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1
Jia Joon, Chong, and Kelvin Chew Wai Jin. "Design of Augmented Cooling System for Urban Solar PV System." MATEC Web of Conferences 335 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133503002.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels have been widely used to convert the renewable energy from the sun to electrical energy to power electrical loads but suffers from relatively low efficiency between 15% to 22%. Typically, the panels have an average lifespan of 25 to 30 years but could degrade quicker due to the panel overheating. Beyond the optimum working temperature of 25°C, a drop of efficiency by 0.4 to 0.5% for every 1°C had been reported. For solar PV applications in urban regions, passive cooling is beneficial due to limited amount of space and lower energy consumption compared to active cooling. A solar PV system with augmented cooling was conducted at a balcony of a condominium from 10am until 2pm. The solar PV system consisted of an Arduino controller, solar panel module, temperature sensor and LCD monitor. Reusable cold and hot gel packs were attached to the bottom of the solar PV. Both setups of solar PV panel with and without the cooling system were placed at the balcony simultaneously for measurement of temperature, output voltage and current. From this research, the outcome of implementing a cooling system to the solar PV increases the efficiency of the energy conversion.
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Murizah, Kassim, and Lazim Fadila. "Adaptive photovoltaic solar module based on internet of things and web-based monitoring system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 924–35. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp924-935.
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This paper presents an intelligent of single axis automatic adaptive photovoltaic solar module. A static solar panel has an issue of efficiency on shading effects, irradiance of sunlight absorbed, and less power generates. This aims to design an effective algorithm tracking system and a prototype automatic adaptive solar photovoltaic (PV) module connected through internet of things (IoT). The system has successfully designated on solving efficiency optimization. A tracking system by using active method orientation and allows more power and energy are captured. The solar rotation angle facing aligned to the light-dependent resistor (LDR) voltage captured and high solar panel voltage measured by using Arduino microcontroller. Real-time data is collected from the dynamic solar panel, published on Node-Red webpage, and running interactive via android device. The system has significantly reduced time. Data captured by the solar panel then analyzed based on irradiance, voltage, current, power generated and efficiency. Successful results present a live data analytic platform with active tracking system that achieved larger power generated and efficiency of solar panel compared to a fixed mounted array. This research is significant that can help the user to monitor parameters collected by the solar panel thus able to increase 51.82% efficiency of the PV module.
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Kassim, Murizah, and Fadila Lazim. "Adaptive photovoltaic solar module based on internet of things and web-based monitoring system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp924-935.
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<span>This paper presents an intelligent of single axis automatic adaptive photovoltaic solar module. A static solar panel has an issue of efficiency on shading effects, irradiance of sunlight absorbed, and less power generates. This aims to design an effective algorithm tracking system and a prototype automatic adaptive solar photovoltaic (PV) module connected through </span><span>internet of things (IoT). The system has successfully designated on solving efficiency optimization. A tracking system by using active method orientation and allows more power and energy are captured. The solar rotation angle facing aligned to the light-dependent resistor (LDR) voltage captured and high solar panel voltage measured by using Arduino microcontroller. Real-time data is collected from the dynamic solar panel, published on Node-Red webpage, and running interactive via android device. The system has significantly reduced time. Data captured by the solar panel then analyzed based on irradiance, voltage, current, power generated and efficiency. Successful results present a live data analytic platform with active tracking system that achieved larger power generated and efficiency of solar panel compared to a fixed mounted array. This research is significant that can help the user to monitor parameters collected by the solar panel thus able to increase 51.82% efficiency of the PV module.</span>
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Kanimozhi, K., and B. Raja Mohamed Rabi. "Programmed solar panel purgation system: Solar purgator." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 22, no. 4 (2024): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2024.22.4.2465.
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Solar energy is the most appealing green energy conversion technology. Interestingly, solar panels usage has increased enormously, and it is a subject of fascination since they are widely available. Dust characteristics are one of the major factors affecting Photovoltaic (PV) panel performance as well as the cost of maintaining and producing electricity from a PV system. The PV panel performance depends on a series of parameters: Internal and external factors. Internal factors are one from which solar cell material is made, depending upon different materials and manufacturing technologies. Efficiency of the solar PV panel varies, whereas the parameters affecting externally are climatic conditions, humidness, solar irradiance, panel orientation. It was observed that dust builds up on the modules front surface which blocks the sun incident light had a significant impact on the power producing ratio of PV modules, so it significantly decreased their ability to produce power output capacity by up to 50% and their efficiency by 58%. Hence, an Arduino based automated cleaning system based on piezoelectric actuator system is proposed to ensure that a solar panel operates at the best state of generation while using the solar panel in a dusty environment. For cleaning, this method employs two procedures. According to experimental findings, the suggested cleaning technique can function with an efficiency of 87-96%.
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Hardas, Mrs Vedanti, Sagar Ingole, Sahil Sheikh, and Sagar Kale. "Solar Panel Monitoring System Using IOT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42133.
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Abstract: The invention of the smart grid goes beyond the traditional notion of a one-way power supply. Developed countries have already begun to adopt smart meters, devices and renewable energy sources. Developing and countries still face power shortages on a daily basis. The integration of IoT and energy systems has revolutionized the world in terms of energy efficiency and real-time monitoring. This paper describes an experimental study of how IoT can power the current/ voltage and power generation of self-contained renewable energy sources. Solar modules can be monitored. This document also describes how to modify the tilt angle of the solar panel to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. Solar modules are monitored via a network system with NodeMCU, Atmega328 IC, Arduino. By carrying out the proposed work at a photovoltaic (PV) power plant, you can simplify the monitoring of solar panels. In addition, monitoring power generation can significantly improve the health of PV systems. Keywords: IoT based Solar Panel, Solar monitoring, NodeMCU,
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Tade, S. V. "DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem04452.
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Abstract - This paper presents the development and implementation of a dual-axis solar tracking system designed to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules in a solar energy setup. The system aims to maximize the solar irradiance received by the PV panel by maintaining continuous alignment with the sun throughout the day. A hardware prototype was designed and constructed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which controls two servo motors to rotate the solar panel along both azimuth and elevation axes. The control mechanism is driven by real-time input from four light-dependent resistors (LDRs) positioned around the panel to detect the direction of maximum light intensity. The microcontroller processes this data to adjust the panel orientation dynamically. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking system increases energy output compared to a fixed-panel setup. The presented design serves as a reliable reference model and foundation for the development of more advanced solar tracking systems in future research. Key words: Solar Tracking System, Dual-Axis, Photovoltaic Efficiency, Arduino Uno, LDR Sensor, Servo Motor.
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F., Eiche, J., Bamidele, O. O, Fadiji, E. A., and Mogaji, T. S. "Design and Construction of an Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning System." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, no. 12 (2023): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2023.v08i12.001.
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PV panels are installed in an open-spaced setting and then exposed to dust, dirt, and debris which significantly reduce their power output, making regular cleaning essential. Therefore, this research developed an automatic cleaning system for solar panels to enhance their efficiency and performance. The developed system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller, a lead screw mechanism, and a cleaning arm to automate the cleaning process. The system is designed to automatically control the cleaning system wirelessly using a Wi-Fi module that has been integrated on the Arduino board, and when the solar panels require cleaning, it activates the cleaning arm to remove the accumulated dirt. This research project involves the design, development, and implementation of the automatic cleaning system. The components used in the system include a PC817 optocoupler, C815 limit switch, Nodemcu microcontroller, DC wiper motor (12V), screw mechanism, metallic frame, solar panels, and a DC power supply (12V). These components are carefully selected to ensure efficient and reliable operation of the cleaning system. The system performance for both cleaning and dusty panels has been evaluated and it was found that the efficiency for the cleaning system is higher with output power of 53.69W. The developed system can be used to enhance the PV module performance areas where the weather can be classified as dusty and the pollutants are increasing day by day as a result of smokes, industrial work and new building construction.
