Academic literature on the topic 'PV module; solar panel efficiency; Arduino'
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Journal articles on the topic "PV module; solar panel efficiency; Arduino"
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Jia Joon, Chong, and Kelvin Chew Wai Jin. "Design of Augmented Cooling System for Urban Solar PV System." MATEC Web of Conferences 335 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133503002.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels have been widely used to convert the renewable energy from the sun to electrical energy to power electrical loads but suffers from relatively low efficiency between 15% to 22%. Typically, the panels have an average lifespan of 25 to 30 years but could degrade quicker due to the panel overheating. Beyond the optimum working temperature of 25°C, a drop of efficiency by 0.4 to 0.5% for every 1°C had been reported. For solar PV applications in urban regions, passive cooling is beneficial due to limited amount of space and lower energy consumption compared to active cooling. A solar PV system with augmented cooling was conducted at a balcony of a condominium from 10am until 2pm. The solar PV system consisted of an Arduino controller, solar panel module, temperature sensor and LCD monitor. Reusable cold and hot gel packs were attached to the bottom of the solar PV. Both setups of solar PV panel with and without the cooling system were placed at the balcony simultaneously for measurement of temperature, output voltage and current. From this research, the outcome of implementing a cooling system to the solar PV increases the efficiency of the energy conversion.
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Murizah, Kassim, and Lazim Fadila. "Adaptive photovoltaic solar module based on internet of things and web-based monitoring system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 924–35. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp924-935.
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This paper presents an intelligent of single axis automatic adaptive photovoltaic solar module. A static solar panel has an issue of efficiency on shading effects, irradiance of sunlight absorbed, and less power generates. This aims to design an effective algorithm tracking system and a prototype automatic adaptive solar photovoltaic (PV) module connected through internet of things (IoT). The system has successfully designated on solving efficiency optimization. A tracking system by using active method orientation and allows more power and energy are captured. The solar rotation angle facing aligned to the light-dependent resistor (LDR) voltage captured and high solar panel voltage measured by using Arduino microcontroller. Real-time data is collected from the dynamic solar panel, published on Node-Red webpage, and running interactive via android device. The system has significantly reduced time. Data captured by the solar panel then analyzed based on irradiance, voltage, current, power generated and efficiency. Successful results present a live data analytic platform with active tracking system that achieved larger power generated and efficiency of solar panel compared to a fixed mounted array. This research is significant that can help the user to monitor parameters collected by the solar panel thus able to increase 51.82% efficiency of the PV module.
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Kassim, Murizah, and Fadila Lazim. "Adaptive photovoltaic solar module based on internet of things and web-based monitoring system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp924-935.
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<span>This paper presents an intelligent of single axis automatic adaptive photovoltaic solar module. A static solar panel has an issue of efficiency on shading effects, irradiance of sunlight absorbed, and less power generates. This aims to design an effective algorithm tracking system and a prototype automatic adaptive solar photovoltaic (PV) module connected through </span><span>internet of things (IoT). The system has successfully designated on solving efficiency optimization. A tracking system by using active method orientation and allows more power and energy are captured. The solar rotation angle facing aligned to the light-dependent resistor (LDR) voltage captured and high solar panel voltage measured by using Arduino microcontroller. Real-time data is collected from the dynamic solar panel, published on Node-Red webpage, and running interactive via android device. The system has significantly reduced time. Data captured by the solar panel then analyzed based on irradiance, voltage, current, power generated and efficiency. Successful results present a live data analytic platform with active tracking system that achieved larger power generated and efficiency of solar panel compared to a fixed mounted array. This research is significant that can help the user to monitor parameters collected by the solar panel thus able to increase 51.82% efficiency of the PV module.</span>
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Kanimozhi, K., and B. Raja Mohamed Rabi. "Programmed solar panel purgation system: Solar purgator." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 22, no. 4 (2024): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2024.22.4.2465.
