the republic as a mixed order in which popular power is institutionalized to check the power of oligarchy. The book demonstrates how a plebeian republic would establish a network of local assemblies with the power to push for reform from the grassroots, independent of political parties and representative government. The book proposes to reverse the decay of democracy with the establishment of anti-oligarchic institutions through which common people can collectively resist the domination of the few.
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Hong, Sun-ha. Technologies of Speculation. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479860234.001.0001.
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What counts as knowledge in the age of big data and smart machines? Technologies of datafication renew the long modern promise of turning bodies into facts. They seek to take human intentions, emotions, and behavior and to turn these messy realities into discrete and stable truths. But in pursuing better knowledge, technology is reshaping in its image what counts as knowledge. The push for algorithmic certainty sets loose an expansive array of incomplete archives, speculative judgments, and simulated futures. Too often, data generates speculation as much as it does information. Technologies of Speculation traces this twisted symbiosis of knowledge and uncertainty in emerging state and self-surveillance technologies. It tells the story of vast dragnet systems constructed to predict the next terrorist and of how familiar forms of prejudice seep into the data by the back door. In software placeholders, such as “Mohammed Badguy,” the fantasy of pure data collides with the old specter of national purity. It shows how smart machines for ubiquitous, automated self-tracking, manufacturing knowledge, paradoxically lie beyond the human senses. This data is increasingly being taken up by employers, insurers, and courts of law, creating imperfect proxies through which my truth can be overruled. This book argues that as datafication transforms what counts as knowledge, it is dismantling the long-standing link between knowledge and human reason, rational publics, and free individuals. If data promises objective knowledge, then we must ask in return, Knowledge by and for whom; enabling what forms of life for the human subject?
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Collins, Stephanie. Group Duties. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840275.001.0001.
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Moral duties are regularly attributed to groups. We might think that the United Kingdom has a moral duty to defend human rights, that environmentalists have a moral duty to push for global systemic reform, or that the affluent have a moral duty to alleviate poverty. This book asks (i) whether such groups are apt to bear duties and (ii) what this implies for their members. It defends a ‘Tripartite Model’ of group duties, which divides groups into three fundamental categories. First, combinations are collections of agents that do not have any goals or decision-making procedures in common. Combinations cannot bear moral duties. Instead, we should re-cast their purported duties as a series of duties—one held by each agent in the combination. Each duty demands its bearer to ‘I-reason’: to do the best they can, given whatever they happen to believe the others will do. Second, coalitions are groups whose members share goals but lack decision-making procedures. Coalitions also cannot bear duties, but their alleged duties should be replaced with members’ several duties to ‘we-reason’: to do one’s part in a particular group pattern of actions, on the presumption that others will do likewise. Third, collectives have group-level procedures for making decisions. They can bear duties. Collectives’ duties imply duties for collectives’ members to use their role in the collective with a view to the collective doing its duty.
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Phillips, Christian Dyogi. Nowhere to Run. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538937.001.0001.
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Nowhere to Run: Race, Gender, and Immigration in American Elections advances an intersectional account for why the underrepresentation of women and racial minorities in elected office has proven so persistent. Using an original dataset encompassing nearly every state legislative general election from 1996 to 2015, and interview and survey data from 42 states, the book demonstrates that factors in candidate emergence that have long been treated as exclusively “racial” or “gendered” in political science are, in fact, shaped by race and gender simultaneously. Focusing on women and men from the two fastest-growing racial groups in the United States—Asian Americans and Latina/os—the book shows that prevailing conceptions of the utility of majority-minority districts and the importance of individual-level concerns like ambition in explaining representation on the ballot require revision. The intersectional model of electoral opportunity presented in the book argues that overlapping and simultaneous structural factors play a previously underappreciated role in shaping who runs for office—and who does not. At the national level, the distribution of majority-white populations across most districts sharply constrains the number of realistic opportunities for nonwhite women and men to get on the ballot. At the local level, within districts and communities of color, the scarcity of viable opportunities to run exacerbates informal processes and institutions that tend to push women of color further from the candidate pipeline. These interactive features of the landscape of electoral opportunities produce a systemic absence of competition for descriptive representation in most state legislative elections.
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Awesome Super Nintendo Secrets II. Bournermouth, U.K.: Paragon Publishing, Limited, 1993.
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Inc, Game Counsellor, ed. The Game Counsellor's answer book for Nintendo Game players: Hundredsof questions -and answers - about more than 250 popular Nintendo Games. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 1991.
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