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Irwan Yusoff, Swee Yi Jun, Mohd Hafizuddin Mat, et al. "The Development of Hybrid Cooling Photovoltaic Panel by using Active and Passive Cooling System." CFD Letters 16, no. 5 (2024): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.5.107120.
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Photovoltaic (PV) panel are crucial in the conversion of solar irradiance into electrical energy. However, the efficiency of PV panel is indirectly influenced by the surface temperature of the panels. According to typical PV module standards, the effect of panel temperature on efficiency is -0.47 %/°C, which indicates that a rise of 1°C reduces the PV panel's efficiency by 0.47 %. The efficiency of the PV panel achieves its maximum value when the panel temperature reaches 25 ℃, which is the standard test condition (STC). Moreover, a high working temperature can also reduce the lifetime of the PV panel. Based on the limitations that have been highlighted above, this project aims to design and develop a hybrid cooling PV panel by using active and passive cooling system with Arduino UNO R3. In this project, 100 W monocrystalline photovoltaic panel has been selected to analyze the result before and after installation of hybrid cooling system. Active cooling system is a water sprinkler system which is applied in front of the PV panel. Meanwhile, the passive cooling system is a combination of hydrogel beads and the heat-sink cooling system which will be installed behind the PV panel. In result, the average power output of PV panel without cooling was 30.59 W while the average power output of PV panel with hybrid cooling was 34.66 W. Moreover, the average power increased due to cooling was 13.31 %. In a nutshell, the proposed project has the ability to develop a hybrid cooling system to improve the performance and efficiency of the PV panel in order to increase the power output of the panel.
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M, Thirupathaiah. "Design and Implementation of Solar Based Dc Grid using Arduino Uno." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 10, no. 6 (2021): 109–13. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.F8725.0410621.
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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as Solar Photovoltaic (PV) became more popular over the last decade due to increasing environmental awareness and tax exemption policies on the solar PV systems. Integration of solar PV using various smart load management techniques will boost the efficiency of the overall system by reducing the massive cost of electricity bills. There is a need to find efficient and expert ways to enjoy these RES exclusively. Besides providing the connection between different loads, this system has the ability to collect information and execute control commands for the households by providing continuous observations and information about both load and supply profile, convincing the end user to take preventive measures by switching the auxiliary load to save power. This paper presents implementation of a low cost Solar based DC grid using Arduino. In the proposed system, the node which acts as a microcontroller reads the power consumption by the loads in each unit through current sensor. When the excess amount of power is consumed at particular unit, the controller makes the relay cut off the supply to the loads, which will be continuously displayed through LCD. This DC based power system helps to eliminate the requirement of converters systems, reducing converter cost, power system complexity, improve efficiency and reliability.
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Angulo-Calderón, Marthoz, Iván Salgado-Tránsito, Iván Trejo-Zúñiga, Carlos Paredes-Orta, Sajjad Kesthkar, and Arturo Díaz-Ponce. "Development and Accuracy Assessment of a High-Precision Dual-Axis Pre-Commercial Solar Tracker for Concentrating Photovoltaic Modules." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052625.
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In recent decades, advances in the development of solar tracking systems (STSs) have led to concentrating solar technologies to increase their energy conversion efficiency. These systems, however, still have areas of opportunity or improving their performance and reducing their manufacturing costs. This paper presents the design, construction and evaluation of a high-precision dual-axis solar tracking system with a technology readiness level of 7–8. The system is controlled by a low-cost Arduino board in a closed-loop control using a micro-electromechanical solar sensor. Real-time tracking experiments were performed under a clear sky as well as during partly and mostly cloudy days. Solar tracking accuracy was evaluated in an operational environment using test procedures adapted from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62817 standard. The total mean instantaneous solar tracking error on a clear day measured with a calibrated digital solar sensor was 0.37° and 0.52° with a developed pinhole projection system. Similarly, the total mean reported solar tracking accuracy achieved was 0.390° on a sunny day and 0.536° on a partially cloudy day. An annual power generation analysis considering a conventional photovoltaic (PV) panel system and a typical concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module as payloads was also presented. Simulations showed an increase in the generation of up to 37.5% for a flat panel with dual-axis tracking versus a fixed panel. In the case of the CPV system, first, a ray tracing study was implemented to determine the misalignment coefficient, then the annual power generation was estimated. The developed STS allowed the CPV modules to reach at least 90% of their nominal energy conversion efficiency.
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Tchouli, Alain Foutche, Stephane Ndiya Ngasop, Jean Hilaire Tchami, Claude Bertin Nzoundja Fapi, and Hyacinthe Tchakounté. "Design and Improvement of an Automated Tool for Quality Control and Performance Assessment of PV Modules." Solar 5, no. 2 (2025): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/solar5020014.
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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are at the heart of the energy transition, providing an essential source of clean, renewable energy for applications such as solar pumping, which is essential for irrigation and rural water supply. However, their efficiency depends directly on the quality and performance of the modules, which are often affected by defects or unfavorable environmental conditions. This article presents the development of an innovative automated tool designed for advanced characterization of PV modules by analyzing key parameters such as voltage and current. The system integrates measurement sensors (voltage, current, temperature, etc.), an Arduino Mega board and an SD card, enabling real-time data collection, processing, and recording under various environmental conditions. The results of the experimental tests demonstrate a significant improvement in the PV panel selection process, ensuring optimized choices at the time of purchase and rigorous monitoring during operation. This innovation contributes to maximizing energy performance and extending panel longevity, reinforcing their role in the transition to a sustainable energy model.
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Ismail, Firas B., Nizar F. O. Al-Muhsen, Fazreen A. Fuzi, S. Sambathan, and Muhammad N. H. Nawawi. "Design and fabrication of solar panel with sun position tracker." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 2 (2020): 6906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.29.0541.
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Timelessly, the sun has been paramount source of energy for life on earth and a large portion of the energy is utilized just for warmth and lighting. Decisively, daylight can be utilized as another form of energy by completely harvesting the light rays from the sun into a reliable sustainable source of energy. The main objective of this work is to develop a new solar panel design with better energy harvesting efficiency with the capability of tracking the position of the sun using real-time tracker. Three solar panels are stacked above one another without overshadowing the below ones. Solar concentrator is also employed to focus the sun irradiance onto panels. To ensure maximum power harvested, solar panel needs to be perpendicular to the sun’s array. Therefore, solar panels are rotated using combination of servo motors, Real Time Clock (RTC) and Arduino Mega 2560 to certain angles at certain period. The result is then compared with the conventional solar panel system, and it is found that the new design generates 50 kW/h extra energy, which is about 21.24% greater than the static conventional system. The overall increment of the average output power is about 28.5% which is for all the working hours over three days' testing time. Besides, it is found that the performance of the proposed system could be influenced by the operating temperature of the PV modules.
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Noh, Faridah Hanim Binti Mohd, Muhamad Faizal Yaakub, Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin, et al. "Development of solar panel cleaning robot using Arduino." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (2020): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1245-1250.