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Solar energy is the most appealing green energy conversion technology. Interestingly, solar panels usage has increased enormously, and it is a subject of fascination since they are widely available. Dust characteristics are one of the major factors affecting Photovoltaic (PV) panel performance as well as the cost of maintaining and producing electricity from a PV system. The PV panel performance depends on a series of parameters: Internal and external factors. Internal factors are one from which solar cell material is made, depending upon different materials and manufacturing technologies. Efficiency of the solar PV panel varies, whereas the parameters affecting externally are climatic conditions, humidness, solar irradiance, panel orientation. It was observed that dust builds up on the modules front surface which blocks the sun incident light had a significant impact on the power producing ratio of PV modules, so it significantly decreased their ability to produce power output capacity by up to 50% and their efficiency by 58%. Hence, an Arduino based automated cleaning system based on piezoelectric actuator system is proposed to ensure that a solar panel operates at the best state of generation while using the solar panel in a dusty environment. For cleaning, this method employs two procedures. According to experimental findings, the suggested cleaning technique can function with an efficiency of 87-96%.
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Hardas, Mrs Vedanti, Sagar Ingole, Sahil Sheikh, and Sagar Kale. "Solar Panel Monitoring System Using IOT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42133.
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Abstract: The invention of the smart grid goes beyond the traditional notion of a one-way power supply. Developed countries have already begun to adopt smart meters, devices and renewable energy sources. Developing and countries still face power shortages on a daily basis. The integration of IoT and energy systems has revolutionized the world in terms of energy efficiency and real-time monitoring. This paper describes an experimental study of how IoT can power the current/ voltage and power generation of self-contained renewable energy sources. Solar modules can be monitored. This document also describes how to modify the tilt angle of the solar panel to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. Solar modules are monitored via a network system with NodeMCU, Atmega328 IC, Arduino. By carrying out the proposed work at a photovoltaic (PV) power plant, you can simplify the monitoring of solar panels. In addition, monitoring power generation can significantly improve the health of PV systems. Keywords: IoT based Solar Panel, Solar monitoring, NodeMCU,
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Tade, S. V. "DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem04452.
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Abstract - This paper presents the development and implementation of a dual-axis solar tracking system designed to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules in a solar energy setup. The system aims to maximize the solar irradiance received by the PV panel by maintaining continuous alignment with the sun throughout the day. A hardware prototype was designed and constructed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which controls two servo motors to rotate the solar panel along both azimuth and elevation axes. The control mechanism is driven by real-time input from four light-dependent resistors (LDRs) positioned around the panel to detect the direction of maximum light intensity. The microcontroller processes this data to adjust the panel orientation dynamically. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking system increases energy output compared to a fixed-panel setup. The presented design serves as a reliable reference model and foundation for the development of more advanced solar tracking systems in future research. Key words: Solar Tracking System, Dual-Axis, Photovoltaic Efficiency, Arduino Uno, LDR Sensor, Servo Motor.
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F., Eiche, J., Bamidele, O. O, Fadiji, E. A., and Mogaji, T. S. "Design and Construction of an Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning System." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, no. 12 (2023): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2023.v08i12.001.
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PV panels are installed in an open-spaced setting and then exposed to dust, dirt, and debris which significantly reduce their power output, making regular cleaning essential. Therefore, this research developed an automatic cleaning system for solar panels to enhance their efficiency and performance. The developed system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller, a lead screw mechanism, and a cleaning arm to automate the cleaning process. The system is designed to automatically control the cleaning system wirelessly using a Wi-Fi module that has been integrated on the Arduino board, and when the solar panels require cleaning, it activates the cleaning arm to remove the accumulated dirt. This research project involves the design, development, and implementation of the automatic cleaning system. The components used in the system include a PC817 optocoupler, C815 limit switch, Nodemcu microcontroller, DC wiper motor (12V), screw mechanism, metallic frame, solar panels, and a DC power supply (12V). These components are carefully selected to ensure efficient and reliable operation of the cleaning system. The system performance for both cleaning and dusty panels has been evaluated and it was found that the efficiency for the cleaning system is higher with output power of 53.69W. The developed system can be used to enhance the PV module performance areas where the weather can be classified as dusty and the pollutants are increasing day by day as a result of smokes, industrial work and new building construction.