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Solar power is mainly harnessed from photovoltaic (PV) panels which are arranged in multiple arrays in a solar farm or solar system. Though, power generation from PV solar system is characterised by uncertain efficiency, many countries with high insolation prefer solar as an alternative way of generating clean energy. However, the efficiency of energy generated from PV panels is affected by the accumulation of dust and debris, even on one panel in an array. This condition leads to the need for regular cleaning of the surface of PV panels. Current labour-based cleaning methods for photovoltaic arrays are costly in time, water and energy usage as well as lacking in automation capabilities. To overcome this problem, a fully automatic solar panel cleaning system with/without water is proposed. Hence, in this paper, the design of a robot for automated cleaning of the surface of PV panel is presented. The design utilizes an Arduino controller system to control the robot movement during the cleaning process. In addition, it is equipped with two rough sponge and a water pump system that can be used to clean dust or debris found on PV panel surfaces. The efficiency of the PV panels before and after the cleaning process is also observed. The result shows that the developed solar panel cleaning robot is able to clean the panel effectively and increase back the output current as well as the maximum power of the panel by 50%, after the dust on the PV panel is cleaned.
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Faridah, Hanim Mohd Noh, Faizal Yaakub Muhamad, Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin Ili, et al. "Development of solar panel cleaning robot using arduino." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (IJEECS) 19, no. 3 (2020): 1245–50. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1245-1250.
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Solar power is mainly harnessed from photovoltaic (PV) panels which are arranged in multiple arrays in a solar farm or solar system. Though, power generation from PV solar system is characterised by uncertain efficiency, many countries with high insolation prefer solar as an alternative way of generating clean energy. However, the efficiency of energy generated from PV panels is affected by the accumulation of dust and debris, even on one panel in an array. This condition leads to the need for regular cleaning of the surface of PV panels. Current labour-based cleaning methods for photovoltaic arrays are costly in time, water and energy usage as well as lacking in automation capabilities. To overcome this problem, a fully automatic solar panel cleaning system with/without water is proposed. Hence, in this paper, the design of a robot for automated cleaning of the surface of PV panel is presented. The design utilizes an Arduino controller system to control the robot movement during the cleaning process. In addition, it is equipped with two rough sponge and a water pump system that can be used to clean dust or debris found on PV panel surfaces. The efficiency of the PV panels before and after the cleaning process is also observed. The result shows that the developed solar panel cleaning robot is able to clean the panel effectively and increase back the output current as well as the maximum power of the panel by 50%, after the dust on the PV panel is cleaned.
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Maryani, Sri, RD Kusumanto, and Carlos RS. "Solar Panel Optimization Using Peltier Module TEC1-12706." Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering 4, no. 3 (2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmcie.2023.4.3.6.
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One of the renewable energy sources that is presently being developed in Indonesia is the technology that converts solar energy into electrical energy using solar cells or PV panels. The power output of a solar panel is influenced by several factors, including solar radiation intensity, panel surface temperature, shading, and the angle of solar incidence. One factor that can influence the efficiency of a solar panel is the temperature of the solar module. The efficiency of a solar panel decreases as its temperature increases. Installing a Peltier TEC1-12706 on a PV panel will have an impact on heat absorption on the surface of the PV panel, thereby optimizing the power output of the PV panel. This study utilizes three monocrystalline solar panels with a power rating of 50 Wp, which are installed under three conditions: the first solar panel without a Peltier device, the second solar panel with twenty Peltier devices connected in series beside the solar panel, and the third solar panel with twenty Peltier devices connected in series both beside and beneath the solar panel. The output of these solar panels is remotely monitored using IoT as a connection to facilitate the monitoring and control of measured variables, including ambient temperature, solar panel surface temperature, voltage, current, solar panel output power, and efficiency. The data is collected at a height of approximately 12 meters in an outdoor laboratory at the Telecommunications Department of the Electrical Engineering Polytechnic of Sriwijaya Palembang. The measurements are collected between approximately 07:00 to 17:00 local time. The research results reveal that the monocrystalline PV panel with Peltier devices connected in series beneath and beside the solar panel has a higher absorption temperature compared to the solar panel without a Peltier device. Irradiance and ambient temperature have an influence on the voltage and current of the PV panel. The measured irradiance is directly influenced by the ambient temperature. The PV panel, with the addition of Peltier devices beneath and beside it, has an output voltage of 0.3 volts, a higher current value of 0.37 amperes, an increase in output power of 8.9 watts, and an overall average efficiency enhancement of 32.6% compared to the PV panel without a Peltier device.
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Nasution, Rahmatsyah Handayani Ramadhan, Annisa Salsabilla, M. Fachmi Ridho’i, and Riri Murniati. "Design Smart Installation Household Electricity Using Solar Panels 600 Watts on Grid Capacity." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 25, no. 1 (2024): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v25i1.43717.
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Energy security plays an important role, especially in the modern and digital era which continues to increase in use. The availability of renewable energy sources is very abundant in tropical countries of Indonesia, especially solar energy sources that can be used to meet electricity needs on a household scale without worrying about limitations and pollution. This study aims to design electrical installations using solar panels with an autonomous drive system following Arduino uno-based sunlight with a capacity of 600 watts on-grid to reduce the cost burden of PLN and reduce air pollution. The addition of Arduino uno autonomous devices plays a role in increasing the efficiency of solar radiation received thereby increasing the output power of the installation. The result of this study is the design of a power plant installation with a solar cell with a capacity of 600 watts with 13 50-watt monocrystalline PV solar modules with supporting components, such as a 1000-watt inverter, and an efficiency device in the form of an Arduino uno-based autonomous drive system. This research produces data on the benefits obtained by using this tool amounting to Rp. 12.500 / month for 20 years of efficiency in using solar panels.
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Shinde, Rohit. "Design &Development of PV Solar Panel Cleaning Mechanism Using Arduino UNO." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 3985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44810.
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Abstract: From ancient times the human beings are very aware about the cleanliness of the house and the parts neighbouring to it. The solar PV modules are generally employed in dusty environments which is the case in tropical countries like India. The dust gets accumulated on the front surface of the module and blocks the incident light from the sun. It reduces the power generation capacity of the module. The power output reduces as much as by 50% if the module is not cleaned for a month. In order to regularly clean the dust, a automatic cleaning system has been designed, which senses the dust on the solar panel and also cleans the module automatically. This automated system is implemented using 8051 microcontroller which controls the DC gear motor. This mechanism consists of a sensor (LDR). While for cleaning the PV modules, a mechanism consists of a slidingbrush has been developed.
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Irwan, Y. M., W. Z. Leow, M. Irwanto, M. Fareq, N. Gomesh, and I. Safwati. "Comparative Efficiency of Solar Panel by Utilize DC Water Pump and DC Hybrid Cooling System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.398.
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The purpose of this paper is discussed about comparative efficiency of solar panel by utilize DC water pump and DC hybrid cooling system. Ambient temperature and solar irradiance are played main role of the efficiency of PV module. When temperature of PV module increase, the efficiency of PV module will decreased and vice versa. When solar irradiance increase, output current and output power will increase with linear and output voltage will increase with marginal and vice versa. A solution is provided to solve problem of low efficiency of PV module which is DC cooling system. DC brushless fan and water pump with inlet/outlet manifold were designed for actively cool the PV module to improve efficiency of PV cells. The PV module with DC water pump cooling system increase 3.52 %, 36.27 %, 38.98 % in term of output voltage, output current, and output power respectively. It decrease 6.36 °C compare than to PV module without DC water pump cooling system. While PV module with DC hybrid cooling system increase 4.99 %, 39.90 %, 42.65 % in term of output voltage, output current, and output power respectively. It decrease 6.79 °C compare to PV module without DC water pump cooling system. The higher efficiency of PV module, the payback period of the system can be shorted and the lifespan of PV module can be longer.
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Irwan, Y. M., W. Z. Leow, M. Irwanto, M. Fareq, N. Gomesh, and I. Safwati. "Comparison between DC Brushless Fan and DC Hybrid Solar Panel Cooling System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.373.
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The purpose of this paper is compare between DC brushless fan and DC hybrid solar panel cooling system. The efficiency of PV module is depending on solar irradiance and ambient temperature. As temperature of PV module increase, the output current will increase but output voltage and output power will decrease and also vice versa. As solar irradiance increase, output current and output power will increase with linear and output voltage will increase with marginal and vice versa. The DC cooling system is a way to fix the issue of low efficiency of PV module with the intention to generate more electrical energy. To make an attempt to cool down the PV module, DC brushless fan and water pump with inlet/outlet manifold are built for constant fresh air movement and water flow circulation at the backside and front surface of PV module. The PV module with DC brushless fan cooling system increase 3.47 %, 29.55 %, 32.23 % in term of output voltage, output current, and output power respectively. It decrease 6.1 °C compare than to PV module without DC brushless fan cooling system. While PV module with DC hybrid cooling system increase 4.99 %, 39.90 %, 42.65 % in term of output voltage, output current, and output power respectively. It decrease 6.79 °C compare to PV module without DC hybrid cooling system. The efficiency of PV module with cooling system was increasing compared to PV module without cooling system, for the reason that the ambient temperature dropped significantly. An increase in efficiency of PV module, investment payback period of the system can reduce and the lifespan of PV module will be prolonged.
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J., Azeez. "Energy Analysis of a 20W Solar Photovoltaic Module: A Review." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. I (2024): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90119.
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The solar photovoltaic (PV) system generates both electrical and thermal energy from solar radiation. In this paper, an attempt has been made for evaluating electrical output of solar PV panel installed at Ajat Instruments Nigeria Limited, Mokola, Ibadan, Nigeria. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy/power analysis was performed. The operating and electrical parameters of a PV array include PV module temperature, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, etc. were used. The reviewed formulas were used for the calculation of the energy/power efficiency of the PV system. Energy/power efficiency was calculated to be approximately 18%. Future studies should focus on modelling the efficiency of the solar panel. More investigation is required to define the optimum efficiency of the solar panel.
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Sharma, Abhisak, Pardeep Kumar, Gyander Ghangas, Vishal Gupta, Himanshu Sharma, and Chahak Sharma. "Comparison of open circuit voltage generated by tracking solar panel and static solar panel using arduino board." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i2.9.
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This paper represents the comparison of the voltages generated by the tracking and static solar panels. The work also aims to design and fabrication of a cheap and efficient tracking device. This device comprises of hardware and software. A rigid mechanical structure with nut and screw as the transmission is developed. 4 LDRs and DC motors are employed, which are cheap and less power consuming. As far as the software concerns, an open source microcontroller “Arduino UNO” board is used because of their simplicity and cost effectiveness. This Sun tracking device with a PV panel installed on it, is placed outside at the roof of the building along with a static solar panel. Output voltages generated from both panels are recorded in SD card through data logger in Arduino UNO. This real-time data shows the difference in amplitude of both the signals. Voltage of rotating panel is more than static one resulting that the tracking device can increase the efficiency of the panel by exposing the PV panel more to the sun light. Hence this setup proves that the solar panel with tracking system generates more energy than solar panel without tracking system.
 Keywords: Solar Tracker, LDR, PV Panel, Arduino UNO Board.
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Altınkök, Sevgi, and Meral Altınay. "INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL DISTRIBUTION AND THERMOELECTRIC COOLING PERFORMANCE IN A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL." Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering 21, no. 1 (2025): 51–71. https://doi.org/10.56850/jnse.1651746.
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Photovoltaic (PV) panels, while generating energy from solar radiation, may experience a loss in efficiency due to excessive heating of the module surface. This heating negatively impacts the performance of the PV module, reducing the energy efficiency derived from solar radiation. In this study, the thermal behavior of a PV module integrated with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is thoroughly investigated through experimental and simulation approaches. The PV-TEG integration not only minimizes the efficiency loss by cooling the PV modules but also provides additional energy generation through the thermoelectric generators (TEG). These hybrid systems, particularly in regions with high temperatures and intense solar radiation, have the potential to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic systems and enable more efficient energy production. The study demonstrates the potential of PV-TEG systems to perform both functions cooling and energy generation simultaneously.
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Abdulmouti, Hassan. "Passive Cooling Module to Improve the Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Performance." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 18 (March 1, 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.2.
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Solar energy is a renewable clean energy. Photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar panels use the sun light as the main source to produce electricity. However, the operating temperature has a significant impact on the PV conversion process and its performance. PV cell technology performance is sensitive to the operating temperature. Increasing cell temperature causes a significant reduction in the output voltage which in turn leads to reducing electrical efficiency. In other words, when the temperature rises, the output current rises exponentially which leads to output voltage to fall. Therefore, PV efficiency decreases. This paper aims to develop a new PV panel passive cooling system that enhances the efficiency of the panel and improves its performance. The design is based on air channels and air chimneys. Overall, cooled solar panels are efficient and cost-effective as their performance is better and their efficiency is higher than the non-cooled solar panels. Our project is designed to serve UAE’s 2021 vision (increased dependence on clean energy and green development), reduce pollution in the environment, and save energy for the next generations. The goal of this research is to lower the temperature of the PV panel., therefore, enhancing the efficiency as well as improving the performance by cooling the PV panel. So, It has the potential to alleviate the problem of overheating solar panels.
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Dinker, Smita. "Arduino Based Solar Tracking System for Energy Improvement of PV Solar Panel." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 2257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36411.
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Solar energy is a clean, easily accessible and abundantly available alternative energy source in nature. Getting solar energy from nature is very beneficial for power generation. Using a fixed Photovoltaic panels extract maximum energy only during 12 noon to 2 PM in Nigeria which results in less energy efficiency. Therefore, the need to improve the energy efficiency of PV solar panel through building a solar tracking system cannot be over-emphasized. Photovoltaic panels must be perpendicular with the sun in order to get maximum energy. The methodology employed in this work includes the implementation of an Arduino based solar tracking system. Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) are used to sense the intensity of sunlight and hence the PV solar panel is adjusted accordingly to track maximum energy. The mechanism uses servo motor to control the movement of the solar panel. The microcontroller is used to control the servo motor based on signals received from the LDRs. The result of this work has clearly shown that the tracking solar panel produces more energy compared to a fixed panel.
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Mukundaswamy M S, Dr. C. Rajini Kanth, Karibasavaraj K, Bharath H B, Manu H R, and Shreedhar S. "Robot Based Solar Panel Cleaning System." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 09 (2024): 2834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0415.
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Solar energy is one of the most used energy for generating electricity nowadays. During generation the energy reduction is caused by environmental factors like dirt, dust etc. The proposed robot based solar panel cleaning system improves the voltage level which intern increases overall efficiency of solar panel. This research focus on designing, monitoring and implementation of solar panel cleaning, uses water for protecting panel from scratches and cooling. This system mainly consists of dust sensor, Arduino Nano, motor drives, Rx/Tx module, ultrasonic sensor and water pump. The dust sensor detects the dust, Arduino monitors the circuit, Tx/Rx module sends and receive signals. Ultrasonic sensor keeps the robot in panel’s perimeter and motor drives are control robot movement and water pumping.