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Irwan Yusoff, Swee Yi Jun, Mohd Hafizuddin Mat, et al. "The Development of Hybrid Cooling Photovoltaic Panel by using Active and Passive Cooling System." CFD Letters 16, no. 5 (2024): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.5.107120.
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Photovoltaic (PV) panel are crucial in the conversion of solar irradiance into electrical energy. However, the efficiency of PV panel is indirectly influenced by the surface temperature of the panels. According to typical PV module standards, the effect of panel temperature on efficiency is -0.47 %/°C, which indicates that a rise of 1°C reduces the PV panel's efficiency by 0.47 %. The efficiency of the PV panel achieves its maximum value when the panel temperature reaches 25 ℃, which is the standard test condition (STC). Moreover, a high working temperature can also reduce the lifetime of the PV panel. Based on the limitations that have been highlighted above, this project aims to design and develop a hybrid cooling PV panel by using active and passive cooling system with Arduino UNO R3. In this project, 100 W monocrystalline photovoltaic panel has been selected to analyze the result before and after installation of hybrid cooling system. Active cooling system is a water sprinkler system which is applied in front of the PV panel. Meanwhile, the passive cooling system is a combination of hydrogel beads and the heat-sink cooling system which will be installed behind the PV panel. In result, the average power output of PV panel without cooling was 30.59 W while the average power output of PV panel with hybrid cooling was 34.66 W. Moreover, the average power increased due to cooling was 13.31 %. In a nutshell, the proposed project has the ability to develop a hybrid cooling system to improve the performance and efficiency of the PV panel in order to increase the power output of the panel.
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M, Thirupathaiah. "Design and Implementation of Solar Based Dc Grid using Arduino Uno." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 10, no. 6 (2021): 109–13. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.F8725.0410621.
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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as Solar Photovoltaic (PV) became more popular over the last decade due to increasing environmental awareness and tax exemption policies on the solar PV systems. Integration of solar PV using various smart load management techniques will boost the efficiency of the overall system by reducing the massive cost of electricity bills. There is a need to find efficient and expert ways to enjoy these RES exclusively. Besides providing the connection between different loads, this system has the ability to collect information and execute control commands for the households by providing continuous observations and information about both load and supply profile, convincing the end user to take preventive measures by switching the auxiliary load to save power. This paper presents implementation of a low cost Solar based DC grid using Arduino. In the proposed system, the node which acts as a microcontroller reads the power consumption by the loads in each unit through current sensor. When the excess amount of power is consumed at particular unit, the controller makes the relay cut off the supply to the loads, which will be continuously displayed through LCD. This DC based power system helps to eliminate the requirement of converters systems, reducing converter cost, power system complexity, improve efficiency and reliability.
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Angulo-Calderón, Marthoz, Iván Salgado-Tránsito, Iván Trejo-Zúñiga, Carlos Paredes-Orta, Sajjad Kesthkar, and Arturo Díaz-Ponce. "Development and Accuracy Assessment of a High-Precision Dual-Axis Pre-Commercial Solar Tracker for Concentrating Photovoltaic Modules." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052625.
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In recent decades, advances in the development of solar tracking systems (STSs) have led to concentrating solar technologies to increase their energy conversion efficiency. These systems, however, still have areas of opportunity or improving their performance and reducing their manufacturing costs. This paper presents the design, construction and evaluation of a high-precision dual-axis solar tracking system with a technology readiness level of 7–8. The system is controlled by a low-cost Arduino board in a closed-loop control using a micro-electromechanical solar sensor. Real-time tracking experiments were performed under a clear sky as well as during partly and mostly cloudy days. Solar tracking accuracy was evaluated in an operational environment using test procedures adapted from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62817 standard. The total mean instantaneous solar tracking error on a clear day measured with a calibrated digital solar sensor was 0.37° and 0.52° with a developed pinhole projection system. Similarly, the total mean reported solar tracking accuracy achieved was 0.390° on a sunny day and 0.536° on a partially cloudy day. An annual power generation analysis considering a conventional photovoltaic (PV) panel system and a typical concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module as payloads was also presented. Simulations showed an increase in the generation of up to 37.5% for a flat panel with dual-axis tracking versus a fixed panel. In the case of the CPV system, first, a ray tracing study was implemented to determine the misalignment coefficient, then the annual power generation was estimated. The developed STS allowed the CPV modules to reach at least 90% of their nominal energy conversion efficiency.