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Hassanian, Reza, Morris Riedel, Asdis Helgadottir, Nashmin Yeganeh, and Runar Unnthorsson. "Implicit Equation for Photovoltaic Module Temperature and Efficiency via Heat Transfer Computational Model." Thermo 2, no. 1 (2022): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/thermo2010004.
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This paper evaluates the photovoltaic (PV) module operating temperature’s relation to efficiency via a numerical heat transfer model. The literature reports that higher PV module operating temperatures impact PV module efficiency. There are dozens of explicit and implicit equations used to determine the PV module operating temperature. However, they are not universal, and for each application, it is necessary to insert a correction coefficient based on the environment and boundary conditions. Using a numerical method covering a more comprehensive range of PV module operation conditions to estimate a global equation, this study considers the solar radiation flux, Gt, solar ray direction with respect to the ground level, γ, convective heat transfer coefficient, h, tilt angle, β, ambient temperature, Ta, PV power output, Ppv, PV panel efficiency, η, and environmental properties. The results match the extant empirical work and related literature. PV module efficiency is found to have a linear relationship to the PV module operating temperature via a numerical heat transfer model corresponding to the well-known PV module. It specifies that heat transfer convection changes with PV module tilt angle, causing PV module operating temperature effects. It also represents the PV module operating temperature variations with ambient temperature and solar flux, like those reported in the literature.
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Hashim, Emad Talib, and Sarah Adil Mohammed Hussien. "Synchronous Buck Converter with Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Implemented on a Low-Cost Arduino-microcontroller." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 2 (2018): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.02.02.
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Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to enhance efficiency and maximize the output power of PV module, regardless the variation of temperature, irradiation, and the electrical characteristics of the load. A new MPPT system has been presented in this research, consisting of a synchronous DC-DC step-down Buck converter controlled by an Arduino microcontroller based unit. The MPPT process with Perturb and Observe method is performed with a DC-DC converter circuit to overcome the problem of voltage mismatch between the PV modules and the loads. The proposing system has high efficiency, lower cost and can be easily modified to handle more energy sources. The test results indicate that the use of the proposed MPPT control with the designed synchronous Buck converter increases the PV output power; hence increases the overall solar system efficiency. The synchronous Buck converter test results used in this design showed high converter efficiency up to 95% of the power produced from the solar module, leading to reduce power loss caused by the power transfer process from PV module to the loads.
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Yusoff, Mohd Irwan, W. Z. Leow, M. Irwanto, N. Gomesh, M. R. Mamat, and I. Safwati. "A New Technique to Improve the Efficiency of Output Power Solar Panel Using PIC 18F4550 Microcontroller." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.31.
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Together with advancement associated with technologies things have gotten simpler and less complicated for people. Automation is usually the employment of manage devices along with details technologies to scale back the need regarding human being do the job inside creation associated with things along with products and services. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is regarded as the famous energy source amongst renewable energy sources which in turn that utilize to relieve usage of fossil fuel. PV energy is usually a lot of abundant energy sources among renewable energy. PV technology is change sunlight energy into electrical energy. The performance of electricity of PV module can be affected by solar irradiance and ambient temperature. When PV technology is process solar irradiance, producing lowered performance of PV modules and increasing temperature of PV module. When the temperature of PV module is reach at or more than 35 °C that detected by LM 35, PIC 18F4550 is switched ON the DC cooling system and vice versa. After switch ON the cooling system, the temperature of PV module is reducing. This controller system is an intelligent system because it will run the cooling system automatically when the temperature of PV module reaches setting level that detected by temperature sensors. The higher efficiency of PV cell, the payback period of the system can be shorted and the lifespan of PV module can also be longer.
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Rukman, Nurul Shahirah, Ahmad Fudholi, Putri Adia Utari, et al. "Bi-fluid cooling effect on electrical characteristics of flexible photovoltaic panel." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 12, no. 1 (2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2021.v12.51-56.
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A photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with a bi-fluid cooling mechanism, which is known as photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system, was investigated. The electrical characteristics of flexible solar panel were evaluated for PV and PV with bi-fluid (air and water) cooling system. The integration of monocrystalline flexible solar panel into both systems was tested under a fixed solar radiation of 800 W/m2. A total of 0.04–0.10 kg/s of air flow was utilised in PV with cooling system with a fixed water mass flow rate of 0.025 kg/s. The efficiencies of flexible panel for PV and PV with cooling system were explored. For PV with bi-fluid flow, the highest obtained efficiency of module was 15.95% when 0.08 kg/s of air and 0.025 kg/s of water were allowed to flow through the cooling system. Compared with PV without cooling mechanism, the highest efficiency of module was 13.35% under same solar radiation. Current–voltage and power graphs were also plotted to present the electrical characteristics (current, voltage and power) generated by both systems.
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Moungsrijun, Sasimonton, Sawitree Wongrerkdee, Chainarong Raktham, Pichitchai Pimpang, Yutthana Munklang, and Sutthipoj Wongrerkdee. "Development of a Dust Cleaning Robot Controlled using Arduino Microcontroller for Solar Photovoltaic Panel Maintenance." ASEAN Journal of Scientific and Technological Reports 28, no. 2 (2025): e255888. https://doi.org/10.55164/ajstr.v28i2.255888.
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The electricity production of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels often decreases over time due to dust accumulation. Thus, regular cleaning is necessary to maintain optimal electricity production efficiency. Advanced cleaning technologies are commonly used in commercial solar farms. However, household solar PV systems may face challenges in adopting such technologies due to budget constraints or cost-effectiveness considerations. In this work, a low-cost dust-cleaning robot for solar PV panel cleaning systems, utilizing Arduino microcontrollers, was developed. The robot’s performance was tested under natural climate conditions, and satisfactory results were demonstrated in removing dust from solar PV panels to sustain electricity generation. This innovation system effectively addresses household solar PV systems' dust accumulation and maintenance issues.
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Wirateruna, Efendi S., Mohammad Jasa Afroni, and Fawaidul Badri. "Design of Maximum Power Point Tracking Photovoltaic System Based on Incremental Conductance Algorithm using Arduino Uno and Boost Converter." Applied Technology and Computing Science Journal 4, no. 2 (2022): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/atcsj.v4i2.2450.
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Fossil fuel reserves are limited while the growing demand for energy utilization. It leads to an acceleration of renewable energy use. One of the renewable energy resources is solar energy, called the photovoltaic system. This paper uses a photovoltaic solar system consisting of a solar panel module, DC-DC boost converter, voltage divider, ACS712 as a current sensor, Arduino Uno, and load resistor. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is implemented to track the maximum power point of the solar panel system using a boost converter based on the Incremental Conductance algorithm embedded in Arduino UNO. The PV system with MPPT controller is designed with PV 20 W. The testing of the ACS712 current sensor and voltage sensor show error values of about 1.82% and 0.83%, respectively, which are acceptable limits. Besides, the DC-DC boost converter is also tested, and its performance shows an increase in the output voltage. The test result of the PV system with MPPT control based on the Incremental Conductance algorithm shows the average value of the PV power output with resistive load at 36 Ω is about 7.34 W, while the PV system without MPPT is about 6.07 W. Thus, the Photovoltaic system using MPPT controller based on the incremental conductance algorithm can control PV power output at the maximum power point.
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Journal, IJSREM. "Smart Temperature Dependent Cooling of Solar panel Using Arduino." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 03 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29290.
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This project involves the integration of various hardware components, including an Arduino board, a temperature sensor, an LCD display, a relay module, a CPU fan, and an ESP8266NodeMCU. The goal is to create a system that can monitor temperature, display information on an LCD screen, a relay to control fan, a CPU fan, and upload collected data to a web server for remote access and analysis. The temperature sensor is connected to the Arduino board to measure the ambient temperature. The LCD display provides real-time temperature readings and system status information. The relay module enables the Arduino to control an external device based on predefined temperature thresholds. Additionally, a CPU fan is integrated to manage the temperature of a system component. This enhances the overall system stability and efficiency. The ESP8266 Node MCU, acting as a Wi-Fi Module, connects the system to the internet. It gathers temperature data from the Arduino and periodically uploads it to a designated web server via HTTP or other suitable protocols. This enables users to monitor temperature trends and system performance remotely, providing insights into environmental conditions and operational effectiveness. The integration of these components involves programming the Arduino and Node MCU using relevant libraries and languages such as c / c++ and Arduino IDE. The Arduino code manages data collection, LCD display, relay control, and fan speed regulation, ensuring seamless coordination between the components. The Node MCU code establishes a connection to the Wi-Fi network, formats and transmits data to the web server, and handles any necessary security considerations. Keywords: CPU Fan, Arduino, solar panels, Templates, Journals.
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Soumi, Andi Ibrahim, Dona Setiawan, Fajar Fitriani, Abdul Hussamad, Andra Novriza Ramadan, and V. Reza Bayu Kurniawan. "Optimization of Solar Panel Power Estimation in Yogyakarta." Creative Research in Engineering (CERIE) 5, no. 1 (2025): 8. https://doi.org/10.30595/cerie.v5i1.25496.
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This research focuses on predicting the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems using the PVWatts Calculator. The study examines three types of PV modules—Standard, Premium, and Thin Film—under the environmental conditions of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with simulations set for the year 2024. Input parameters, including geographic coordinates, solar radiation intensity, average air temperature, and module specifications, were collected from reliable sources such as Suncalc. Simulations were conducted to evaluate annual and monthly energy outputs, considering factors such as system capacity, panel orientation, inverter efficiency, and system losses. The results show that Premium modules achieve the highest energy output, while Standard and Thin Film modules provide nearly comparable performance, making them cost-effective alternatives. Despite differences in efficiency, the performance gap between the module types remains relatively small under similar light intensity conditions. The findings highlight the importance of selecting PV modules based on specific needs, budget constraints, and environmental factors to optimize solar energy system performance. This study provides a comprehensive framework for PV performance calculations using PVWatts and offers valuable insights to support renewable energy development in the Yogyakarta region.
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Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah, Seepana PraveenKumar, Naseer T. Alwan, Vladimir Ivanovich Velkin, and Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo. "Experimental Study on Performance Enhancement of a Photovoltaic Module Using a Combination of Phase Change Material and Aluminum Fins—Exergy, Energy and Economic (3E) Analysis." Inventions 6, no. 4 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6040069.
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The electrical performance of a photovoltaic (PV) module is hugely affected by its temperature. This study proposed a passive cooling mechanism for the cooling of a PV panel. The proposed cooling system is made up of a combination of aluminum fins and paraffin wax integrated at the PV panel’s rear side. The average temperature for the cooled panel for the entire period of the experiment is 36.62 °C against 48.75 °C for the referenced PV module. This represents an average reduction of 12.13 °C for the cooled panel. The average power for the cooled panel is 12.19 W against 10.95 W for the referenced module which is 11.33% improvement. The electrical efficiencies for the cooled panel and the referenced modules are 14.30% and 13.60%, respectively, representing an improvement of 5.15% in the electrical efficiency. The cooled solar PV module had an average exergy efficiency of 7.99% compared to 5.61% for the referenced module. In terms of the economics, the results from the computations show that LCOE of the cooled panel can range between 0.198 and 0.603 $/kWh, while that of the referenced module ranges from 0.221–0.671 $/kWh depending on the number of days it operates.
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Mutasher, Dheya Ghanim, Mohammed Fowzi Mohammed, and Zaid Salman Ubaid. "Study the Performance of Cooled Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Panel Using New Cooling Technology." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.001.
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In this work, experimental and numerical analyses have been executed to investigate the effect of using cooling techniques on the performance of the photovoltaic thermal solar panel (PV/T). It is well known that a decrease in the panel temperature will lead to an increase in the electrical efficiency. The photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector is a combination of PV cells and a solar thermal collector in one unit, which can together generate electrical and thermal energy. In the theoretical study, the electrical characteristics of PV were analyzed by using (MATLAB PROGRAM). The panels were oriented south and tilted at 45o. All tests are carried out in Baghdad city at (May, June and July) in 2018; under clear sky conditions. The experimental study includes four cases (modules). Module I contains open cell aluminum metal located in water passages box of a 9-liter capacity in the back of PV panel. Module II contains only water pass. Module III comprises copper slices that are located in the water box. The first three cases are compared with the conventional PV panel under the same conditions. compares between the PV with open cell aluminum metal and the other PV with copper slices. The results manifested that the cooling of PV panel in the module III is better than the others, but economically, the use of module I is the best, therefor it is found a more acceptable technique for hot climate conditions
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Karmalawi, Abdallah. "Characterization, traceability, and uncertainty estimation of reference solar panel module measurements using pulsed solar simulators and reference solar cells." Acta IMEKO 12, no. 3 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i3.1525.
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This paper presents the design, characterization, and traceability of reference solar panel modules for determining the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules at standard test conditions (STC). The research introduces an advanced experimental system based on a class AAA pulsed solar simulator to measure the radiometric, electrical performances, and efficiency of PV modules. I-V/P characteristics of three PV modules at different STCs and the associated uncertainty budget of the system were estimated. I-V characteristic and associated parameters including Isc, Voc, Pmax, FF, and efficiency were measured. The radiometric and electrical traceability were discussed, and the relative expanded combined uncertainties were concluded to be 1.62 % (Isc), 0.42 % (Voc), 2.05 % (Pmax), and 2.5% (η), with a coverage factor k = 2. Reference solar panel modules were also used on-site to test the performance of large PV panels, and the results are reported.
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Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah, Seepana PraveenKumar, Naseer T. Alwan, Vladimir Ivanovich Velkin, Sergey E. Shcheklein, and Salam J. Yaqoob. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of a Combination of Active and Passive Cooling Mechanism on the Thermal Characteristics and Efficiency of Solar PV Module." Inventions 6, no. 4 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6040063.
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A photovoltaic (PV) module’s electrical efficiency depends on the operating temperature of the cell. Electrical efficiency reduces with increasing PV module temperature which is one of the drawbacks of this technology. This is due to the negative temperature coefficient of a PV module which decreases its voltage significantly while the current increases slightly. This study combines both active and passive cooling mechanisms to improve the electrical output of a PV module. A heat sink made up of aluminum fins and an ultrasonic humidifier were used to cool the panel. The ultrasonic humidifier was used to generate a humid environment at the rear side of the PV module. The cooling process in the study was able to reduce the temperature of the panel averagely by 14.61 °C. This reduction led to a 6.8% improvement in the electrical efficiency of the module. The average power of 12.23 W was recorded for the cooled panel against 10.87 W for the referenced module. In terms of water consumption, a total of 1.5 L was approximately consumed during the whole experimental process due to evaporation. In effect, the proposed cooling approach was demonstrated as effective.