Book chapters on the topic "PV module; solar panel efficiency; Arduino"
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Shanmugasundaram, Singaravelan, M. Sukumar, A. Mathan Kumar, et al. "Solar Panel Tilting System Using IoT." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8141-0.ch007.
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The optimization goal is to increase the amount of generated energy with the help of photovoltaic system considering the tracking system's consumption. Determination of the tilt angle and azimuth angle trajectories is described as a nonlinear and bounded optimization problem. For collection of solar energy we have used sensors (LDR) for tracking of sun's path to make sure that the panel should be placed in MPPT to observe more efficiency and make sure that the panel should be placed in MPPT point. In order to maximize power output from solar panels, one needs to keep the panels aligned with the sun. In the world to avoid the dependency on non-renewable resources, solar energy is rapidly gaining the focus. Different approaches are imposed to increase the efficiency of the solar cells by tracking the sun. This system will rotate according to the position of the sun. The operation of the experimental model of the device is based on a servo motor which is intelligently controlled by an Arduino UNO board that moves a mini PV panel according to the rotation of the sun.
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N, Karpagam, Sridhar M S, Boobaesh S, and Santhosh S. "SELF MONITORING AND CLEANING SYSTEM FOR SOLAR PANEL." In Futuristic Trends in Renewable & Sustainable Energy Volume 3 Book 4. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bars4p3ch9.
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In India, Both urban and rural residents have had significant problems with the supply of energy. Energy is one of the major problems facing the globe today. Agribusiness waste and fuel wood provide 60–70% of the nation's energy needs. The sun radiates energy, which is a renewable resource with great potential. To replace the use of electric energy derived from petroleum, renewable energy is necessary. The utilisation of solar energy must be increased as it is now a source of renewable energy. Solar PV modules are typically employed in dusty environments, such those seen in tropical nations like India. Dust accumulates on the module's front surface, blocking incident sunlight.. It lowers the module's ability to generate electricity. If the module is not cleaned for a month, the power output might drop by up to 50%. The cleaning system, which was created, uses embedded code to clean the module. The power efficiency of the PV modules will be increased by cleaning off the dust
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Saravanapandian, M., S. Athimoolam, L. Manoharan, and S. Sivakumar. "IMPROVEMENT OF SOLAR PV UNIT COMPETENCE THROUGH NEEM OIL AS COOLANT." In Futuristic Trends in Renewable & Sustainable Energy Volume 3 Book 1. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bdrs1p1ch3.
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The Solar PV cells are used to convert the sunlight into electricity and Sunlight radiation also have heat which is reduced to efficiency of the panel. The heat should be controlling the limited value or otherwise reduced the performance of the panel so that, heat is move to the cooling medium thus maintaining the heat in functioning limit. The proposed method is explained in the probability of cooling themonocrystalline and polycrystalline structure is used as neem oil throughincorporatedoilcontainer fitted into backside of the unit. The neem oil is not polluted the environment, thus also used to exchange noxious mineral oil. The neem oil moved from depository tank to backside of the unit and together in an additional depositor tank, thus be able to reuse. The proposed method is detailed investigated and functioning comparison takes place different PV type such as monocrystalline and polycrystalline module with various kind of edible oil. Thus, the important outcomes of method are decrease the panel temperature and enhance efficiency of the PV panel. The viscosity and calorific value are important parameter of cooling oil.
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Shanmugasundaram, Singaravelan, D. Murugan, S. Hemasilviavinothini, et al. "Solar Panel Tilting System in IoT Using Maximum Power Point Tracking." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7812-0.ch013.