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SHOAIB, MUHAMMAD AMMAD, MUHAMMAD FAISAL KHAN, and BASIT ALI. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO GAUGE THE INFLUENCE OF TILT ANGLE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL PERFORMANCE." REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE 70, no. 1 (2025): 139–44. https://doi.org/10.59277/rrst-ee.2025.1.24.
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Solar energy is the most significant form of renewable energy, and its efficiency is affected by the angle between the photovoltaic module and the sun. Research has been conducted to enhance its sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. The power density of a PV module is highest when it is perpendicular to the sun's beam. Still, because the sun's angle with a fixed panel constantly changes, the power density on a fixed PV module is lower than that of the incident sunlight. Additionally, the earth's orbit and the changing seasons impact irradiance and reduce the output of fixed tilt angle panels. This study aims to estimate the power losses due to fixed PV panels using an analytical model and experimental data and compare the calculated output with data from solar panel installations. The results of this research can help overcome the drawbacks of fixed tilt angles, improve efficiency, increase solar energy production, and reduce dependence on environmentally harmful non-renewable energy sources.
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Salot, Parshva. "Performance Enhancement of Solar Photovoltaic Cell." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 2395–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35557.
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This paper consists analysis on performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic cell by using reflecting and cooling system. The performance of PV (photovoltaic) module is strongly dependent on its surface temperature and solar radiation strikes on PV panel. It is necessary to study possible way for maintaining the appropriate temperature for solar panels and make system that will help to strikes maximum solar radiation on panel. High solar radiation and ambient temperature lead to an elevated photovoltaic cell operating temperature, which affects its lifespan and power output adversely. To enhance the electrical performance of the PV module we make one system which consists of two mirrors as a reflector placing beside solar panel and cooling system consists of pipe placed on upper area of solar panel. At time of sunrise and sunset low solar radiation is fall on solar panel, so reflecting system increase the intensity of solar radiation fall on solar panel. At noon time or afternoon the temperature of solar panel is increases it will decrease the efficiency of solar panel to minimize that cooling system is introduced that controlled the surface temperature.
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Salihi, Mustapha, Maryam El Fiti, Yasser Harmen, Younes Chhiti, Ahmed Chebak, and Charafeddine Jama. "Efficiency enhancement of photovoltaic module using bio-based eutectic phase change material: An experimental study." E3S Web of Conferences 545 (2024): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454502001.
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Photovoltaic cells convert absorbed solar energy into electricity by transforming the incident visible wavelengths of solar radiation on their surface, while the other wavelengths are transformed into thermal energy. However, the main issue they face is the elevated temperature of PV modules during operation, which reduces their energy production efficiency. Thermal control of photovoltaic panels using phase change materials (PCMs) has been a potential solution to overcome this problem and perform as a passive cooling material. In this study, the effectiveness of using a novel bio-based eutectic PCM in thermal regulation and efficiency enhancement of the PV panel was studied experimentally. The prepared PCM was characterized and then integrated onto the backside of the PV module. An indoor experimental study was conducted to compare the performance of PV-PCM with a reference PV panel without PCM. The DSC results revealed that the prepared PCM has an appropriate phase change temperature and latent heat capacity for cooling a PV module. In addition, the incorporation of PCM on the backside of the PV panel (PV-PCM) resulted in a significant reduction in surface temperature by 11.46 °C (14.45 %) compared to the reference PV (PV-ref) panel without PCM. Notably, an increase of 7.23 % in the maximum output power is observed in the PV-PCM system.
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Kumar Agrawal, Karmendra, Ravi Kant Mittal, Shibani Khanra Jha, Ajit Pratap Singh, Sanjay Vashishtha, and Manoj Kumar Soni. "Experimental Studies and Analysis for Performance Assessment of Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1375, no. 1 (2024): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1375/1/012023.
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Abstract The Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) systems are expected to perform relatively at a higher efficiency level as compared to ground mounted PV systems. The major factor affecting the operating efficiency of a solar panel is the operating temperature of the PV panel which is relatively lower as compared to ground mounted PV system. To accomplish this, an experiment setup of FSPV system has been developed which consists of solar panels operating at different heights above water surface. The findings indicate that FSPV modules can reduce the module temperature by up to 4°C – 7°C. The performance of FSPV has been analysed under diurnal conditions. The performance has been assessed in terms of power output by utilising module parameters. The results highlight the power output from solar panel under varying heights help to optimize the operating heights of the solar panels over the water bodies to achieve maximum power output. Therefore, it is also advised for FSPV to raise the PV modules to their optimal height. The FSPV systems at 500 mm height provided 1.8-3.78% higher power output than ground mounted PV systems, maximum of all the panels above water.
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Etier, Issa, Salem Nijmeh, Mohammed Shdiefat, and Omar Al-Obaidy. "Experimentally evaluating electrical outputs of a PV-T system in Jordan." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp421-430.
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This experimental work is looking at the properties of photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) system, which had designed to increase the output power of the PV panel for the climate of Zarqa, Jordan. Operating temperature of the PV module has a significant impact on the performance of the PV module. However, most of the radiation energy absorbed by the PV panel is converted into heat, which is normally lost and provides no value. In order to decrease the operating temperature of the PV panel, a water cooling system with a control system had designed. Experimentally, when the PV module was operating under active water-cooling condition using the backside cooling technique, the temperature dropped significantly, which led to an increase in the electrical efficiency of solar cells by 6.86%.
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Issa, Etier, Nijmeh Salem, Shdiefat Mohammed, and Al-Obaidy Omar. "Experimentally evaluating electrical outputs of a PV-T system in Jordan." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 421–30. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp421-430.
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This experimental work is looking at the properties of photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) system, which had designed to increase the output power of the PV panel for the climate of Zarqa, Jordan. Operating temperature of the PV module has a significant impact on the performance of the PV module. However, most of the radiation energy absorbed by the PV panel is converted into heat, which is normally lost and provides no value. In order to decrease the operating temperature of the PV panel, a water cooling system with a control system had designed. Experimentally, when the PV module was operating under active water-cooling condition using the backside cooling technique, the temperature dropped significantly, which led to an increase in the electrical efficiency of solar cells by 6.86%.
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Thongtha, Atthakorn, Hoy Yen Chan, and Paisit Luangjok. "Influence of Phase Change Material Application on Photovoltaic Panel Performance." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.563.
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This study investigated the application of phase change material and fins into photovoltaic panel. The experimental design was divided into 2 cases: conventional photovoltaic and photovoltaic with phase change material and fins. The thermal performance and electrical efficiency was tested under the solar radiation simulator between 500 and 1000 W/m2. The insolation intensity was tested by an incident-light photometer. The power of the nine halogen lamps was controlled by a simple voltage control device. It was found that temperature of normal PV module is constant after the tested time of 20 minutes. The temperatures of PV module with phase change material and fins were lower than a normal PV module throughout the testing duration. Approximately 2-6% of photovoltaic module temperatures have decreased and this have improved the electrical efficiency of about 1-4%. This indicated the use of phase change material and fins is able to decrease the photovoltaic module temperature and thus increase the efficiency of photovoltaic module cooling.
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Hamed, Ahmed Hassan, Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy, I. Hamdan, and Hussein M. Maghrabie. "Automated Water Cooling and Solar Tracking for Efficiency Improvement of PV Systems: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 4, no. 4 (2024): 1819–61. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v4i4.1642.
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This article presented previous efforts for overcoming low photovoltaic (PV) solar panel electrical efficiencies resulted from excess heat problem reached in hot climates. Utilizing water cooling, temperature-controlled water cooling and solar tracking solar systems are discussed in this paper. Water is a perfect medium can be used for absorbing excess heat due to its high thermal capacity, availability and low cost. In addition to, utilizing control systems for water cooling systems based on Arduino unit and microcontroller chip which can be interfaced with Bluetooth, WIFI, and Internet of Things (IOT) enhances saving time and effort in large PV solar plants and PV performance. Solar tracking systems, depend on light-dependent resistors (LDRs) which are resistors operated by incident light, or ultraviolet (UV) sensors which are detectors based on incident ultraviolet radiation sensing enhances PV performance. Solar tracking systems enhances PV electrical efficiency compared to fixed PV panels. PV efficiencies of latest studies were presented and compared. Utilizing water cooling systems enhances PV electrical efficiency up to 30%, using an ON-OFF temperature-controlled water-cooling systems increased overall efficiency up to 51.4% and can reduce consumption of water up to 29.28%. In addition to, using two solar tracking systems enhances PV solar panel efficiency up to 65%. The increase in PV installation faces challenges includes millions of solar waste tons that harms environment and human health. However, it can be eliminated utilizing recycling technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning techniques would enhance PV performance analyzing and data collection.
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Kadhim, Arwa M., and Issam Mohamed Ali Aljubury. "Experimental Evaluation of Evaporative Cooling for Enhancing Photovoltaic Panels Efficiency Using Underground Water." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 8 (2020): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.08.02.
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This paper presents an experimental study of cooling photovoltaic (PV) panels using evaporative cooling. Underground (geothermal energy) water used to extract heat from it during cooling and cleaning of PV panels. An experimental test rig was constructed and tested under hot and dusty climate conditions in Baghdad. An active cooling system was used with auxiliary an underground water tank to provide cold water as a coolant over both PV surfaces to reduce its temperature. The cellulose pad has been arranged on the back surface and sprays cooling on the front side. Two identical PV panels modules used: without cooling and evaporative water cooling. The experiments are comprised of four cases: Case (I): backside cooling, Case (II): front and back cooling (pump supply water every 35 minutes), Case (III): cooling both sides using Arduino controller. Water cooling pump operation depending on the panel temperatures (temperature sensors were installed on the front of the panel), Case (IV): Repeating case III with different water flow rates. Experimental results showed that the average reduction in module temperatures was 4, 8,12.2 and 12.6 ⁰C respectively by Case (I), (II), (III) and (IV) with respect to a non-cooling module. Using evaporative water cooling achieved a total improvement of 1.74%, 2.8%, 15.8%, and 16% in the conversion efficiency of the panel by the Case (I), (II), (III) and (IV) respectively when compared to a non-cooling module.
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Matias, Flávio, Luís C. Pires, Pedro D. Silva, and Pedro D. Gaspar. "Experimental study of a hybrid solar photovoltaic, thermoelectric and thermal module." E3S Web of Conferences 152 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015201005.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, solar energy, which can be photovoltaic and thermal, is a clean and reliable source of energy for the production of electric and thermal power. However, new ways for improving photovoltaic efficiency are fundamental for an extensive application of this technology. Most of the energy absorbed by the PV panel converts itself into heat, which usually is lost and does not have any energetic value. The performance of a combined photovoltaic (PV), thermoelectric generator (TEG) and water heating panel is tested in practice. The thermoelectric set is applied on the back of the PV panel so that the two devices have approximately the same temperature. On the other face of the thermoelectric set, there is the water heating panel, which consists of an aluminium heat exchanger specially designed for this hybrid module. The exposed surface of the hybrid panel has an area of about 2.72 dm2. Experimental tests were conducted in direct solar exposure during July. The experimental results indicate that the maximum global module efficiency was 91.3% for an irradiance of 1089 W/m2. The power peak production was 29.7 W, at 2 p.m., with an irradiance value of 1230 W/m2.
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Mohd Mokhtar, Nadzirah, Azreen Abd Gami, Nur Nadira Noordin, et al. "Development and Performance Analysis of Smart Cooling System for Rooftop Solar Panels in Green Building Applications." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1509, no. 1 (2025): 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1509/1/012013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract As solar energy becomes crucial for sustainable architecture, elevated temperatures hinder the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The absorption of solar radiation causes a significant rise in temperature, which negatively impacts the electrical efficiency of PV cells. This study aims to develop a prototype of a Smart Cooling System (SCS) tailored for rooftop solar panels in green building applications. A 50W solar panel was mounted on a mild steel stand at a 45° tilt angle. The flow rate and water pump speed were controlled using an Arduino Uno R3, adjusting based on the PV panel’s temperature. Experiments were conducted both with and without water cooling. Without cooling, the panel reached high temperatures, resulting in an efficiency of only 7.5%. In contrast, under water cooling conditions, the temperature dropped by as much as 10°C, leading to a 35% increase in solar cell efficiency compared to the uncooled state. This research highlights the potential of smart technologies to enhance the performance of renewable energy systems in green buildings, contributing to more sustainable urban environments.
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Mustafa, Ramadan J., Mohamed R. Gomaa, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah, and Hegazy Rezk. "Environmental Impacts on the Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (2020): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020608.
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This study scrutinizes the reliability and validity of existing analyses that focus on the impact of various environmental factors on a photovoltaic (PV) system’s performance. For the first time, four environmental factors (the accumulation of dust, water droplets, birds’ droppings, and partial shading conditions) affecting system performance are investigated, simultaneously, in one study. The results obtained from this investigation demonstrate that the accumulation of dust, shading, and bird fouling has a significant effect on PV current and voltage, and consequently, the harvested PV energy. ‘Shading’ had the strongest influence on the efficiency of the PV modules. It was found that increasing the area of shading on a PV module surface by a quarter, half, and three quarters resulted in a power reduction of 33.7%, 45.1%, and 92.6%, respectively. However, results pertaining to the impact of water droplets on the PV panel had an inverse effect, decreasing the temperature of the PV panel, which led to an increase in the potential difference and improved the power output by at least 5.6%. Moreover, dust accumulation reduced the power output by 8.80% and the efficiency by 11.86%, while birds fouling the PV module surface was found to reduce the PV system performance by about 7.4%.
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Dahliya, Dahliya, Samsurizal Samsurizal, and Nurmiati Pasra. "Efisiensi Panel Surya Kapasitas 100 Wp Akibat Pengaruh Suhu Dan Kecepatan Angin." SUTET 11, no. 2 (2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v11i2.1551.
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Solar radiation has a great effect on the output of the photovoltaic system. Wind speed is directly related to the cooling of the PV system and can also affect the performance of the solar collector. This research looks at the influence of temperature and wind on the efficiency of solar panels. From the results of the tests and calculations, it was found that the temperature of the single crystal panel measured on that day was 44°C, and the temperature of the polycrystalline panel was 43°C. The effect of wind speed on the efficiency of the solar module, calculated based on calculations using the linear regression method, shows a correlation level of R = 0.0281. This means that only about 2.81% wind speed will affect it. Has solar module efficiency. From the various aspects of the calculations carried out, we can see that the efficiency of the single crystal panel is 11.716%, while the efficiency of the polycrystalline panel is 10.02%. From the calculation results, we can conclude that the efficiency of the single crystal module is significantly increased.