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The optimization goal is to increase the amount of generated energy with the help of photovoltaic system considering the tracking system's consumption. Determination of the tilt angle and azimuth angle trajectories is described as a nonlinear and bounded optimization problem. For collection of solar energy we have used sensors (LDR) for tracking of sun's path to make sure that the panel should be placed in MPPTto observe more efficiency and make sure that the panel should be placed in MPPT point.This is definitely a more cost effective solution than purchasing additional solar panels. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is used to track the maximum amount of solar energy generated by the sun. In the world to avoid the dependency on non - renewable resources, solar energy is rapidly gaining the focus. This system will rotate according to the position of the sun. The operation of the experimental model of the device is based on a servo motor which is intelligently controlled by an Arduino UNO board that moves a mini PV panel according to the rotation of the sun.
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Ramya, R. R., and J. Banumathi. "IOT BASED MONITORING OF DUAL AXIS TRACKER FED PV SYSTEM." In Futuristic Trends in IOT Volume 3 Book 4. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bdio4p1ch8.
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We are currently living in a new era of modernism known as the Internet of Things (IoT). In this proposed system, the performance and monitoring of solar energy are significantly improved by using the IoT. It is a method for monitoring solar panel performance to provide the most power for active use. To trap maximum energy from PV, dual axis solar tracker is used. The strongest feature of these trackers is their ability to travel in all directions, which allows them to track the Sun's motion for longer while also supplying more energy. They don't hold off until the sun's rays touch the panels. Instead, during the day, the panels move in sync with the Sun. The DC-DC converter equipped with an MPPT controller is necessary to increase the PV cell's utilization efficiency. In this system, a SEPIC converter is employed to raise the voltage to the desired level with little voltage stress. Moreover, in order to achieve optimal efficiency, Type -2 fuzzy based MPPT approach is employed for tracking the maximum power when solar array module output power changes in case of sun insolation and temperature fluctuation. The proposed system works well in generating high power as well as it enhances the system effectiveness. With the use of MATLAB, the simulation results of the proposed system were obtained. The findings describes that the proposed PV model’s productivity and efficiency have greatly improved compared to conventional approaches
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Kumar, Adarsh, Raj Gopal Mishra, Sumit Kumar, and Omkar Singh Kardam. "An Augmentation in Energy Efficiency for GridCoupled PV System by IT3FLC Controller-Based MPPT." In Demystifying Emerging Trends in Green Technology. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815324099125030035.
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Photovoltaic arrays can achieve their maximum power point (MPP) under any circumstances through the utilization of a technique called maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Field-Programmable Logic Controllers (FLCs), such as IT1FLC, IT2FLC, and IT3FLC, offer the most efficient means of monitoring Maximum PowerPoint Tracking (MPPT). The research introduces a novel T3FL near method that enhances tracking accuracy and speed by addressing the ambiguity caused by instabilities. The suggested system consists of a photovoltaic module, a battery, a resistive load, and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-controlled buck converter. To ensure that the photovoltaic (PV) system performs at its maximum power point (MPP), the buck converter is directly linked to the solar panel. This connection is designed to align with the output pulse width of the recommended controller. The IT3FLC algorithm maximizes the output of solar panels to reduce battery degradation caused by fluctuating MPPT voltage and extend battery lifespan. The total power and voltage of IT3FLC are equivalent to the present IT1FLC and IT2FLC of the battery and load, respectively. The suggested various methodologies for assessing the MPPT efficiency were implemented by conducting simulated research and practical tests on a solar module and a buck converter. The techniques are implemented using MATLAB Simulink. All three weather conditions - homogeneous light, rapid shift, and partial shade - are accurately reproduced. The modeling and experiments confirm that the IT3FLC ensures precise maximum power, strong stability, and reliable performance despite uncertainties caused by disruptions to the inputs of the photovoltaic system.
Conference papers on the topic "PV module; solar panel efficiency; Arduino"
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Collins, Robert P., and Ernesto Gutierrez-Miravete. "Mathematical Model of a Hybrid Solar Panel." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37259.
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Hybrid solar panels are energy conversion devices that combine photovoltaic cells with an efficient heat exchanger. By circulating a cold liquid underneath a PV cell module array, the array is cooled, increasing its energy conversion efficiency, while also recovering excess heat. This paper describes finite element modeling work designed to investigate the increased collection efficiency that is possible when using hybrid solid panels. The model simulates fluid flow, heat transfer and energy conversion in a two-dimensional configuration with heat exchangers consisting of two parallel plates with and without fins. Results show that the fraction of the solar energy recovered is significantly higher when the heat exchanger is attached to the PV module array to produce the hybrid solar panel.
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Dubey, Swapnil, C. S. Soon, Sin Lih Chin, and Leon Lee. "Performance Analysis of Innovative Top Cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (TPV) Modules Under Tropics." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59075.
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The main focus area of this research paper to efficiently remove the heat generated during conversion of solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) module. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of commercial available PV module varies in the range of 8%–20% depending on the type of solar cell materials used for the module construction, e.g. crystalline silicon, thin film, CIGS, organic, etc. During the conversion process, only a small fraction of the incident solar radiation is utilize by PV cells to produce electricity and the remaining is converted into waste heat in the module which causes the PV cell temperature to increase and its efficiency to drop. This thermal energy could be extract using air or water as a heat removal fluid to utilize in heating applications. The purpose of a solar photovoltaic module is to convert solar energy into electricity. The hybrid combination of photovoltaic module and thermal collector called Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module. Such PVT module combines a PV, which converts electromagnetic radiation (photons) into electricity, with a solar thermal module, which captures the remaining energy and removes waste heat from the PV module. Cooling of cells either by natural or forced circulation can reduce the PV cell temperature. The simultaneous cooling of the PV cells maintains their PV efficiency at a satisfactory level and offers a better way of utilizing solar energy by generating thermal energy as well. PVT system has higher overall efficiency as compared to separate PV and thermal collector. The heat output of a PVT module can be used for space heating or production of domestic hot water. This paper presents an innovative design of top cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (T-PV) module and its performance under outdoor weather condition of Singapore. T-PV collector is designed to flow fluid over the top of PV panel through a very narrow gap between the solar lens. This process improves heat removal process from PV panel, and hence, improves the electrical output of PV panel as compared to other PVT collector available in the market. By flowing the water from top of the PV panel will also provide better thermal efficiency. A T-PV collector system with storage tank, sensors, pump, flow meters, data logger and controls, have been installed at test-site located in Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore. Performance analysis of T-PV collector system has been evaluated under the tropical climatic conditions of Singapore. It was found that T-PV module could produce additional electrical power as compared to standard PV panel of same capacity by operating at lower temperature. In addition to electricity, T-PV panel also generate the hot water up to 60 deg C at an average thermal efficiency of 41% for usage in residential and commercial buildings. The average thermal energy output was 3.1 kWh/day on typical day’s basis.
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Furushima, Kaoru, Yutaka Nawata, and Michio Sadatomi. "Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power-Generation System Equipped With a Cooling Device Utilizing Siphonage: 2nd Report — Improvement of a PV System Placed on a Residential Rooftop." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76027.
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PV modules have a problem that the power generated decreases with the rise of the PV module temperature. In order to solve the problem, we recently developed a new PV cooling device utilizing siphonage. In the first report [1] of this series, we presented the experimental results on the PV mounted on an open rack and that the cooling system is effective in both the improvement of the PV efficiency and the reduction of fuel consumption by reusing hot water from the system. In this study, we conducted long-term monitoring tests on the open rack-mount PV system with a cooling panel behind the PV module and with an insulation board (made of foam polystyrene) behind the cooling panel, simulating the residential rooftop PV system. The data obtained in the experiment have been compared with those obtained for the previous system with the cooling panel but without the insulation board. The comparison shows that the increment in energy production after equipping the cooling panel is much more for the present system with the insulation board irrespective of the cooling start temperature, being the PV temperature when cooling water was started to flow. This result suggests that the installation of the cooling system is more useful for the residential rooftop PV system than the open rack-mount system.
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Davis, Mark W., A. Hunter Fanney, and Brian P. Dougherty. "Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-140.
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Abstract A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings realized from building integrated photovoltaics justifies the additional capital expenditure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to provide high quality experimental data that can be used to develop and validate these predictive performance tools. The temperature of a photovoltaic module affects its electrical output characteristics and efficiency. Traditionally, the temperature of solar cells has been characterized using the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), which can be used in conjunction with a calculation procedure to predict the module’s temperature for various environmental conditions. The NOCT procedure provides a representative prediction of the cell temperature, specifically for the ubiquitous rack-mounted installation. The procedure estimates the cell temperature based on the ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. It makes the approximation that the overall heat loss coefficient is constant. In other words, the temperature difference between the panel and the environment is linearly related to the heat flux on the panels (solar irradiance). The heat transfer characteristics of a rack-mounted PV module and a BIPV module can be quite different. The manner in which the module is installed within the building envelope influences the cell’s operating temperature. Unlike rack-mounted modules, the two sides of the modules may be subjected to significantly different environmental conditions. This paper presents a new technique to compute the operating temperature of cells within building integrated photovoltaic modules using a one-dimensional transient heat transfer model. The resulting predictions are compared to measured BIPV cell temperatures for two single crystalline BIPV panels (one insulated panel and one uninsulated panel). Finally, the results are compared to predictions using the NOCT technique.
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Subhan, Abdul, and Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad. "Manufacturing and Performance Assessment of Solar Photo-Voltaic Modules by Adopting Various Heat Dissipation Techniques: A Review." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72889.
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Abstract One of the major drawbacks in the performance of PV modules is their operating temperature which grows linearly with the irradiance. It is well known for a fact that solar cell temperature is directly dependent on the electrical conversion efficiency of a PV module. The extra heat generated by the PV module due to the absorption of incoming solar irradiance is seen as an electrical loss to the overall output of the system and also results in thermal stresses getting developed. Therefore, to tackle this issue of overheating, the focus of PV module research in the past two decades has always been to analyze & develop various kinds of Heat dissipation techniques to reduce its cell temperature thereby increasing the maximum power output of the panel. This work presents a comprehensive review of the technologies adopted by researchers for heat dissipation of PV systems by both active and passive cooling techniques such as hybrid Solar PV/T system, usage of phase change materials, improved heat exchanger channel design, heat sinks, jet impingement cooling, thermoelectric cooling etc. This manuscript considers also the most economical, feasible and cost-effective heat dissipation /cooling technique of the PV modules and finally to give a perspective of how feasible they are in being adopted by the manufacturing sector. The outcomes of this study can help researchers, designers and engineers to analyze and come up with a practical solution in development of PV systems.
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Najafi, Hamidreza, and Keith Woodbury. "Feasibility Study of Using Thermoelectric Cooling Modules for Active Cooling of Photovoltaic Panels." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88222.
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Temperature increment is one of the main challenges for solar concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems which cause cell degradation and significant efficiency loss. To overcome this issue, a novel cooling method by using Peltier effect is proposed and investigated. In this approach, thermoelectric cooling (TEC) modules are considered to be installed on the back side of the photovoltaic (PV) module. The required power to run the TEC module is provided by the PV panel itself. A comprehensive model is developed and simulated via MATLAB in order to determine the values of temperatures in different sections of the system and calculate the required power to run the TEC module and the extra generated power by PV panels due to the cooling effect. The result shows that using TEC modules can successfully keep the PV cell temperature within the desired temperature range during a hot day when limited temperature reduction is needed.
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Kulkarni, Sudhir, Saurabh Tonapi, Pierre Larochelle, and Kunal Mitra. "Effect of Tracking Flat Reflector Using Novel Auxiliary Drive Mechanism on the Performance of Stationary Photovoltaic Module." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42973.
Full textAbstract:
General ways of cost reduction in solar power generation are Solar Tracked Photovoltaic (PV) arrays and concentrator systems. The PV array tracking becomes infeasible with increase in the size of the array and concentrated system is ineffective for continuous power generation as it requires external cooling system. Proposed approach here is to employ a novel auxiliary mirror drive mechanism to track the sun and reflect the rays on to stationary PV arrays. The performance is compared with same PV module without reflector under the same environmental conditions. Solarex SX 38 PV module and cleardome solar reflector (96% reflectivity) are used for the experiments. PV module is connected to electrical load through Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) and data acquisition system for voltage and current measurements. Incident radiation is measured using Li-Cor pyranometers located on the plane of the module and horizontal plane. A shadow band device is used for the measurement of diffuse solar radiation. The PV module is placed facing south at a tilt angle equal to the latitude angle. A reflector is placed facing north and oriented using the novel Mirror Positioning Device (MPD). The MPD is a five bar spherical mechanism used for solar tracking. This mechanism has two degrees of freedom which allows for tracking the sun along its azimuth and altitude. The mechanism is driven by two servo motors which actuate two links. The actuated link 1 helps in achieving the altitude gained by the sun while the actuated link 2 helps to attain the azimuth (or horizontal movement). The reason for using a spherical mechanism is due to the virtue of its architecture; it allows for carrying a larger payload and also helps in reducing weight. Its advantages are that it requires less power than traditional PV array tracking; there is no need for sensors to determine the position of the sun and also that it being a two degree of freedom spherical mechanism yields a large singularity free mirror orienting workspace. Solar radiation, efficiency, and temperature are plotted as a function of time for analysis. Average diffuse solar radiation is found to be in the range of 15 to 20% of total solar radiation. Different experiments are performed to find out the optimum cycle speed for reflector. Measurements show that output from the PV panel can be increased in the order of 22% with the use of tracking reflector. This work has succeeded in its goal in realization that the considerable increase in output power from PV modules can be achieved.
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Sunil Raj, K. R., and K. Manjunath. "Design and Simulation of Modified Auxiliary Resonant Boost Converter for Solar Energy Based Systems." In International Conference on Power System Operation and Energy Management. Interscience Research Network, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/icpsoem.2012.1002.
Full textAbstract:
Solar Power Generation (SPG) is one of the main pollution free electrical power generation system. The efficiency enhancement in the solar system is a challenging task to Electrical Power Engineers (EPE). The efficiency of PV module is very low and its power output depends on solar insolation level and ambient temperature. So maximization of power output with greater efficiency is need of today’s scenario. Several earlier approaches [1-4] are not providing a control strategy for efficient minimization of losses. Moreover there is great loss of power due to mismatch of source and load. Hence, to extract Maximum Power from Solar Photo-Voltaic (SPV) Panel a Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT system needs to be developed. This project proposes a novel soft-switching Simple Auxiliary Resonant Boost Converter (SARC) to achieve greater output from the SPV Panels. The control scheme utilizes PWM techniques to regulate the output power of boost converter at its maximum possible value. This converter is able to turn on both the active power switches at zero current and turn off at zero voltage condition to reduce the switching losses. The detailed design analysis of the SARC has been carried out and results are also validated with SIMULINK of MATLAB 2008a software. The results are comparable with earlier approaches [3, 4]. Hence this modified auxiliary boost converter is suitable for maximisation of energy output in solar power systems.
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Najafi, Hamidreza, and Keith Woodbury. "Modeling and Analysis of a Combined Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Power Generation System." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91330.
Full textAbstract:
In the present paper, the possibility of using thermoelectric power generator modules (TEGs) to convert the heat generated by the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collector into electricity is investigated. A comprehensive heat transfer model for the combined PVT-TEG system is developed via MATLAB and simulated under different conditions. The hot side of the TEG module is considered connected to the top of the air channel which is attached to the backside of the solar panel and the cold side is cooled down by air flow through the air channel under the PV panel. The TEG modules convert the temperature gradient to electricity and generates extra power from the excess heat which results in higher total efficiency. The effect of using combined PVT-TEG on total generated power under different levels of irradiation is presented and discussed.